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Статті в журналах з теми "Wheat research"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 20 лютого 2023

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1

Šafář, J., J. Janda, J. Bartoš, M. Kubaláková, P. Kovářová, J. Číhalíková, H. Šimková, et al. "Development of BAC resources for genomic research on wheat." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 41, Special Issue (July 31, 2012): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6173-cjgpb.

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2

Omirbekova, N. Zh, A. I. Zhussupova, Zh K. Zhunusbayeva, N. D. Deryabina, B. N. Askanbayeva, and B. T. Egiztayeva. "Brachypodium distachyon as a model plant in wheat rust research." International Journal of Biology and Chemistry 8, no. 2 (2015): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/2218-7979-2015-8-2-52-55.

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3

HANDA, Hirokazu. "Sequencing of Wheat Genome: Genomics Started with Wheat Research." KAGAKU TO SEIBUTSU 55, no. 2 (2017): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu.55.105.

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4

Saydalimovich, Gaybullayev Gulom, Bolbekov Makhsud Abduvakhobovich, and Tuygunov Rasul Bolibekovich. "Wheat Breeding Research In The Zarafshan Oasis Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 02, no. 10 (October 28, 2020): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/volume02issue10-06.

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The article describes the results of research on the selection of varieties suitable for the soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan based on the study of samples of the world collection of wheat in the breeding process and the creation of new varieties and primary selection by mixing them with one variety.

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5

Rajiv, Sharma. "Wheat blast research: Status and imperatives." African Journal of Agricultural Research 12, no. 6 (February 9, 2017): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2016.11860.

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6

Son, Jae-Han, Young-Keun Cheong, Jong-Chul Park, Kyong-Ho Kim, Bo-Kyeong Kim, and Chon-Sik Kang. "Current Status of Wheat Allergy Research." Korean Journal of Breeding Science 49, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 057–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.9787/kjbs.2017.49.2.57.

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7

Ellis, Jeffrey G., Rohit Mago, Raja Kota, Peter N. Dodds, Helen McFadden, Greg Lawrence, Wolfgang Spielmeyer, and Evans Lagudah. "Wheat rust resistance research at CSIRO." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, no. 6 (2007): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar06151.

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Although chemical control is available for rust diseases in wheat, economic and environmental factors favour genetic solutions. Maintenance and improvement of levels of resistance and durability of the genetic control of the 3 wheat rust diseases will occur with the application of DNA markers for pyramiding resistance genes. Information about the molecular basis of rust resistance, including durable, adult-plant resistance, coming from studies in model species such as flax and flax rust and from studies of wheat and barley, will provide knowledge for new biotechnological approaches to rust resistance. Increasing cereal gene sequence data will improve the efficiency of cloning disease resistance genes and, together with the rapid progress in understanding the molecular basis of rust resistance, will make it possible to construct transgenic plants with multiple rust resistance genes at a single locus, which will provide efficient breeding and increased durability of rust resistance.

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8

Bartoš, P. "Rusts epidemics and their implications in wheat breeding and research in the Czech Republic." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 46, No. 2 (June 29, 2010): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/52/2010-cjgpb.

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9

Stehno, Z., L. Dotlačil, I. Faberová, and I. Bareš. "Development and structure of wheat collection in the Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 41, Special Issue (July 31, 2012): 198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6171-cjgpb.

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10

Jafarzadeh, A. A., P. Alamdari, M. R. Neyshabouri, and S. Saedi M R N. "Land suitability evaluation of bilverdy research station for wheat, barley, alfalfa, maize and safflower." Soil and Water Research 3, Special Issue No. 1 (June 30, 2008): S81—S88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/15/2008-swr.

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Анотація:

In the present study and research work, land suitability evaluation (qualitative classification) was made for the Bilverdy research station of the Islamic Azad University in East Azarbaijan for wheat, barley, alfalfa, maize and safflower. The Simple Limitation Method (SLM), the Limitation Method regarding Number and Intensity (LMNI) and the Parametric Methods (PM) such as the square-root and the Storie methods were used. The landscape, climate and soil and characteristics that influence suitability of the land for particular crops have been combined according to the adopted methodology. Economic factors were excluded and moderate level of management was assumed. The results of different methods show that the most important limiting factors are climate, pH, organic matter (OM), gravel, salinity and sodicity, taken either alone or in combination. For safflower, the cation exchange capacity (CEC) can be added to these factors. Evaluation by the SLM and LMNI methods result in similar suitability classes, which confirms previous findings by other researchers for the same crops. However, in many cases the use of parametric methods, especially the square-root method, turned to be more realistic in distinguishing separate suitability classes. This study not only compares different methods and their results but also evaluates the suitability of the study area for particular crops. According to the square-root method, the area can be recommended as marginally suitable for cultivation of wheat, barley, alfalfa and safflower and is expected to yield about 40–65% of optimal production.

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11

Lam, Yau, Cho Wing Sze, Yao Tong, Tzi Bun Ng, Sydney Chi Wai Tang, James Chung Man Ho, Qiaoqing Xiang, Xiao Lin, and Yanbo Zhang. "Research on the allelopathic potential of wheat." Agricultural Sciences 03, no. 08 (2012): 979–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2012.38119.

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12

HE, Xin-Yao, Yuan-Feng HAO, Yi-Lin ZHOU, and Zhong-Hu HE. "Progress and Perspective in Wheat Blast Research." Acta Agronomica Sinica 43, no. 8 (2017): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2017.01105.

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13

Morris, Michael L., H. J. Dubin, and Thaneswar Pokhrel. "Returns to wheat breeding research in Nepal." Agricultural Economics 10, no. 3 (May 1994): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.1994.tb00308.x.

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14

Shewry, Peter. "Major research prize awarded to wheat researchers." Plant Biotechnology Journal 16, no. 4 (March 25, 2018): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12909.

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15

Morris, M. "Returns to wheat breeding research in Nepal." Agricultural Economics 10, no. 3 (May 1994): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5150(94)90028-0.

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16

Sun, Wentao, Jinhua Du, Yuhong Jin, Jianjun Liu, and Lingwen Kong. "Preliminary research on wheat lipoxygenase during malting." Journal of the Institute of Brewing 118, no. 2 (August 2, 2012): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jib.27.

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17

Laghari, K. Q., B. K. Lashari, and H. M. Memon. "Perceptive research on wheat evapotranspiration in Pakistan." Irrigation and Drainage 57, no. 5 (December 2008): 571–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ird.393.

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18

Khomichak, Liubomyr, Inha Kuznietsova, Svetlana Vysotska, and Sergiy Tkachenko. "Research of drying kinetics of prepared wheat flour." FOOD RESOURCES 9, no. 16 (June 25, 2021): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/foodresources2021-16-20.

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Introduction. Processing of grain raw material with influence on starch or albumens by application of heat treatment creates the variety of functional properties of a product and is perspective in the modern terms vital functions of man. Research methods and methods. The flour obtained from wheat of the Ascanian wheat and from wheat of the soft varieties: Sophia ("sweet wheat"), Blond (soft) and Chornobrova (enriched with micro- and macronutrients) were used in the study. Thermal modification of flour samples was carried out in a convective manner. The control sample for determining the quality indicators is obtained in industrial conditions, extruded wheat flour produced by LLC "AS groups, LTD". Research results. The obtained kinetic dependence shows the gradual loss of moisture standards with different speed which accordingly influences on duration of drying. The moisture content of the drying agent most affects the intensity at the initial stage of the constant drying rate. With an increase in the moisture content of the coolant, the period of constant drying increases and the amount of evaporated moisture increases during this period. With the subsequent removal of moisture from raw materials, the degree of influence of this parameter on the intensity decreases. The nature of the drying curves is the same and the recommended process for obtaining modified flour is the process duration of 300 minutes or 5 hours. It was determined microscopically, that the samples of dried wheat flour have a purpose and are partially destroyed by starch granules and amorphization of biocomposite materials. Based on the data on the kinetics of drying flour samples, the kinetic coefficients and values of the critical moisture content for drying wheat flour were calculated, which is 1.18-1.30 %. It was determined that for the sensorial indicators the obtained samples have indicators characteristic of the varietal characteristics of wheat, from which the flour was taken. In terms of physical and chemical parameters, the modified wheat flour samples are not inferior to the well-known industrial sample of extruded flour. Conclusions. Use of flour, obtained from the wheat with different correlation of amilose and amylopectin, positively influences on a technological process and allows to extend the assortment of modified starch products, and accordingly, food products. Kinetics of the convective drying standards of the flour is investigated. Researches showed that a it is physically modified flour obtained from the different sorts of the soft wheat is not inferior in quality to the extruded wheat flour.

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19

Han, Xian-Zhong, Ke-Jian Wang, Yingchun Yuan, Chen Chen, and Liang Liang. "Research on Grading Detection of the Wheat Seeds." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/702906.

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Evaluating the merits of the wheat seed is an important significance for wheat breeding. We studied analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for seeds grading by digital image processing techniques in the paper. Firstly, preprocess the collected wheat seed images; extract some parameters, such as area, plumpness, rectangular, and elongation of the seed, and then build the level model. Experiments showed the model is right, and level accuracy rate is more than 95%.

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20

Ferguson, Lynnette R., and Philip J. Harris. "Does wheat bran or does wheat dietary fibre protect against breast cancer?" International Journal of Cancer 78, no. 3 (October 29, 1998): 385–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19981029)78:3<385::aid-ijc21>3.0.co;2-4.

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21

Altaf, Adil, Amir Zaman Shah, Sadia Gull, Shahid Hussain, Muhammad Faheem, Ad Al Amin Miah, and Xinkai Zhu. "Progress in modern crop science research in wheat biology." Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences 10, no. 1 (March 28, 2022): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22194/jgias/10.953.

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Анотація:

Every crop breeding effort seeks to enhance production. Despite several advances, most worldwide breeding efforts have long sought to improve grain production potential, insect/pest/disease resistance, grain quality, and stress tolerance. Almost all wheat breeding programs aim to increase grain yield potential. Wheat breeders have achieved substantial improvements in crop yield. Genetic transformation, cloning, and genetic engineering increase production potential in wheat. The primary breeding strategy for wheat is the pedigree. However, hybrids and population improvement are also utilized. Breeders utilized biotechnology to increase breeding success. Biotechnology and genome editing are examples of current technology that can improve global agriculture production by assisting crop development. Traditional wheat breeding methods have been supplemented with biotechnology to speed up wheat improvement efforts. These methods will speed up wheat biology research and help to develop wheat breeding plans. However, many programs in developing countries (especially) are still trying to include them.

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22

Konvalina, P., I. Capouchová, and Z. Stehno. "Agronomically important traits of emmer wheat." Plant, Soil and Environment 58, No. 8 (August 21, 2012): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/174/2011-pse.

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Particular agronomic traits of six landraces of Triticum diccocum Schrank (Schuebl) were studied during three years in Prague and České Budějovice localities, Czech Republic. The analysis of tolerance to drought by using the method of <sup>13</sup>C discrimination (CID) was also focused on in the research. All the tested varieties were resistant to usual wheat diseases. An inclination of particular varieties to lodging and a low harvest index rate (0.33) were negative factors having a significant effect on the yield rate. Meanwhile, all the varieties contained a high percentage of proteins in grain (17.92%) which was an important advantage in low input conditions. The landraces of emmer wheat also proved to be more tolerant to drought (CID = 25.82&permil;) than check varieties of bread wheat (CID = 26.70&permil;). Results of the research showed that some of the emmer landraces may be successfully grown and used directly in low-input farming systems or in breeding programs focused on the breeding of suitable varieties for low-input farming.  

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23

Chen, Song, Shukun Cao, KuiZeng Gao, WenLong Cao, Shoubo Cui, and Jianzhong Ma. "Research on wheat modeling method based on EDEM." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1798, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1798/1/012048.

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24

Pongráczné Barancsi, Ágnes, and Zoltán Győri. "Research on rheological characteristics of winter wheat varieties." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 26 (July 16, 2007): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/26/3085.

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The gluten examination test is dominant in Hungary, comparing it to the qualification system of other countries. The determination of alveographic parameters is a basic criterion of winter wheat specifications in some western and southern European countries.In the Hungarian and foreign winter wheat qualification systems, in the standards, there is no limit for extensographical parameters. Customers dictate the limits and make their claims as to the specifications.We analyzed the alveographic and extensographical parameters of 19 winter wheat varieties grown by the Cereal Research Non-Profit Company in Hungary, and we made a comparison between the results in the challenges of the European Union expectations.Examining the information of alveographic and extensographical values, we found that the experimental varieties provide high base to flour types suitable for baking bread and baker’s ware. The GK Élet, GK Petur, GK Memento, GK Csillag, GK Kapos and GK Marcel varieties can meet the market of paste flour needs, too.In the variety series, the GK Kalász represents the highest values and the GK Garaboly shows the lowest parameters regarding the alveographic W and the resistance to extension.On the basis of relation, we can establish that we can estimate the following little known and used quality indexes: the extensographical resistance to extension with extensographical energy and the alveographic W value, the extensographical energy with the alveographic W value and the alveographic P and L values with the other alveographic parameters.

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25

Stowe, Dennis W., Charles J. Caudill, James E. Tallent, Ken A. Barbarick, and Jim A. Ippolito. "LONG TERM BIOSOLIDS RESEARCH ON DRYLAND WHEAT FARMS." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2001, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 978–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864701784993641.

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26

LIU, Yu-Xiu, Shu-Hua HUANG, Jing-Lin WANG, and Zheng-Mao ZHANG. "Research advance on calcium content in wheat grains." Acta Agronomica Sinica 47, no. 2 (September 29, 2020): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2021.01045.

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27

Reynolds, Matthew P., Janet M. Lewis, Karim Ammar, Bhoja R. Basnet, Leonardo Crespo-Herrera, José Crossa, Kanwarpal S. Dhugga, et al. "Harnessing translational research in wheat for climate resilience." Journal of Experimental Botany 72, no. 14 (June 17, 2021): 5134–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab256.

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Анотація:

Abstract Despite being the world’s most widely grown crop, research investments in wheat (Triticum aestivum and Triticum durum) fall behind those in other staple crops. Current yield gains will not meet 2050 needs, and climate stresses compound this challenge. However, there is good evidence that heat and drought resilience can be boosted through translating promising ideas into novel breeding technologies using powerful new tools in genetics and remote sensing, for example. Such technologies can also be applied to identify climate resilience traits from among the vast and largely untapped reserve of wheat genetic resources in collections worldwide. This review describes multi-pronged research opportunities at the focus of the Heat and Drought Wheat Improvement Consortium (coordinated by CIMMYT), which together create a pipeline to boost heat and drought resilience, specifically: improving crop design targets using big data approaches; developing phenomic tools for field-based screening and research; applying genomic technologies to elucidate the bases of climate resilience traits; and applying these outputs in developing next-generation breeding methods. The global impact of these outputs will be validated through the International Wheat Improvement Network, a global germplasm development and testing system that contributes key productivity traits to approximately half of the global wheat-growing area.

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28

Lemic, Jembrek, Bažok, and Pajač Živković. "Ozone Effectiveness on Wheat Weevil Suppression: Preliminary Research." Insects 10, no. 10 (October 18, 2019): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10100357.

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Insect infestations within stored product facilities are a major concern to livestock and human food industries. Insect infestations in storage systems can result in economic losses of up to 20%. Furthermore, the presence of insects and their waste and remains in grain and stored foods may pose a health risk to humans and livestock. At present, pests in commercial storage are managed by a combination of different methods ranging from cleaning and cooling to treatment of the stored material with contact insecticides or fumigation. The availability of pesticides for the treatment of grain and other stored products is decreasing owing, in some cases, to environmental and safety concerns among consumers and society, thus emphasizing the need for alternative eco-friendly pest control methods. One of the potential methods is the use of ozone. Although the mechanism of action of ozone on insects is not completely known, the insect’s respiratory system is a likely the target of this gas. The main goal of this investigation was to determine the efficacy of ozone in the suppression of adult wheat weevils Sitophilus granarius. In the experiments conducted, different durations of ozone exposure were tested. In addition to ozone toxicity, the walking response and velocity of wheat weevils were investigated. The results showed the harmful effects of ozone on these insects. In addition to mortality, ozone also had negative effects on insect speed and mobility. The efficiency of the ozone treatment increased with increasing ozone exposure of insects. The ability of ozone to reduce the walking activity and velocity of treated insects is a positive feature in pest control in storage systems, thereby reducing the possibility of insects escaping from treated objects. The results of this investigation suggest that ozone has the potential to become a realistic choice for suppressing harmful insects in storage systems for humans and livestock, either alone or as a complement to other control methods.

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29

Voelker, Rebecca. "CAM Research Attempts to Separate Wheat From Chaff." JAMA 286, no. 2 (July 11, 2001): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.286.2.156-jmn0711-3-1.

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30

Prasad, Pramod, Siddanna Savadi, S. C. Bhardwaj, and P. K. Gupta. "The progress of leaf rust research in wheat." Fungal Biology 124, no. 6 (June 2020): 537–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2020.02.013.

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31

Békés, F. "New aspects in quality related wheat research: II. New methodologies for better quality wheat." Cereal Research Communications 40, no. 3 (September 2012): 307–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/crc.2012.0003.

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32

DĂRAB, Ionel Dragoş, Dana MALASCHI, Ana Maria VĂLEAN, Adina Daniela TĂRĂU, Cornel CHEŢAN, and Ion OLTEAN. "Preliminary Research on the Wheat Pests and on Their Integrated Control during 2015-2016, at Agricultural Research-Development Station Turda." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 74, no. 1 (May 19, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:12652.

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Анотація:

In Transylvania, the evolution of wheat insect pests is strongly influenced by the ecotehnological conditions, by climate change and current technology (Malschi, 2009 Malschi et al., 2015). The paper presents the dynamics and importance of the main pests of wheat (thrips, aphids, leafhoppers, wheat flies, cereals sunbugs, investigated under the integrated pest control system suitable of the area. During 2015-2016, the investigations were conducted at the Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, from the wheat no tillage cultural system with cereal rotation of three years and applying all zonal recommendations of technology and phytosanitary complex. The pest monitoring was performed based on the samples collected with entomological net, by decadal 100 sweep-net catches/sample. The study data shows the danger of the attack of abundant populations of wheat flies (Phorbia securis, Delia coarctata, Opomyza florum, Oscinella frit etc.; wheat fleas (Chaetocnema aridula) and cereal leaf beetle (Oulema melanopa); leafhoppers (Psammotettix alienus, Javesella pellucida, Macrosteles laevis); aphids (Sitobion avenae, Schizaphis graminum, Rhopalosiphum padi); thrips (Haplothrips tritici), sunbugs (Eurygaster maura, Aelia acuminata) etc., and the necessity of applying insecticide treatments on the vegetation.Since 2015, a stronger impact of global warming on the wheat pests structure (%) are found. This change began on the last ten years. The importance of cereal sunbugs is increasing, well as the importance of the wheat flies, aphids and leafhoppers, which requires professional study on the pest dynamics and adequate integrated control of wheat pests.

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33

Zhu, Shi Sha, Xian Hua Lei, Yan Shu Zhu, and Jin Gang Liu. "Based on the Mechanical Characteristics of Wheat Biomass Detector Research." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 3200–3205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.3200.

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Анотація:

Biomass is an important index to reflect the situation of crop growth. It has a great significance to detect the wheat biomass quickly and nondestructively for wheat breeding and production management. In this paper, a wheat biomass detector prototype is developed based on the biomechanical characteristics of the natural growth wheat stalks, And then the accuracy of this prototype is validated.Through the analysis of data in field tests, the relevance between the resilience force of stem achieved by prototype detector and the ground biomass of wheat is more than 0.86. It means using the prototype detector to forecast the wheat biomass is feasible.

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34

Lv, Wen Lin, Jun Wu, Shu Zhen Gou, Gang Yang, Lei Wang, and Jiao Chen. "The Research of Biogas Slurry on Yield and Safety." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 3142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.3142.

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In this paper, throng studying effect of biogas slurry of different fertilizer rates on wheat yield and some biological traits, found that environmental conditions in the purple, biogas slurry application rate was 3500kg/667m2, wheat yield was maximum; And heavy metals Content in wheat grain would increase with the increasing of biogas slurry application rate, However, compared with conventional chemical fertilizers, the difference was not significant, biogas slurry agricultural would not cause food heavy metal pollution, Wheat planted was in line with food hygiene standards.

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35

Langridge, Peter, Michael Alaux, Nuno Felipe Almeida, Karim Ammar, Michael Baum, Faouzi Bekkaoui, Alison R. Bentley, et al. "Meeting the Challenges Facing Wheat Production: The Strategic Research Agenda of the Global Wheat Initiative." Agronomy 12, no. 11 (November 7, 2022): 2767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112767.

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Wheat occupies a special role in global food security since, in addition to providing 20% of our carbohydrates and protein, almost 25% of the global production is traded internationally. The importance of wheat for food security was recognised by the Chief Agricultural Scientists of the G20 group of countries when they endorsed the establishment of the Wheat Initiative in 2011. The Wheat Initiative was tasked with supporting the wheat research community by facilitating collaboration, information and resource sharing and helping to build the capacity to address challenges facing production in an increasingly variable environment. Many countries invest in wheat research. Innovations in wheat breeding and agronomy have delivered enormous gains over the past few decades, with the average global yield increasing from just over 1 tonne per hectare in the early 1960s to around 3.5 tonnes in the past decade. These gains are threatened by climate change, the rapidly rising financial and environmental costs of fertilizer, and pesticides, combined with declines in water availability for irrigation in many regions. The international wheat research community has worked to identify major opportunities to help ensure that global wheat production can meet demand. The outcomes of these discussions are presented in this paper.

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36

Bhardwaj, Subhash C., Gyanendra P. Singh, Om P. Gangwar, Pramod Prasad, and Subodh Kumar. "Status of Wheat Rust Research and Progress in Rust Management-Indian Context." Agronomy 9, no. 12 (December 16, 2019): 892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9120892.

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The rusts of wheat, caused by three species of Puccinia, are very devastating diseases and are major biotic constraints in efforts to sustain wheat production worldwide. Their capacity to spread aerially over long distances, rapid production of infectious uredospores, and abilities to evolve new pathotypes, makes the management of wheat pathogens a very challenging task. The development and deployment of resistant wheat varieties has proven to be the most economic, effective and efficient means of managing rust diseases. Rust resistance used in wheat improvement has included sources from the primary gene pool as well as from species distantly related to wheat. The 1BL/1RS translocation from cereal rye was used widely in wheat breeding, and for some time provided resistance to the wheat leaf rust, stripe rust, and stem rust pathogens conferred by genes Lr26, Yr9, and Sr31, respectively. However, the emergence of virulence for all three genes, and stripe rust resistance gene Yr27, has posed major threats to the cultivation of wheat globally. To overcome this threat, efforts are going on worldwide to monitor rust diseases, identify rust pathotypes, and to evaluate wheat germplasm for rust resistance. Anticipatory breeding and the responsible deployment of rust resistant cultivars have proven to be effective strategies to manage wheat rusts. Efforts are still however being made to decipher the recurrence of wheat rusts, their epidemiologies, and new genomic approaches are being used to break the yield barriers and manage biotic stresses such as the rusts. Efficient monitoring of pathotypes of Puccinia species on wheat, identification of resistance sources, pre-emptive breeding, and strategic deployment of rust resistant wheat cultivars have been the key factors to effective management of wheat rusts in India. The success in containing wheat rusts in India can be gauged by the fact that we had no wheat rust epiphytotic for nearly last five decades. This publication provides a comprehensive overview of the wheat rust research conducted in India.

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37

Krstanović, Vinko, Kristina Habschied, Krešimir Dvojković, and Krešimir Mastanjević. "Research on the Malting Properties of Domestic Wheat Varities." Fermentation 7, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7010001.

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This study aimed to establish the suitability of new Croatian wheat varieties for the production of pale wheat malt. Four new varieties/breeding lines from the Agricultural Institute Osijek were tested (Indira, OSK. 378/19, OSK. 346/20, and OSK. 353/20). The quality of starting wheat, the success of the micromalting process and the quality of finished malts were analyzed. The obtained results showed that the tested varieties/breeding lines meet the quality criteria for pale beer malt, and can be classified in the II malting quality group. The vast majority of quality indicators examined in this research showed values within the limits recommended for pale wheat malt. The obtained results were very good considering that these varieties are not intended for malting, nor in their selection process attention was paid to meet the brewing quality criteria. Due to the sensory characteristics of beer, the possibility of intervention during the malting process is limited, therefore when selecting wheat for malting, attention should be paid to the lowest possible content of total and soluble proteins, which can be achieved by appropriate agrotechnical measures in cultivation.

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38

Guo, Yiping, Weiyong Zhu, Ruqin Gao, and Guoting Li. "Research on Wheat Straw Application in the Preparation of Superplasticizer." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (July 3, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2092383.

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Wheat straw was utilized in the preparation of polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCS) to improve its performance as well as to reduce the production cost in this paper. The addition time and pretreatment time of wheat straw in the production of PCS were detected. Orthogonal experimental design was adopted to optimize the components of reactants, and the adding time of the initiator was also examined. The PCS produced with wheat straw in this paper kept a rather high water-reducing rate. In addition, the results of some physical characteristics showed there were no obvious differences between the PCS produced with and without wheat straw, while the PCS produced with wheat straw had the longer time of coagulation. At the same time, infrared spectrum implied that the addition of wheat straw made the side chain more abundant and had little influence on the main chain of the large molecules.

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39

Špokas, L., V. Adamčuk, V. Bulgakov, and L. Nozdrovický. "The experimental research of combine harvesters." Research in Agricultural Engineering 62, No. 3 (August 30, 2016): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/16/2015-rae.

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The paper presents results of the experimental research of a middle-size combine harvester when used for harvest of winter wheat and spring barley in heavy harvest conditions. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to determine the effect of field conditions on the crop mass flow in combine harvester, grain losses, fuel consumption, and combine harvester field performance. It was found that grain moisture content and conditions of the crop stand have a significant effect on the work indicators of the combine harvester when compared with its technological parameters and crop mass flow.

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40

Wang, Fei, Rui Juan Chi, Zhong Xiang Zhu, and En Rong Mao. "Research of the Wheat Modeling Problems Based on Creator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 551 (May 2014): 696–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.551.696.

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In order to making the virtual experiment results close to or equivalent to the real environmental effects, in addition to model realistic scenes, also need more accurate dynamic model. In this paper, based on research of hydraulic steering paddy and wheat combine harvester, first, used three-dimensional geometric model transformation technology to convert Pro/E model to a identified geometric model in VP virtual reality systems, second, used classical dynamics equations to build the mathematical model of this vehicle dynamics, finally, used VC++ programs to connect this two models, constructed a behavioral model of complete physics properties. This behavior model is not only more realistic than the geometry model in motion, but also it follows the laws of physics movement. It can effectively strengthen the authenticity of virtual experiment, provide an important platform to start agricultural machinery virtual characteristics test, and this Modeling Method can provide a reference for other agricultural machinery virtual reality platform to build.

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41

Zi-Long, Chen, Zhu Da-Zhou, Wang Cheng, Zheng Ling, Dong Gao, and Zhao Chun-Jiang. "Thermal Infrared Imaging-based Research on Winter Wheat Yield." Information Technology Journal 12, no. 19 (September 15, 2013): 5331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/itj.2013.5331.5335.

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42

Diao, Zhi Hua, and Yuan Yuan Wu. "Research on Feature Extraction of Wheat Leaf Disease Image." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 1326–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.1326.

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In order to resolve the problem of not taking into account color, texture and shape features in crop disease intelligent recognition systems, feature extraction method based on three feature types was proposed. Two types of color spaces such as RGB and HIS were considered, and the transformation formula of the two color spaces was improved. Then ten color features were defined and extracted. Meanwhile sixteen texture features were defined and extracted based on gray level co-occurrence matrix. And thirteen shape features were defined and extracted based on invariant moment theory. Finally the feature dataset was received which was suitable for identifying four types of wheat leaf diseases. The results show that the system recognition rate is relatively high, and can meet the practical application requirements.

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43

Raab, R. T., and M. A. Bell. "Assessing a research training course for wheat crop management." Journal of Agronomic Education 19, no. 1 (March 1990): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jae1990.0072.

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44

Dubrovna, O. V., and B. V. Morgun. "CURRENT STATUS OF RESEARCH ON AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED WHEAT TRANSFORMATION." Fiziologia rastenij i genetika 50, no. 3 (June 2018): 187–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/frg2018.03.187.

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45

卢, 晨. "Research Progress on Virulence Genes of Wheat Stripe Rust." Botanical Research 09, no. 05 (2020): 448–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/br.2020.95057.

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46

XIE, Jingci, and Masayoshi KUBO. "Comparative Research on the Trade and Bulk Carriers of Wheat and Rice for Maritime Transportation to Africa." Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation 118 (2008): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.9749/jin.118.237.

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47

Timsina, K. P., S. Gairhe, P. Koirala, and J. Shrestha. "Investment on wheat research and its effect: A case of Nepal." Agricultural Science and Technology 11, no. 2 (June 2019): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/10.15547/ast.2019.02.022.

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Abstract. Although the agriculture sector markedly contributes to the Nepalese economy, very little is known about the government’s investments in agricultural research activities and how these investments have impacted the sector. In this study, we picked a case of wheat crop as it is the third largest crop of Nepal in terms of total annual production. We took government’s annual wheat research investments of Nepal from Fiscal year 2005 to 2016 to analyze the effects of investment on wheat research based on the availability of data. We used compound growth rate, averages, trend line, and bar diagram to present the data and interpret the results. Results revealed that the share of operational budget was lower than supposed to be allocated for the development of wheat research. The pace of increment of wheat production and productivity were observed due to improved wheat investment and technologies. Result shows the negligible spillover effect from neighboring countries in wheat production. Even though the Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) has fulfilled source seed target by producing a surplus, private sectors should involve proactively in coordination with NARC to meet the projected demand of wheat seed in national seed vision. The huge gap was observed between yield potential and average national productivity. To achieve greater impact of wheat research in Nepal, it is necessary to bridge the gap by awareness program, making the availability of improved seed with an improved package of practices.

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48

Blodgett, Sue L., P. M. Denke, Deb Waters, Matt Carroll, and Gregg Carlson. "Wheat Curl Mite Control on Winter Wheat, 1996." Arthropod Management Tests 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/22.1.332.

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Abstract Wheat was seeded 14 Jun, at Northern Agriculture Research Center, Havre, MT. Plots measured 16 ft long and 2 rows wide (1-ft row spacing) and were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Insecticide applications were made using a backpack, CO2-powered sprayer equipped with TeeJet XR8002VS nozzles, calibrated to deliver 8.2 gpa at 30 psi. Six of the most recently, fully expanded leaves per plot were selected for sampling. Number WCM per leaf and percent infested plants were determined by visual inspection with the aid of a dissecting microscope. Data were analyzed using GLM and means were separated using LSMEANS.

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49

Kerby, K., and J. Kuspira. "The phylogeny of the polyploid wheats Triticum aestivum (bread wheat) and Triticum turgidum (macaroni wheat)." Genome 29, no. 5 (October 1, 1987): 722–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-124.

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The phylogeny of the polyploid wheats has been the subject of intense research and speculation during the past 70 years. Various experimental approaches have been employed to ascertain the diploid progenitors of these wheats. The species having donated the D genome to Triticum aestivum has been unequivocally identified as Aegilops squarrosa. On the basis of evidence from many studies, Triticum monococcum has been implicated as the source of the A genome in both Triticum turgidum and Triticum aestivum. However, numerous studies since 1968 have shown that Triticum urartu is very closely related to Triticum monococcum and that it also carries the A genome. These studies have prompted the speculation that Triticum urartu may be the donor of this chromosome set to the polyploid wheats. The donor of the B genome to Triticum turgidum and Triticum aestivum remains equivocal and controversial. Six different diploid species have been implicated as putative B genome donors: Aegilops bicornis, Aegilops longissima, Aegilops searsii, Aegilops sharonensis, Aegilops speltoides, and Triticum urartu. Until recently, evidence presented by different researchers had not permitted an unequivocal identification of the progenitor of the B genome in polyploid wheats. Recent studies, involving all diploid and polyploid wheats and putative B genome donors, lead to the conclusion that Aegilops speltoides and Triticum urartu can be excluded as B genome donors and that Aegilops searsii is the most likely source of this chromosome set. The possibility of the B genome having arisen from an AAAA autotetraploid or having a polyphyletic origin is discussed. Key words: phylogeny; Triticum aestivum; Triticum turgidum; A, B, and D genomes.

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Stankevych, G., and A. Borta. "RESEARCH OF QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF GLUTEN OF WHEAT GRAINS DAMAGED BY THE WHEAT BUG." Grain Products and Mixed Fodder’s 19, no. 3 (November 14, 2019): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/gpmf.v19i3.1506.

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Favorable weather and climate conditions for growing grain are also favorable for the livelihoods and reproduction of pests of grain stocks, and especially for wheat bug (Eurygaster integriceps Put.). Grain damaged by this pest loses its genetically incorporated properties, negative changes occur in the quantity and quality of gluten. Due to the ingestion of bug’s saliva with its special enzymes into the grain, the baking properties of the flour from such grain deteriorate – the dough becomes liquid, sticky, it loses elasticity. Thus, the issue of further effective use of grain damaged by the shield bugis very urgent. This requires information on the dependence of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of gluten on the content of grains damaged by the wheat bug. The aim of the study was to establish patterns of change in the quantity and quality of gluten depending on the content of grains damaged by the wheat bug, which will increase the efficiency of the formation of batches for further use in the food industry. To achieve this goal, a number of tasks were solved: during the grain harvesting periods of 2015–2018, at the enterprises of the industry, wheat samples were taken with the content damaged by the wheat bug in the range of 0.5...5.0 %, the quantity and quality were determined in them gluten, trends in the quantity and quality of gluten have been established depending on the content of damaged grains and their comparison with published data. The object of the study was the gluten complex of wheat, with various contents of grains damaged by the wheat bug. The subject of research was the quantity and quality of gluten in samples of soft wheat of grades 2–3 of the 2015– 2018 crop samples with various grains damaged by a wheat bug selected at enterprises in the Odessa region. Based on the results of determining the quantity and quality of gluten in samples of the 2015–2018 crop and the available literature data on the quantity and quality of gluten in grain 2005– 2007, a crop with the content of grain damaged by the wheat bug was shown to be 5.0 %, that between the amount of gluten and the content in the grain mass of the grains damaged by the wheat bug, there are no regularities.Existing fluctuations in the amount of gluten are reliably associated with different origins of grain samples grown under different agrotechnological conditions, different protein contents, varietal characteristics of grain and other factors. The regularities of changes in the quality of gluten depending on the content of grain damaged by a wheat bug have been established – with an increase in the content of damaged grains, according to a linear law, the gluten quality index determined on the VDK device also increases. It was also established that the intensity of changes in the quality of gluten significantly depends on the content of grains damaged by the wheat bug; there was a slight increase in the quality index of gluten with the content of damaged grains up to 2.0 %, and its rapid growth with the content of damaged grains from 2.0 % to 5,0 % It is shown that in the studied wheat samples with the content of grains damaged by the wheat bug up to 2.5...2.7 %, the VDK indicator belongs to the 2nd group of gluten quality – satisfactory weak and wheat belongs to 1–3 grades in this indicator. With a further increase in the content of grains damaged the wheat bug, the index of VDK increases and gluten passes to the 3rd group – unsatisfactory weak, and the batch of wheat belongs to the 4th class.

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