Дисертації з теми "WO3-x"
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Trofimov, A. O., E. V. Kolobkova, E. V. Sohovich, and V. S. Zemko. "Electrochromic Film Based on a-WO3 Obtained by Sol-gel." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35386.
Повний текст джерелаPiva, Roger Honorato. "Zircônia CO-dopada por compensação de cargas nos sistemas (ZrO2)1-(x+y)(InO1,5)x(MOz)y com MOz = TaO2,5, NbO2,5, MoO3 ou WO3, como revestimento para barreira térmica." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8318.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
InO1.5-stabilized zirconia (InSZ) is a potential hot corrosion resistant thermal barrier coating (TBC). However, the thermal instability prevents real applications of InSZ-based TBC. This thesis investigates the hypothesis of co-doping using the charge compensation to improve the phase stability of InSZ. Four co-doping systems were synthesized by coprecipitation and studied: (ZrO2)1-(x+y)(InO1.5)x(MOz)y with MOz = TaO2.5, NbO2.5, MoO3, or WO3. After synthesis, 9 mol% of InO1.5 plus the charge-compensating oxides was sufficient to stabilize the tetragonal phase. Specific surface area up to 106.1 m2.g-1 and crystallite size ~11 nm were achieved using ethanol washing followed by azeotropic distillation as dehydration technique in the precipitates. In these powders, initial thermal stability analysis indicated instability of the tetragonal phase, with extension of the t→m transformation less detrimental in the InMoSZ system. Further increase in the concentration of InO1.5:MoO3 results in monophasic samples with retention of cubic phase in the InMoSZ. Cubic InMoSZ exhibited hardness and thermal expansion coefficient of 13.5% and 9% higher than those of InSZ, respectively. However, thermal treatments at T ≥ 1200 °C showed that the InMoSZ is also passive to destabilization of the high temperature cubic polymorph. Although the cubic InMoSZ was the most promising system found in this thesis, the stability results do not support its application as TBC for temperatures ≥ 1000 ºC. A deep evaluation of the phase transformations between 1000 to 1200 °C indicated that the instability of the proposed systems is due to a progressive c→t→m destabilization of the polymorphs. This c→t→m transformation is directly associated with the reduction of the InO1.5 stabilizer in solid solution by volatilization as In2O during heat treatment. At temperatures ≤ 800 ºC, the c→t phase transformation do not occurs, then, InSZ-based TBC is stable in these conditions.
A zircônia estabilizada com InO1,5 (InSZ) é um material com potencial aplicação como revestimentos para barreira térmica (TBC) resistentes à corrosão. Contudo, a instabilidade de fases impede aplicações industriais da InSZ. Esta tese investiga a ação da co-dopagem por compensação de cargas como uma estratégia para aumentar a estabilidade de fases da InSZ. Quatro sistemas de co-dopagem foram sintetizados por co-precipitação e estudados: (ZrO2)1-(x+y)(InO1,5)x(MOz)y com MOz = TaO2,5, NbO2,5, MoO3 ou WO3. Após a síntese, 9 %mol de InO1,5 somado a concentração de óxidos compensadores de carga foi suficiente para estabilização da fase tetragonal. Área superficial específica de até 106,1 m2.g‒1 e tamanho de cristalitos de ~11 nm foram obtidos utilizando a lavagem com etanol seguida por destilação azeotrópica como técnica de desidratação dos precipitados. Para estes pós, testes de estabilidade térmica indicaram instabilidade da fase tetragonal, com extensão de transformação t→m menos detrimental no sistema InMoSZ. Aumentando gradativamente a concentração de InO1,5-MoO3 na InMoSZ resulta em amostras monofásicas com retenção da fase cúbica. A InMoSZ cúbica exibiu dureza e coeficiente de expansão térmica até 13,5% e 9% superiores aos valores da InSZ, respectivamente. No entanto, tratamentos em temperaturas ≥ 1200 ºC indicaram que a InMoSZ é também suscetível a desestabilização da fase cúbica. Embora a InMoSZ cúbica tenha sido o sistema mais promissor obtido nesta tese, os resultados de estabilidade indicam que sua aplicação como TBC não é possível em temperaturas ≥ 1000 ºC. Uma avaliação detalhada das fases formadas após os tratamentos entre 1000 a 1200 ºC demonstrou que a instabilidade dos sistemas estudados é decorrente de uma transformação progressiva tipo c→t→m. A origem da transformação c→t→m é associada a redução da concentração do estabilizador InO1,5 em solução sólida por volatilização como In2O durante os testes de estabilidade térmica. Em temperaturas ≤ 800 ºC, a transformação c→m não ocorre, neste caso, TBCs baseadas em InSZ são estáveis termicamente para aplicações industriais.
Chambrier, Marie-Hélène. "Analyse structurale au sein du diagramme de phase de La2O3-WO3 et exploration des propriétés de conduction ionique." Le Mans, 2009. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2009/2009LEMA1018.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work deals with the structural exploration of the La2O3-WO3 phase diagram. Indeed, like many phase diagrams, La2O3-WO3 was built in the 70s, but definite compounds structures were not determined and are still unknown. This thesis focus on La2WO6, La18W10O57, La6W2O15 and La10W2O21. These compounds are synthesized as powder by solid state reaction and characterized by X-ray, neutron powder diffraction, gravimetric and differential thermal analysis, T. E. M. And 139La N. M. R. . The structure of the low temperature form named ß-La2WO6 has been determined from laboratory X-ray diffractometer, neutron (T. O. F) and electronic diffraction data. This tungstate crystallizes in a non-centrosymetric orthorhombic space group (n°19) P212121 Z = 8, a = 7,5196(1) Å, b = 10,3476(1) Å, c = 12,7944(2) Å. La18W10O57 which presents 52. 65 WO3 mol% in the binary system La2O3-WO3 in place of the previous reported compound: La14W8O45 53. 3 WO3 mol%. The structure has been determined from synchrotron and laboratory X-ray, neutron, and electron diffraction data. This tungstate crystallizes in the non-centrosymmetric hexagonal space group (n°190) P-62c , with Z = 2, a = 9. 0448(1)Å, c= 32. 6846(3)Å. This compound presents a sub cell c’=c/6= 5. 45Å. Polytypism have been observed concerning this compound by transmission electronic microscopy, ionic conductivity and thermal expansion have been explored. For the 3 allotropic La6W2O15 forms, a structural relation have been established. The a and ß form are solved. The crystal structure of La10W2O21, which has to be reformulated (La5. 667W0. 333)LaWO14??2, is best described, on average, by a 2 x 2 x 2 anion-deficient fluorite-related superstructure cubic cell, space group F 4 3m, Z = 4, a = 11. 17932(6) Å. The La/W mixed site is nicely confirmed by 139La NMR. This compound exibits an interesting fast oxide-ion conducting properties, comparable with LAMOX at low temperature. Different from many ionics conductors, we don’t notice any temperature structural transition. Its conductivity is about 6. 4×10-4 S. Cm-1 at 700°C
Charton, Patrice. "Matériaux vitreux des systèmes TeO2-Ga2O3-WO3 et TeO2-Sb2O4-WO3 pour l'optique non-linéaire : synthèses, caractérisations structurales et mesures physiques." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20046.
Повний текст джерелаBourdin, Marie. "Poudres et films à base d'oxyde de tungstène WO3 pour applications photoniques : photochromisme et électrochromisme." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0013.
Повний текст джерелаIn this study, polyol synthesis is used in order to obtain nanostructured tungsten oxides with a slight oxygen sub-stoichiometry (WO3-x). The particles obtained are blue and have interesting optical properties due to the presence of W5+ ions. The heat treatments of these particles at different temperatures or under different atmospheres allow the modification of their chemical composition and so their optical properties, therefore their color; their hue is ranging from pale yellow for compounds annealed under an oxidizing atmosphere and having only W6+ ions, to black for particles annealed under a reducing atmosphere creating free electrons. Electrochromic and photochromic properties have been characterized on thick or thin films. Thus, the thick films of blue, black and yellow particles show different electroactivities when an electric current is applied. The study of the thin films of WO3-x and “sandwich” film of WO3-x + Ta2O5 reveals an astonishing capacity of our films to absorb in the near infrared range during the photoreduction of the W6+ ions into W5+ ions under UV irradiation. The absorption curves show that photochromism is associated with three absorption phenomena of different energies for the WO3-x film and two phenomena for the “sandwich” film. The study on the reversibility of the phenomenon has also shown a very good ability of our films to reoxidize (discolour) in the ambient air without any thermal or chemical treatment
Teiga, Bruno Cesar [UNESP]. "Síntese e caracterização do sistema vítreo (1-x) NaPO 3 – (x)WO 3." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92019.
Повний текст джерелаOs vidros fosfatos contendo óxido de tungstênio apresentam grande interesse tecnológico devido às suas propriedades térmicas, mecânicas, ópticas e elétricas obtidas pela inserção de átomos de tungstênio dentro da rede vítrea. Neste trabalho foram preparadas amostras vítreas do sistema binário pelo método convencional fusão-resfriamento, variando x = 0, 10, 30 e 60. Os materiais inicialmente em pó foram misturados e aquecidos à temperatura de 400°C por 1h para a remoção de água e gases adsorvidos. Então, foram fundidos à temperatura de 1100°C, o líquido resultante foi mantido a esta temperatura por 1 h para garantir a homogeneização e finalmente o material fundido foi rapidamente resfriado em um molde de latão pré-aquecido abaixo da temperatura de transição vítrea. O recozimento foi realizado nesta temperatura por 1 h para minimizar as tensões mecânicas. As propriedades dielétricas e a dependência da condutividade com a composição química, temperatura e freqüência foram avaliadas pela espectroscopia de impedância (IS). Um mecanismo de condução iônico foi observado para composições de WO3 < 30 %mol. Uma mistura entre os mecanismos de condução iônica e eletrônica foi observada para WO3 > 30 %mol. Aglomerados das unidades de WO6 foram observados nas amostras contendo grandes quantidades de WO3 sugerindo uma possível conexão entre estes aglomerados e os mecanismos de condução. As técnicas espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FT-IR) e difração de raios-X foram usadas para a caracterização no presente trabalho.
Tungsten oxide containing-phosphate glasses present interesting technological because of the specific thermal, mechanical, optical and electrical properties obtained by insertion of tungsten atoms inside the glass network. Vitreous samples of binary system (100 – x) NaPO3 – (x) WO3 were prepared by conventional melt-quenching, varying x = 0, 10, 30 and 60. The powdered starting materials were mixed and heated at 400°C for 1 h to remove water and adsorbed gases. Then, they were melted at temperature around 1100°C, the resulting liquid was keep at that temperature for 1 h to ensure homogenization and finally the melt was rapidly cooled in a brass mold preheated below the glass transition temperature. Annealing was implemented at this temperature for 1 h to minimize mechanical stress. Dielectrics properties and the dependence of the conductivity with chemical composition, temperature and frequency have been evaluated by impedance spectroscopy (IS). An ionic conduction mechanism was observed for composition of WO3 < 30 mol%. A mixed electronic and ionic conductivity mechanism was observed for WO3 > 30 mol%. Clusters of WO6 units were observed in samples with high WO3 content and a possible connection between these clusters and the conduction mechanism has been suggested. In the present work the techniques Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XDR) was used for characterization.
Teiga, Bruno Cesar. "Síntese e caracterização do sistema vítreo (1-x) NaPO 3 - (x)WO 3 /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92019.
Повний текст джерелаBanca: Cláudio Luiz Carvalho
Banca: Silvio Cesar de Oliveira
Resumo: Os vidros fosfatos contendo óxido de tungstênio apresentam grande interesse tecnológico devido às suas propriedades térmicas, mecânicas, ópticas e elétricas obtidas pela inserção de átomos de tungstênio dentro da rede vítrea. Neste trabalho foram preparadas amostras vítreas do sistema binário pelo método convencional fusão-resfriamento, variando x = 0, 10, 30 e 60. Os materiais inicialmente em pó foram misturados e aquecidos à temperatura de 400°C por 1h para a remoção de água e gases adsorvidos. Então, foram fundidos à temperatura de 1100°C, o líquido resultante foi mantido a esta temperatura por 1 h para garantir a homogeneização e finalmente o material fundido foi rapidamente resfriado em um molde de latão pré-aquecido abaixo da temperatura de transição vítrea. O recozimento foi realizado nesta temperatura por 1 h para minimizar as tensões mecânicas. As propriedades dielétricas e a dependência da condutividade com a composição química, temperatura e freqüência foram avaliadas pela espectroscopia de impedância (IS). Um mecanismo de condução iônico foi observado para composições de WO3 < 30 %mol. Uma mistura entre os mecanismos de condução iônica e eletrônica foi observada para WO3 > 30 %mol. Aglomerados das unidades de WO6 foram observados nas amostras contendo grandes quantidades de WO3 sugerindo uma possível conexão entre estes aglomerados e os mecanismos de condução. As técnicas espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FT-IR) e difração de raios-X foram usadas para a caracterização no presente trabalho.
Abstract: Tungsten oxide containing-phosphate glasses present interesting technological because of the specific thermal, mechanical, optical and electrical properties obtained by insertion of tungsten atoms inside the glass network. Vitreous samples of binary system (100 - x) NaPO3 - (x) WO3 were prepared by conventional melt-quenching, varying x = 0, 10, 30 and 60. The powdered starting materials were mixed and heated at 400°C for 1 h to remove water and adsorbed gases. Then, they were melted at temperature around 1100°C, the resulting liquid was keep at that temperature for 1 h to ensure homogenization and finally the melt was rapidly cooled in a brass mold preheated below the glass transition temperature. Annealing was implemented at this temperature for 1 h to minimize mechanical stress. Dielectrics properties and the dependence of the conductivity with chemical composition, temperature and frequency have been evaluated by impedance spectroscopy (IS). An ionic conduction mechanism was observed for composition of WO3 < 30 mol%. A mixed electronic and ionic conductivity mechanism was observed for WO3 > 30 mol%. Clusters of WO6 units were observed in samples with high WO3 content and a possible connection between these clusters and the conduction mechanism has been suggested. In the present work the techniques Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XDR) was used for characterization.
Mestre
Aznar, Écija Ana Isabel. "Crecimiento y caracterización de capas epitaxiales de KRE 1-X 4BX(WO4)2 /KRE (WO4)2 (RE=Y,LU) para aplicaciones láser." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9094.
Повний текст джерелаLos cristales monoclínicos de KRE(WO4)2 con RE=Y, Lu, son materiales utilizados como matrices láser de estado sólido debido a que permiten la substitución parcial o total de uno de los iones de su estructura, por otros iones activos en la emisión láser. Además, presentan una elevada estabilidad química. El objetivo de esta tesis ha sido la obtención de capas de Yb:KYW/KYW y Yb:KLuW/KLuW, de elevada calidad para la posterior realización de experimentos láser. El proceso de crecimiento ha sido optimizado con el principal objetivo de conseguir la máxima concentración de ión activo en las capas epitaxiales. Éstas han sido caracterizadas estructural y espectroscópicamente, mostrando resultados prometedores para la emisión láser.
La última parte de esta tesis se ha dedicado al estudio de los experimentos láser, en los que hemos conseguido obtener radiación láser con una longitud de onda alrededor de los 1030 nm con una elevada pendiente de eficiencia, la cual en algunos casos ha excedido las publicadas previamente para los correspondientes monocristales dopados con iterbio.
Keywords: Top Seeded Solution Growth, Liquid Phase Epitaxy, KRE(WO4)2, Materiales láser.
In the past few years, optically active thin layers have attracted much attention due to the possibility of using it in the integrated optics as well as thin disk laser technology. The thin disk laser concept need layers hundreds of microns thick highly doped with active ions and high absorption and emission cross section. The lasers based on thin films have the advantage of high beam quality with high efficiency, making possible to obtain high power with low thermal lensing.
The crystals of the monoclinic tungstates, such as KRE(WO4)2 with RE=Y, Lu, are attractive materials to be used as solid state host doped with lanthanide ions as ytterbium due to the possibility of obtaining highly doped active media.
The aim of this thesis is to investigate how to obtain thin layers of Yb:KYW/KYW and Yb:KLuW/KLuW, with quality enough for laser experiments. The growth process has been optimized in order to obtain crystalline layers with high ytterbium concentration. Structural and spectroscopic properties of these layers have been studied, suggesting that laser emission can be achieved.
The last part of thesis is dedicated to study the laser experiments. We have achieved laser emission around 1030 nm with high slope efficiency, which in some cases exceeded the reported for the ytterbium doped bulk crystals
Keywords: Top Seeded Solution Growth, Liquid Phase Epitaxy, KRE(WO4)2, Laser materials
Ramzan, Mohammed. "Characterization of electroceramics using impedance spectroscopy : photochromic tungsten trioxide (WO₃₋x) materials for sensor applications." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400156.
Повний текст джерелаMasdeu, Paola. "Förebilder som bär bikinis : Claremonts X-(Wo)Men,Phoenix, Shadowcat och Storm." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Gender, Culture and History, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1015.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this study is to analyse how pornography is used in the American comics X-Men, published by Marvel under the authorship of Chris Claremont.
I have applied Butler and MacKinnons theories about pornography as a performative speech, to this special art form. I have also investigated how censorship has influenced the comics evolution and whether it has affected the way women and sexual and ethnical minorities are represented. To corroborate how these theories apply, I have analysed three main female fig-ures in The X-Men comics - Storm, Phoenix and Shadowcat - and I have tried to identify how they relate to existing stereotypes.
The conclusion of this essay is that the women characters in X-Men break the existing stereo-types and create new implications. This reinforces Butler’s theory about the possibility to re-verse hate speech and diminishes MacKinnons perspective of pornography as an imperative.
Carrier, Xavier. "Phenomenes a l'interface oxyde/solution aqueuse lors de la preparation de catalyseurs supportes : apports de la geochimie application a la preparation de catalyseurs moo x/al 2o 3 et wo x/al 2o 3." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066437.
Повний текст джерелаHahn, Tobias [Verfasser], Evgenii V. [Akademischer Betreuer] Kondratenko, Reinhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Schomäcker, and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Grünert. "Metathese von Ethen und 2-Buten zu Propen an geträgerten MoO x - und WO x -haltigen Katalysatoren : Katalysatordesign und Mechanismus / Tobias Hahn. Betreuer: Evgenii V. Kondratenko ; Reinhard Schomäcker. Gutachter: Evgenii V. Kondratenko ; Reinhard Schomäcker ; Wolfgang Grünert." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1078950393/34.
Повний текст джерелаRoussel, Pascal. "Cristallogenèse et études structurales des bronzes phosphatés de tungstène (PO 2) 4(WO 3) 2 M ET A X(PO 2) 4(WO 3) 2 M (A = NA, K, PB) : modulations et ondes de densité de charge." Caen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CAEN2034.
Повний текст джерелаTong, Jun-Yan, and 童鈞彥. "The catalytic properties of nanocrystalline WO3-x,Pt/WO3-x and Pd/WO-x particles." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74890747071949440866.
Повний текст джерелаCheng, Chin-Hua, and 鄭錦華. "Investigations of Sol-gel WO3-x-TiO2 Nanomaterials on AAO Template." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73779669811449629220.
Повний текст джерела逢甲大學
材料科學所
99
In the present study, tungsten oxide, titania, and tungsten oxide-titania nanotube (NT) or nanorod (NR) were fabricated on anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template by sol-gel technique. Experimental results shows that commercial aluminum sheet can be prepared into AAO template using oxalic acid and phosphorous acid solution. After pore-widening with various time, the pore size by anodizing in oxalic and phosphorous acid solutions were ranged from 47 to 103 nm and 110 to 250 nm, respectively. The porosity were in the range of 6.2 ~ 43.3 % and 10.0 ~ 60.9 %, respectively. By both methods, the pores can arrange uniformly. After pore widening in phosphorous acid solution for 60 minutes, the pore size is 175 ± 30 nm with a porosity of 36.4 % and pore density of 4.23 x 1014 cm-2, and is suitable to be used as templates to grow nanorod or nanotube. Tungsten oxide NT and NR were successfully grown on AAO template by sol-gel process. The results showed that tungsten oxide NT and NR are amorphous after heat treating at 200 or 300 oC and exhibit monoclinic WO3 phase after heat treating at 400 and 550 oC. Meanwhile, titania NT and NR exhibit anatase phase after heat treating at a temperature ranged from 200 to 550 oC. Preparation of tungsten oxide-titania composite NR were attempted by using various kinds of precursors including tungsten hexachloride, sodium tungstate dihydrate, ammonium tungsten oxide, titanium(IV) tetrafluoride, and titanium(IV) n-butoxide. A combination of titanium(IV) tetrafluoride and sodium tungstate dihydrate precursors can fabricate successfully composite NR where oxygen, titanium, and tungsten elements are distributed homogeneously.
Chao-WeiTing and 丁照緯. "Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Single-Crystalline WO3-x Nanowires via Thermal Evaporation and Their Physical Properties." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n6mmes.
Повний текст джерела國立成功大學
材料科學及工程學系
106
In our study, oxygen-vacancy-rich tungsten oxide nanowires were synthesized on Si via grain-by-grain thermal evaporation method without any catalyst; also, WO3-x nanowires were grown on W foil as comparison on their physical properties and growth mechanism. In the SEM cross-section images, we have clearly found that there is no thin film formation in the growth mechanism of tungsten oxide grown on Si. It shows that this process is a new grain-by-grain thermal evaporation method which nanowires grown from the previously deposited tiny nanoparticles. Surprisingly, the oxygen-vacancy-rich tungsten oxide nanowires grown on Si were found to have unusual W5+ dominated energy bond and the ratio of tungsten to oxygen was about 5:13 based on XPS analysis. TEM studies show that the lattice arrays of oxygen-vacancy-rich tungsten oxide nanowires grown on Si were crystalline, while those of WO3-x nanowires grown on W foil were improved in terms of crystallization with increase of growth temperature. We demonstrated this result with XRD analysis as well. For physical property measurements, the oxygen-vacancy-rich nanowire grown on Si had a very low resistivity of 7.03 x 10-4 Ω ‧ cm, while the resistivity of WO3-x nanowires grown on W decreased as the growth temperature rises. Additionally, we found that WO3-x nanowires exhibit different magnetic properties depending on the valence state of tungsten. Notably, the oxygen-vacancy-rich tungsten oxide nanowires grown on Si possessed special antiferromagnetic properties. For visible light photocatalytic applications, the WO3-x nanowires grown on W at the lowest temperature have the best degradation efficiency to methylene blue solution.
Hung, Chung-Jung, and 洪崇榮. "Investigation of complementary electrochromic properties of WO3-x/LiBO2:LiF/NiOz multilayer film prepared by R.F magnetron sputtering." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47702855259287540197.
Повний текст джерела義守大學
材料科學與工程學系碩士班
96
Electrochromic (EC) materials are able to change their optical properties by the application of an electrical voltage. When the applied voltage has become reverse bias, the optical properties induced reversibly. This kind of coloration was called “Electrochromism”. Recently, the performance of devices has been improved through deposition of multilayers. This allows the property of the devices can be enhanced or complementary. This work is aimed at the fabrication of such an all solid state EC device with complementary structure by using WO3-x film (colouring under charge insertion, electrochromic film), NiOZ film (colouring under charge extraction, sub-electrochromic film), and (LiBO2:LiF) film (as the ion conductor). All films used for the construction of an EC device were prepared with different O2/Ar ratio by RF magnetron sputtering. We also focus on the effect of LiF doping on the property of electrochromic devices, and will discuss the relations between the microstructure, coloration efficiency of the EC device and the concentration of Li+. Experimental results indicated that the tungsten oxide films showed good reversibility. At the O2/Ar ratio of 2.5, the transmission change between colored and bleached states at a wavelength of 550 nm was more than 36 %.
Bento, Marisa Isabel dos Santos Garcia. "How different generations contact and search for brands on social media? Comparing gen X and Y." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/17222.
Повний текст джерела