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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 26 липня 2024

Оновлено: 27 липня 2024

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1

Hawken, Jennifer, T. Chard, Kate Costeloe, D. J. Jeffries, and C. N. Hudson. "Risk Factors for HIV Infection Overlooked in Routine Antenatal Care." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 88, no. 11 (November 1995): 634–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107689508801108.

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We have ascertained the extent to which risk factors for HIV infection may escape detection by standard history-taking procedures in an antenatal clinic. This study was based on 1264 women from a multi-ethnic population in an inner London health district (City and Hackney). All had agreed to undergo attributable HIV testing and a detailed personal interview. Thirty-nine per cent (494 of 1264 women) reported risk factors contributed personally or by a partner. Most of these risk factors had not been earlier disclosed by routine history taking. In most cases the risk was residence and risk activity in a World Health Organization (WHO) Pattern 2 country. [HIV spread WHO categories: Pattern 1—principally homosexual/bisexual males and i.v. drug use (areas=North America, Western Europe, Australasia, parts of South America) with male to female ratio 10/1; Pattern 2—Heterosexual (areas=Sub Saharan Africa, Caribbean and part South America) with male to female 1/1.] Thirty-one subjects (2.4%) were aware that their partners had participated in bisexual activity. Only six subjects perceived themselves at risk through their own or partner's drug injecting activity. The frequency of risk factors was substantially greater than that ascertained by the routine history. The findings highlight the potential risk of heterosexual spread resulting from travel to or residence in high prevalence territories. The contribution by male partners is significant and is particularly difficult to detect during a routine interview. These data support the recommendation that voluntary HIV serum testing should be universal rather than a selective offer based on risk factors determined at a routine history.

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2

Rosario-Rosado, Rosa Virgen, Cruz M. Nazario, Imar Mansilla-Rivera, Farah A. Ramírez, Istoni da Luz-Sant'Ana, Jing Nie, Johan Hernández-Santiago, and Jo L. Freudenheim. "Possible Mediation of the Association Between Education Attainment and Breast Cancer in a Hispanic Female Population Experiencing Historical Changes in Social Determinants of Health." JCO Global Oncology 10, Supplement_1 (July 2024): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/go-24-11700.

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PURPOSE While higher educational level (HEL) is associated with generally better health status, and educational attainment is a well-known social determinant of health, HEL has been associated with an increased breast cancer risk (BCR). Likely this paradox is the result of other mediating factors correlated with education such as parity. In Puerto Rico, there have been important changes in reproductive breast cancer risk factorsin particular, the fertility rate has dropped markedly in the last decades. We explored the possible mediation of parity and other risk factors on the association between education attainment and BCR among Caribbean Hispanic women with considerable variation in education. METHOD The Atabey study was a population-based case-control study (315 cases and 348 controls) in the San Juan Puerto Rico metropolitan area. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to assess the association between education (>12 yrs. vs. ≤12 yrs. as reference) and BCR adjusting independently for age and each of the following: BMI, benign breast disease, family history of breast cancer, age at menarche, age at first birth, age at last birth, number of births, breastfeeding, menopausal status, and age at menopause. Mediation analysis was used to explore if including parity (0, 1, ≥2) in the model changes the association between education attainment and BCR. RESULTS A little more than half of both cases (67.62%) and controls (56.03%) had completed more than high school. The association between education level and BCR remained statistically significant after adjusting by age and each risk factor separately (e.g. OR adjusted by age alone: 1.84 [95% CI: 1.33, 2.56] OR adjusted by age and age at first birth: 1.50 [95% CI: 1.03, 2.19]OR adjusted by age and parity: 1.56 [95% CI: 1.10, 2.21]). Parity appears to mediate this association (e.g., OR graduate studies vs <12 yrs. as reference: 3.74 [95% CI: 2.02, 6.94] direct effect: 1.31 [95% CI: 1.13, 1.51] indirect effect: 1.04 [95% CI: 0.99, 1.11]. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that parity could mediate the association between education and BCR. Further analyses are needed to understand the causal web behind the association between education and breast cancer among Caribbean Hispanic women. Acknowledgement: CDMRP Grant W81XWH-07-1-0329 BCRP HBCU/MI Partnership Training Award and NIAID award number 2U54MD007587.

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3

Phillips, Adrienne A., Iuliana Shapira, Robert D. Willim, Jasotha Sanmugarajah, William B. Solomon, Steven M. Horwitz, David G. Savage, Gerald Soff, and Owen A. O’Connor. "A Multicenter Clinicopathologic Experience of HTLV-1 ATLL: A Retrospective 15 Year Review Reveals Little Progress." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 3569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.3569.3569.

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Abstract Adult T cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) is a rare manifestation of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) which is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean, and regions of Africa and Latin America. Endemic regions have also been identified in the US, primarily where immigrants of endemic countries reside. The NYC metropolitan area has the greatest number of Caribbean-born immigrants to the US which has formed the basis for this retrospective review. A diagnosis of ATLL was made according to the following criteria: a clinical history consistent with ATLL; a positive HTLV-1 antibody by ELISA and Western Blot, or evidence of HTLV-1 proviral integration by PCR; and histological findings compatible with ATLL. A total of 89 patients were identified at 3 institutions in NYC from 8/92 to 5/07. There were 37 men and 52 women with a median age of 50y (range 22 to 82y). All but 6 patients had immigrated to the US from the Caribbean, Latin America or Africa, and the majority were from Jamaica (25.8%) and the Dominican Republic (19.1%). The acute subtype predominated (68.5%), followed by the lymphomatous (20.2%), chronic (6.8%) and smoldering (4.5%) subtypes. The most common presenting symptoms were lymphadenopathy (80.9%) and skin rash (39.3%) and the median ECOG performance status was 3. WBC counts ranged from 3.0 to 334.0 x 109/l (median of 12.5 X 109/l). Hypercalcemia was seen in 71.9% of patients (median calcium level of 13.5 mg/dl, range 9.8 to 27.0 mg/dl). Twenty-eight patients (31.5%) had CNS involvement during their course. The median International Prognostic Index (IPI) was 4. Most patients received a combination-alkylator based chemotherapy regimen in the frontline setting (ex: CHOP) (61.3%), with an overall response rate (ORR) to the frontline treatment of 58.2%. Twenty patients (20.2%) received AZT and IFN at sometime during their course with an ORR of 25%. Twelve patients (13.5%) received a biologically based therapy at sometime during their course, with only two patients achieving a partial response (to alemtuzamab and denileukin diftitox). Despite initial responses to therapy, the median overall survival for all subtypes was 6 mos (range 0.5 to 78.5 mos). Median survival for specific subtypes was noted to be: 4 mos for the acute subtype (range 0.5 to 78.5 mos); 9 mos for the lymphomatous subtype (range 1 to 63 mos), 17 months for the chronic subtype (range 5 to 22 mos) and 34 mos for the smoldering subtype (range 16 to 48 mos). Conclusion: This retrospective series represents one of the largest North American experiences to date among primarily Caribbean descendants. Interestingly, when placed into the context of other experiences published over the past 30 years, it is clear there has been little to no change in the outcome of patients diagnosed with this disease. In fact, this population, with a median overall survival of only 6 mos, represents one of the poorest outcomes reported for any sub-type of lymphoma. These data suggest that radically new ATLL directed therapies are needed. The recent development of several new T-cell active agents, in addition to other strategies (ex: transplantation) need to be specifically studied in this population.

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4

Htwe, Su, and Susan Holmes. "BH09 Mycophenolate mofetil in the management of lichen planus pigmentosus in a woman with frontal fibrosing alopecia." British Journal of Dermatology 191, Supplement_1 (June 28, 2024): i77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljae090.156.

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Abstract A 50-year-old woman of south Asian descent presented with a 4-year history of hair loss, itching and follicular prominence at her frontal hairline, in association with increasingly sparse eyebrows and loss of body hair. She was otherwise well and on no medication. Clinical examination revealed typical features of frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA), with associated papules on the forehead. In addition, striking hyperpigmentation was evident over the forehead, face and neck. This was felt to be in keeping with FFA-associated dyspigmentation–lichen planus (LP) pigmentosus. Initial management was lymecycline 408 mg once daily, tacrolimus 0.1% ointment twice daily plus mometasone furoate 0.1% two times weekly to the neck, and pimecrolimus cream twice a day to the face, as well as a sun protection factor 50 sunscreen. Hydroxychloroquine was avoided initially due to the potential side-effect of altered skin pigmentation with this drug. While the hairline recession remained unchanged, the pigmentary changes worsened despite treatment and affected areas became increasingly itchy. Lymecycline was stopped and hydroxychloroquine 200 mg once daily was started. After 12 months, the cutaneous pigmentation continued to worsen and was extending onto the arms and torso. A trial of low-dose isotretinoin (20 mg once daily) was considered as this has been reported to be of benefit in LP pigmentosus. However, after 6 months, there was no improvement. A trial of mycophenolate mofetil 500 mg twice daily was then commenced. After 3 months of treatment, skin itching had settled and no new areas of hyperpigmentation were noted. After 9 months, there had been a significant improvement in skin pigmentation, which has been maintained. The extent of frontal hairline recession has remained stable. While FFA was initially described exclusively in postmenopausal White women, it has since been reported in Hispanic, African, Afro-Caribbean and Asian individuals, premenopausal women, and men. Dyspigmentation associated with FFA has largely been a feature observed in patients with darker skin types, and it is not clear whether this pigmentation is part of the spectrum of FFA in individuals with darker skin or whether LP pigmentosus is occurring coincidently with FFA in patients with darker skin types. Low-dose isotretinoin has been reported as being of benefit in LP pigmentosus but was ineffective in this case. Mycophenolate mofetil is also reported to be of benefit in the management of LP pigmentosus, and led to a significant improvement in both pigmentation and itch in this case. This case highlights the therapeutic benefit of mycophenolate mofetil in in LP pigmentosus associated with FFA.

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5

Johnson, Sherry, Verene Shepherd, Bridget Brereton, and Barbara Bailey. "Engendering History: Caribbean Women in Historical Perspective." Hispanic American Historical Review 76, no. 4 (November 1996): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2518028.

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6

Johnson, Sherry. "Engendering History: Caribbean Women in Historical Perspective." Hispanic American Historical Review 76, no. 4 (November 1, 1996): 845–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-76.4.845.

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7

Rodriguez, Felix V. Matos, and Janet Momsen. "Women and Change in the Caribbean: A Pan-Caribbean Perspective." Hispanic American Historical Review 74, no. 3 (August 1994): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2517938.

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8

Matos Rodríguez, Félix V. "Women and Change in the Caribbean: A Pan-Caribbean Perspective." Hispanic American Historical Review 74, no. 3 (August 1, 1994): 547–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-74.3.547.

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9

Downs, Karen Spencer. "Homage to Caribbean Women." Caribbean Quarterly 67, no. 4 (October 2, 2021): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00086495.2021.1996008.

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10

Beckles, Hilary McD. "White Women and Slavery in the Caribbean." History Workshop Journal 36, no. 1 (1993): 66–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hwj/36.1.66.

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11

Cleland, Joel S. "Women in Latin America and the Caribbean (review)." Journal of World History 12, no. 1 (2001): 231–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2001.0006.

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12

Brereton, Bridget. "Gendered Testimonies: Autobiographies, Diaries and Letters by Women as Sources for Caribbean History." Feminist Review 59, no. 1 (June 1998): 143–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014177898339505.

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Although history has been one of the main disciplines through which we can understand gender, the paucity of data written or recorded by women makes it more difficult for the historian to research women's lives in the past. In the Caribbean, this task has been made easier by the discovery of a few key sources which allow an insight into the private sphere of Caribbean women's lives. These records of women who have lived in the Caribbean since the 1800s consist of memoirs, diaries and letters. The autobiographical writings include the extraordinary record of Mary Prince, a Bermuda-born enslaved African woman. Other sources which have been examined are the diaries of women who were members of the élite in the society, and educated women who worked either in professions or through the church to assist others in their societies. Through her examination of the testimonies of these women, the author reveals aspects of childhood, motherhood, marriage and sexual abuses which different women – free and unfree, white, black or coloured – experienced. The glimpses allow us to see Caribbean women who have lived with and challenged the definitions of femininity allowed them in the past. It demonstrates that the distinctions created between women's private and public lives were as artificial then as they are at present.

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13

Coyle, Rachel Margaret, Ada Rose Miltz, Fiona C. Lampe, Janey Sewell, Andrew N. Phillips, Andrew Speakman, Jyoti Dhar, et al. "Ethnicity and sexual risk in heterosexual people attending sexual health clinics in England: a cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire study." Sexually Transmitted Infections 94, no. 5 (March 8, 2018): 384–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053308.

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ObjectivesIn the UK, people of black ethnicity experience a disproportionate burden of HIV and STI. We aimed to assess the association of ethnicity with sexual behaviour and sexual health among women and heterosexual men attending genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics in England.MethodsThe Attitudes to and Understanding of Risk of Acquisition of HIV is a cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire study of HIV negative people recruited from 20 GUM clinics in England, 2013–2014. Modified Poisson regression with robust SEs was used to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) for the association between ethnicity and various sexual risk behaviours, adjusted for age, study region, education and relationship status.ResultsQuestionnaires were completed by 1146 individuals, 676 women and 470 heterosexual men. Ethnicity was recorded for 1131 (98.8%) participants: 550 (48.6%) black/mixed African, 168 (14.9%) black/mixed Caribbean, 308 (27.2%) white ethnic groups, 105 (9.3%) other ethnicity. Compared with women from white ethnic groups, black/mixed African women were less likely to report condomless sex with a non-regular partner (aPR (95% CI) 0.67 (0.51 to 0.88)), black/mixed African and black/mixed Caribbean women were less likely to report two or more new partners (0.42 (0.32 to 0.55) and 0.44 (0.29 to 0.65), respectively), and black/mixed Caribbean women were more likely to report an STI diagnosis (1.56 (1.00 to 2.42)). Compared with men from white ethnic groups, black/mixed Caribbean men were more likely to report an STI diagnosis (1.91 (1.20 to 3.04)), but did not report risk behaviours more frequently. Men and women of black/mixed Caribbean ethnicity remained more likely to report STI history after adjustment for sexual risk behaviours.DiscussionRisk behaviours were reported less frequently by women of black ethnicity; however, history of STI was more prevalent among black/mixed Caribbean women. In black/mixed Caribbean men, higher STI history was not explained by ethnic variation in reported risk behaviours. The association between STI and black/mixed Caribbean ethnicity remained after adjustment for risk behaviours.

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14

Paton, Diana. "Centering Women: Gender Discourses in Caribbean Slave Society." Hispanic American Historical Review 80, no. 3 (August 1, 2000): 595–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-80-3-595.

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15

Bush, Barbara. "Centering Women: gender discourses in Caribbean slave society." Women's History Review 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 145–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612020100200541.

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16

Balaram, Arita. "Crafting New Narratives of Diasporic Resistance with Indo-Caribbean Women and Gender-Expansive People across Generations." Societies 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc11010002.

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This study used participatory oral history and digital archiving to explore two interrelated questions: How do Indo-Caribbean women and gender-expansive people across generations experience processes of storytelling? What are the challenges and possibilities of oral history and digital archiving for constructing alternative histories and genealogies of resistance? In the first phase of the study, twelve Indo-Caribbean women and gender-expansive people across generations participated in an oral history workshop where they were introduced to oral history methods, co-created an interview guide, conducted oral history interviews of one another, and engaged in collective reflection about processes of storytelling. In the second phase, four co-authors of a community-owned digital archive participated in semi-structured interviews about their work to craft new narratives of diasporic resistance rooted in the everyday stories of Indo-Caribbean women and gender-expansive people. In this paper, I analyze how Indo-Caribbean women and gender-expansive people practice resistance by breaking silences in their communities around gender-based oppression, shift norms through producing analyses of their own stories, and reshape community narratives. Furthermore, I explore how oral history participants and co-authors of a digital archive understand the risks associated with sharing stories, raising the ethical dilemmas associated with conceptualizing storytelling as purely liberatory.

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17

Hardwick, L. "Reclaiming Difference: Caribbean Women Rewrite Postcolonialism." French Studies 61, no. 3 (July 1, 2007): 409–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/knm098.

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18

CHAMBERLAIN, MARY. "WOMEN AND GENDER IN CARIBBEAN HISTORY, Mona, Jamaica, November 1993." History Workshop Journal 37, no. 1 (1994): 250–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hwj/37.1.250.

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19

Olsen, Marie Veisegaard. "Sexual relationships and working lives of free Afro-Caribbean women." Scandinavian Journal of History 41, no. 4-5 (August 9, 2016): 565–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2016.1210895.

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20

Tézer, Zita. "Defining the Caribbean Area and Identity." Acta Hispanica, no. II (October 5, 2020): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/actahisp.2020.0.203-212.

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In examining Caribbean identity, it is essential to examine the demarcation of the area, delimit the boundaries, assess how local people have defined or redefined themselves in space and time, and how this is influenced by economics and politics. Obviously the key is the geographic proximity of the Caribbean Sea and its history, which result in many similarities in time, but there is variation, and there are differences. Two significant researchers who investigated the most important common elements like colonization, plantation economy and slavery, Charles Wagley and Sidney Mintz cultural anthropologists, conducted their fieldwork in Brazil, Puerto Rico, Haiti and Jamaica. In defining the “Caribbean” within Plantation America cultural sphere, Charles Wagley took into account the geography, the environment, linguistics, the modes of production, the local histories. Both anthropologists made sociocultural, ethnographic and demographic analyses, comparing the colonial structures in the plantations to delimit the culturally identical area, which, however, today is not followed by geopolitical boundaries, nor is the locals' perceptions of their own interpretation about the Caribbean area.

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21

Wheat, David. "Nharas and Morenas Horras: A Luso-African Model for the Social History of the Spanish Caribbean, c. 1570-1640." Journal of Early Modern History 14, no. 1-2 (2010): 119–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138537810x12632734397061.

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AbstractDrawing on little-used archival materials held in Seville’s Archive of the Indies and ecclesiastical records from the Cathedral of Havana, this article argues that free African and African-descended women participated in Spain’s colonization of the Caribbean to a degree that has not been fully recognized. Regularly described as vecinas (heads of household) and as spouses to Iberian men in key port cities, free women of color played active roles in the formation and maintenance of Spanish Caribbean society during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, not as peripheral or marginalized figures, but as non-elite insiders who pursued their own best interests and those of their families and associates.

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22

Joseph, O’Neil. "Caribbean Migrant Women Making Their Voices Heard: Perspectives from Tobago." Journal of Migration History 10, no. 1 (March 11, 2024): 63–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23519924-10010003.

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Abstract This article examines the life histories of three women who migrated from the island of Tobago in the period 1950 to 1990. The themes explored include the factors which motivated their move, their lived realities in ‘new’ lands, the impact of migration on them and their families, and the reasons for return migration. This article argues that from the first half of the twentieth century, working-class Tobago women, through their personal migration efforts, made use of ingenuity, psychological strength and ambition to better themselves and their families. The Caribbean labour migration literature highlights the migration treks of Caribbean men during this period, but Caribbean women travelled in equally large numbers regionally and internationally in a relentless pursuit of wage labour and economic stability. While in some instances, their migration experiences led to the achievement of promised upward mobility, the pain of deteriorating family relations and rejection in a ‘new’ land, often led to return migration. This argument, which rests upon an interrogation of life histories, newspapers and official documents, presents new insights on a familiar topic, and meaningfully expands the historiography of migration and Caribbean women.

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23

Martinez, Laura Lopez. "San Andres, a Herstory, or Writing Caribbean History from the Margins." Women, Gender, and Families of Color 9, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 230–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/23260947.9.2.07.

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Abstract The island of San Andrés is located approximately 110 miles east of the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua and 300 miles west-northwest of the Colombian mainland. The literature and culture of the islands in the San Andrés and Providencia archipelago are still not very well known or studied, both within and outside Colombia, due to problems in editorial work, translation, and distribution and also because the relationship between the mainland and the islands has been often tense and difficult. The article will examine the 1987 novel San Andres, a Herstory by Keshia Howard-Livingston from the perspective of herstory, that is, narrating history from women's perspectives. This novel, through its depiction of the travels of three generations of women, proposes an alternative history of San Andrés and the Caribbean. These women, due to their race and gender, have been doubly excluded from traditional historiography. I propose to study Howard-Livingston's novel as a literary exercise that wants to narrate these women stories, turning herstory into “History,” and as a foundational work that questions the process of the construction of a national identity in Colombia. The novel shows the tensions and conflicts that arose because of this nationalist project and explores the relationship between identity, language, and memory in the Caribbean.

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24

Bush-Slimani, Barbara. "Hard Labour: Women, Childbirty and Resistance in British Caribbean Slave Societies." History Workshop Journal 36, no. 1 (1993): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hwj/36.1.83.

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25

Richardson-Ngwenya, Pamela. "Situated knowledge and the EU sugar reform: a Caribbean life history." Area 45, no. 2 (March 15, 2013): 188–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/area.12011.

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26

Thomas, Silvea E. "Menopause Knowledge and Attitudes of English-Speaking Caribbean Women." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v3i3.657.

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Seventy-four 36-60 year old English-speaking Caribbean women living in the New York metropolitan area were surveyed to determine their knowledge and attitudes towards menopause, and to identify implications for health education practice. A 33-item questionnaire was distributed by the researcher and her trained research assistant at three sites. Sixty-three (85%) of the seventy four women surveyed returned useable questionnaires. Respondents lacked comprehensive understanding of the meaning of the term menopause and information about the risks of heart disease associated with menopause. In general, menopause health information was limited. The majority said they did not seek medical attention when symptoms were present. Among those who did seek care and those for whom treatment was prescribed, non-compliance was high, even with the support of a significant other. There was little correlation between the reported level of education and knowledge of health risks associated with menopause. Although limited in its generalizability, this study identifies the need for further research. It suggests the tailoring of health promotion and disease prevention strategies as well as identifying “efficacy-based” prevention strategies that focus on the needs of English-speaking Caribbean women.

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27

Schomburg–Scherff, Sylvia M. "Women Versions of Creole Identity in Caribbean Fiction." Matatu 27, no. 1 (December 7, 2003): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-90000461.

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28

Pujals, Sandra. "The Comintern, New York’s Immigrant Community, and the Forging of Caribbean Visions, 1931–1936." Russian History 41, no. 2 (May 18, 2014): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763316-04102011.

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The article discusses the participation of the Communist International (Comintern, 1919–1943) in the Caribbean region throughout most of the 1930s, mapping an international dimension for local and regional developments and counting the Soviet Union as an imperialist contender along with the customary colonial powers. The essay also enumerates examples of the sort of international, cultural networks fostered by the Comintern’s agenda and its political agents throughout the area, pointing out the connection between this sort of communication and the region’s leap into modernity that defined the decolonization process in the late 1940s. In these developments, New York as the center of a Caribbean diaspora becomes instrumental as the point of departure and confluence for the agents of international communism and Caribbean nationals during the decade of the 1930s. The evidence, in turn, implies a call to reformulate the historical evolution of the Caribbean diaspora in New York between the 1920s and the 1940s, taking into consideration the Comintern’s contribution to the transnational aspect of Caribbean radicalism, politics and culture in the post-war era. Finally, it also suggests a possible revision of the chronological framework for the Soviet Union’s presence in the Caribbean region long before the Cuban revolution of 1959, in view of declassified documentation from the Comintern archives.

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Rojas-Gulloso, A., L. Sánchez-Lerma, Marcela Montilla, F. Morales-Pulecio, E. Sarmiento-Rudolf, and Ricardo Tapia-Reales. "Infectious diseases in migrant pregnant women from an area of the Colombian Caribbean." Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 55 (September 2023): 102629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102629.

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Beckles, Hilary MCD, and Marietta Morrissey. "Slave Women in the New World: Gender Stratification in the Caribbean." American Historical Review 96, no. 3 (June 1991): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2162679.

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31

Welch, Kimberly C. "Women at Sea: Travel Writing and the Margins of Caribbean Discourse." Hispanic American Historical Review 82, no. 4 (November 1, 2002): 817–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-82-4-817.

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32

Domínguez, Daisy. "At the Intersection of Animal and Area Studies." Humanimalia 8, no. 1 (September 22, 2016): 66–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.52537/humanimalia.9655.

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This essay discusses how Animal Studies scholarship in Latin American and Caribbean history relates to the wider scholarship in this emerging field. It identifies and explores general themes in recent scholarship and provides pointers for librarians interested in developing collections that will promote this burgeoning field.

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33

Stanley, Jo. "Book Review: Women at Sea: Travel Writings and the Margins of Caribbean Discourse." International Journal of Maritime History 13, no. 1 (June 2001): 325–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387140101300174.

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34

Jiménez-Wagenheim, Olga. "Producing Power: Ethnicity, Gender, and Class in a Caribbean WorkplaceThe Myth of the Male Breadwinner: Women and Industrialization in the Caribbean." Hispanic American Historical Review 77, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-77.1.169.

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35

Mills, Keilah. "Grotesque Touch: Women, Violence, and Contemporary Circum-Caribbean Narratives." Caribbean Quarterly 67, no. 4 (October 2, 2021): 501–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00086495.2021.1996048.

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36

Hellman, Judith Adler. "Making Women Visible: New Works on Latin American and Caribbean Women." Latin American Research Review 27, no. 1 (1992): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100016678.

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37

Emmer, P. C. "Caribbean Plantations and Indentured Labour, 1640–1917: A Constructive or Destructive Deviation from the Free Labour Market?" Itinerario 21, no. 1 (March 1997): 73–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300022713.

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In surveying the negative effects of the expansion of Europe it seems difficult to find an area which was worse affected than the Caribbean. The autochthonous population of Amerindians had been decimated on a scale unknown elsewhere. Rather than becoming an attractive refuge for migrant Europeans, the Caribbean became the home of plantation agriculture, which ruthlessly destroyed the existing environment and small scale farming. To top it all, the Caribbean plantations needed a constant influx of labourers. The success of Caribbean exports created a paradox: the region was in constant and increasing need of manpower while at the same time the number European migrants was decreasing rapidly

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38

Monterrosa-Castro, Alvaro, Katheryn Portela-Buelvas, and Camil Castelo-Branco. "Urinary incontinence in climacteric afrodescendant women from the Colombian Caribbean." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 10 (September 26, 2019): 3817. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20194342.

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Background: To assess the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) and to identify related factors in Afro-descendant Colombian women.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 40-59 year old women from the Colombian Caribbean. Socio-demographic characteristics were recorded and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form (ICIQ-SF) and the 10-item cervantes scale were applied to identify UI and genitourinary symptoms, respectively.Results: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 40-59-year-old women from the Colombian Caribbean. Socio-demographic characteristics were recorded and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form (ICIQ-SF) and the 10-item cervantes scale were applied to identify UI and genitourinary symptoms, respectively.Conclusions: The prevalence of UI among climacteric afro-descendant women was close to 4%. A history of PIH and PD consumption were related factors.

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Miller, Alexandria. "“Lioness Order”: The Women of the Reggae Revival Speak." Women, Gender, and Families of Color 9, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 152–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/23260947.9.2.03.

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Abstract This article investigates the role of contemporary women in reggae music and details the unexpectedness of their growing role in the current industry, given their relative absence since the 1970s. Through critical studies of singers Janine “Jah9” Cunningham and Kelissa [McDonald], I historicize the evolution of female songstresses and their contributions to changing the rhetoric around women's positionalities in music and their relationship to Caribbean feminisms. Using an interdisciplinary framework that incorporates an intersectional lens with focuses on race, gender, and class, I analyze song lyrics and visual imagery that illuminate Caribbean womanhood. By critically analyzing music lyrics and videos of this movement, this essay builds on Jamaica's far-reaching history of Black resistance and highlights Jamaican twenty-first-century conversations about anti-imperialism, Rastafari, Afrocentricity, and poverty within Black feminism and women's empowerment. Lastly, I theorize concerning these women's cultural contributions as intellectual property, helping to shape the Black radical tradition through music and politics.

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40

Sorbin, Andres. "The Caribbean: Myths and Realities for the 1990s." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 32, no. 2 (1990): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/166011.

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Jaribbean scholars and analysts frequently point out that, despite its predominantly insular nature, it is not geography that accounts for the complexities and division of the Caribbean but, rather, history. Contemporary politics and international relations only confirm this judgment. As a result, and however unwillingly, we have become accustomed to viewing the region through narrow definitions and categories which, even though validated over time, contrast with the region's geographic, historical, political and economic reality.In the process, these limited views have given rise to persistent myths regarding both the region and its future.Throughout its history, many names have been given to the area: from Antilles to West Indies to Caribbean Basin. The varying colonial contexts, as well as the diverse cultural and political assumptions of the main state actors involved in the area, have ascribed a wide variety of names to the region.When speaking of the Caribbean, and taking into account the different historical assumptions and perceptions, three distinct definitions generally arise.

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Daza Villar, Vladimir. "Women in the War of Independence in the Colombian Caribbean Provinces. 1815-1822." Memorias, no. 40 (April 13, 2020): 134–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/memor.40.986.1.

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42

Suwan, Chen. "Analysis of Jamaica Kincaid’s Girl from the Perspective of Feminist Stylistics." Economic Society and Humanities 1, no. 1 (January 2024): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.62381/e244118.

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Girl is contemporary Antiguan-American writer Jamaica Kincaid’s autobiographical writing, which describes a girl dictated by the instructions of her demanding mother about how to behave properly like a lady. Through the narration of daily life between mother and daughter, the influence of colonial history and colonial culture on the family life of African Caribbean women is reflected in the work. With the analysis at three different levels of words, sentence and discourse from the perspective of feminist stylistics, the weak feminine role and the inferior social status of women in Antigua are explored. A traditional and typical Caribbean mother and daughter relationship of the controlling mother with the obedient daughter is revealed.

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43

Macpherson, Anne S. "Doing Comparative Caribbean (Gender) History: Puerto Rican and Belizean Working-Class Women, 1830s–1930s." Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07990537-2642764.

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44

Acevedo-Fontanez, Adrianna, Ryan Cvejkus, Allison Kuipers, Joseph Zmuda, Caterina Rosano, and Iva Miljkovic. "SKELETAL MUSCLE ADIPOSITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER COGNITION IN AFRICAN CARIBBEAN WOMEN." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 610–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2275.

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Abstract Objective Skeletal muscle adiposity (SMA) increases with aging and is recognized as a major risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases, disability, and mortality among older adults. Obesity is related to dementia and cognitive decline yet the relationship between SMA and cognition remains ill defined. The objective of this study was to assess SMA and cognitive function among African Caribbean women.Design and Methods Cross-sectional analysis of 448 African Caribbean women in the Tobago Health Study (mean age, 55 years; range, 39-84 years). Cognition was assessed by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), a test of information processing speed with a range of 0-90; higher scores suggest better cognitive function (faster information processing speed). Calf SMA (muscle density) was assessed with computed tomography (Stratec XCT-2000). Linear regression was used to assess the association of SMA with DSST adjusted for age, education, muscle area, waist circumference, alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity, diabetes, and hypertension. Results Participants had a BMI of 30.7 kg/m2. Mean (SD) DSST scores and SMA were 39.2 (13.1) and 71.7 (5.3) mg/cm3, respectively. After full adjustment, we found that one SD greater skeletal muscle adiposity was associated with a 1.40 lower DSST score (p-value=0.025). Conclusions Our findings suggest that in African Caribbean women, greater SMA is associated with slower information processing speed, an early indicator of future dementia risk. Future studies using an expanded battery of cognitive tests and longitudinal follow-up should further advance our understanding of the role of SMA and dementia risk among African ancestry populations.

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45

Guerrero, Juergen. "Cephalopoda (Mollusca) of the Colombian Caribbean Sea." Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras 50, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25268/bimc.invemar.2021.50.1.1025.

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The cephalopod fauna in Colombian Caribbean waters is poorly known. This work gives an overview of the species found in the area. For elaborating this list, the most relevant natural history collections where the material of the area’s is material is deposited were consulted, identifications were verified compared with type material and original descriptions and redescriptions. In the Colombian Caribbean Sea 48 cephalopod species are present in different environments, represented in 17 families and 33 genera. There is one Spirula, seven sepiolids, 21 squids, and 19 octopod species. Most animals are from shallow coastal waters.

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46

Turner, Mary. "The 11 o'clock flog: Women, work and labour law in the British Caribbean." Slavery & Abolition 20, no. 1 (April 1999): 38–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01440399908575268.

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47

Berleant-Schiller, Riva. "Women, Work, and Gender in the Caribbean: Recent Research." Latin American Research Review 34, no. 1 (1999): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100024365.

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Plummer, Jasmine. "Abstract IA023: Creating a single cell and spatial atlas of breast, ovarian and prostate cancer for African ancestry." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, no. 1_Supplement (January 1, 2023): IA023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp22-ia023.

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Abstract The US Black population is composed of both US born Black and immigrant Black populations from the Caribbean and Africa. Normal tissues in Black individuals independent of their country of birth or residence is woefully understudied. Black individuals disproportionately develop aggressive pathologic diseases which are treatment refractory or resistant, leading to premature deaths. In women, breast cancer is the most common cancer in Black women in the US, most common non-viral driven cancer in women in Africa and the Caribbean. Black women develop this disease younger than other ancestral groups and have higher incidence of metaplastic and triple negative breast cancer - aggressive pathologies. Ovarian cancer is rare in US-born Black (USB) while in both West and East Africa and the Caribbean, ovarian cancer is more common with more serous pathologies and earlier onset. While the incidence of prostate cancer among Black men in the US is declining, it is increasing in the Caribbean and Africa. Black men disproportionately develop prostate cancer young, have strong family history of prostate cancer, develop aggressive pathologies that are usually refractory to standard of care therapies. With the African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium (AC3) and Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, a single cell atlas of the cells of origin and tumors of breast, ovarian and prostate cancer will be constructed from samples across West and East Africa, the Caribbean and the USA in Black individuals. Pairing this single cell atlas with spatial approaches, we hope to develop a benchmark to confidently measure and interpret ancestral genomic differences at the cellular level. In this session, we will discuss how we are using these approaches to look at the relationship between African ancestry, aggressive disease biology, early onset warrants us to study the tissue composition, the proportion of sub-populations that are thought to give rise to tumors and the interplay with germline genetics. Citation Format: Jasmine Plummer. Creating a single cell and spatial atlas of breast, ovarian and prostate cancer for African ancestry [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA023.

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Tobias, J. H., D. G. Cook, T. J. Chambers, and N. Dalzell. "A Comparison of Bone Mineral Density between Caucasian, Asian and Afro-Caribbean Women." Clinical Science 87, no. 5 (November 1, 1994): 587–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0870587.

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1. We analysed the lumbar spine (L2-L4) and femoral neck bone mineral density results of Caucasian (n = 2232), Asian (Indian sub-continent) (n = 153) and Afro-Caribbean (n = 102) women referred for bone densitometry over a 30 month period. To assess the risk of osteoporosis, the results of Caucasian and Asian women were compared with those of a reference Caucasian population supplied by Lunar. 2. Subject characteristics were similar in all three groups, other than expected ethnic differences in stature and weight. We found that lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density in Caucasians was lower than in Afro-Caribbeans, but higher than in Asians. Consistent with this, bone mineral density was also lower in Asians as compared with the reference Caucasian population, both at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. As a consequence, a higher proportion of Asian women were classified as being at increased risk of osteoporosis than Caucasian women. 3. Since ethnic differences in skeletal size might influence bone mineral density, we also obtained values for bone mineral content in Caucasian and Asian women that were corrected for projected skeletal area, and weight and years since menopause, using regression equations derived from the Caucasian study population. After this analysis, the difference in bone mineral content between Caucasians and Asians at the lumbar spine disappeared, while that at the femoral neck persisted. 4. We conclude that the assessment of risk of osteoporosis in Asian women by comparing bone mineral density with a reference Caucasian population may have limited validity because of the influence of skeletal size on such measurements.

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Cala-Riquelme, Franklyn, Patrick Wiencek, Eduardo Florez-Daza, Greta J. Binford, and Ingi Agnarsson. "Island–to–Island Vicariance, Founder–Events and within–Area Speciation: The Biogeographic History of the Antillattus Clade (Salticidae: Euophryini)." Diversity 14, no. 3 (March 18, 2022): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14030224.

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The Caribbean Archipelago is a biodiversity hotspot that plays a key role in developing our understanding of how dispersal ability affects species formation. In island systems, species with intermediate dispersal abilities tend to exhibit greater diversity, as may be the case for many of the salticid lineages of the insular Caribbean. Here, we use molecular phylogenetic analyses to infer patterns of relationships and biogeographic history of the Caribbean endemic Antillattus clade (Antillattus, Truncattus, and Petemethis). We test if the timing of origin of the Antillatus clade in the Greater Antilles is congruent with GAARlandia and infer patterns of diversification within the Antillattus clade among Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico. Specifically, we evaluate the relative roles of dispersal over land connections, and overwater dispersal events in diversification within the Greater Antilles. Time tree analysis and model-based inference of ancestral ranges estimated the ancestor of the Antillattus clade to be c. 25 Mya, and the best model suggests dispersal via GAARlandia from northern South America to Hispaniola. Hispaniola seems to be the nucleus from which ancestral populations dispersed into Cuba and Puerto Rico via land connections prior to the opening of the Mona Passage and the Windward Passage. Divergences between taxa of the Antillattus clade from Cuban, Hispaniolan, and Puerto Rican populations appear to have originated by vicariance, founder-events and within-island speciation, while multiple dispersal events (founder-events) between Cuba and Hispaniola during the Middle Miocene and the Late Miocene best explain diversity patterns in the genera Antillattus and Truncattus.

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