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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Wheat fertilizers, Australia"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 21 лютого 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Wheat fertilizers, Australia"

Bolland, MDA. "Residual value for wheat of phosphorus from calciphos, Duchess rock phosphate and triple superphosphate on a lateritic soil in south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 1 (1985): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850198.

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The residual values of phosphorus from triple superphosphate and from three rock phosphates were compared in a 4-year field experiment with wheat, grown on a phosphorus deficient lateritic soil in south-western Australia. The three rock phosphate fertilizers were an apatitic rock phosphate originating from the Duchess deposit in north-western Queensland, and calcined (500�C) Christmas Island C-grade ore as a powder and as pellets. Five rates of each fertilizer were applied at the commencement of the experiment and their effectiveness was calculated from data on yield of dried plant tops, grain yield, and bicarbonate soluble phosphorus extracted from the soil. Triple superphosphate was the most effective phosphorus fertilizer initially, but its effectiveness decreased markedly with time. The effectiveness of the three rock phosphates was initially very low, and remained approximately constant for the duration of the experiment. The yield of dried plant tops depended upon their phosphorus content and this relationship was independent of the phosphorus fertilizer used.

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Oliver, DP, JE Schultz, KG Tiller, and RH Merry. "The effect of crop rotations and tillage practices on cadmium concentration in wheat grain." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44, no. 6 (1993): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9931221.

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The cadmium concentrations in wheat grain were determined from three crop rotation x tillage experiments in South Australia. Generally, the concentrations in grain were highest in wheat grown after lupins and lowest in wheat grown after cereal. The high cadmium concentrations in grain from wheat/lupins plots could not be explained solely by acidification, thus indicating involvement of other processes in cadmium availability. While cadmium concentration in grain also increased with increasing rates of nitrogenous fertilizers, the results of cultivation practices were generally too inconsistent to allow conclusions to be drawn. Cadmium concentrations exceed the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of 0.05 mg kg-1 set by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHWIRC) for unspecified foods in only one of the three tillage experiments. This study indicates that crop rotation is an important factor affecting cadmium uptake. Under certain soil conditions and with particular wheat varieties, the cadmium concentration in grain may exceed the MPC as the result of the crop rotation used.

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Mason, MG. "Sulfur-coated urea as a source of nitrogen for cereals in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 4 (1985): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850913.

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The effects of four grades of sulfurcoated urea (SCU1, 35.1% nitrogen (N) and dissolution rate in water at 38�C of 10.5%; SCU2, 36.3%N and 25.9% dissolution rate; SCU3, 36.2%N and 1 1.2% dissolution rate; SCU4, 36.8%N and 15.4% dissolution rate) were compared with those of uncoated urea as sources of nitrogen for cereals in nine field experiments in two years. In five experiments at five sites in 1978, and in two experiments at two sites in 1979, comparisons were made between fertilizers topdressed either after sowing (1978) or before sowing (1979). In two further experiments in 1979, comparisons were made between fertilizers banded with the seed or topdressed immediately before or after sowing. Supplementary data on the effect of banding were obtained from a glasshouse experiment. There were no differences between sources in three of the five 1978 experiments. At the other two sites urea was superior to SCU when 50 kg N/ha was applied 2 weeks after sowing. Applications of urea 4 or 6 weeks after sowing gave grain yields, at these sites, up to 69 and 57% higher, respectively, than earlier applications. Apparent recovery of fertilizer nitrogen in one experiment in which it was measured was greater for two SCUs (13.1 and 2l.6%, respectively) than for urea (6+9%), but this was true only for applications at sowing. Urea applied 4 and 6 weeks after sowing resulted in much higher recoveries of fertilizer nitrogen (33.9 and 49.3%, respectively) and was more effective in overcoming leaching losses than was the slow-release SCU. There were no effects of time of application before sowing in the two 1979 experiments, indicating little or no loss of ammonia through volatilization, which precluded a comparison of the effects of the three nitrogen sources used. However, uncoated urea outyielded two SCUs in these experiments, by 7.5 and 6.5% in the first experiment and 5 and 2% in the second, respectively. When uncoated urea was banded with the seed at the equivalent of 70 or 140 kg N/ha all plants in the glasshouse experiment died. SCU at the lower nitrogen rate did not affect wheat emergence or survival but a 30% reduction in plant numbers resulted at the higher rate of SCU2. In one field experiment, uncoated urea reduced plant numbers by 96% compared with 20 and 13% for SCU3 and SCU4, respectively, when applied at 75 kg N/ha. Overall, this study showed no reason to use these grades of SCU in preference to uncoated urea, except where there is a need to band urea-containing fertilizer with the seed.

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Rovira, A. D., and A. Simon. "Growth, nutrition and yield of wheat in calcareous sandy loams of South Australia: Effects of soil fumigation, fungicide, nematicide and nitrogen fertilizers." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 17, no. 3 (January 1985): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(85)90061-6.

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Whitbread, Anthony, Graeme Blair, Yothin Konboon, Rod Lefroy, and Kunnika Naklang. "Managing crop residues, fertilizers and leaf litters to improve soil C, nutrient balances, and the grain yield of rice and wheat cropping systems in Thailand and Australia." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 100, no. 2-3 (December 2003): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8809(03)00189-0.

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Byerlee, Derek. "The Super State: The Political Economy of Phosphate Fertilizer Use in South Australia, 1880–1940." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 62, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 99–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2021-0005.

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Abstract From 1882 to 1910 superphosphate was almost universally adopted by wheat farmers in South Australia. A supply chain perspective is used to link the mining of phosphate rock in distant Pacific islands to the final application of superphosphate in the fields of Australian wheat farmers. Farmers and private manufacturers led the adoption stage in the context of a liberal market regime and the role of the state at this stage was limited although strategic. After 1920, the role of the state in the industry sharply increased in all phases of the industry. A political economy perspective is used to analyse state-ownership of raw material supplies and protectionist policies to manufacturers that resulted in high prices in Australia by 1930. Numerous government reviews pitted the interests of farmers and manufacturers leading to a complex system of tariffs and subsidies in efforts to serve all interests. Overall, the adoption of superphosphate was a critical factor in developing productive and sustainable farming systems in Australia, although at the expense of Pacific Islanders who prior to WWII received token benefits and were ultimately left with a highly degraded landscape.

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Sen, S., and P. M. Chalk. "Stimulation of root growth and soil nitrogen uptake by foliar application of urea to wheat and sunflower." Journal of Agricultural Science 126, no. 2 (March 1996): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600073056.

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SUMMARYWheat and sunflower plants were grown in a temperature-controlled glasshouse in Melbourne, Australia (37° 50′ S, 145° 00′ E), from 9 August to 2 October 1991, in cylinders containing two soils (Walpeup loamy sand (LS) and Gombalin clay loam (CL)) of low and moderate N status, respectively. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied by immersion of leaves in 0·18 M urea solution (10·5 atom% 15N).Plants were N-deficient in the Walpeup LS but not in the Gombalin CL soils. Both species had higher root: shoot ratios, and higher proportions of foliar-absorbed N were transferred to the roots, in the Walpeup LS plants. Plant N derived from the fertilizer and root or shoot dry matter were significantly correlated only when plants were N-deficient.In the Walpeup LS soil, N-fertilized wheat harvested 33 days after sowing (DAS) took up significantly less soil N compared with unfertilized plants, whereas significantly more soil N was taken up by N-fertilized sunflower compared with unfertilized plants harvested at 54 DAS. The fertilizerinduced response in uptake of soil N was directly related to the observed response in production of root biomass for both species. The different responses were related to the severity of the N deficiency and the limited effectiveness of foliar applications of urea in ameliorating the deficiency.

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Angus, JF, and RA Fischer. "Grain protein responses to nitrogen applied to wheat growing on a red earth." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 42, no. 5 (1991): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9910735.

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Dryland wheat was fertilized with ammonium nitrate or liquid urea-ammonium nitrate at the time of sowing or about 3 months later (generally at the terminal-spikelet stage) on a well-drained site near Harden on the south-west slopes of New South Wales. The experiments continued from the second to the fifth year (1981-1984) of the cropping phase of a crop-pasture rotation. The maximum agronomic efficiencies for yield in the four consecutive years were 19, 4, 23 and 25 kg grain per kg of applied nitrogen (N). The three large responses were obtained in wetter than average seasons and the small response was obtained during drought. In the last three years of the study the yield response to nitrogen at the terminal-spikelet stage was found to be close to but slightly less than that for N applied at sowing. In those years the agronomic efficiencies for the late-applied N were 0, 22 and 22. The apparent recovery of fertilizer N in the above-ground parts of the crop at maturity was up to 70% of the fertilizer applied in the year of sowing, and, after the drought during which there was little uptake of fertilizer N, up to 62% by the subsequent crop. The fertilizer efficiencies in the non-drought years were higher than generally reported in south-eastern Australia, and indicate potential for profitable delayed application of N fertilizer to wheat. Grain-protein responses were variable from year to year and are discussed against a simple theoretical background of the amount of N applied and grain-yield response.

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Alsamir, Muhammed, Esraa Al Samir, T. A. Kareem, Mohammed Abass, and Richard Trethowan. "The application of zinc fertilizer reduces Fusarium infection and development in wheat." JULY 2020, no. 14(7):2020 (July 20, 2020): 1088–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2235.

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Fusarium pseudograminearum and Fusarium graminearum commonly cause crown rot (FCR) and head blight (FHB) in wheat, respectively. Disease infection and spread can be reduced by the deployment of resistant cultivars or through management practices that limit inoculum load. Plants deficient in micronutrients, including zinc, tend to be more susceptible to many diseases. On the other hands, and zinc deficiency in cereals is widespread in Australian soils. Zinc deficiency may have particular relevance to crown rot, the most important and damaging Fusarium disease of wheat and barley in Australia. Four wheat genotypes; Batavia, Sunco and two lines from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) were tested for response to FHB and FCR under differing levels of Zn,1 and 2 g/kg and its correlation with disease severity. Sunco and CIMMYT line 146 were previously rated resistant to crown rot and Zn efficient. Zn application 2 g/kg soil enhanced resistance to FCR of the disease susceptible and Zn in-efficient in Batavia and 48 as its recorded 0.75 and 0.5 respectively compared to Sunco and CIMMYT line 146 as it recorded 0.2 and 0.3 respectively, but did not increase resistance to FHB. However, Zn application did enhance the resistance of Zn efficient genotypes to FHB. Results suggest that higher levels of Zn fertilization could reduce the expression of Fusarium diseases in wheat.

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Woodruff, DR. "'WHEATMAN' a decision support system for wheat management in subtropical Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, no. 7 (1992): 1483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9921483.

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This paper presents the basic relationships used in compiling a decision support system for wheat growers in the subtropical, prime-hard regions of Australia. The major factors addressed by this decision aid are climate variability, soil type and water status; N and P soil status and fertilizer addition; variety phenology, planting time and frost risk; weed infestation. The major decisions involved include fertilizer choice and quantity, choice of the variety development pattern to use for a given planting opportunity, and wild oat control measures. It demonstrates how the output from relatively complex, dynamic wheat models can be used at the farm level by introducing a number of factors (nitrogen status, frost risk, soil water status at planting, grain yield and protein records) measurable and specific to a given farm and/or paddock. The importance of such local measurements, and the consequent tailoring of the output to the user's conditions, on the user's confidence in, and ownership of, the final decision is demonstrated.

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Дисертації з теми "Wheat fertilizers, Australia"

Norrish, Shane A., University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and School of Environment and Agriculture. "Soil and water interactions controlling wheat crop response to phosphorus fertiliser in north-western New South Wales." THESIS_CSTE_EAG_Norrish_S.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/613.

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This thesis examines the response to P fertiliser by wheat crops growing in the vertosol soils of the low rainfall areas of the northern grain zone of eastern Australia. Farmers in this region depend on water accumulated from rainfall over a fallow period and stored in the subsoil to increase wheat grain yield beyond that normally achievable from in-crop rainfall and to decrease the production risks due to rainfall variability. The large variability in stored water, seasonal rainfall and subsoil properties result in extremely varied yield and yield responses to P fertiliser between seasons and between sites. Finally, as a practical guide to predicting wheat response to P fertilizer: 1/. current sampling strategies of determining P only in the surface 10 cm appear to be adequate for soils with bicarbonate P concentrations greater than 15 mg/kg. 2/. For soils with lower concentrations in the surface, sampling of 80 cm is recommended. Crops with a mean concentration of bicarbonate P greater than 7 mg/kg between 10 - 80 cm are unlikely to respond to P fertiliser. 3/. No increase in profitable grain yield response was found for fertiliser applications greater than 10 kg P/ha.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Lotfollahi, Mohammad. "The effect of subsoil mineral nitrogen on grain protein concentration of wheat." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl882.pdf.

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Copy of author's previously published work inserted. Bibliography: leaves 147-189. This project examines the uptake of mineral N from the subsoil after anthesis and its effect on grain protein concentration (GPC) of wheat. The overall objective is to examine the importance of subsoil mineral N and to investigate the ability of wheat to take up N from the subsoil late in the season under different conditions of N supply and soil water availability. Greenhouse experiments investigate the importance of subsoil mineral N availability on GPC of wheat and the factors that contribute to the effective utilisation of N. The recovery of N from subsoil, the effect of split N application on GPC and short term N uptake by the wheat at different rooting densities are also studied.

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Norrish, Shane A. "Soil and water interactions controlling wheat crop response to phosphorus fertiliser in north-western New South Wales." Thesis, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/613.

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Lotfollahi, M. "The effect of subsoil mineral nitrogen on grain protein concentration of wheat / by Mohammad Lotfollahi." 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18896.

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Copy of author's previously published work inserted.
Bibliography: leaves 147-189.
xxi, 189 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
This project examines the uptake of mineral N from the subsoil after anthesis and its effect on grain protein concentration (GPC) of wheat. The overall objective is to examine the importance of subsoil mineral N and to investigate the ability of wheat to take up N from the subsoil late in the season under different conditions of N supply and soil water availability. Greenhouse experiments investigate the importance of subsoil mineral N availability on GPC of wheat and the factors that contribute to the effective utilisation of N. The recovery of N from subsoil, the effect of split N application on GPC and short term N uptake by the wheat at different rooting densities are also studied.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Soil Science, 1997

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Частини книг з теми "Wheat fertilizers, Australia"

Dalal, R. C., W. M. Strong, E. J. Weston, J. E. Cooper, K. J. Lehane, and A. J. King. "Comparison of legumes and fertilizer nitrogen for wheat production in subtropical Australia." In Nitrogen Economy in Tropical Soils, 363–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1706-4_35.

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