Увійти

Готові списки джерел за темами / West African coastal zone / Книги

Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: West African coastal zone.

Книги з теми "West African coastal zone"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 28 вересня 2022

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями

Оберіть тип джерела:

Ознайомтеся з топ-40 книг для дослідження на тему "West African coastal zone".

Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.

Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.

Переглядайте книги для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.

1

Diop, Salif, Jean-Paul Barusseau, and Cyr Descamps, eds. The Land/Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone of West and Central Africa. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06388-1.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

2

M, Evans S., Vanderpuye C. J, Armah A. K, Dove Marine Laboratory, and University of Ghana. Dept. of Oceanography & Fisheries, eds. The coastal zone of West Africa: Problems and management : proceedings of an international seminar, 23-28 March, 1996, Accra, Ghana. Sunderland, UK: Penshaw Press, 1997.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

3

S, Khan Ahmed. Sustainable ocean development: An initiative for the management and protection of the marine and coastal resources of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) sub-region. Banjul, The Gambia: UNIGAM, 2002.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

4

South West Regional Coastal Management Workshop (1994 Busselton, W.A.). South West Regional Coastal Management Workshop: Proceedings : convened by the South West Regional Coastal Management Coordinating Committee at Busselton, Western Australia, on April 18, 1994. [Western Australia?: s.n., 1995.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

5

Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Protection, Management, and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Eastern African Region (1985 Nairobi, Kenya). Action plan for the protection, management, and development of the marine and coastal environment of the Eastern African region. Geneva, Switzerland: UNEP, 1985.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

6

Barker, Timothy D. G. A plan for coastal zone integrated resource management in a developing South West Pacific Island country. Fredericton, N.B: Dept. of Surveying Engineering, University of New Brunswick, 1991.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

7

The transformation of coastal wetlands: Exploitation and management of marshland landscapes in North West Europe during the Roman and medieval periods. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

8

An evaluation of the viability of a single monetary zone in ECOWAS. Nairobi: African Economic Research Consortium, 2005.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

9

Stienbarger, Douglas M. Tenure and alley farming: A literature review, with particular reference to the West African humid zone. Madison, Wis: Land Tenure Center, University of Wisconsin-- Madison, 1990.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

10

Hildreth, Richard G. Marine use conflicts arising from development of seabed hydrocarbons and minerals: Some approaches from the United States West Coast. Corvallis, Or: Oregon Sea Grant, Oregon State University, 1989.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

11

Ethnicity and the colonial state: Finding and representing group identifications in a coastal West African and global perspective (1850-7960). Boston: Brill, 2016.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

12

Ghartey, Edward E. A common currency and exchange rate system for the West African monetary zone: Is the coronation approach feasible? Christiansborg, Accra, Ghana: Institute of Economic Affairs, 2005.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

13

Agbo, Bernard Philibert. Restoring crop productivity in West Africa: The potential of agroforestry ; long-term mulching and fertilizer effects on maize and cassava intercropping in the West African subhumid zone. Weikersheim: Margraf, 1999.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

14

Falconer, Julia. The major significance of "minor" forest products: The local use and value of forests in the West African humid forest zone. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1990.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

15

New Jersey. Legislature. Senate. Environment Committee. Committee meeting of Senate Environment Committee: Senate bill nos. 138 and 2645 : Senate bill no. 138 establishes the Hooked on Fishing-Not on Drugs program; Senate bill no. 2645 establishes the NJ Coastal and Ocean Protection Council : [September 17, 2007, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, New Jersey]. Trenton, N.J: New Jersey Office of Legislative Services, Public Information Office, Hearing Unit, 2007.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

16

Croitoru, Lelia, Juan José Miranda, and Maria Sarraf. The Cost of Coastal Zone Degradation in West Africa. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/31428.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

17

Dalhousie University. Centre for African Studies., ed. Oceans and coastal development in West Africa: Regional and national potentials. Halifax, N.S., Canada: Centre for African Studies, Dalhousie University, 1985.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

18

United Nations. Dept. of International Economic and Social Affairs., ed. Unconsolidated mineral deposits in the exclusive economic zone: A resource search methodology and its application to the West African coastal zone. New York: United Nations, 1985.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

19

India. Central Pollution Control Board., ed. Integrated coastal zone management plan for West Bengal. Delhi: Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India, 2001.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

20

M, Taylor P., Parker J. G, and Hamilton Oil Company, eds. The coast of North Wales & North West England: An environmental appraisal. (London): (Hamilton Oil Company), 1993.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

21

1922-, Bose A. N., Sea Explorers' Institute, and National Workshop on Coast-Zone Management of West Bengal (1989 : Calcutta), eds. Coast zone management of West Bengal: Proceedings of the All India Workshop, 14-16 December 1989, Calcutta. Calcutta: Sea Explorers' Institute, 1990.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

22

Institute, West African Monetary, ed. Programmes for macroeconomic convergence in the West African Monetary Zone, 2003-2005. Accra Ghana: West African Monetary Institute, 2003.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

23

Institute, West African Monetary, ed. Payments system study in the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ): Strategy and policy framework. Accra, Ghana: West African Monetary Institute, 2004.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

24

Congleton, John D., Kenyon C. Lindeman, and David M. Bush. Living with Florida's Atlantic Beaches: Coastal Hazards from Amelia Island to Key West (Living with the Shore). Duke University Press, 2004.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

25

Rippon, Stephen. The Transformation of Coastal Wetlands: Exploitation and Management of Marshland Landscapes in North West Europe during the Roman and Medieval Periods ... Academy Postdoctoral Fellowship Monographs). British Academy, 2001.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

26

Unconsolidated mineral deposits in the exclusive economic zone: A resource search methodology and its application to the West African CoastalZone. New York: United Nations, 1985.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

27

Kogbe, C. A. Micropaleontology and Biostratigraphy of the Coastal Basins of West Africa (Fourth in the Special Series of the Journal of African Earth). Elsevier Science Pub Co, 1986.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

28

United Nations Environment Programme. GPA Co-ordination Office and United Nations Environment Programme. West and Central Africa Action Plan. Regional Co-ordinating Unit, eds. Overview of land-based sources and activities affecting the marine, coastal and associated freshwater environment in the West and Central African region. [The Hague]: United Nations Environment Programme, 1999.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

29

West Africa and the Global Financial Crisis. Africa World Press, 2012.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

30

M, Bush David, ed. Living on the edge of the Gulf: The West Florida and Alabama coast. Durham [NC]: Duke University Press, 2001.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

31

Neal, William J., Deborah F. Pilkey, Norma J. Longo, Luciana S. Esteves, and David M. Bush. Living on the Edge of the Gulf: The West Florida and Alabama Coast (Living with the Shore). Duke University Press, 2001.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

32

Neal, William J., Deborah F. Pilkey, Norma J. Longo, Luciana S. Esteves, and David M. Bush. Living on the Edge of the Gulf: The West Florida and Alabama Coast (Living with the Shore). Duke University Press, 2001.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

33

Programme, United Nations Environment, United Nations, and Convention for Co-operation in the Protection and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the West and Central African Region (1981), eds. Rules of procedure for meetings and conferences of the contracting parties to the Convention for Co-operation in the Protection and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the West and Central African Region. Nairobi: The Programme, 1988.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

34

Green, Toby, Philip J. Havik, and F. Ribeiro da Silva. African Voices from the Inquisition, Vol. 1. British Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266762.001.0001.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This book contains some of the richest written material in existence for precolonial West Africa with unique insights into daily life in an Afro-Atlantic coastal trade settlement. Presenting the complete translated and annotated text of the Inquisition trial of Crispina Peres, an African woman born in the Guinea-Bissau region, of a Portuguese father and an African mother, it documents the Portuguese Inquisition's religious persecution of Africans on African soil. Set in a slave port in 17th century West Africa, the trial focuses on the worldview of an African woman accused of engaging in African rites and witchcraft, who is imprisoned and brought before Inquisitioners in Lisbon. It highlights her resourcefulness, resilience and spirited defence of her innocence, providing precious details on her life, household, work, health and social and commercial networks in this understudied African region.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

35

Cook, Kerry H. Climate Change Scenarios and African Climate Change. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.545.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Accurate projections of climate change under increasing atmospheric greenhouse gas levels are needed to evaluate the environmental cost of anthropogenic emissions, and to guide mitigation efforts. These projections are nowhere more important than Africa, with its high dependence on rain-fed agriculture and, in many regions, limited resources for adaptation. Climate models provide our best method for climate prediction but there are uncertainties in projections, especially on regional space scale. In Africa, limitations of observational networks add to this uncertainty since a crucial step in improving model projections is comparisons with observations. Exceeding uncertainties associated with climate model simulation are uncertainties due to projections of future emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases. Humanity’s choices in emissions pathways will have profound effects on climate, especially after the mid-century.The African Sahel is a transition zone characterized by strong meridional precipitation and temperature gradients. Over West Africa, the Sahel marks the northernmost extent of the West African monsoon system. The region’s climate is known to be sensitive to sea surface temperatures, both regional and global, as well as to land surface conditions. Increasing atmospheric greenhouse gases are already causing amplified warming over the Sahara Desert and, consequently, increased rainfall in parts of the Sahel. Climate model projections indicate that much of this increased rainfall will be delivered in the form of more intense storm systems.The complicated and highly regional precipitation regimes of East Africa present a challenge for climate modeling. Within roughly 5º of latitude of the equator, rainfall is delivered in two seasons—the long rains in the spring, and the short rains in the fall. Regional climate model projections suggest that the long rains will weaken under greenhouse gas forcing, and the short rains season will extend farther into the winter months. Observations indicate that the long rains are already weakening.Changes in seasonal rainfall over parts of subtropical southern Africa are observed, with repercussions and challenges for agriculture and water availability. Some elements of these observed changes are captured in model simulations of greenhouse gas-induced climate change, especially an early demise of the rainy season. The projected changes are quite regional, however, and more high-resolution study is needed. In addition, there has been very limited study of climate change in the Congo Basin and across northern Africa. Continued efforts to understand and predict climate using higher-resolution simulation must be sustained to better understand observed and projected changes in the physical processes that support African precipitation systems as well as the teleconnections that communicate remote forcings into the continent.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

36

Norrgård, Stefan. Changes in Precipitation Over West Africa During Recent Centuries. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.536.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Water, not temperature, governs life in West Africa, and the region is both temporally and spatially greatly affected by rainfall variability. Recent rainfall anomalies, for example, have greatly reduced crop productivity in the Sahel area. Rainfall indices from recent centuries show that multidecadal droughts reoccur and, furthermore, that interannual rainfall variations are high in West Africa. Current knowledge of historical rainfall patterns is, however, fairly limited. A detailed rainfall chronology of West Africa is currently only available from the beginning of the 19th century. For the 18th century and earlier, the records are still sporadic, and an interannual rainfall chronology has so far only been obtained for parts of the Guinea Coast. Thus, there is a need to extend the rainfall record to fully understand past precipitation changes in West Africa.The main challenge when investigating historical rainfall variability in West Africa is the scarcity of detailed and continuous data. Readily available meteorological data barely covers the last century, whereas in Europe and the United States for example, the data sometimes extend back two or more centuries. Data availability strongly correlates with the historical development of West Africa. The strong oral traditions that prevailed in the pre-literate societies meant that only some of the region’s history was recorded in writing before the arrival of the Europeans in the 16th century. From the 19th century onwards, there are, therefore, three types of documents available, and they are closely linked to the colonization of West Africa. These are: official records started by the colonial governments continuing to modern day; regular reporting stations started by the colonial powers; and finally, temporary nongovernmental observations of various kinds. For earlier periods, the researcher depends on noninstrumental observations found in letters, reports, or travel journals made by European slave traders, adventurers, and explorers. Spatially, these documents are confined to the coastal areas, as Europeans seldom ventured inland before the mid-1800s. Thus, the inland regions are generally poorly represented. Arabic chronicles from the Sahel provide the only source of information, but as historical documents, they include several spatiotemporal uncertainties. Climate researchers often complement historical data with proxy-data from nature’s own archives. However, the West African environment is restrictive. Reliable proxy-data, such as tree-rings, cannot be exploited effectively. Tropical trees have different growth patterns than trees in temperate regions and do not generate growth rings in the same manner. Sediment cores from Lake Bosumtwi in Ghana have provided, so far, the best centennial overview when it comes to understanding precipitation patterns during recent centuries. These reveal that there have been considerable changes in historical rainfall patterns—West Africa may have been even drier than it is today.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

37

Whitehead, Neil L. Native Americans and Europeans. Edited by Nicholas Canny and Philip Morgan. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199210879.013.0004.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The first sustained encounters between Europeans and native peoples of America in the fifteenth century were temporally episodic and geographically uneven. The prevailing winds and currents across the Atlantic nonetheless pushed European shipping repeatedly towards northern South America and the Caribbean region, as in the first voyage of Christopher Columbus. From this initial zone of contact European expeditions ranged to the south and west, enumerating rivers and assessing opportunities for trade and plunder. Within a decade of Columbus' first landfall under the flag of Spain, Portuguese expeditions had reported on the coastal regions of Brazil, followed in the 1530s and 1540s by reports from expeditions into the river basins of the Amazon and Orinoco. The organisation of production within native economies was largely domestically based and kinship relations were the basis for the organisation of agriculture and hunting.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

38

Elbourne, Elizabeth. Africa. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199644636.003.0012.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Anglicanism had a limited institutional presence in Africa in the long eighteenth century, not least because the British were largely confined to slave forts before the acquisition of the Cape Colony and Sierra Leone at the end of the period. The relationship between Anglicanism and certain regions of Africa was shaped from the outset by slavery and the slave trade. This chapter focuses on the coastal regions of West Africa and to a more limited extent southern Africa, and includes discussion of African–British educational networks, the growing British abolitionist movement, and the foundation of Sierra Leone as an abolitionist and putatively Anglican colony beset by contradictions. Where Anglicanism did spread it was done by Africans, foreshadowing later developments, ironically often through networks created by colonialism and the slave trade.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

39

Treves, Tullio. Introductory Note. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190848194.003.0017.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

ITLOS has handed out in 2015 two provisional measures orders and an advisory opinion. The Provisional Measures Order of 25 April 2015, in the maritime delimitation case between Ghana and Cote d’Ivoire, was adopted by an ad hoc Chamber of the Tribunal. It accepts for the first time in ITLOS jurisprudence the “plausibility” test for the merits submission as a prerequisite of a provisional measures order In the Provisional Measures Order of 24 August 2015 on the Enrica Lexie incident between Italy and India, the provisional measure prescribed consists in that both parties suspend or refrain from initiating proceedings which might aggravate the dispute submitted to the Annex VII Arbitral Tribunal. The Advisory Opinion of 2 April 2015, upon the request of a West African fisheries commission, rejects the view that ITLOS in its full formation lacks advisory jurisdiction. It throws light on the obligations of the flag state of vessels fishing in the exclusive economic zone of another state and on the role of the European Union.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

40

Higham, Charles F. W., and Nam C. Kim, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Early Southeast Asia. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199355358.001.0001.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Southeast Asia is one of the most significant regions in the world for tracing human prehistory over a period of 2 million years. Migrations from the African homeland saw settlement by Homo erectus and Homo floresiensis. Anatomically Modern Humans reached Southeast Asia at least 60,000 years ago to establish a hunter-gatherer tradition, adapting as climatic change saw sea levels fluctuate by over 100 meters. From about 2000 BC, settlement was affected by successive innovations that took place to the north and west. The first rice and millet farmers came by riverine and coastal routes to integrate with indigenous hunters. A millennium later, knowledge of bronze casting penetrated along similar pathways. Copper mines were identified, and metals were exchanged over hundreds of kilometers as elites commanded access to this new material. This Bronze Age ended with the rise of a maritime exchange network that circulated new ideas, religions and artifacts with adjacent areas of present-day India and China. Port cities were founded as knowledge of iron forging rapidly spread, as did exotic ornaments fashioned from glass, carnelian, gold, and silver. In the Mekong Delta, these developments led to an early transition into the state known as Funan. However, the transition to early states in inland regions arose as a sharp decline in monsoon rains stimulated an agricultural revolution involving permanent plowed rice fields. These twin developments illuminate how the great early kingdoms of Angkor, Champa, and Central Thailand came to be, a vital stage in understanding the roots of modern states.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Ми пропонуємо знижки на всі преміум-плани для авторів, чиї праці увійшли до тематичних добірок літератури. Зв'яжіться з нами, щоб отримати унікальний промокод!