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Статті в журналах з теми "Western Port (Vic )"
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Liljeblad, Jonathan. "China, western art museums, and dissident art via social networks." Poster 3, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/post.3.1-2.7_1.
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Munir, Fakhr ul, Nelofar Ihsan, and Sanaullah. "Strategic and Economic Importance of Gwadar for China and other Regional and Western States." Global Economics Review VI, no. III (September 30, 2021): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2021(vi-iii).03.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Gwadar is a deep seaport that played the role of main communication and trade route among India and the Gulf States. In collaboration with China, Gwadar Port has been intended to be connected with Afghanistan and via Afghanistan to Central Asia through road links. If we take the case of the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean, it is Gwadar Port that allows China to counterbalance the Indo-US supremacy. Beijing now has the ability to counterbalance Indian maritime activities in the Indian Ocean by praising and acknowledging this Port. Gwadar Port's distance from Pakistan's Karachi Port and India's Gujarat and Mumbai naval stations allows China to observe Indo-US naval operations in the Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf. Persia Gulf is responsible for over 60% of Beijing's energy supply demands. This phenomenon, in the long run, allows Beijing to monitor and control the sea lanes of communication (SLOCs) from the Persian Gulf to the Indian Ocean and up to the Strait of Hormuz.
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Scott, John K., and Kathryn L. Batchelor. "Management of Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata in Western Australia." Invasive Plant Science and Management 7, no. 1 (March 2014): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-13-00052.1.
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AbstractOne of Australia's most serious weeds, Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata (bitou bush) was recently found for the first time in Western Australia as a well established population in Kwinana, a major port and industrial area south of Perth, the State's capital. This population is remote from other bitou bush infestations in Australia and had escaped detection despite extensive surveys in the same State for the other subspecies that is present in Australia, Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera (boneseed). The main reasons it went undetected are thought to be the tightly controlled access to this area because of mineral processing and port activities, the unusual invasion route via a heavy industrial area and the morphological similarity to a native species when it is not flowering. Two surveys defined the core population of 1038 plants that are spread along the coast over a 25-ha semi-circle with about a 500-m (1640 ft) diameter. Subsequent surveys of first a 500 m buffer zone and later a 1-km (0.621 mi) buffer found four additional plants, indicating that there is considerable potential for dispersal. We concluded that the survey has not delimited the distribution because of the potential and evidence for long distance dispersal. Cooperation by the various land managers has led to all plants being killed, as an initial step to management of this species. Other steps to be undertaken include an awareness campaign in the area that would need to be surveyed for delimitation of the spatial distribution and seed bank assessment to measure potential dispersal both in space and through time. It remains to be determined what is the best strategic response: eradication or containment.
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Kelsey, Rick G., Gladwin Joseph, and Michael G. McWilliams. "Ethanol synthesis by anoxic root segments from five cedar species relates to their habitat attributes but not their known differences in vulnerability to Phytophthora lateralis root disease." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, no. 6 (June 2011): 1202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x11-043.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ethanol synthesis by anoxic root segments from Port Orford cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murray bis) Parl.); yellow cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach); Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.); western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don), and incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin ) was compared to determine whether the amounts that they produced during flooding could contribute the known greater vulnerability of Port Orford cedar to infection by Phytophthora lateralis Tucker & Milbrat. Roots were incubated in water at 5, 15, 25, and 35 °C for 14 days with periodic sampling. After 12 h of anoxic stress, Atlantic white cedar and yellow cedar roots produced equal quantities of ethanol that were about two times more than produced by the other three species, which did not differ from one another. The roots remained anoxic for 14 days, with ethanol concentrations increasing 6 to 11 times depending on the species. After 14 days, Atlantic white cedar remained the highest ethanol producer at two to three times more than the other species, whereas incense cedar yields were the lowest. Yellow cedar, western redcedar, and Port Orford cedar had intermediate levels of ethanol. The similarity in responses of Port Orford cedar to the other species is strong evidence that ethanol is not an important contributor to its known greater vulnerability to P. lateralis infection. In general, root incubation temperature affected ethanol synthesis similarly for all species. Increases in temperature from 5 to 15 °C or 15 to 25 °C doubled the ethanol yields at 12 h. Literature ratings of anaerobic tolerance for these cedars were compared with ratings based on their ethanol yields after 12 h or 14 days of anoxia. The latter rating appears to more closely correspond with the cedars associations to wet, mesic environments and their likelihood of experiencing anoxia via flooding.
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Iqbal, Muhammad Atif, Reza Rezaee, Gregory Smith, and Partha Pratim Mandal. "Implications of thin laminations on pore structure of marine shale reservoir: Goldwyer Formation case study from Western Australia." APPEA Journal 61, no. 1 (2021): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj20025.
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The pore structure of a shale reservoir is a major control on hydrocarbon potential, yet shale pore systems are complex and affected by various factors. This paper focuses on the differences in pore structure between thinly laminated and massive black shale (MBSh) beds in the Ordovician Goldwyer-III shale, Canning Basin, Western Australia. A multiscale approach included image logs, core descriptions, thin sections, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis with low-pressure nitrogen and carbon dioxide gas adsorption tests. The results indicate that the Goldwyer shale comprises laminated beds of quartz silt and shale with thin beds of organic-rich clay, plus minor interbedded carbonate bands or concretions. The pore types are subjected to rock type, and the thinly laminated shale (LSh) is enriched in intergranular and intragranular pores. In contrast, the MBSh mainly comprises organic matter pores. The LSh is slightly enriched in mesopores but has negligible micropores. The mesopores are wedge-shaped and associated with an inorganic matrix of clay and pyrite. In comparison, the MBSh contains both mesopores and micropores. These pores are slit-like and related to organic matter and clay. The clay content and total organic carbon fluctuations control the development of mesopores and micropores in both the laminated and MBSh beds in the Goldwyer-III shale. The MBSh layers are suggested as the most important rock types for fluid flow via pore systems due to higher total pore volume, specific surface area and gas adsorption capacity.
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Zhou, Huan, Qingzhi Wang, Junmin Zhou, Tiaoying Li, Alexis Medina, Stephen Felt, Scott Rozelle, and John Openshaw. "Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) of Cysticercosis in School-Aged Children in Tibetan Rural Farming Areas of Western China: Implications for Intervention Planning." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 5 (March 4, 2019): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050780.
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Neurocysticercosis (NCC) significantly contributes to morbidity in developing countries. We recently published a study of prevalence and risk factors in school-aged children in three mountainous areas in Sichuan province of western China. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) on data from that study to guide intervention planning, here we examine risk factors grouped into three broad interventional categories: sociodemographics, human behavior, and sources of pork and pig husbandry. Because neuroimaging is not easily available, using SEM allows for the use of multiple observed variables (serological tests and symptoms) to represent probable NCC cases. Data collected from 2608 students was included in this analysis. Within this group, seroprevalence of cysticercosis IgG antibodies was 5.4%. SEM results showed that sociodemographic factors (β = 0.33, p < 0.05), sources of pork and pig husbandry (β = 0.26, p < 0.001), and behavioral factors (β = 0.33, p < 0.05) were all directly related to probable NCC in school-aged children. Sociodemographic factors affected probable NCC indirectly via sources of pork and pig husbandry factors (β = 0.07, p < 0.001) and behavioral variables (β = 0.07, p < 0.001). Both sociodemographic factors (β = 0.07, p < 0.05) and sources of pork and pig husbandry factors (β = 0.10, p < 0.01) affected probable NCC indirectly via behavioral variables. Because behavioral variables not only had a large direct effect but also served as a critical bridge to strengthen the effect of sociodemographics and sources of pork and pig husbandry on probable NCC, our findings suggest that interventions targeting behavioral factors may be the most effective in reducing disease.
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Zong, Yanfang, Yaqian Huang, Siyao Chen, Mingzhu Zhu, Qinghua Chen, Shasha Feng, Yan Sun, et al. "Downregulation of Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Pathway Is Involved in Mitochondrion-Related Endothelial Cell Apoptosis Induced by High Salt." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/754670.
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Background. The study aimed to investigate whether endogenous H2S pathway was involved in high-salt-stimulated mitochondria-related vascular endothelial cell (VEC) apoptosis.Methods. Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used in the study. H2S content in the supernatant was detected. Western blot was used to detect expression of cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE), cleaved-caspase-3, and mitochondrial and cytosolic cytochrome c (cytc). Fluorescent probes were used to quantitatively detect superoxide anion generation and measure thein situsuperoxide anion generation in HUVEC. Mitochondrial membrane pore opening, mitochondrial membrane potential, and caspase-9 activities were measured. The cell apoptosis was detected by cell death ELISA and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) methods.Results. High-salt treatment downregulated the endogenous VEC H2S/CSE pathway, in association with increased generation of oxygen free radicals, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, enhanced the opening of mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore and leakage of mitochondrial cytc, activated cytoplasmic caspase-9 and caspase-3 and subsequently induced VEC apoptosis. However, supplementation of H2S donor markedly inhibited VEC oxidative stress and mitochondria-related VEC apoptosis induced by high salt.Conclusion. H2S/CSE pathway is an important endogenous defensive system in endothelial cells antagonizing high-salt insult. The protective mechanisms for VEC damage might involve inhibiting oxidative stress and protecting mitochondrial injury.
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Li, Meng, Na Zhang, Jiao Li, Wanfeng Zhang, Wei Hei, Mengting Ji, Yang Yang, Guoqing Cao, Xiaohong Guo, and Bugao Li. "MiR-23b Promotes Porcine Preadipocyte Differentiation via SESN3 and ACSL4." Cells 11, no. 15 (July 29, 2022): 2339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11152339.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Genetic improvement of pork quality is one of the hot topics in pig germplasm innovation. Backfat thickness and intramuscular fat content are important indexes of meat quality. MiRNAs are becoming recognized as a crucial regulator of adipose development. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how miR-23b regulates fat metabolism at the molecular level. In the present study, Oil Red O staining, and Western blot were used to evaluate the effect of miR-23b on the differentiation of porcine preadipocytes. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, pulldown, and RIP were used to reveal the mechanism of miR-23b regulating cell differentiation. The findings demonstrated that miR-23b promotes the expression of adipogenic factors and increases the content of lipid droplets, thus promoting the differentiation of preadipocytes. Further research found that miR-23b can directly bind to the 3’UTR of SESN3 to regulate adipogenic differentiation. In addition, it was speculated that miR-23b controls cell differentiation by positively regulating the expression of ACSL4 in other ways. Here, we demonstrate that miR-23b promotes the differentiation of porcine preadipocytes by targeting SESN3 and promoting the expression of ACSL4. The present study is meaningful to the improvement of pork quality and the development of animal husbandry.
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Nighot, Meghali, Prashant Nighot, and Thomas Ma. "PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS (PPI) INDUCES COLONIC TIGHT JUNCTION BARRIER (TJ) DYSFUNCTION VIA AN UPREGULATION OF TJ PORE FORMING CALUDIN-2 PROTEIN." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 27, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2021): S27—S28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa347.062.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are highly effective antagonists of gastric acid secretion and are widely used to treat a number of gastroesophageal disorders, including peptic ulcer disease, GERD, and Barrett’s esophagus. PPI-induced elevation in intra-gastric pH and subsequent alterations of gastrointestinal physiology are thought to cause undesired effects on the entire GI tract. Defective intestinal Tight Junction (TJ) barrier is an important pathogenic factor for intestinal inflammation. Claudin-2 is a pore forming TJ protein whose overexpression causes selective increase in TJ permeability to small molecules. Claudin-2 expression is known to be up-regulated in intestinal inflammation and inflammation-associated colon carcinogenesis. The effect of PPI on Intestinal TJ barrier is not known. Aim: The aim of the present study was to study the effect of PPI on Intestinal TJ permeability. Methods A cell culture model of filter grown human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 monolayers, was used to study intestinal epithelial TJ barrier function. The mouse colonic permeability was measured by Ussing chambers studies. Western blot (WB) and Immunofluorescence (IF) was used to study the protein expression of claudin-2 in Caco-2 cells and in mouse colon. Cell surface biotinylation was used to study intracellular trafficking of TJ proteins. Results PPIs, caused a concentration- and time-dependent decrease in transepithelial resistance (TER), and increase in urea flux in filter-grown Caco-2 cells. Further studies on intestinal TJ revealed that PPI caused a significant increase in pore forming TJ protein claudin-2 protein level (western blot), but not mRNA (RT-PCR) in Caco-2 monolayers. Claudin-2 was co-localized to its known intercellular trafficking vesicles, clathrin pits. PPI treatment caused an increase in expression and junctional localization of claudin-2 and a decrease in its cytoplasmic co-localization with clathrin. Similarly, pulse-chase assay showed that the claudin-2 half-life was increased by PPI. In cell surface biotinylation assay, the rate of claudin-2 endocytosis was significantly reduced by PPI. In ex-vivo, Ussing chamber studies, PPI administration for 45 days resulted in a significant decrease in murine colonic TER and increase in urea flux. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis showed that PPI also caused an increase in TJ protein claudin-2 expression in mice colonic mucosa. Conclusion Our results suggest that the PPIs induces colonic TJ permeability via increasing pore forming claudin-2 levels. PPIs affect intracellular trafficking to reduce claudin-2 degradation and increased its junctional localization.
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Pravdic, Danijel, Filip Sedlic, Yasushi Mio, Nikolina Vladic, Martin Bienengraeber та Zeljko J. Bosnjak. "Anesthetic-induced Preconditioning Delays Opening of Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore via Protein Kinase C-ϵ–mediated Pathway". Anesthesiology 111, № 2 (1 серпня 2009): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3181a91957.
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Background Cardioprotection by volatile anesthetic-induced preconditioning (APC) involves activation of protein kinase C (PKC). This study investigated the importance of APC-activated PKC in delaying mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. Methods Rat ventricular myocytes were exposed to isoflurane in the presence or absence of nonselective PKC inhibitor chelerythrine or isoform-specific inhibitors of PKC-delta (rottlerin) and PKC-epsilon (myristoylated PKC-epsilon V1-2 peptide), and the mPTP opening time was measured by using confocal microscopy. Ca-induced mPTP opening was measured in mitochondria isolated from rats exposed to isoflurane in the presence and absence of chelerythrine or in mitochondria directly treated with isoflurane after isolation. Translocation of PKC-epsilon was assessed in APC and control cardiomyocytes by Western blotting. Results In cardiomyocytes, APC prolonged time necessary to induce mPTP opening (261 +/- 26 s APC vs. 216 +/- 27 s control; P < 0.05), and chelerythrine abolished this delay to 213 +/- 22 s. The effect of isoflurane was also abolished when PKC-epsilon inhibitor was applied (210 +/- 22 s) but not in the presence of PKC-delta inhibitor (269 +/- 31 s). Western blotting revealed translocation of PKC-epsilon toward mitochondria in APC cells. The Ca concentration required for mPTP opening was significantly higher in mitochondria from APC rats (45 +/- 8 microM x mg control vs. 64 +/- 8 microM x mg APC), and APC effect was reversed with chelerythrine. In contrast, isoflurane did not protect directly treated mitochondria. Conclusion APC induces delay of mPTP opening through PKC-epsilon mediated inhibition of mPTP opening, but not through PKC-delta. These results point to the connection between cytosolic and mitochondrial components of cardioprotection by isoflurane.
Дисертації з теми "Western Port (Vic )"
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Pacheco, Patricia Soares. "Estudo do metabolismo energético hepático e da via de sinalização da grelina na obesidade induzida por dieta ocidental." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9378.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroA obesidade é um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública que cresce em todo o mundo, resultante de um desequilíbrio entre ingestão alimentar e gasto energético. Pode-se dizer que a obesidade é o principal fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas de maior prevalência como dislipidemias, doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes do tipo 2 e esteatose hepática não alcóolica, acarretando na redução da qualidade e expectativa de vida. A Grelina é um hormônio sintetizado pelo estômago, que atua em diferentes tecidos através de um receptor específico (GHS-R1a), incluindo hipotálamo e tecidos periféricos, como o fígado. Esse hormônio está envolvido no comportamento alimentar e adiposidade, modulando o armazenamento ou utilização dos substratos energéticos no coração, músculo esquelético, adipócitos e fígado, além disso, revela-se de grande importância na manutenção do metabolismo energético hepático. Estes dados suportam a hipótese de que as vias de sinalização responsivas à grelina são um importante componente da regulação do metabolismo energético hepático e da homeostase glicêmica. O objetivo deste trabalho, foi estudar o metabolismo energético hepático e a sinalização da grelina em camundongos Swiss adultos obesos submetidos a dieta ocidental rica em gordura saturada e carboidratos simples. Avaliamos o efeito desta dieta a partir do 21 dia de idade (desmame) até o 133 dia destes animais, através de parâmetros biométricos e bioquímicos, avaliação histomorfológica, respirometria de alta resolução, conteúdo de glicogênio hepático e conteúdo de algumas proteínas envolvidas na sinalização de insulina e grelina, além do metabolismo energético hepático. Baseado em nossos resultados observamos que o consumo de dieta ocidental rica em gordura saturada e carboidrato simples durante 16 semanas causa hiperfagia, levando ao quadro de obesidade na idade adulta e prejuízo nas vias de sinalização dos hormônios insulina e grelina, que são importantes moduladores do metabolismo energético hepático, favorecendo o desenvolvimento de esteatose hepática não alcoólica.
Obesity is a major public health problem growing around the world, resulting from an imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure. Obesity is one of the main risk factor for developing the most prevalent chronic diseases as dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fat liver disease, resulting in lower life expectancy and quality of life. Ghrelin is a hormone synthesized into the stomach, which has an important role in different tissues by a specific receptor (GHS-R1a), including the hypothalamus and peripheral tissues such as the liver. This hormone is involved in feeding behavior and adiposity by modulating storage or use of energy substrates in heart, skeletal muscle, adipocytes and liver. Moreover, Ghrelin is important in maintaining liver energy metabolism. These data support the hypothesis that ghrelin signaling pathways is a key component in the regulation of energy metabolism and hepatic glucose homeostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatic energy metabolism and signaling of ghrelin in obese adults Swiss mice fed the Western diet, rich in saturated fat and simple carboidrate. We analyzed the effect of this diet starting from 21 days of age (weaning) up to 133 days, using biometric and biochemical parameters, histomorphological assessment, high resolution respirometry, hepatic glycogen content and proteins content involved in insulin and ghrelin signaling besides the hepatic energy metabolism. Based on our results we found that the consumption of rich Western diet for 16 weeks promoves overeating leading to obesity in adulthood, metabolic desorders and impairment in signaling pathways of hormones insulin and ghrelin, which are important metabolic modulators of liver energy, contributing to the development of NAFLD.
Книги з теми "Western Port (Vic )"
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Two minds of a western poet: Essays. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 2011.
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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill: An act to amend the act 27 Vict. c. 50, incorporating the London and Canadian Loan and Agency Company (Limited). Ottawa: I.B. Taylor, 2002.
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Sripati, Vijayashri. Constitution-Making under UN Auspices. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199498024.001.0001.
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As an 18th century ‘standard of civilization,’ the Western liberal constitution has since been integral to public international law and colonial trusteeship. This book is the first comprehensive treatment of the ostensible purposes why international organizations have internationalized this Constitution: from the League of Nations in Danzig, to the UN starting from Libya in 1949, and from 1989-2018, in more than forty poor states including most recently in Colombia and The Gambia. This pioneering study sets the Constitution’s internationalization via United Nations Constitutional Assistance (UNCA) at centre-stage. The Constitution’s salience makes its post-1989 rise via UNCA the most significant post-Cold War development, one which has spawned and shaped all other legal and political developments. For example, the internationalization of this Constitution (subsumed under the ‘rule of law’ label) drives the famed post-1989 rule of law movement, shaping all sectors from electoral, judicial, security, and parliamentary to international criminal and transitional justice. This Constitution’s internationalization is traced, from France’s drafting of Turkey’s 1856 monetary laws, British lawyer, Travis Twiss’ drafting of Congo’s 1885 constitution to the constitutional assistance offered by the League of Nations during the inter-war period and from 1949, by its successor, the United Nations and through a combined historical international constitutional framework, UNCA’s legitimacy is appraised. Through this new constitutional history of trusteeship, Sripati demonstrates that creating an equitable order requires considering seriously why sovereign states’ constitution-making is being internationalized. The book concludes by arguing that UNCA continues its trusteeship role. UNCA makes a new fiscally oriented addition to the ‘standards of civilization’: ‘transparent, inclusive and participatory’ constitution-making.
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Socher, Johannes. Russia and the Right to Self-Determination in the Post-Soviet Space. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192897176.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As a concept of international law, the right to self-determination is widely renowned for its lack of clarity. Broadly speaking, one can differentiate between a liberal and a nationalist tradition. In modern international law, the balance between these two opposing traditions is sought in an attempt to contain or ‘domesticate’ the nationalist conception by limiting it to ‘abnormal’ situations, that is to colonialism in the sense of ‘alien subjugation, domination and exploitation’. Essentially, this distinction between ‘normal’ and ‘abnormal’ situations has since, the distinction was made, been the heart of the matter in the legal discourse on the right to self-determination, with the important qualification regarding the need to preserve existing borders. This book situates Russia’s approach to the right to self-determination in that discourse by way of a regional comparison vis-à-vis a ‘Western’ or European perspective, and a temporal comparison with the former Soviet doctrine of international law. Against the background of the Soviet Union’s role in the evolution of the right to self-determination, the bulk of the book analyses Russia’s relevant state practice in the post-Soviet space through the prisms of sovereignty, secession, and annexation, illustrated by a total of seven case studies on the conflicts over Abkhazia, Chechnya, Crimea, Nagorno-Karabakh, South Ossetia, Tatarstan, and Transnistria. Complemented by a review of the Russian scholarship on the right to self-determination, it is suggested that Russia’s approach may be best understood not only in terms of power politics disguised as legal rhetoric, but can be seen as evidence of traits of a regional (re-)fragmentation of international law.
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Lerner, Adam B. From the Ashes of History. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197623589.001.0001.
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This book theorizes collective trauma as a foundational force in international politics—a shock to political cultures that can both make and break international institutions. Though scholars of international relations and related disciplines have historically paid outsize attention to the onset of mass violence, as well as the changes it causes in the balance of power or security calculations, far less attention has been paid to its indirect longer-term impacts, particularly as they manifest as collective trauma. This book argues that collective trauma can not only shape the divisions between “us” and “them” that constitute the international system but also frame logics of interaction over the course of generations. The first half of the book develops a theoretical framework for understanding collective trauma as an emergent phenomenon, outlining both how it translates from individual to social (and vice versa) and how it interacts with diverse political conditions and competing priorities. The second half turns to three historical cases examining colonialism as collective trauma in post-independence India, the Holocaust’s constitutive role in Israeli foreign policy imaginaries, and the influence of the post-traumatic stress disorder diagnosis on the US global war on terror. Taken together, these cases demonstrate collective trauma’s foundational role in international politics, as well as the larger potential benefits of a “trauma turn” for the international relations discipline. This reorientation, the book demonstrates, is particularly vital as scholars work to combat the discipline’s Western bias and better account for the legacy of structural injustice and oppression.
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Riquet, Johannes. The Aesthetics of Island Space. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832409.001.0001.
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The Aesthetics of Island Space discusses islands as central figures in the modern experience of space. It examines the spatial poetics of islands in literary texts (from The Tempest to The Hungry Tide), journals of explorers and scientists (such as Cook and Darwin), and Hollywood cinema (e.g. The Hurricane and King Kong), tracing how islands have offered vivid perceptual experiences as well as a geopoetic oscillation between the poetic energies of words and images and the material energies of the physical world. Its chapters focus on America’s island gateways (e.g. Roanoke and Ellis Island), tropical islands (e.g. Tahiti and imagined South Sea islands), the islands of the Pacific Northwest, and mutable islands (e.g. the volcanic and coral islands in Wells’s fiction). The book argues that the modern voyages of discovery posed considerable perceptual challenges to spatial experience, and that these challenges were negotiated via the poetic engagement with islands. Postcolonial theorists maintain that islands have been imagined as geometrical abstractions subjected to the colonial gaze. There is, however, a second story of islands in the Western imagination which runs parallel to this colonial story: the experience of islands in the age of discovery also went hand in hand with a disintegration of received models of global space. Rethinking (post-)phenomenological, geocritical, and geopoetic theories, The Aesthetics of Island Space suggests that the modern encounters with islands as mobile and shifting territories implied a diversification of spatial experience, and explores how this disruption is registered and negotiated by non-fictional and fictional responses.
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Stamenkoviç, Marko, ed. Resistance. 2nd ed. punctum books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0384.1.00.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
esistance features a selection of overtly non-conformist positions in the contemporary visual art scene of Albania vis-à-vis the most recent social, political, and economic turmoils in the Western Balkans – a region marked by the dark side of political governances that have remained “democratic” in their outward appearance (especially toward the European Union), while dramatically leaning toward autocratic regimes in the eyes of their own citizens. Regardless of their citizens’ primary interests, and despite some positive signals surfacing in the international media, almost every attempt to establish lasting conditions for democratic governance in the Western Balkans has been shrouded in the veil of profit-driven political scandals, personal greed for more and more power over the people’s rights, and the extinction of public property in pursuit of social elite’s corporate and private interests. Additionally, and more specifically related to Tirana, artists and citizens have, over the years, been involved in various types of revolt, expressing their disagreements with the ongoing destruction of public property in the name of “modernization and development”: a movement led by local political powers through financially and strategically motivated processes of architectural cannibalism – not only at the expense of erasing Albanian cultural heritage or long-term residents’ habitats, but also at the expense of taking human lives under the pretext of “urbanization.” The most obvious instance of this economy of destruction was the complex of buildings linked to the National Theater of Albania in downtown Tirana that has served as a symbolic and material place of citizens’ resistance: for more than two years, together with local artists, they have been opposing the government’s plans to demolish the old complex in order to build a new one – until this finally happened in Spring 2020, in the midst of the ongoing COVID19 pandemic. Rooted in the atmosphere of the National Theater Protests in Tirana, RESISTANCE was conceived in Summer 2019 by ZETA Center for Contemporary Art as the International Artists-in-Residence Program, in cooperation with three partner organizations from Kosovo, Serbia and North Macedonia (Stacion – Center for Contemporary Art in Prishtina; Ilija & Mangelos Foundation in Novi Sad; and Faculty of Things That Can’t Be Learned in Bitola) and supported by Swiss Cultural Fund in Albania, a project of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation. Gradually, the project expanded into an exhibition (Heterotopias of Resistance, curated by Blerta Hoçia and featuring works by Lori Lako, Fatlum Doçi, Edona Kryeziu, Nina Galiç, Darko Vukiç, Nikola Slavevski, and Natasha Nedelkova) and a series of interviews and panel discussions (with contributions by Lindita Komani, Edmond Budina, Ervin Goci, Ergin Zaloshnja, Pleurad Xhafa, Gentian Shkurti, Stefano Romano, Luçjan Bedeni, HAVEIT, Leonard Qylafi, Jonida Gashi, and Fatmira Nikolli). The results of both have been collected and presented in the format of a publication that, besides serving as an indispensable reading material concerning visual arts and politics in contemporary Albania, especially to those abroad, functions by itself as a form of resistance against contagious cultural policies in weak post-socialist “democracies” in Southeastern Europe.
Частини книг з теми "Western Port (Vic )"
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Moutselos, Michalis, and Georgia Mavrodi. "Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Greek Citizens Abroad." In IMISCOE Research Series, 227–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51245-3_13.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The policies of the Greek state vis-à-vis Greek citizens residing abroad are better developed in some areas (pension, cultural/education policy), but very embryonic in others (social protection, family-related benefits). The institutions representing and aggregating the interests of the Greek diaspora, such as the General Secretariat for Greeks Abroad and the World Council of Hellenes abroad of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, reflect earlier periods of Greek migration during the post-war period, but meet less adequately the needs of recent migrants, especially following the post-2010 Greek economic crisis. At the same time, political parties continue to play an active role in the relationship between diaspora and the homeland. The policies of the Greek state, especially when exercised informally or with regard to cultural and educational programs, are also characterized by an emphasis on blood, language and religious ties, and are offshoots of a long-standing history of migration to Western Europe, North America and Australia. Possible developments, such as the long-overdue implementation of the right to vote from abroad, an official registrar for Greek citizens residing abroad, new programs of social protection in Greece and new economic incentives for return might change the diaspora policies of the Greek state in the next decades.
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Bozzo, Luciano. "La guerra pensata: narrazioni, teoria, prassi." In Studi e saggi, 69–79. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-595-0.06.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study of war and strategy has been at the core of the theory of international relations since the birth of the academic discipline. Strategy is a key factor in any conflict, first of all in violent conflicts. Military strategy is the bridge between politics and war. Strategic studies have mainly focused on military doctrines and the means to wage war for too long a time. Limited attention was paid to the cultural dimension of violent confrontations. Then, in the second half of the XX century the Western attention to the technological dimension of war became almost obsessive. However, if war is the continuation of politics by other means we must be aware that the human factor is of utmost importance among those “means”. The willingness of soldiers to sacrifice their life on the battlefield is the precondition to wage war. At the same time, it is also the basis of any political obligation. Hence, death is the continuation of politics by other means. Various “narratives” of war have been created in history in order to justify the individual commitment to fight and eventually die in war to attain political aims. Starting in the classical age the Western world has been developing two related narratives of war: the republican model and the decisive battle one. According to the first one the good citizen was a good soldier too, and vice-versa, while the second required the concentration of violence in space and time to break the enemy’s will to fight in the shortest possible time. The two concepts gave both moral and military sense to the violent, insensate, and chaotic environment of the battle. After the end of the cold war in most Western countries such a way of thinking on the relationship between war and politics has been undermined by several factors, first of all the unwillingness to sacrifice one’s life in war. The readiness to die in order to attain a political aim has almost vanished. On the contrary, the concept of the “decisive battle” has survived thanks to technological evolution. As a consequence, on the one hand, old figures of warriors reappeared on the battlefield: soldiers of fortune, God’s fighters, pirates, and criminals. On the other, the unwillingness to die coupled to the strategic archetype of the decisive battle is bringing more and more machines and AI into war, making it both post-heroic and post-human.
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Brunstetter, Daniel R. "Imagining jus post vim." In Just and Unjust Uses of Limited Force, 89–129. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192897008.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Standard accounts of just war follow a chronological path: deliberating whether to go to war (jus ad bellum), considering what can be done in war (jus in bello), and determining the responsibilities after war’s end (jus post bellum). This chapter challenges the chronological timeline by arguing that understanding jus post vim, or the justice after limited force, is paramount to discerning the just and unjust uses of limited force. Placing the emphasis on the post-force environment first shifts the focus onto the achievable ends, which then recalibrates the goals, and, by consequence, the means employed to achieve them. The chapter thus begins by distinguishing between jus post bellum and jus post vim, with one of the main differences being that the latter is necessarily a form of truncated victory. This circumscribed nature of victory has ethical implications insofar as many of the lofty goals sometimes associated with jus post bellum (rehabilitation, regime change, war crimes trials, etc.) are not feasible objectives of using limited force. Drawing on the classical just war doctrine’s emphasis on the pursuit of order and justice, the chapter identifies the re-establishment and containment principles as markers of moral truncated victory and the committed pursuit of long-term peace. These jus post vim principles reflect the heavy moral lifting that diplomatic measures play in the pursuit of peace once truncated victory is achieved. The chapter concludes by linking jus post vim to conciliation, inviting deeper engagement with non-Western peace practices and traditions.
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Galmard, Eric. "Languages, Speech and Voice: The Heritage of Jean Rouch and Pier Paolo Pasolini in Convention: Black Wall / White Holes." In Post-1990 Documentary. Edinburgh University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748694136.003.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter analyzes Joris Lachaise's documentary approach in Convention: Black Wall/White Holes (2011), in order to identify how, as a Western filmmaker filming ‘Africa’ today, he positions himself vis-à-vis the double cinematic heritage of the French ethno-filmmaker and Italian film poet. This heritage seems of particular interest for contemporary independent documentary films. Indeed, in the context of modern cinema of the 1960s, Paolo Pasolini and Lachaise, in their own particular styles, drew a new path for the documentary film and broke away from the conventions of the genre. Pasolini developed a kind of film project against didactic and close-ended documentaries, while Rouch tried to report (or even adopt) the Other's point of view and thus broke away from colonial cinema, in which the dominating voice of the coloniser always prevailed. More specifically, this chapter will analyse the functions of speech, language and voice in the film Convention, because they are at the core of our interrogations concerning this heritage.
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Zavlunov, Daniil. "Glinka in Soviet and Post-Soviet Historiography: Myths, Realities and Ideologies." In Russian Music since 1917. British Academy, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266151.003.0011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The advent of glasnost’ prompted a reassessment of many aspects of Russia’s musical past, especially in regard of key figures such as the composer Mikhail Glinka. The revisionism that swept Glinka scholarship in Russia itself thereafter promised much: new and better understanding of Glinka and his music, investigation of previously forbidden topics and reassessment of the sources. Although recent Russian studies have sought to re-contextualise and to reappraise the composer’s life and works in relation to the Western European musical tradition, problematically, this revisionist scholarship tends to fall victim to the clichés that it would seek to avoid: Glinka’s divergence from selected models is generally attributed not to his personal style, but to his Russianness, forcing us to perpetuate the myth of Glinka’s musical uniqueness vis-à-vis his nationality.
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Winter, Lieven De, and Patrick Dumont. "Belgium: From Highly Constrained and Complex Bargaining Settings to Paralysis?" In Coalition Governance in Western Europe, 81–123. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868484.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
While Belgium undoubtedly had the most complex coalition bargaining system in Western Europe during the period 1946–1999, it has become much more difficult for parties to form federal governments ever since. Contrary to a number of European countries, government formation complexity did not peak due the emergence of brand-new parties, nor of any new cleavage. Rather, in Belgium the main ingredients pre-existed: party system fragmentation—which was already high since unitary parties had split along linguistic lines—skyrocketed as the mainstream parties around which post-war coalitions were formed further declined in size, confronting some (in)formateurs with up to ten coalitionable parties. Their task has been further complicated by the growing saliency and Flemish radicalization of the community cleavage which led to the rise of the independentist N-VA, whose positions remain unacceptable for any French-speaking party. As a result, Belgium has often been left without a fully empowered government, the partisan composition of coalitions broke away from previous patterns, and the coalition compromise model, which was already solidly entrenched in the consociational norms and practices since the 1960s, was further elaborated. Coalition partners keep tabs on each other through compromise mechanisms and policy-monitoring devices such as long and detailed coalition agreements, the enhanced role of the inner cabinet composed of the PM and the vice-PMs of each coalition party, and strictly enforced coalition discipline in legislative matters. But, given the increasingly unbridgeable divides between Flemish- and French-speaking parties, the deadlock observed could well lead to the demise of Belgium.
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Chouliaraki, Lilie, and Myria Georgiou. "Visibility and Responsibility in News Imagery." In The Digital Border, 128–47. NYU Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479844319.003.0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chapter 5 interrogates the photojournalism of migration during the “migration crisis.” Rather than focusing on narrative voice as a site for migrant agency, this chapter takes its point of departure visual representation as a site for the articulation of western responsibility vis-à-vis migrant arrivals. Approaching photojournalism as a moralizing project that invites its publics to offer a response to the spectacle of migration, the chapter reflects upon five key patterns of migrant visibility across 51 front-page online images from five EU national news websites: the patterns of monitorial, charitable, securitizing, activist, and post-humanitarian responsibility. Despite this broad range of civic proposals, we argue, the news’ economy of visibility systematically employs strategies of dehumanization that represent the migrant as a deeply ambivalent figure, whether this is as a body-in-need, a powerless child, a racial “other,” a celebrity token, or a sentimental drawing. In so doing, this analysis invites readers to fundamentally rethink understandings of journalism’s own responsibility towards migrants and how its imagery positions audiences as responsible publics of western news on migration.
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Vidal, Cécile. "Introduction When the Levees Rose." In Caribbean New Orleans, 1–42. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469645186.003.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The introduction presents the book’s argument according to which it is more accurate to view eighteenth-century New Orleans as a Caribbean port city than as a North American one, as its late foundation, its position within the French Empire, and its connections with Saint-Domingue explain why the interplay of slavery and race profoundly shaped its society from the outset. It situates the book vis-à-vis Louisiana and Atlantic historiographies on urban slavery, slave societies, and racial formation, arguing that historians need to move away from a comparative history of racial slavery in the Western Hemisphere that contrasts the Caribbean and North America as two distinctive models. Finally, the introduction discusses how the book draws on two methodological approaches in order to analyze how racial formation unfolded under the influence of global, regional, and local circumstances: it practices a situated Atlantic history and develops a microhistory of race within the urban center.
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Harding, D. W. "Mobility in Prehistory and Early Historic Times." In Rewriting History, 103–21. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817734.003.0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For most of the twentieth century migration and invasion were the default explanation of material culture change in archaeology. This model was largely derived from the record of documentary history, which not only recorded the Gaulish diaspora of later prehistory but the migrations that resulted in the breakup of the Roman Empire. The equation of archaeological distributions—the formula ‘pots = people’—was a model adopted and promoted by Gordon Childe, and remained fundamental to archaeological interpretation into the 1960s. Thereafter diffusionism was discredited among British prehistorians, though less so among European archaeologists and classical or historical archaeologists. Even the Beaker phenomenon became a ‘cult package’ rather than the product of settlers, and it is only as a result of more recent isotopic and DNA analyses that the scale of settlement from the continent introducing Beakers has begun to be demonstrated. Other factors in culture contact including long-distance trade have long been evident, for example, from the distribution of finds of Baltic amber from Northern and North-Western Europe to the Mediterranean, or the distribution of continental pottery and glass via the western seaways in the post-Roman period.
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Donovan, Tricia, and Janet Paterson-Weir. "eCampusAlberta." In Global Challenges and Perspectives in Blended and Distance Learning, 124–36. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3978-2.ch010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
eCampusAlberta is one of the fastest growing online consortia in North America. It currently provides over sixty credentials fully online to learners in hundreds of communities across Alberta, Canada. Developed in 2002, eCampusAlberta is a consortium of fifteen publicly funded colleges, polytechnics, and universities in western Canada. This strategic partnership was developed by senior executives across the institutions in an effort to increase access to online learning opportunities province-wide. The consortium leveraged existing networks of senior executive officers and informed leaders across the member institutions to build a framework to support the implementation of the consortium. Since its inception, eCampusAlberta has inspired collaboration across member institutes and has had a significant transformative effect on the post-secondary landscape in Alberta. To date, over 47,000 learners have participated in courses offered via the consortium.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Western Port (Vic )"
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Hui, Mun-Hong, Brad Mallison, Sunil Thomas, Pierre Muron, Xu Xue, Matthieu Rousset, Evan Earnest, Hai Vo, Keith Ramsaran, and Clair Jensen. "An Integrated EDFM+DPDK Hybrid Workflow for Hierarchical Treatment of Fractures in Practical Field Studies." In SPE Western Regional Meeting. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209293-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Natural fracture systems comprise numerous small features and relatively few large ones. At field scale, it is impractical to treat all fractures explicitly. We represent the largest fractures via Embedded Discrete Fracture Modeling (EDFM) and account for smaller ones using a dual-porosity, dual-permeability (DPDK) idealized representation of the fracture network. The hierarchical EDFM+DPDK approach uses consistent discretization schemes and efficiently simulates realistic field cases. Further speed-up can be obtained using aggregation-based upscaling. Capabilities to visualize and post-process simulation results facilitate understanding for effective management of fractured reservoirs. The proposed approach embeds large discrete fractures as EDFM within a DPDK grid (which contains both matrix and idealized fracture continua for smaller fractures), and captures all connections among the triple media. In contrast with existing EDFM formulations, we account for discrete fracture spacing within each matrix cell via a new matrix-fracture transfer term and employ consistent assumptions for classical EDFM and DPDK calculations. In addition, the workflow enables coarse EDFM representations using flow-based cell-aggregation upscaling for computational efficiency, as well as finite-volume tracer-based flux post-processing to analyze production allocation and sweep. Using a synthetic case, we show that the proposed EDFM+DPDK approach provides a close match of simulation results from a reference model that represents all fractures explicitly, while providing runtime speedup. It is also more accurate than previous standard EDFM and DPDK models. We demonstrate that the matrix-fracture transfer function agrees with flow-based upscaling of high-resolution fracture models. Next, the automated workflow is applied to a waterflooding study for a giant carbonate reservoir, with an ensemble of stochastic fracture realizations. The overall workflow provides the computational efficiency needed for performance forecasts in practical field studies, and the 3D visualization allows for the derivation of insights into recovery mechanisms. Finally, we apply a flux post-processing scheme on simulation results to understand expected waterflood performance.
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Akyol, Mustafa. "WHAT MADE THE GÜLEN MOVEMENT POSSIBLE?" In Muslim World in Transition: Contributions of the Gülen Movement. Leeds Metropolitan University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55207/nagx1827.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Turkey’s most powerful and popular Islamic community, the Fethullah Gülen movement, is also a very moderate one, which embraces liberal democracy and promotes inter-faith toler- ance and dialogue. This paper asks what socio-political conditions enabled this movement to emerge, get established and grow as successfully as it has. The legacy of late Ottoman modernisation, which sought a synthesis of Islamic and modern Western values, assisted the Muslims of Republican Turkey to embrace democracy and es- tablish good relations with the West. Post-war Turkey’s peaceful interaction with the West — via free markets and international institutions — must have been a factor. So too it must be relevant that Turkey was never colonised by Western powers or even occupied for a long time (military interventions by the West in other Muslim countries have provoked quite radi- cal, not moderate, Islamic responses). The paper discusses the historical roots and social dynamics in Turkey that enabled the kind of ‘moderate Islam’ represented by the Gülen movement. That effort could provide lessons for other Muslim countries. It is all but taken for granted that the Islamic world needs some kind of ‘reform’. Élitist and autocratic calls for ‘top–down’ efforts to reshape Islam notwith- standing, what is really needed is to build the social environment (security, freedom, democ- racy, economic opportunity) that will enable a new kind of Muslim, who will, eventually, search for new meanings in traditional texts.
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Faust, Maria. "Revitalizing Eastern and Western Online Communication: A Micro-Meso-Macro Link of Temporal Digital Change." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.2-2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper explains in a de-westernized sense (Gunaratne, 2010) how internet-mediated communication changes the way we deal with and plan time both individually and culturally in Germany and China. Therefore, it blends Western and Eastern culture and media theories. The paper focuses on two distinct phenomena: temporal change due to social media, and Online journalism, as the core of Internet-mediated communication (for Germany 39% communication, media use 24% Projektgruppe ARD/ZDF-Multimedia, 2016; for China 90.7% instant messaging, 82% Internet news China Internet Network Information Center, 2017), with other temporal change via smart devices touched upon (Ash, 2018). General research on time in post modern societies, recently more focused on media’s temporal change phenomena (e.g. Barker, 2012; Barker, 2018; Castells, 2010; Eriksen, 2001; Hartmann, 2016; Hassan, 2003; Innis, 2004; Neverla, 2010a, 2010b; Nowotny, 1995; Rantanen, 2005; Wajcman, 2010; Wajcman and Dodd) has not yet linked the different societal and cultural levels of temporal change. Thus, we suggest the following to fill this research gap: For a micro perspective the notions of network theories (e.g. Granovetter, 1973; Schönhuth, 2013), media synchronicity (Dennis, Fuller, and Valacich, 2008) and the idea of permanent connectivity (Sonnentag, Reinecke, Mata, and Vorderer, 2018; van Dijck, 2013; Vorderer, Krömer, and Schneider, 2016) are linked. On a meso level, institutional change in Online journalism with a focus on acceleration is modeled (Ananny, 2016; Bødker and Sonnevend, 2017; Dimmick, Feaster, and Hoplamazian, 2011; Krüger, 2014; Neuberger, 2010). On a macro level, mediatization theory (Couldry and Hepp, 2017; Krotz, 2001, 2012) and recent acceleration theory (Rosa, 2005, 2012, 2017) is discussed. The levels are systematically linked suggesting a micro-meso-macro-link (Quandt, 2010) to then ask if and how many of the dimensions of the construct temporal understanding (Faust, 2016) can be changed through Internet-mediated communication. Temporal understanding consists of nine dimensions: General past, general future, instrumental experience (monochronicity), fatalism, interacting experience (polychronicity), pace of life, future as planned expectation and result of proximal goals as well as future as trust based interacting expectation and result of present positive behavior. Temporal understanding integrates the anthropological construct of polychronicity (Bluedorn, Kalliath, Strube, and Martin, 1999; Hall, 1984; Lindquist and Kaufman-Scarborough, 2007), pace of life (Levine, 1998) and temporal horizon (Klapproth, 2011) into a broader framework which goes beyond Western biased constructs through the theory driven incorporation of Confucian notions (Chinese Culture Connection, 1987). Finally, meta trends are laid out.
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Remoto, Júlia Maranghetti, Maria Eduarda Ramos Cezine, Paulo Henrique Cavalcanti De Araújo, and Mariana Kiomy Osako. "EXPRESSÃO DE RANK-RANKL-OPG NA DIFERENCIAÇÃO DE CÉLULAS MUSCULARES ESQUELÉTICAS." In I Congresso Nacional On-line de Biologia Celular e Estrutural. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1947.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introdução: O sistema RANK-RANKL-OPG é constituído pelo receptor RANK, o ligante RANKL e o receptor solúvel Osteoprotegerina (OPG). Esse sistema tem importante papel na regulação de processos fundamentais ao tecido ósseo, como a remodelação óssea. A literatura descreve o papel da via de sinalização RANK-RANKL na regulação da atividade de retículos sarcoplasmáticos no tecido muscular, bem como a participação de OPG na redução de fraqueza muscular e restauração de fibras em casos de distrofia muscular em camundongos. Dessa forma, destaca-se a relevância de estudos sobre a unidade osso-músculo e a atividade de proteínas solúveis na comunicação e homeostase desses tecidos. Objetivo: Verificar a expressão de RANK-RANKL-OPG ao longo do processo de diferenciação de miotubos in vitro. Materiais e Métodos: A linhagem de mioblastos C2C12 foi cultivada em meio DMEM suplementado com 10% de soro fetal bovino, 100U/ml de penicilina e 100 μg/ml de estreptomicina em estufa a 37ºC e 5% de CO2. A diferenciação em miotubos foi realizada durante cinco dias em DMEM suplementado com 2% soro equino. Estímulos com RANKL foram realizados ao longo da diferenciação, renovados a cada 48h. A análise da expressão gênica e proteica de RANK, RANKL e OPG foram realizadas por RT-qPCR utilizando o kit QuantiFast SYBR® Green (Qiagen®) e western blot, respectivamente. A dosagem de RANKL e OPG no sobrenadante foi realizada pelo kit ELISA Kit (R&D Systems®). Resultados: A expressão proteica de RANK e OPG aumentou, destacando-se a maior expressão de OPG no terceiro dia de diferenciação. Observamos um aumento significativo de OPG no sobrenadante de células no 3º dia de diferenciação, enquanto RANKL foi indetectado. Além do aumento na expressão gênica de OPG, houve aumento na expressão de MyoD e MF20, fundamentais para a diferenciação de miotubos. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem a ação de RANKL na indução da diferenciação de miotubos e também apontam que RANKL pode atuar como uma osteocina na regulação do músculo esquelético e este, por sua vez, pode regular este estímulo por meio da expressão de OPG. Assim, estes dados preliminares indicam um papel inédito da sinalização RANK-RANKL-OPG em processos fisiológicos da fibra muscular esquelética.
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Sarver, Nava, and George A. Ricca. "SUSTAINED EXPRESSION OF FULL LENGTH AND VARIANT RECOMBINANT FACTOR VIII IN GENETICALLY ENGINEERED CELLS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643875.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A major effort is presently underway to provide factor VIII (FVIII) in a form free of viral pathogens via a recombinant DNA approach. We have constructed two chimeric FVIII cDNA vectors based on the bovine papillomavirus mammalian expression system. The first vector (FVIII) contained a full length FVIII cDNA; the second vector (AFVIII) contained a cDNA insert with an extensive deletion, corresponding to amino acid residues 747 to 1560 in the region encoding the "B" domain. This internal region is removed during activation of the parental FVIII molecule and is believed not to be required for coagulant activity. We have found that recombinant FVIII produced by stable cell lines harboring either the full length or the variant FVIII was capable of restoring coagulant activity to FVIII deficient plasma in. vitro. This expressed activity was neutralized by anti-FVIII antibodies. Similar to observations with FVIII derived from human plasma, the two recombinant FVIII forms were (i) inactivated by the chelating agent EDTA, (ii) demonstrated a biphasic response of an initial activation followed by a decay in activity when treated with thrombin, and (iii) presented the expected peptide banding pattern by western blot analyses. A higher percentage of ΔFVIII transformants were isolated expressing coagulant activity compared to transformants harboring the complete FVIII cDNA. Among the positive transformants isolated, those harboring ΔFVIII produced higher levels of coagulant activity than their full length counterparts. Comparable steady state levels of FVIII specific transcripts were detected in FVIII and ΔFVIII transformants indicating that the difference in expression levels is due to a post transcriptional event(s). Our study demonstrates the efficacy of a full length and an abridged recombinant FVIII produced by stably transformed cells in correcting coagulation deficiency in. vitro. It further suggests the potential usefulness of other molecular variants for efficient expression in genetically engineered cells.
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Choi, Joel, Nickolas David Manning, Lourdes Ivonne Carvajal Valdez, Kourosh Razmgar, David Keith Manning, Mehdi Dabiri, Gordon Weathers, Ali Saeedi, Ryan Scott Guillory, and Fairus Azwardy Bin Salleh. "An Integrated Holistic Well Productivity Improvement (WPI) Approach: Infill Wells of an Offshore Oilfield Experiencing Unexpected Declining Production." In SPE Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210773-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper discusses the integrated approach for investigating the declining production rates in an offshore Basin located in Western Balingian province, Malaysia. Four infill wells drilled in 2017 have suffered formation damage that has severely limited production rates. Re-perforation and stimulation attempts have resulted in some improvement, but the problem of declining production rates persisted. The work was conducted in two phases. Phase-1 focussed on understanding the damage mechanisms associated with existing wells. Testing the existing Reservoir Drill-In Fluid (RDIF) with static Permeability Plugging Apparatus (PPA) and dynamic Wellbore Conditioning Test (WCT) with reservoir core plug samples allowed for a base case result. The RDIF, and more specifically bridging package, was then optimised via static and dynamic testing to include sized calcium carbonate with reduced barite loading to reduce filter cake invasion. During dynamic testing, it was apparent that critical velocity or kaolinite fines migration was another contributing factor to the formation damage. It was proposed at the end of this phase that critical velocity testing be conducted to further understand and target the problem. As all previous reservoir core plug material had been exhausted or were unsuitable for testing, it was recommended that freshly cut cores be used in the next phase of testing. Furthermore, if the core material was of initial, non-produced state without the influence of production fluid flow on the reservoir matrix, it would allow for significant information to investigate the declining production rates as well as increasing well productivity. The ensuing six well drilling campaign utilised the optimised RDIF from Phase-1. One well drilled with the optimised fluid acquired 27 Rotary Side-Wall Cores (RSWC) with no flowback production conducted on the well, ensuring that core plugs were in a virgin state post drilling. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of freshly cut RSWC plugs confirmed the RDIF used having minimal filter cake invasion in the new wells. This result was in-line with the results from the laboratory, providing a benchmark for the fluid system in the field. Phase-2 of the study utilised the RSWC plugs in investigating critical velocity rates of different reservoir sections within the offshore field. Testing involved scaled down-hole production rates with reservoir-matched production fluid viscosity and monitoring differential pressure across a core plug. Critical velocity events were confirmed in the laboratory testing and the results were upscaled for individual reservoir units in the field. Well unloading rates were applied in the field and significant improvement in well productivity was observed. This paper ultimately highlights the importance of exploring the integrated "results matter" approach to analyse the contributing damage mechanisms and discovering solutions for well productivity.
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Gurbuz, Mustafa. "PERFORMING MORAL OPPOSITION: MUSINGS ON THE STRATEGY AND IDENTITY IN THE GÜLEN MOVEMENT." In Muslim World in Transition: Contributions of the Gülen Movement. Leeds Metropolitan University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55207/hzit2119.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper investigates the Gülen movement’s repertoires of action in order to determine how it differs from traditional Islamic revivalist movements and from the so-called ‘New Social Movements’ in the Western world. Two propositions lead the discussion: First, unlike many Islamic revivalist movements, the Gülen movement shaped its identity against the perceived threat of a trio of enemies, as Nursi named them a century ago – ignorance, disunity, and poverty. This perception of the opposition is crucial to understanding the apolitical mind-set of the Gülen movement’s fol- lowers. Second, unlike the confrontational New Social Movements, the Gülen movement has engaged in ‘moral opposition’, in which the movement’s actors seek to empathise with the adversary by creating (what Bakhtin calls) ‘dialogic’ relationships. ‘Moral opposition’ has enabled the movement to be more alert strategically as well as more productive tactically in solving the everyday practical problems of Muslims in Turkey. A striking example of this ‘moral opposition’ was witnessed in the Merve Kavakci incident in 1999, when the move- ment tried to build bridges between the secular and Islamist camps, while criticising and educating both parties during the post-February 28 period in Turkey. In this way the Gülen movement’s performance of opposition can contribute new theoretical and practical tools for our understanding of social movements. 104 | P a g e Recent works on social movements have criticized the longstanding tradition of classify- ing social movement types as “strategy-oriented” versus “identity-oriented” (Touraine 1981; Cohen 1985; Rucht 1988) and “identity logic of action” versus “instrumentalist logic of ac- tion” (Duyvendak and Giugni 1995) by regarding identities as a key element of a move- ment’s strategic and tactical repertoire (see Bernstein 1997, 2002; Gamson 1997; Polletta 1998a; Polletta and Jasper 2001; Taylor and Van Dyke 2004). Bifurcation of identity ver- sus strategy suggests the idea that some movements target the state and the economy, thus, they are “instrumental” and “strategy-oriented”; whereas some other movements so-called “identity movements” challenge the dominant cultural patterns and codes and are considered “expressive” in content and “identity-oriented.” New social movement theorists argue that identity movements try to gain recognition and respect by employing expressive strategies wherein the movement itself becomes the message (Touraine 1981; Cohen 1985; Melucci 1989, 1996). Criticizing these dualisms, some scholars have shown the possibility of different social movement behaviour under different contextual factors (e.g. Bernstein 1997; Katzenstein 1998). In contrast to new social movement theory, this work on the Gülen movement indi- cates that identity movements are not always expressive in content and do not always follow an identity-oriented approach; instead, identity movements can synchronically be strategic as well as expressive. In her article on strategies and identities in Black Protest movements during the 1960s, Polletta (1994) criticizes the dominant theories of social movements, which a priori assume challengers’ unified common interests. Similarly, Jenkins (1983: 549) refers to the same problem in the literature by stating that “collective interests are assumed to be relatively unproblematic and to exist prior to mobilization.” By the same token, Taylor and Whittier (1992: 104) criticize the longstanding lack of explanation “how structural inequality gets translated into subjective discontent.” The dominant social movement theory approaches such as resource mobilization and political process regard these problems as trivial because of their assumption that identities and framing processes can be the basis for interests and further collective action but cannot change the final social movement outcome. Therefore, for the proponents of the mainstream theories, identities of actors are formed in evolutionary processes wherein social movements consciously frame their goals and produce relevant dis- courses; yet, these questions are not essential to explain why collective behaviour occurs (see McAdam, McCarthy, and Zald 1996). This reductionist view of movement culture has been criticized by a various number of scholars (e.g. Goodwin and Jasper 1999; Polletta 1997, 1999a, 1999b; Eyerman 2002). In fact, the debate over the emphases (interests vis-à-vis identities) is a reflection of the dissent between American and European sociological traditions. As Eyerman and Jamison (1991: 27) note, the American sociologists focused on “the instrumentality of movement strategy formation, that is, on how movement organizations went about trying to achieve their goals,” whereas the European scholars concerned with the identity formation processes that try to explain “how movements produced new historical identities for society.” Although the social movement theorists had recognized the deficiencies within each approach, the attempts to synthesize these two traditions in the literature failed to address the empirical problems and methodological difficulties. While criticizing the mainstream American collective behaviour approaches that treat the collective identities as given, many leading European scholars fell into a similar trap by a 105 | P a g e priori assuming that the collective identities are socio-historical products rather than cog- nitive processes (see, for instance, Touraine 1981). New Social Movement (NSM) theory, which is an offshoot of European tradition, has lately been involved in the debate over “cog- nitive praxis” (Eyerman and Jamison 1991), “signs” (Melucci 1996), “identity as strategy” (Bernstein 1997), protest as “art” (Jasper 1997), “moral performance” (Eyerman 2006), and “storytelling” (Polletta 2006). In general, these new formulations attempt to bring mental structures of social actors and symbolic nature of social action back in the study of collec- tive behaviour. The mental structures of the actors should be considered seriously because they have a potential to change the social movement behaviours, tactics, strategies, timing, alliances and outcomes. The most important failure, I think, in the dominant SM approaches lies behind the fact that they hinder the possibility of the construction of divergent collective identities under the same structures (cf. Polletta 1994: 91). This study investigates on how the Gülen movement differed from other Islamic social move- ments under the same structural factors that were realized by the organized opposition against Islamic activism after the soft coup in 1997. Two propositions shall lead my discussion here: First, unlike many Islamic revivalist movements, the Gülen movement shaped its identity against perceived threat of the triple enemies, what Nursi defined a century ago: ignorance, disunity, and poverty. This perception of the opposition is crucial to grasp non-political men- tal structures of the Gülen movement followers. Second, unlike the confrontational nature of the new social movements, the Gülen movement engaged in a “moral opposition,” in which the movement actors try to empathize with the enemy by creating “dialogic” relationships.