Статті в журналах: "Welfare economies"

1

Mirrlees, J. "WELFARE ECONOMICS AND ECONOMIES OF SCALE." Japanese Economic Review 46, no. 1 (March 1995): 38–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5876.1995.tb00004.x.

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2

Aktas, Emin Efecan. "Long-run effects of human development and public governance on economic welfare: New evidence from transition economies." Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Rijeci: časopis za ekonomsku teoriju i praksu/Proceedings of Rijeka Faculty of Economics: Journal of Economics and Business 40, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 147–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18045/zbefri.2022.1.147.

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The study attempts to gauge the impact of human development and public governance quality on economic welfare in the long term. The basic proposal of the analysis is that economic growth and/or development cannot be the measurement of the value of economic performance. For this reason, the Economic Prosperity Index, developed by the “Legatum Institute” is the dependent variable of the linear logarithmic model estimated in the paper. Besides, the measurement of economic welfare, (public) governance quality, which neoclassical economics ignored for a certain period, is considered an important input to human development. By taking these two variables into the research center, the study sights the rise in the prosperity (welfare) of 31 transition economies that achieved intense development after the 2000s from 2007 to 2020. Transition economies are selected owing to the rapid development and strong welfare effects they have reached with the millennium. So, the main hypothesis of the research is that transition economies have high human development and good governance that creates economic prosperity. By applying this research question, cross-sectional dependence and slope homogeneity tests, unit root tests, and co-integration tests, the author has conducted the lag length selection before the long-run relationship. Comprehensive analysis findings reveal that both indicators enhance economic prosperity by positively affecting them in the long run and that some of the deviations are improved.

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3

Asheim, Geir B. "Comparing the welfare of growing economies." Revue d'économie politique 121, no. 1 (2011): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/redp.211.0059.

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4

BROAD, JOHN. "PARISH ECONOMIES OF WELFARE, 1650–1834." Historical Journal 42, no. 4 (December 1999): 985–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x99008766.

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This article argues for a more holistic approach to understanding the Old Poor Law. Using three detailed case studies from southern England, it focuses on the dynamics of differing social groups within the parish. It also looks at the role of the law, looking beyond the statutes to the parts played by King's Bench, Quarter Sessions and individual justices and petty sessions in creating a diversity of experiences for the poor. However, it also stresses the differential access to charitable funds, common rights, and poor relief in individual communities, and the ways in which parish elites attempted to put the total available resources to what they saw as the best uses. From 1650 to 1780 these combined resources allowed a generally humane approach to the treatment of poverty and misfortune, and maintained the independence of the cottager and labourer in southern England. Only after 1780 when population rose sharply and rural employment shrank did the flexibility of combined charitable and rate-based relief founder and more drastic devices were employed to cope with basic needs. In this process the independence of the labourer and cottager was undermined, charitable sources were marginalized, and the seeds were sown for the acceptance of the New Poor Law.

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5

Foster, James E., Mukul K. Majumdar, and Tapan Mitra. "Inequality and welfare in market economies." Journal of Public Economics 41, no. 3 (April 1990): 351–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(90)90066-q.

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6

Mandal, Avijit. "Welfare Effect of Free Trade Agreements: A Theoretical Note." Foreign Trade Review 54, no. 2 (March 17, 2019): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732519831806.

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Kemp and Wan (1976, Journal of International Economics, 6(1), 95–97) show that customs unions can be welfare enhancing if the imports from the rest of the world (ROW) by the union members are fixed both before and after the formation of the union. This note extends their argument to the case of (a) two small open economies (SOEs) joining a free trade agreement (FTA) and (b) a single SOE joining a pre-existing FTA among similar economies. The particular compensation principle considered is the one suggested by Grinols (1981, Journal of International Economics, 11(2), 259–266). According to this argument, welfare gain is ensured if tariff revenue rises in the post-FTA situation. For our case, this compensation principle translates to the following: welfare gain can be ensured only when import from ROW (with whom the FTA was not signed) rises. Since this will amount to a (meaningless) negative trade diversion effect in the context of the FTA, the source of any such revenue rise has to be external. The general conclusion of the article is therefore that it may be impossible for an FTA per se to ensure increased welfare for SOEs. JEL Codes: F13, F15

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7

Pires, Cesaltina Pacheco, and Margarida Catalão-Lopes. "Economies of Scope, Entry Deterrence and Welfare." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 13, no. 1 (June 4, 2013): 419–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2012-0078.

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Abstract This paper develops a model where the incumbent may expand to a related market to signal economies of scope and deter entry in the former market. We show that the incumbent only expands when scope economies are large enough. Thus expansion is a signal of larger economies of scope and, for certain parameter values, leads to entry deterrence. Although our game is two-period, the expansion strategy creates a long-term advantage. We further investigate the implications of prohibiting an entry-deterrent expansion. A major finding is that, in our model, this prohibition always decreases consumer surplus. In terms of global welfare, the impact is ambiguous but negative for many parameter values.

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8

Campbell, Donald E. "A Generalization of the Second Theorem of Welfare Economics for Nonconvex Economies." International Economic Review 29, no. 2 (May 1988): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2526662.

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9

OBINGER, HERBERT, STEPHAN LEIBFRIED, CLAUDIA BOGEDAN, EDITH GINDULIS, JULIA MOSER, and PETER STARKE. "8 Welfare state transformation in small open economies." European Review 13, S1 (March 2005): 161–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798705000244.

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We examine whether a fundamental change in the core dimension of modern 20th century statehood, the welfare state, has become evident in response to changed exogenous and endogenous challenges. By combining quantitative and qualitative approaches we take stock of social policy development in four advanced welfare states – Austria, Denmark, New Zealand and Switzerland – over the last 30 years. Neither spending patterns nor structural changes support a ‘race to the bottom thesis’, according to which the changed environment of welfare state policies has led to a downward spiral in benefit provision. On the contrary, we show that social spending levels have risen, mainly due to a catch-up of former welfare state laggards. In structural terms, a blurring of welfare regimes can be observed. This twofold process can be described as dual convergence.

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10

Tohyama, Hironori. "Varieties of Asian welfare capitalisms and the influence of globalization." Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy 31, no. 1 (February 2015): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21699763.2014.982154.

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Asian welfare capitalisms as well as advanced economies face the risks associated with globalization. In order to understand how Asian welfare capitalisms respond to globalization, it is essential to describe the institutional diversity of Asian welfare capitalisms and the welfare–risk nexus. This paper defines four types of Asian welfare capitalisms based on social spending data and investigates the welfare–risk nexus by focusing on globalization risks, such as a globalized production process, trade openness, and financial integration. The empirical results based on multiple factor analysis and cluster analysis clearly show that Asian welfare capitalisms are heterogeneous and that four clusters can be found in the welfare–risk nexus based on the dimensions present in Asian economies in the 2000s. This analysis stresses that globalization has different effects on these types of Asian welfare capitalisms according to their welfare–risk nexuses.

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11

Furusawa, Taiji, and Hideo Konishi. "A welfare decomposition in quasi-linear economies." Economics Letters 85, no. 1 (October 2004): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2004.02.017.

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12

Kokonas, Nikolaos, and Herakles Polemarchakis. "Debt and welfare in economies with land." Economic Theory 64, no. 4 (July 1, 2016): 805–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00199-016-0986-z.

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13

Persson, Torsten. "Deficits and intergenerational welfare in open economies." Journal of International Economics 19, no. 1-2 (August 1985): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1996(85)90019-4.

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14

Peruffo, Luiza, Pedro Perfeito da Silva, and André Moreira Cunha. "Capital Account Regulation and National Autonomy: The Political Economy of the New Welfare Economics." Contexto Internacional 43, no. 1 (April 2021): 173–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-8529.2019430100008.

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Abstract The 2007-2009 Global Financial Crisis (GFC) eroded the consensus around the benefits of capital mobility within mainstream economics. Against this background, this paper discusses to what extent the new mainstream position on capital flow management measures, based on the New Welfare Economics, expands the policy space of developing and emerging economies (DEEs). This paper argues that the new position can be classified as an embedded neoliberal one, given that it keeps liberalization as its ultimate goal, while nonetheless accepting to mitigate some of its harmful consequences. After comparing the capital account policies of China and Brazil, this paper concludes that the policy prescriptions of the New Welfare Economics do not lead to higher levels of national autonomy for DEEs and are likewise unable to curb financial instability in these countries.

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15

Hausman, Daniel M. "Liberalism, Welfare Economics, and Freedom." Social Philosophy and Policy 10, no. 2 (1993): 172–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500004192.

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With the collapse of the centrally controlled economies and the authoritarian governments of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet republics, political leaders are, with appreciable public support, espousing “liberal” economic and political transformations—the reinstitution of markets, the securing of civil and political rights, and the establishment of representative governments. But those supporting reform have many aims, and the liberalism to which they look for political guidance is not an unambiguous doctrine.

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16

Ganßmann, Heiner. "Rheinische vs. atlantische Wohlfahrtsstaaten: stabile Gegensätze oder verschwindende Unterschiede?" PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 34, no. 136 (September 1, 2004): 375–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v34i136.621.

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One of the main questions in recent debates on the future of welfare states has been whether globalization or structural economic change will lead to convergence. To answer that question, the liberal welfare state of the United States and the conservative continental European welfare states are related to differences in the respective capitalist economies, using Soskice´s distinction of liberal and coordinated market economies. Welfare states are described in terms of their performance in three fields: protection against labor market risks, protection against poverty and reduction of income inequalities. Performance differences remain impressive and can be summarily ascribed to the continuing dominant reliance of US capitalism on the threat of immiseration to induce work performance. While continental European production regimes typically use more positive work incentives, some pressures in European economies, especially the relentless push for income redistribution in favor of the rich and the weakness of unions, increase the probability of convergence.

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17

Pritchard, David. "Protest Events, Welfare Generosity, and Welfare State Regimes." Contention 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/cont.2019.070203.

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This article examines data from the Cross-National Time-Series Data Archive and the Comparative Welfare Entitlements Dataset on protest events, levels of welfare generosity (the extent to which welfare protection is provided by non-market actors), and welfare state regimes in 18 advanced industrialized countries across the period 1971–2002. Using a direct measure of protest events in terms of frequency of riots, demonstrations, general strikes, political assassinations, and attempted revolutions, the article finds that there is a significant relationship between welfare generosity, welfare state regimes, and protest events. The findings demonstrate that more extensive welfare arrangements—conceptualized through the use of empirical data—not only ameliorate social disadvantages and thus legitimate market economies and capital accumulation, but also bring about stability and social order.

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18

Esping-Andersen, Gosta. "The three political economies of the welfare state." Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie 26, no. 1 (July 14, 2008): 10–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-618x.1989.tb00411.x.

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19

SUNEL, ENES. "Welfare Consequences of Gradual Disinflation in Emerging Economies." Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 50, no. 4 (April 25, 2018): 705–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jmcb.12478.

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20

Jiang, Ting. "Globalization and welfare spending across 21 transitional economies." International Journal of Comparative Sociology 55, no. 5 (October 2014): 429–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020715214559787.

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21

Senay, Ozge. "INTEREST RATE RULES AND WELFARE IN OPEN ECONOMIES." Scottish Journal of Political Economy 55, no. 3 (July 2008): 300–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9485.2008.00455.x.

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22

Murrell, Peter. "Can Neoclassical Economics Underpin the Reform of Centrally Planned Economies?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 5, no. 4 (November 1, 1991): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.5.4.59.

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This paper addresses whether neoclassical economics can provide the intellectual underpinning for a theory of reform. I examine whether the neoclassical model satisfies an essential condition to qualify for this role: does it give us a satisfactory explanation for the vast differences in performance between capitalist and socialist economic systems? First, I focus on the theoretical arguments that have traditionally been used to examine the comparative properties of central planning and markets. I show that developments within theory over the last 20 years have substantially changed the tone of these arguments, making their message more equivocal. Next I discuss empirical evidence, but of a particular sort. Much research shows that centrally planned economies perform less well than market economies; but few studies test whether the superiority of market economies appears within empirical models derived using the framework of basic neoclassical economics. Those studies are the relevant ones for the present exercise. The central conclusion is that economists must look outside the standard models of competition, the focus on Pareto-efficient resource allocation, and the welfare theorems to build a theory of reform.

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23

Korpi, Walter. "Power Resources and Employer-Centered Approaches in Explanations of Welfare States and Varieties of Capitalism: Protagonists, Consenters, and Antagonists." World Politics 58, no. 2 (January 2006): 167–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wp.2006.0026.

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The power resources approach, underlining the relevance of socioeconomic class and partisan politics in distributive conflict within capitalist economies, is challenged by employer-centered approaches claiming employers and cross-class alliances to have been crucial in advancing the development of welfare states and varieties of capitalism. Theoretically and empirically these claims are problematic. In welfare state expansion, employers have often been antagonists, under specific conditions consenters, but very rarely protagonists. Well-developed welfare states and coordinated market economies have emerged in countries with strong left parties in long-term cabinet participation or in countries with state corporatist institutional traditions and confessional parties in intensive competition with left parties.

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24

Krampf, Arie. "What do workers want? Institutional complementarity as a mechanism of social change." Journal of Institutional Economics 15, no. 5 (September 12, 2019): 881–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137419000122.

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AbstractThis article presents a theory of social protection expansion in late-developing open economies based on actors’ perceptions of complementarity. Drawing on recent theories of institutional change and political economic theories of welfare regimes, the article explains why in late-developing open economies, processes of liberalization often result in social welfare expansion. The explanation is based on the existence of institutional complementarity between the production regime and the social welfare regime. The article offers an agent-based theory of change according to which actors – state or market actors – are likely to promote welfare expansion amid their expectations of higher payoffs and/or improved performance of the liberalized economy. This theory challenges the more conventional Power Resource Theory, according to which welfare regimes are shaped primarily by the balance of power between workers and employers. To test the theory, the article analyzes the enactment of the unemployment insurance law in Israel (1972).

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25

Bjorklund, Eric. "Out of many, one? U.S. sub-national political-economies in the post-welfare reform era." Socio-Economic Review 17, no. 4 (May 4, 2017): 851–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwx018.

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AbstractDespite increased research on social policy variation among U.S. states, few have examined U.S. state-level political-economies in the wake of welfare reform. This is problematic given the ability of state-level political-economies to solidify patterns of stratification. I address this by analyzing four dimensions of U.S. state-level political-economies in the welfare reform era: labor policy, family/social policy, tax policy, and state imposed fiscal constraint. From this analysis I delineate five state-level political-economic types: (1) progressive; (2) contested progressive; (3) boilerplate; (4) frontier conservative; and (5) Southern conservative. Four determinants of type membership are also evaluated: Democratic Party control, unionization, racial fractionalization and income per capita. While my results demonstrate these as meaningful determinants, patterns of association vary by type, thus suggesting a revision to the assumed progressive/conservative continuum of U.S. social policy and political-economies. I conclude by elaborating how my analysis expands our understanding of U.S., and cross-national, political-economies.

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26

Garcia-del-Barrio, Pedro. "External economies of scale, government purchasing commitment and welfare improvements in the vaccines industry." European Journal of Government and Economics 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2012.1.2.4283.

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Some industries exhibit external economies of scale. In these cases,the introduction of self-financing tax subsidy programmes canimprove social welfare. This paper advocates intervention incompetitive markets if economies of scale existand implementing the policy is inexpensive.

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27

Jessop, Bob. "SOCIAL POLICY, STATE, AND ‘SOCIETY’." SER Social 15, no. 33 (March 8, 2014): 262–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/ser_social.v15i33.13047.

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This contribution explores the relations among social policy, the state and ‘society’ in the light of recent changes in capitalist social formations, including the increasing integration of the world market and the increasing significance of ‘world society’ as the ultimate horizon of communication, calculation, and policy deliberations. It builds on my earlier work on welfare state restructuring but updates it in four ways. First, it provides stronger foundations for analyses of welfare regimes in the nature of capitalism, looking beyond a general critique of the capitalist mode of production to consider specific configurations of capitalist social formations and their insertion into the world market. Second, it extends my earlier work beyond the economies of Atlantic Fordism and their crises to include export-oriented economies and developmental states and the differential implications for welfare regimes of knowledge-based economies and finance-dominated regimes as potential bases of post-Fordist accumulation. Third, especially in relation to finance-dominated accumulation, it considers the problematic status of the welfare state and/or social policy in neoliberal regimes that are strongly inserted into a competitive world market. And, fourth, it addresses the status of ‘global social policy’ as a response to the integration of the world market and the emergence of ‘world society’. The contribution ends with some general conclusions about the study of welfare regimes.

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28

Charlesworth, J., J. Clarke, and A. Cochrane. "Managing Local Mixed Economies of Care." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 27, no. 9 (September 1995): 1419–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a271419.

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It is widely agreed that there has been a move within the United Kingdom away from one welfare state as traditionally understood towards a mixed economy of welfare, in which public, private, voluntary, and not-for-profit sectors are expected to work together. How the new mixed economy is expected to work is less clear. In this paper we focus on two crucial aspects of the change with respect to care services—in emergent local mixed economies of care—with the help of case studies drawn from Buckinghamshire and Birmingham. We stress the need to recognise the role of local differences in the construction and interpretation of mixed economies of care, so that there is not just one, but may be many (locally distinctive) mixed economies. And we emphasise the need to take into account the rise of managerialism as a means of dealing with problems of coordination within local mixed economies, particularly because of the way in which it may undermine alternative forms of coordination and control.

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29

Mangen, Steen, and Gosta Esping-Andersen. "Welfare States in Transition: National Adaptations to Global Economies." British Journal of Sociology 48, no. 3 (September 1997): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/591148.

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30

McNicoll, Geoffrey, and Gosta Esping-Andersen. "Welfare States in Transition: National Adaptations in Global Economies." Population and Development Review 23, no. 4 (December 1997): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2137400.

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31

Dhasmana, Anubha. "Welfare Gains of Aid Indexation in Small Open Economies." IMF Working Papers 08, no. 101 (2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451869620.001.

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32

Yi, Gyoseob. "Classical welfare theorems in economies with the overtaking criterion." Journal of Mathematical Economics 18, no. 1 (January 1989): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4068(89)90005-0.

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33

Craig, Ben, and Guillaume Rocheteau. "State-dependent pricing, inflation, and welfare in search economies." European Economic Review 52, no. 3 (April 2008): 441–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2007.03.002.

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34

Accordino, John. "The Consequences of Welfare Reform for Central City Economies." Journal of the American Planning Association 64, no. 1 (March 31, 1998): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01944369808975951.

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35

Esping-Andersen, Gøsta. "4 The Three Political Economies of the Welfare State." International Journal of Sociology 20, no. 3 (September 1990): 92–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15579336.1990.11770001.

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36

DHASMANA, Anubha. "WELFARE GAINS OF AID INDEXATION IN SMALL OPEN ECONOMIES." Developing Economies 48, no. 2 (May 19, 2010): 247–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.2010.00107.x.

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37

Conley, John P., and Dimitrios Diamantaras. "Generalized Samuelson conditions and welfare theorems for nonsmooth economies." Journal of Public Economics 59, no. 1 (January 1996): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(94)01492-2.

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38

Hernández, Gonzalo, and María Alejandra Prieto. "Terms of trade shocks and taxation in developing countries." Cuadernos de Economía 39, no. 81 (July 1, 2020): 613–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/cuad.econ.v39n81.80207.

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We find evidence suggesting that economies with a tax structure more oriented toward indirect taxes –rather than direct taxes– tend to mitigate the effect of terms of trade shocks on output fluctuations. This finding might be particularly important for lower-income countries since the negative welfare effects caused by macroeconomic volatility in the absence of consumption-smoothing mechanisms are more severe in developing economies exposed to external shocks. Additionally, some of these economies are attempting to reorient their tax structure toward more direct taxes following the standards in advanced economies.

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39

Antoci, Angelo, Paolo Russu, and Elisa Ticci. "Mining and Local Economies: Dilemma between Environmental Protection and Job Opportunities." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 7, 2019): 6244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226244.

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Mining areas often experience a climate of social tension due to the potential trade-off between expected employment impact and concerns for environmental damage. We address this topic from a theoretical perspective that, unlike most empirical research, includes medium-term dynamics. We developed a two-sector dynamic model that provides a new way to identify differences among mining regions in terms of conflict risk, local development, and welfare. There are critical points in the natural-resource base of local nonmining activities and in the pollution rate of mining operations, which determine the type of dynamics and its welfare outcomes due to the opening up of the economy to mining investment. Pollution control is a sine qua non for welfare gains despite new job opportunities in the mining sector.

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40

Tanaka, Hiroshige, and Chiharu Tanaka. "Sustainable investment strategies and a theoretical approach of multi-stakeholder communities." Green Finance 4, no. 3 (2022): 329–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/gf.2022016.

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<abstract> <p>The digital industrial revolution continues to expand the global network of economies and societies. Nevertheless, difficulties of sustainability such as climate change and disruption have become more severe. Multi-stakeholders are crucially important to resolve difficulties posed to sustainability in global communities. Sustainable communities are expected to be constructed through competitive and cooperative schemes of multi-stakeholders. Sustainable global communities must reform centralized economies with top down systems and must move toward decentralized mechanisms known as bottom-up societies. Sustainable investment strategies to support environment, society and governance (ESG) presumably improve social welfare. The main findings presented herein are summarized as explained hereinafter. First, this article describes that multi-stakeholders can introduce a decentralized incentive scheme into global economies and can provide mathematical expressions of sustainable investment strategies. Secondly, the decentralized formulation described herein is used to evaluate the improvement of ESG initiatives by the decrease of social welfare losses. The formulation states mathematically relative relations among the investment strategies. Thirdly, this mathematical model explores the social welfare effects of initiatives to enhance standards, regulations, and legislations. Empirically, one finds that integration strategies have grown remarkably as a core part of social institutional reform for sustainability. Finally, initiatives to improve social evaluation by individuals who are excluded from market transaction are demonstrated to decrease social welfare losses greatly. These findings can promote initiatives to alleviate the disruption difficulties faced by communities.</p> </abstract>

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41

Burgess, David F. "Fiscal Deficits and Intergenerational Welfare in Almost Small Open Economies." Canadian Journal of Economics 29, no. 4 (November 1996): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/136219.

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42

Shachmurove, Yochanan, and Uriel Spiegel. "Endowment Shock and its Welfare Effects in Open Market Economies." American Economist 50, no. 2 (October 2006): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/056943450605000204.

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43

KOUTSOUGERAS, LEONIDAS C., and NICHOLAS ZIROS. "The Second Welfare Theorem in Economies with Non-Walrasian Markets." Journal of Public Economic Theory 17, no. 3 (May 4, 2015): 415–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpet.12128.

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44

Taylor-Gooby, Peter, Bjørn Hvinden, Steffen Mau, Benjamin Leruth, Mi Ah Schoyen, and Adrienn Gyory. "Moral economies of the welfare state: A qualitative comparative study." Acta Sociologica 62, no. 2 (June 13, 2018): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001699318774835.

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This paper uses innovative democratic forums carried out in Germany, Norway, and the United Kingdom to examine people’s ideas about welfare-state priorities and future prospects. We use a moral economy framework in the context of regime differences and the move towards neo-liberalism across Europe. Broadly speaking, attitudes reflect regime differences, with distinctive emphasis on reciprocity and the value of work in Germany, inclusion and equality in Norway, and individual responsibility and the work-ethic in the UK. Neo-liberal market-centred ideas appear to have made little headway in regard to popular attitudes, except in the already liberal-leaning UK. There is also a striking assumption by UK participants that welfare is threatened externally by immigrants who take jobs from established workers and internally by the work-shy who undermine the work-ethic. A key role of the welfare state is repressive rather than enabling: to protect against threats to well-being rather than provide benefits for citizens. UK participants also anticipate major decline in state provision. In all three countries there is strong support for continuing and expanding social investment policies, but for different reasons: to enable contribution in Germany, to promote equality and mobility in Norway, and to facilitate self-responsibility in the UK.

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45

Attanasio, Orazio, and José-Vı́ctor Rı́os-Rull. "Consumption smoothing in island economies: Can public insurance reduce welfare?" European Economic Review 44, no. 7 (June 2000): 1225–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2921(00)00034-9.

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46

Jones, Karen. "Epizootic lymphangitis: The impact on subsistence economies and animal welfare." Veterinary Journal 172, no. 3 (November 2006): 402–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.06.003.

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47

Anderson, James E. "The Uruguay Round and welfare in some distorted agricultural economies." Journal of Development Economics 56, no. 2 (August 1998): 393–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3878(98)00071-6.

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48

Molana, Hassan, and Catia Montagna. "Aggregate scale economies, market integration, and optimal welfare state policy." Journal of International Economics 69, no. 2 (July 2006): 321–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2005.06.012.

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49

Sechzer, Selig L. "The welfare effects of foreign investment in tariff distorted economies." Journal of International Economics 25, no. 3-4 (November 1988): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1996(88)90063-3.

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50

Huber, Martin, Michael Lechner, Conny Wunsch, and Thomas Walter. "Do German Welfare-to-Work Programmes Reduce Welfare Dependency and Increase Employment?" German Economic Review 12, no. 2 (May 1, 2011): 182–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0475.2010.00515.x.

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Abstract During the last decade, many Western economies reformed their welfare systems with the aim of activating welfare recipients by increasing welfare-to-work programmes (WTWP) and job-search enforcement. We evaluate the short-term effects of three important German WTWP implemented after a major reform in January 2005 (‘Hartz IV’), namely short training, further training with a planned duration of up to three months and public workfare programmes (‘One-Euro-Jobs’). Our analysis is based on a combination of a large-scale survey and administrative data that is rich with respect to individual, household, agency level and regional information. We use this richness of the data to base the econometric evaluation on a selection-on-observables approach. We find that short-term training programmes, on average, increase their participants’ employment perspectives. There is also considerable effect heterogeneity across different subgroups of participants that could be exploited to improve the allocation of welfare recipients to the specific programmes and thus increase overall programme effectiveness.

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