Статті в журналах: "Wireline logging"

1

Tran, Lydie. "Wireline Logging on CD." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 27, no. 1-2 (July 2000): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-4105(00)00005-x.

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2

Kück, Jochem, Marco Groh, Martin Töpfer, Andreas Jurczyk, and Ulrich Harms. "New geophysical memory-logging system for highly unstable and inclined scientific exploration drilling." Scientific Drilling 29 (April 26, 2021): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sd-29-39-2021.

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Abstract. We established a cable-free memory-logging system for drill-string-deployed geophysical borehole measurements. For more than 20 years, various so-called “logging while tripping” (LWT) techniques have been available in the logging service industry. However, this method has rarely been used in scientific drilling, although it enables logging in deviated and unstable boreholes, such as in lacustrine sediment drilling projects. LWT operations have a far lower risk of damage or loss of downhole logging equipment compared with the common wireline logging. For this purpose, we developed, tested, and commissioned a modular memory-logging system that does not require drill string modifications, such as special collars, and can be deployed in standard wireline core drilling diameters (HQ, bit size of 96 mm, and PQ, bit size of 123 mm). The battery-powered, autonomous sondes register the profiles of the natural GR (gamma radiation) spectrum, sonic velocity, magnetic susceptibility, electric resistivity, temperature, and borehole inclination in high quality while they are pulled out along with the drill string. As a precise depth measurement carried out in the drill rig is just as important as the actual petrophysical downhole measurements, we developed depth-measuring devices providing a high accuracy of less than 0.1 m deviation from the wireline-determined depth. Moreover, the modular structure of the system facilitates sonde deployment in online mode for wireline measurements.

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3

DANYLIV, Serhiy, Volodymyr KARMAZENKO, Oleg STASIV, Maksym BONDARENKO, and Volodymyr КULYK. "APPARATUS-METHODICAL COMPLEXES TO DETERMINE PETROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF HYDROCARBON RESERVOIRS WHILE DRILLING AND IN CASED BOREHOLES." Ukrainian Geologist, no. 1-2(44-45) (June 30, 2021): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.53087/ug.2021.1-2(44-45).238935.

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The results of the development of apparatus-methodical complexes for the topical trends of geophysical borehole research, namely logging while drilling and wireline logging in cased boreholes, are presented. The complexes are based on the use of radioactive logging methods, which are effective in the presence of steel pipes in the borehole (integral gamma-ray logging, neutron-neutron logging, neutron-gamma logging and density logging). Combined tools for logging while drilling (LWD-KPRK-48, diameter 48 mm) and wireline logging in cased wells (WL-KPRK-42, diameter 42 mm) have been developed. The grading characteristics of the tools for typical logging conditions were obtained. The main elements of interpreting-methodological support have been developed to determining the petrophysical parameters of oil and gas reservoirs: shaliness, density, porosity, type of saturation, etc. The borehole tests have demostrated high information capacity and efficiency of developed complexes.

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4

Tan, Baohai, Kai Zhang, Yuanda Su, Shengqing Li, and Lijun Zhang. "Research on acoustic logging while drilling transmitting technologies." Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 19, no. 3 (June 2022): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jge/gxac034.

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Abstract Acoustic logging while drilling (LWD) technology plays an important role in oil and gas exploration and development. Compared to traditional wireline logging, LWD must address more additional crucial problems, such as great noise confusions. This paper studies a series of technologies to improve the transmitting performances of LWD tools. First, we verified that the shear wave remote detection technology successfully adopted in wireline logging was also suitable for LWD, which could significantly expand its detection range. In addition, we calculated its dominant excitation frequency bands, which were different with wireline logging. Second, a class AB push–pull excitation circuit was designed. The results demonstrated that this circuit could obtain ideal excitation signals for LWD transmitting transducers. Furthermore, the signal shapes, excitation frequencies and cycle amounts are easily to adjust. In this study, we proposed a broadband impedance matching technology to solve the impedance mismatching problem between the excitation circuits and the excitation transducer. Acoustic experiments showed that this technology improved emitting powers of LWD transducers significantly.

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5

Tang, Xiao-Ming, Chen Li, and Douglas J. Patterson. "A curve-fitting technique for determining dispersion characteristics of guided elastic waves." GEOPHYSICS 75, no. 3 (May 2010): E153—E160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3420736.

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We have developed a novel curve-fitting method to estimate dispersion characteristics of guided elastic waves and investigate its application to field wireline and logging while drilling (LWD) acoustic data processing. In an elastic waveguide such as a fluid-filled borehole with a logging tool, the frequency dispersion of a guided-wave mode is characterized by a monotonically varying dispersion curve bounded by its low- and high-frequency limits. The detailed behavior of the curves relates to various elastic/acoustic parameters of the complicated waveguide structure. The novelty of the proposed technique is that it simulates the multiparameter dispersion curve using a simple analytical function that has only four parameters. By adjusting the four parameters to fit the actual wave dispersion data, the wave’s dispersion characteristics can be satisfactorily determined. The result of this simple approach leads to several important applications in acoustic logging. The first is to correct the dispersion effect in the shear-wave velocity from wireline dipole acoustic logging. The second application obtains P-wave velocity from the dispersive leaky compressional-wave data from wireline or LWD measurements. Third, the technique is applied to obtain shear-wave velocity from LWD quadrupole shear-wave logging. Finally, the technique is applicable to layered waveguide structures encountered in surface seismic exploration.

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6

Denney, Dennis. "Wireline-Tractor Production Logging in Horizontal Wells." Journal of Petroleum Technology 51, no. 03 (March 1, 1999): 80–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0399-0080-jpt.

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7

Williams, G. Bob, Purabi Bora, and Omprakash Sahu. "A Solution to Tough Logging Conditions (Lwf): Intro to Tough Logging Conditions, Logging While Fishing, Operation Procedure and Conditions." Sumerianz Journal of Scientific Research, no. 44 (November 15, 2021): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjsr.44.95.103.

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This review work summarised new generation logging techniques such Tough Logging Conditions (TLC) & Logging While Fishing (LWF) and their advancement in drilling operations. The production of Oil & gas from the stage of exploration to production should need a lot of data for economic and safe operations. The conditions of the sub-surface cannot be simply predicted unless with some measured parameters under the LOGGING term. Logging is defined as a continuous record of Petro’s physical parameters of rock against time and depth. Instead of conventional logging techniques of wireline such as SP, Gamma-ray, Neutron, Calliper log, etc, logging while drilling, logging while fishing set them aside of their extended applications. Logging while Fishing is a new generation technology that allows unfailing operations of logging tool by a special installation even in cut and thread operation also aids economic and time enhancement. Tough logging conditions are a technique applied either when the hole has highly deviated or when you need to control the position of a tool. This project includes the study and interpretation of above discussed new generation logs. These tools offer all types of logging carried out on wireline except the SP logging. Logging while drilling provides real-time measurements of physical parameters while drilling operation itself which avoids an additional running of tools causing trips and sticking of drill pipe. The data is stored in the bottom assembled logging tool.

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8

Nguyen, Thanh Thi Ngoc, and Luan Thi Bui. "Evaluation of the sedimentary environment of the block 102 of Song Hong basin by petrophysics." Science and Technology Development Journal 18, no. 4 (December 30, 2015): 84–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v18i4.930.

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Interpretation of wireline logging data supported to recover the sedimentary environment of block 102 of Song Hong basin. It inchided in determination of the spatial distribution of source, reservoir and cap rocks and an indispensable part in oil exploration of this area. Resulted wireline logging data showed some sedimentary environment units as the following The late Oligocene was delta environment. It was identified as forming delta plain, swamp to lacustrine. The middle Miocene had changed to shallow water marine environment, which formed the shoreface, tidal flat, lagoon and channel. The lower Miocene was aluvial environment that changed into fluvial and coastal plain.

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9

Danilovskiy, Kirill, Vyacheslav Glinskikh, and Oleg Nechaev. "EVALUATION OF THE BKS LWD TOOL SPATIAL RESOLUTION BASED ON THE NUMERICAL SIMULATION RESULTS." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 2, no. 3 (2019): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-2-3-89-94.

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Reservoir microimaging tools are currently one of the most high-tech devices used in wireline logging and logging-while-drilling. Based on a three-dimensional numerical simulation, the spatial resolution of the first Russian lateral scanning logging-while drilling tool was estimated. An algorithm for constructing a geoelectric model with an arbitrary distribution of electrical resistivity in the near-wellbore space is described.

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10

Hartog, Arthur, Bernard Frignet, Duncan Mackie, and Mike Clark. "Vertical seismic optical profiling on wireline logging cable." Geophysical Prospecting 62, no. 4 (May 25, 2014): 693–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.12141.

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11

Novikov, A. V., D. N. Gubinsky, and E. A. Zaray. "Logging while drilling – efficient time management and reliable base for estimating volumetric parameters of a reservoir." Actual Problems of Oil and Gas, no. 34 (November 30, 2021): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29222/ipng.2078-5712.2021-34.art4.

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The relevance and economic efficiency of the technology of recording geophysical parameters while drilling are shown. A comparative analysis of the input geophysical data recorded while and after drilling in directional wells is carried out. The main conclusions from the analysis of reservoir properties and net pays identified based on wireline logging (WL) and logging while drilling (LWD) data are presented.

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12

Szabó, Norbert Péter, and Mihály Dobróka. "Series Expansion-Based Genetic Inversion of Wireline Logging Data." Mathematical Geosciences 51, no. 6 (October 22, 2018): 811–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11004-018-9768-4.

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13

Owens, J., G. Parry, and B. Taylor. "Extreme High-Pressure and/or High-Temperature Wireline-Data Acquisition: Planning for Success." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 17, no. 04 (July 9, 2014): 444–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/159127-pa.

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Summary Data acquisition in extreme environments of high pressure and/or high temperature (HPHT) with pressures up to 30,000 psi and temperatures up to 500°F requires not only specialist technology capable of surviving these conditions but also many months of preparation and planning to ensure a successful operation. The aim of this publication is to provide an overview of what is involved in the planning, preparation, and execution of an extreme HPHT wireline data acquisition—from the customer setting the information objectives through to data delivery. This includes developing an agreed quality plan between the data provider and the customer covering testing and deployment of the latest extreme HPHT logging equipment. One must consider all aspects to minimize risks including detailed tailoring of the logging programs to manage time in hole, to ensure accurate depth control, and, by using a deployment risk-management process, to ensure that what goes in the hole comes out again. The implementation of these procedures is illustrated with a case history of a series of HPHT exploration wells drilled in the Central Graben of the North Sea (the "HPHT Heartland" of the North Sea). Bottomhole conditions were predicted to approach 400°F and 15,000 psi. These extreme conditions negated the use of conventional wireline tools, and so, from initial early planning discussions between client and service provider, new detailed programs were designed and implemented as a specific "Quality Plan" to use the advanced HPHT wireline-logging tools.

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14

Pardo, David, Pawel J. Matuszyk, Carlos Torres-Verdin, Angel Mora, Ignacio Muga, and Victor M. Calo. "Influence of borehole-eccentred tools on wireline and logging-while-drilling sonic logging measurements." Geophysical Prospecting 61 (February 13, 2013): 268–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.12022.

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15

Zhang, Wenzhe, Jiajia Feng, Shan Gao, Zhongzheng Wang, and Jiarui Cheng. "Force Analysis of Logging Cable in Deep Well." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2076, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2076/1/012092.

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Abstract With the increase of deep wells, high temperature and high pressure wells and complex wells, the demand for logging is also increasing. Wireline logging is an important technical means to obtain downhole data in the process of petroleum testing. This paper establishes a cable mechanics model by analyzing the main influencing factors of the cable force in the inclined well section or the vertical well section. Calculate the lifting power of the tool. Through logging calculation, the force change law of the downhole cable and tool string is obtained when the wellhead pressure changes.

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16

Soares, Marshall, Randy Normann, and Bruce Ohme. "A 225C Geothermal Logging Tool." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2016, HiTEC (January 1, 2016): 000028–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2016-hitec-28.

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Abstract Geothermal logging tools are difficult to develop due to sustained high temperature operation. Recent commercial component offerings are significantly altering the high temperature geothermal tool problem. This paper implements a new baseline geothermal tool circuit working with five 225C, SOI components. An example tool including up to four spinners (fluid flow measurement), four analog inputs (for pressure, temperature or other sensors), EEPROM storage (program and data), FSK logic (wireline data transmission), and a high-speed UART (tool communication). Field updates of code and calibration constants are supported. Further, this paper demonstrates how the tool electronics can be expanded for more complex applications such as a geothermal well logging camera.

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17

Bin Tajul Amar, Zarool Hassan. "The Benefits of Logging While Drilling (LWD) for Formation Evaluation in the Dulang West Field." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 1, no. 06 (December 1, 1998): 496–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/52567-pa.

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Summary Ever since the first electric log was run in 1927, the oil industry relied on wireline-conveyed logging for the acquisition of formation data for petrophysical analysis. It was not until 1978 that the first measurement while drilling (MWD) tools were introduced in the field. The industry did not pay too much attention to them then because they did not offer sufficient information for petrophysical analysis. Furthermore, the reliability of such tools was notimpressive and their cost was unattractive. However, over the last 6 years, the drilling services industry has shifted its focus from just directional MWD to a complete directional and logging while drilling (LWD) package. The LWD tools that are built into special drill collars provide measurements of resistivity, neutron, density, and gamma ray. Significant improvements in the reliability of the tools and competitive pricing, as compared to conventional wireline logging, has offered advantages in running LWD in fields that have drilling and completion constraints (e.g., borehole stability) or difficult well trajectories. This paper discusses the benefits to Petronas Carigali of using LWD for formation evaluation. In the development of the Dulang West field, LWD was used extensively to acquire formation log data. The quality of the data and cost savings are addressed. A comparison between the wireline-conveyed and LWD data acquired in this field is also presented. The acquisition of formation data by use of LWD in Dulang West has made a significant contribution to the overall cost per barrel of oil produced, without compromising data quality. P. 496

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18

Bondarenko, М., V. Кulyk, O. Dmytrenko, S. Danyliv, O. Stasiv, and V. Karmazenko. "PHYSICAL MODELING FOR DENSITY MEASUREMENT OF NEAR-SURFACE ROCKS, BY WIRELINE LOGGING AND LOGGING WHILE DRILLING." Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, no. 1 (92) (2021): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.92.05.

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The results of the creation of full-scale physical models of rocks for the calibration of combined tools of radioactive logging, which include density logging, are presented. Four sets of models were built for different logging problems. 1. Models of porous carbonate reservoirs with borehole (diameter 216 mm), equipped with interchangeable simulators of casing columns (146 mm і 168 mm) with cement sheath and tubing. The models are aimed to calibrate wireline logging tools for investigating the section of uncased and cased oil&gas wells. 2. Models of rocks of different density with borehole (160 mm), equipped with interchangeable drill collars (120 mm, 108 mm, 89 mm). The models are designed to calibrate density tools for logging while drilling horizontal oil&gas wells. 3. Universal models of porous carbonate reservoirs, crossed by holes of three diameters (200 mm, 160 mm, 125 mm). The purpose of the models is to calibrate wireline logging tools for investigation of section of uncased and cased oil&gas wells and tools for logging while drilling horizontal oil&gas wells. 4. Models of near-surface rocks of different density, equipped with a steel pipe (diameter of 51 mm) closely fitting to rock. The purpose of the models is to calibrate density tools for investigation of near-surface rocks when solving engineering-geological, seismic microzoning, ecological, etc problems. Physical models were designed and constructed by the employees of the Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine together with partner organizations. The regular use of the models is due to the active work carried out by the Institute of Geophysics, together with partners, to create apparatus-methodical complexes of radioactive logging, which include the density logging. Graduation relationships and calibration functions for new density logging tools, obtained on the constructed physical models, as well as examples of density determination in different well conditions when solving research-and-production problems, are given.

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19

Denney, Dennis. "Wireline Well-Tractor Technology for Horizontal-Well Logging and Intervention." Journal of Petroleum Technology 49, no. 11 (November 1, 1997): 1258–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1197-1258-jpt.

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20

Walker, M. J. "ADVANCES IN WIRELINE DATA ACQUISITION IN SYNTHETIC-BASED MUD SYSTEMS AND STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVED FORMATION EVALUATION." APPEA Journal 39, no. 1 (1999): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj98028.

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With the growth in popularity of synthetic-based mud (SBM) systems in Australia, and the emergence of more advanced wireline logging tools, there is an expectation that better hole conditions will give rise to better value- for-money evaluation programs. This is certainly true from the drilling cost perspective, where a logging job can be completed without need for 'wiper' trips to recondition the hole. However, in order to extract maximum value from the latest generation of logging tools, careful attention needs to be applied to the formation evaluation program.There have been some unexpected results from the wireline data quality viewpoint, with some positive results mixed with outcomes that fell below expectation, both linked to the complex nature of the synthetic-based mud recipes. Contrary to intuition, good quality electrical images may be obtained in synthetic-based muds, and some mud additives used to stop filtrate loss can seriously degrade the quality of acoustic images that are traditionally run in SBMs. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance works well in SBMs, especially where invasion is kept to a minimum. Holes drilled with SBMs do not normally display borehole ellipticity, which may be used to infer tectonic stress directions. However, oriented cross dipole shear-weave logging is able to detect azimuthal anisotropy, which may be related to tectonic stress, in holes with a circular profile.There are trade-offs using different SBM recipes, which will impact on formation evaluation programs. Close consultation with the logging contractor and mud company, as far ahead of the drilling of the well as possible is recommended to ensure a satisfactory outcome.

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21

Fang, Xinding, and Arthur Cheng. "Detection of formation S-wave in a slow formation using a monopole acoustic logging-while-drilling tool." GEOPHYSICS 83, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): D9—D16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2017-0300.1.

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Acoustic logging-while-drilling (LWD) is a technology that is used to measure formation elastic properties during drilling. When the formation shear slowness is smaller than the borehole fluid slowness (i.e., fast formation), monopole logging can be used to obtain formation compressional and shear slownesses by measuring the corresponding refracted waves. In a slow formation in which the shear slowness is larger than the borehole fluid slowness, other logging methods, such as quadrupole LWD, are used instead for shear slowness measurement due to the lack of a fully refracted S-wave. Through modeling analysis, we find that the transmitted S-wave generated by a monopole LWD tool in a slow formation can be detected and used to measure the formation shear slowness. This phenomenon can be explained by Huygens’ principle, which states that every point on a wavefront can be considered as a secondary source that induces particle motion. It is hard to discern the transmitted S-wave in monopole wireline data because it strongly interferes with the Stoneley mode in wireline logging. However, the transmitted S-wave decouples from the Stoneley in the LWD environment because the drill collar slows down the low-frequency part of the Stoneley mode. The nondispersive nature of the transmitted S-wave makes it suitable for shear slowness extraction using time semblance analysis, but sophisticated signal preprocessing might be needed because this wave is generally weak compared with the Stoneley wave. Moreover, our study helps us better understand how the Stoneley mode behaves and interferes with other modes in a slow formation under LWD conditions.

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22

Niculescu, Bogdan Mihai, and Victor Mocanu. "Characterization of Pliocene Biogenic Gas Reservoirs from the Western Black Sea Shelf (Romanian Offshore) by Integration of Well Logs and Core Data." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 6629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206629.

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The successful interpretation of open-hole well logging data relies on jointly using all available petrophysical and geological information. This paper presents relevant case studies related to the integration of well logs with core measurements for exploration wells drilled in the Romanian continental shelf area of the Western Black Sea basin. The analyzed wells targeted gas-bearing sands and silts complexes of Early Pliocene (Dacian) age, developed in a deltaic to shallow marine sedimentary environment in two distinct fields. The wireline logging programs included conventional formation evaluation logs, pressure surveys, nuclear magnetic resonance, and borehole electrical imaging logs. The core dataset comprised routine and special measurements (porosity, grain density, permeability, water saturation, and Archie parameters) carried out at quasi-reservoir confining pressure. The wireline logging suites were interpreted via a deterministic workflow, including core-derived interpretation parameters. Other core-derived parameters were used for constraining and validating the log interpretations. The results show that a problem related to the ambiguity of formation water resistivity can be overcome through resistivity–porosity dependencies constructed to include potential aquifer zones in the proximity of the Dacian gas-bearing reservoirs. This study also revealed and quantified uncertainties regarding the estimation of gas–water contacts from formation pressure surveys, which can be mitigated by the confirmation or correction of pressure-derived fluid contacts via the well log interpretation results. Lastly, we identified a probable resistivity logs suppression effect related both to high contents of capillary-bound water and also to the limited resolution of electrical logging tools in the presence of sand-shale thin bedding or laminations.

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23

Niculescu, Bogdan Mihai, and Victor Mocanu. "Characterization of Pliocene Biogenic Gas Reservoirs from the Western Black Sea Shelf (Romanian Offshore) by Integration of Well Logs and Core Data." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 6629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206629.

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The successful interpretation of open-hole well logging data relies on jointly using all available petrophysical and geological information. This paper presents relevant case studies related to the integration of well logs with core measurements for exploration wells drilled in the Romanian continental shelf area of the Western Black Sea basin. The analyzed wells targeted gas-bearing sands and silts complexes of Early Pliocene (Dacian) age, developed in a deltaic to shallow marine sedimentary environment in two distinct fields. The wireline logging programs included conventional formation evaluation logs, pressure surveys, nuclear magnetic resonance, and borehole electrical imaging logs. The core dataset comprised routine and special measurements (porosity, grain density, permeability, water saturation, and Archie parameters) carried out at quasi-reservoir confining pressure. The wireline logging suites were interpreted via a deterministic workflow, including core-derived interpretation parameters. Other core-derived parameters were used for constraining and validating the log interpretations. The results show that a problem related to the ambiguity of formation water resistivity can be overcome through resistivity–porosity dependencies constructed to include potential aquifer zones in the proximity of the Dacian gas-bearing reservoirs. This study also revealed and quantified uncertainties regarding the estimation of gas–water contacts from formation pressure surveys, which can be mitigated by the confirmation or correction of pressure-derived fluid contacts via the well log interpretation results. Lastly, we identified a probable resistivity logs suppression effect related both to high contents of capillary-bound water and also to the limited resolution of electrical logging tools in the presence of sand-shale thin bedding or laminations.

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24

Glover, Paul W. J. "Wireline Logging. S. Boyer (ed.). CD-ROM 1999. Editions Technip, Paris." Petroleum Geoscience 6, no. 2 (June 2000): 189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/petgeo.6.2.189.

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25

Zhang, Zhijuan, Ning Yuan, and Richard Liu. "Application of OpenMP to Wireline Triaxial Induction Logging in 1D Layered Anisotropic Medium." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/864748.

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Efficient and accurate forward modeling of logging tool responses is essential for data inversion in the log data interpretation in both real time and postprocessing. With the aggressive advancement of various high-performance computing techniques and computer hardware technology, it is possible to significantly improve the efficiency of the forward modeling. In this paper, we apply OpenMP to parallelize the simulation of triaxial induction logging tools in 1D multilayered anisotropic formation. The parallel process is explained in detail and numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effect of the parallel programming. Comparison of the original code and the parallel code shows that the latter is much faster without loss of accuracy, which is very promising for future real-time inversion.

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26

Carpenter, Chris. "Static Measurements Enhance Saturation and Permeability Interpretation." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 08 (August 1, 2021): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0821-0046-jpt.

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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 202683, “Marrying the Static and Dynamic Worlds: Enhancing Saturation and Permeability Interpretation Using a Combination of Multifrequency Dielectric, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and Wireline Formation Testers,” by Hassan Mostafa, Ghassan Al-Jefri, SPE, and Tania Felix Menchaca, SPE, ADNOC, et al., prepared for the 2020 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, held virtually 9–12 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Accurate water saturation evaluation and permeability profiling are crucial factors in determining volumetrics and productivity of multiple, stacked carbonate reservoirs offshore Abu Dhabi and derisking reservoir management. The case study presented in the complete paper illustrates how the integration of static measurements, such as dielectric dispersion and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with dynamic measurements improves understanding of reservoir properties and supports more-accurate reservoir evaluation. Sampling and downhole fluid analysis (DFA) performed by wireline formation tester (WFT) identifies the fluid and rock properties in various flow units. Field Background and Challenges Optimal field development requires accurate estimations of water saturation and permeability. In this greenfield, the hydrocarbon is generally oil (medium to light) with very low asphaltene content. Overall, the reservoir quality is controlled by a combination of depositional environment, sequence stratigraphy, and diagenesis. Some reservoirs have good porosity, but reconciliation of log-based water saturation results with well-test results has been an issue. The objective in this case study was to drill a pilot hole for data gathering in a poorly characterized field location. Phase I included drilling a hole with a 55° deviation to cover all reservoirs for data gathering only, with the openhole reservoir section then being plugged and abandoned. Phase II of the plan was to sidetrack and complete the well as dual water-injector boreholes. In the reservoir section of the pilot borehole, a variety of logs was acquired for evaluation, including both logging-while-drilling and wireline measurements. While drilling, triple- combination data were acquired, consisting of gamma ray, resistivity, and nuclear logs (density neutron) along with resistivity images. The wireline-logging program was carried out in two stages to avoid differential sticking. In the first stage, the WFT was used to acquire 10 pressure points, seven points in the first reservoir and three points in the second. Two DFA stations were also recorded in Zone 1 to confirm whether the oil/water contact was deeper than expected. Logging was conducted using a high-tension wireline cable, which facilitates quicker accessibility to the openhole sections. In the second stage, multiple wireline runs were performed for the formation evaluation of the complete section, followed by the WFT pressure and fluid-sampling run on the drillpipe conveyance. Another critical challenge was to obtain accurate water saturations in the heterogeneous, minor, thin reservoirs, which are bounded by dense layers above and below and cause shoulder-bed effects. The third challenge in this well was to obtain an accurate, continuous, and representative permeability profile for the multiple reservoirs. WFT mini-drillstem test (DST) stations along with NMR logs were used to address this important requirement.

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杨, 添微. "A Review of Application of Machine Learning in Wireline Logging Formation Evaluation." Journal of Oil and Gas Technology 42, no. 02 (2020): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/jogt.2020.422013.

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Davydycheva, Sofia, and Tsili Wang. "A fast modeling method to solve Maxwell's equations in 1D layered biaxial anisotropic medium." GEOPHYSICS 76, no. 5 (September 2011): F293—F302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2010-0280.1.

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A fast 1D electromagnetic modeling method has been developed and tested. It allows simulating triaxial responses of induction and propagation resistivity logging tools for both logging-while-drilling and wireline applications. An important new feature of the method is its ability to model resistivity tool responses in 1D biaxial anisotropic medium, whose anisotropy tensor has up to three different principal values. This feature is particularly useful to evaluate fractured formations. A few possible implementations of the method have been suggested. The modeling code has been extensively tested versus three other independent modeling methods. The new method demonstrates a high sensitivity of transverse and cross couplings of triaxial tensor measurement to all three principal values of the conductivity tensor.

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Martin, Steve J., Pei-Chea Tran, and Steven Marshall. "Operational efficiency improvement by using logging while drilling (LWD) fluid sampling and pressure-testing device." APPEA Journal 54, no. 2 (2014): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj13116.

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Abstract An operator in Asia Pacific required a large sample volume from a gas reservoir for accurate non-hydrocarbon gas (NHCG) content analysis from two extended reach wells. This extended abstract highlights the use of an LWD fluid sampling and formation pressure-testing device to overcome numerous challenges, including a highly deviated wellbore, stuck pipe, oil-based mud (OBM) gas-sampling issues, and prevention of geo-chemical absorption. Application The choice to use an LWD fluid sampler was based on several factors that reduced significant risks. Due to the well’s deviated nature, the only traditional wireline fluid sampling solution would have required a pipe-conveyed logging mechanism. This would have added rig days to the project and increased the risk of stuck pipe. To prevent geo-chemical absorption, the storage tanks were manufactured with a specialised metallurgic design. This would be tested by applying a customer-requested coating to half the tanks and monitor differences in geo-chemical content. To prevent differential sticking, testing sequences would be limited to 90-minute intervals. Results, observations, and conclusions After two runs in separate wells, a total of 25 samples were acquired containing more than 19 litres of fluid. Due to the reduced invasion profile as a result of LWD technology, fluid stability was reached within the 90-minute threshold. Furthermore, results showed only 8% OBM contamination—half the amount seen in offsets from wireline produced fluid samples. Finally, due to the improved operation efficiency and the quality of the samples, the customer estimates that it saved nearly $10 million in rig costs and millions more in reduced retrofitting costs of the production facility. Significance of subject matter This extended abstract highlights a major step-change in fluid sampling technology. Operators no longer need to consider a well’s deviation in the ability to collect fluid samples. The recap of the two wells will offer additional best practices and risk mitigation techniques for future LWD sampling projects. It also adds yet another LWD technology that provides consistent wireline equivalent data.

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Almalki, Majed, Brett Harris, and J. Christian Dupuis. "Multifrequency full-waveform sonic logging in the screened interval of a large-diameter production well." GEOPHYSICS 78, no. 5 (September 1, 2013): B243—B257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0328.1.

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A set of field experiments using multiple transmitter center frequencies was completed to test the application potential of low-frequency full-waveform sonic logging in large-diameter production wells. Wireline logs were acquired in a simple open drillhole and a high-yield large diameter production well completed with wire-wound sand screens at an aquifer storage and recovery site in Perth, Western Australia. Phase-shift transform methods were applied to obtain phase-velocity dispersion images for frequencies of up to 4 kHz. A 3D representation of phase-velocity dispersion was developed to assist in the analysis of possible connections between low-frequency wave propagation modes and the distribution of hydraulic properties. For sandstone intervals in the test well, the highest hydraulic conductivity intervals were typically correlated with the lowest phase velocities. The main characteristics of dispersion images obtained from the sand-screened well were highly comparable with those obtained at the same depth level in a nearby simple drillhole open to the formation. The sand-screened well and the open-hole displayed an expected and substantial difference between dispersion in sand- and clay-dominated intervals. It appears that for clay-dominated formations, the rate of change of phase velocity can be associated to clay content. We demonstrated that with appropriate acquisition and processing, multifrequency full-waveform sonic logging applied in existing large-diameter sand-screened wells can produce valuable results. There are few wireline logging technologies that can be applied in this setting. The techniques that we used would be highly suitable for time-lapse applications in high-volume production wells or for reassessing formation properties behind existing historical production wells.

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Hu, Zhen, Jing Yan Liu, Shi Qiang Xia, and Yan Yan Chang. "The Research on the Depositional Systems Types and Characteristics of Sublacustrine Fan Deposits in the Second Member of Dongying Formation, Liaodong Bay." Advanced Materials Research 868 (December 2013): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.868.46.

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Integrated employment of wireline logging and seismic data, turbidite fan types and distribution characteristics were analyzed in the Paleogene strata of the second Member of Dongying Formaiton. The results showed that: the study area developed many types of turbidite fan, including the slump turbidite fans, deepwater turbidite fan, steep nearshore turbidite fan, far shore slope turbidite fan, etc. There are significant differences in the developmental environment, sedimentary characteristics, the main factors and so on. The differences in delta size, provenance, ancient terrain and triggering mechanism affect the development of different turbidite fan deposits. By identifying wireline logs stacking patterns, the external geometry and internal reflection structure of seismic events, the types of lacustrine fan identification modes were determined. And also with three-dimensional seismic attribute analysis techniques for predicting sublacustrine fan and determining the plane distribution, it provide basic geological evidence for lacustrine fan hydrocarbon reservoir exploration.

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Penney, R., C. Ames, D. Quinn, and A. Ross. "Determining uranium concentration in boreholes using wireline logging techniques: comparison of gamma logging with prompt fission neutron technology (PFN)." Applied Earth Science 121, no. 2 (June 2012): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743275812y.0000000022.

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33

Velasco, Andres, Atef Elsherbeni, Joseph Diener, and Mohammed Hadi. "Debye Parameters of Humidity-Varying Soils for Induction Logging Techniques." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 35, no. 9 (November 4, 2020): 979–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.350901.

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This paper focuses on the tabulation of calculated Debye coefficients for a wide range of soils for source waves ranging from 300 MHz to 2 GHz. Debye coefficients of different soils will produce accurate FDTD dispersive simulations for wireline logging purposes. The FDTD dispersion analysis is based on an Auxiliary Differential Equation (ADE) method which depends on the Debye coefficients. A complex set of soil data is acquired and used in a twostep numerical solver to calculate the Debye coefficients. For a wide range of soils, Debye coefficients were developed for one, two, and three pole expansions. Most fits for one pole fits were highly inaccurate, so the coefficients generated were disregarded. Coefficients for two and three term expansions were accurate and were generated and tabulated here.

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Wei, Zhoutuo, Xiaoming Tang, and Jingji Cao. "Acoustic radiation and reflection of a logging-while-drilling dipole source." Geophysical Journal International 219, no. 1 (May 2, 2019): 108–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz193.

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SUMMARY With the comparison to the resistivity ultra-deep measurement, the single-well reflection survey in acoustic logging-while-drilling (ALWD) measurement lags far behind, especially ALWD dipole measurement has long been thought to be little added value. In this paper, we extended the dipole shear-wave (S-wave) reflection survey technology in wireline logging into ALWD and demonstrated the theoretical feasibility of adopting a dipole source–receiver system to perform ALWD reflection survey. For this purpose, we investigated the radiation patterns of radiantSH, SV and P waves, the energy fluxes of guided and radiant waves and their acoustical radiation efficiencies from an LWD dipole acoustic source by comparisons with the wireline results. The analysis results reveal that a dominant excitation-frequency band does exist in ALWD dipole S-wave reflection. Consequently, the expected excitation frequency should be located in the band of the signal with high radiation efficiency, guaranteeing the best radiation performance. In fast formations, SH wave is the best candidate for ALWD reflection survey due to its highest radiation efficiency. In contrast, the dominant excitation-frequency band of SH wave gets wider in a slow formation. Besides, the SV- and P-wave radiation efficiencies are also remarkable, implying that both waves can also be used for ALWD reflection survey in slow formations. We expounded the SH-, SV- and P-reflection behaviours at three typical excitation frequencies by our 3-D finite difference. Simulations to single-well reflection validate the key role of dominant excitation-frequency band and demonstrate the theoretical feasibility of applying the technology to ALWD. Our results can guide the design and measurement methods of ALWD dipole S-wave reflection survey tool, which could have extensive application prospect for geo-steering.

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35

Wiggins, Sean M., John A. Hildebrand, and Joris M. Gieskes. "Geothermal state and fluid flow within ODP Hole 843B: results from wireline logging." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 195, no. 3-4 (February 2002): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(01)00590-8.

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36

Langford, Richard. "Wireline Logging/Les Diagraphies au Cable by Ecole du Petrole et des Moteurs." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 25, no. 1-2 (January 2000): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-4105(99)00032-7.

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Rahman, Ananna. "Present Gas Reserve Estimation Using Wireline Logging Data of Habiganj Gas Field, Bangladesh." International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering 5, no. 4 (2017): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ogce.20170504.12.

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Liu, Tanzhuo, Gerardo Iturrino, David Goldberg, Eric Meissner, Kerry Swain, Clayton Furman, Peter Fitzgerald, et al. "Performance evaluation of active wireline heave compensation systems in marine well logging environments." Geo-Marine Letters 33, no. 1 (October 4, 2012): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00367-012-0309-8.

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39

Fu, Hong Jun. "Reservoir Characteristics of Buried Hill and Oil and Gas Distribution of Hailaer Basin - Case Study of Budate Formation of Sudeerte Oilfield." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 4425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.4425.

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Buried hill reservoirs are typically found in Sudeerte oilfield in Hailaer basin. In this paper, the lithology, physical property and electric property of buried hill reservoirs are studied incorporating core data, mud logging, wireline logging and seismic attributes data. The major reservoir types of Budate buried hill are confirmed to include porosity, fracture, cavern and dissolved pore, which belong to dual porosity reservoirs. Vertically, the reservoirs get worse with the increase of buried depth and are controlled horizontally by weathering crust position and tectonic stress, and locations nearby fractured belt and structural high positions are preferable places for the formulation of good reservoirs. Oil and gas within the reservoir mainly accumulated inside fractures and pores and reservoirs with plenty existence of fractures and pores have good oil and gas shows and vice versa.

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Rashid, Fraidoon. "Reservoir Productivity Analysis of Intercalated Limestone and Anhydrite Beds in Zagros Folded Belt, Kurdistan Region of Iraq." Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research 5, no. 1 (March 3, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24017/science.2020.1.1.

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The Early Jurassic rock of Alan Formation in Barda Rash field has been examined using petrophysical wireline log analysis, drilling stem test, mud logging reports, drilling cutting and core samples for evaluation of reservoir potentiality and fluid production throughout heterogeneous rocks intervals in three exploration and appraisal wells. The Alan Formation consists of intercalation of light, chalky and argillaceous limestone beds with shale layers in the upper part and dominantly anhydrite layers from the middle to the lower parts of the formation. Qualitatively, weak oil shows of light brown to dark brown and blackish heavy oil have been observed while drilling. Furthermore, light brown trace oil has been recorded in the fracture surfaces of the core samples. The wireline log analysis provided an overestimated result for the hydrocarbon bearing interval identification and fluid movability index as the anhydrite layers confused the fluid distribution detection in the drilled interval. However, the combined results achieved from the mud logging reports and drilling stem tests were operated within the drilled intervals shown a limited productivity levels from the limestone beds of the Early Jurassic Alan Formation. The oil production from the studied interval does not exceed 10% and the entire production rates were composed of formation water with a trace amount of gases. As a result, the Early Jurassic Alan Formation can be considered as a tight carbonate reservoir rocks in the Barda Rash field.

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Li, Wan, Tongjun Chen, Xiong Song, Tianqi Gong, and Mengyue Liu. "Reconstruction of critical coalbed methane logs with principal component regression model: A case study." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 38, no. 4 (March 2, 2020): 1178–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598720909470.

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Wireline logging plays a critical role in coalbed methane exploration. However, the lack of crucial log data, such as neutron and sonic logs, makes coalbed methane exploration difficult. In this paper, we propose a principal component regression model incorporating a multiscale wavelet analysis, a histogram calibration, a principal component analysis, and a multivariate regression to reconstruct essential neutron and sonic logs from conventional logs (i.e., density, resistivity, gamma ray, spontaneous potential, and caliper logs). Our proposed model does not need core-related correlation, and there is no local optimization. We have applied the model to evaluate coalbed methane content in a real case. Firstly, we use the multiscale wavelet analysis and histogram calibration to improve logs’ reliability and lateral comparability. Then, we apply principal component analysis to transform the well-correlated wireline logs into linearly independent components and regress reconstruction functions for neutron and sonic logs with multivariate regression. The reconstructed logs are like the measured logs in trend, mean, and scale. Finally, we apply the reconstructed neutron logs to predict the coalbed methane-content distribution. The predicted distribution is not only following the regional distribution characteristics of coalbed methane enrichment zones but also validated by the coalbed methane production data. In summary, the successful applications of wireline-log reconstruction and regional coalbed methane-content prediction have demonstrated the reliability of the proposed principal component regression model.

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Molohkov, Dmitry, Andy Pietsch, Jack Harfoushian, and Shahid Azizul Haq. "Application of formation pressure while drilling in Australia: North West Shelf examples." APPEA Journal 49, no. 2 (2009): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj08041.

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Since its introduction in the 1950s, the point-by-point wireline formation pressure measurement technique has been successfully used for formation evaluation and reservoir management, and has been an essential input into reservoir models. In exploration and appraisal wells, where depletion has not yet affected the reservoir, vertical pressure profiling can be used for fluid gradient determination that may be interpreted in terms of fluid densities and contacts. In a dynamic producing environment pressure measurements can help to identify vertical and horizontal boundaries and communication. Measurement of pressure distribution along the borehole was historically done with wireline instruments or, in difficult logging conditions, with wireline instruments conveyed by drill pipe. In some environments, especially in highly deviated and S-shaped wells or unconsolidated formations, drill pipe conveyance of wireline formation pressure testers introduces significant operational risk. Formation Pressure While Drilling (FPWD), introduced in 2003, offers a new cost-effective solution for gathering formation pressure data. FPWD is a new method to directly measure formation pore pressure as the well is being drilled, extending its application beyond traditional fluid typing, contacts and compartmentalisation determination to well control and drilling optimisation. The market for FPWD is developing rapidly with all major service companies providing their own implementations of the technology. The next step in the evolution of FPWD technology—sampling while drilling—is not commercially available yet, but this is just a matter of time. The case history presented in this extended abstract is an example of the application and lessons learned from the FPWD service used in one of the oil fields on the North West Shelf, Australia.

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Jaiswal, P., S. Al-Bulushi, and P. Dewangan. "Logging-while-drilling and wireline velocities: Site NGHP-01-10, Krishna–Godavari Basin, India." Marine and Petroleum Geology 58 (December 2014): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.05.006.

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Verma, Sumit, Tao Zhao, Kurt J. Marfurt, and Deepak Devegowda. "Estimation of total organic carbon and brittleness volume." Interpretation 4, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): T373—T385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2015-0166.1.

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The Barnett Shale in the Fort Worth Basin is one of the most important resource plays in the USA. The total organic carbon (TOC) and brittleness can help to characterize a resource play to assist in the search for sweet spots. Higher TOC or organic content are generally associated with hydrocarbon storage and with rocks that are ductile in nature. However, brittle rocks are more amenable to fracturing with the fractures faces more resistant to proppant embedment. Productive intervals within a resource play should therefore contain a judicious mix of organics and mineralogy that lends to hydraulic fracturing. Identification of these intervals through core acquisition and laboratory-based petrophysical measurements can be accurate but expensive in comparison with wireline logging. We have estimated TOC from wireline logs using Passey’s method and attained a correlation of 60%. However, errors in the baseline interpretation can lead to inaccurate TOC. Using nonlinear regression with Passey’s TOC, normalized stratigraphic height, and acquired wireline logs, the correlation increased to 80%. This regression can be applied to uncored wells with logs to estimate TOC, and we used it as a ground truth in integrated analysis of seismic and well log data. The brittleness index (BI) is computed based on core Fourier transform infrared mineralogy using Wang and Gale’s formula. The correlation between core BI and estimated BI using elastic logs ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]) combined with wireline logs was 78%. However, this correlation decreases to 66% if the BI is estimated using only wireline logs. Therefore, the later serves as a less reliable proxy. We have correlated production to volumetric estimate of TOC and brittleness by computing distance-weighted averages in 120 horizontal wells. We have obtained a production correlation of 38% on blind wells, which was encouraging, suggesting that the geologic component in completions provides an important contribution to well success.

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Pemper, Richard R., Michael J. Flecker, Vernie C. McWhirter, and Donald W. Oliver. "Hydraulic fracture evaluation with multiple radioactive tracers." GEOPHYSICS 53, no. 10 (October 1988): 1323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442410.

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For many years, wireline tracer surveys have been used to determine the height of fractures created during hydraulic stimulation procedures. A recent advancement in fracture evaluation technology has been to tag different stages of a fracture operation with multiple radioactive tracers, providing the capability to discern between created and propped fracture heights in one or more zones of interest. In this research, a wireline instrumentation and data analysis system is implemented to identify and separate the individual yields from multiple radioactive tracers, with an additional feature that determines whether the tracer material is inside of the borehole or distributed throughout the created fracture zone. A single postfracture pass of the logging instrument is used to accumulate gamma ray spectra at each 7.6 cm interval along a borehole. A weighted least‐squares spectrum unfolding algorithm calculates the radioactive intensities as a function of depth, while the peak‐to‐Compton down‐scatter ratio determines the proximity of the tracer material to the wellbore. Field examples illustrate the effectiveness of the system for the evaluation of multistage fracture operations.

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Qobi, Latifa, André de Kuijper, Xiao Ming Tang, and Jonathan Strauss. "Permeability Determination from Stoneley Waves in the Ara Group Carbonates, Oman." GeoArabia 6, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): 649–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia0604649.

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ABSTRACT Measurement of continuous permeability profiles on a routine basis has become possible through recent advances in wireline logging hardware and software. Continuous permeability profiles allow geologists and reservoir engineers to better characterize their reservoirs and to more efficiently complete and manage the production of the hydrocarbon reserves. One of the most promising methods for the calculation of continuous permeability information is the use of Stoneley wave data acquired using a monopole acoustic device. This paper presents the results of a case study conducted for Petroleum Development Oman. In this study, permeability was determined from Stoneley wave data from the Sarmad-1H2 and Sarmad-2H1 wells that penetrated the carbonate reservoirs of the Ara Group of Oman. The Stoneley-wave derived profile was compared with permeability data from other sources; such as, cores, wireline pressure tests, and the interpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance measurements. The results demonstrated the validity of the methodology and showed that Stoneley-wave data can be used on a routine basis to obtain a continuous permeability indication for completion evaluation purposes. The method has great potential in permeability prediction.

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47

Davydycheva, Sofia. "Separation of azimuthal effects for new-generation resistivity logging tools — Part 2." GEOPHYSICS 76, no. 3 (May 2011): F185—F202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3560169.

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Symmetrization/antisymmetrization of tensor resistivity measurements and data rotation technique enable separation of the formation response from the tool eccentricity effect in the borehole. Similar principles of data processing can be applied to tensor measurements acquired by both wireline and logging-while-drilling tools of the new generation. I show how to directly determine the bed boundary positions and the formation anisotropy azimuth and how to perform visual interpretation of raw tool data in the presence of the tool eccentricity. I study the tool behavior in conductive water-based mud boreholes — the situation that requires much more complicated numerical modeling than the case of resistive oil-based mud boreholes. I show when and how the tool eccentricity effect can be separated from the formation response. The separation technique can accelerate and improve existing methods of formation interpretation.

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48

Zhang, Yuan Zhong. "Rock Mechanics Parameters Calculation of the Fractured Rock Based on the Effective Media Theory with Well Logging." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 2958–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.2958.

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Fractured rocks are the main oil and gas exploration objects offshore in China in recent years, which include the fractured sandstone, carbonate, volcanic rock, coal methane bed, shale gas and so on. The accurate calculation of the rock mechanics parameters (elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio) play remarkable role in petroleum engineering operations, such as borehole stability, mud density window determination, perforation, EOR, in-situ stress predication and so on. Now the applications show that the in-situ stress estimation based on the rock parameters obtained by acoustic logging is much different from the downhole measurement with wireline formation tester. The pore space of the fractured rock contains fracture and cave and it is different from sandstone. In the paper a novel method based on the effective media theory with well logging for the rock mechanics parameters calculation of the fractured rock is introduced, and some problems and potential application are also discussed.

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49

Singh, N. P. "Permeability prediction from wireline logging and core data: a case study from Assam-Arakan basin." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 9, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-018-0459-y.

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Cui, Chao, Suoliang Chang, Yanbin Yao, and Lutong Cao. "Quantify Coal Macrolithotypes of a Whole Coal Seam: A Method Combing Multiple Geophysical Logging and Principal Component Analysis." Energies 14, no. 1 (January 3, 2021): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010213.

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Coal macrolithotypes control the reservoir heterogeneity, which plays a significant role in the exploration and development of coalbed methane. Traditional methods for coal macrolithotype evaluation often rely on core observation, but these techniques are non-economical and insufficient. The geophysical logging data are easily available for coalbed methane exploration; thus, it is necessary to find a relationship between core observation results and wireline logging data, and then to provide a new method to quantify coal macrolithotypes of a whole coal seam. In this study, we propose a L-Index model by combing the multiple geophysical logging data with principal component analysis, and we use the L-Index model to quantitatively evaluate the vertical and regional distributions of the macrolithotypes of No. 3 coal seam in Zhengzhuang field, southern Qinshui basin. Moreover, we also proposed a S-Index model to quantitatively evaluate the general brightness of a whole coal seam: the increase of the S-Index from 1 to 3.7, indicates decreasing brightness, i.e., from bright coal to dull coal. Finally, we discussed the relationship between S-Index and the hydro-fracturing effect. It was found that the coal seam with low S-Index values can easily form long extending fractures during hydraulic fracturing. Therefore, the lower S-Index values indicate much more favorable gas production potential in the Zhengzhuang field. This study provides a new methodology to evaluate coal macrolithotypes by using geophysical logging data.

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