Дисертації: "Welfare economies"

1

Snorrason, Snorri Thomas. "Asymmetric economic integration : size characteristics of economies, trade costs & economic welfare." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618299.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Asymmetric economic integration refers to integration between partners of different sizes. This thesis asks the question: are the welfare implications of economic integration dependent on the size of economies? To assist in answering this question, the relationship between size and the characteristics of economies is examined and the relationship between trade costs and the size classification of economies is observed. Countries are classified by a size index that includes the app lied measures of size as well as a theoretical measure of sub-optimality. Relative trade costs are calculated for each size classification and the results are compared. Cross-section and panel data analyses of the welfare effects of PTAs for countries according to the size classifications are carried. An econometric gravity analysis is implemented to estimate the trade diversion and trade creation effects with respect to the size classification. The welfare effects of economic integration are calculated using a general equilibrium model where the calculations are again made according to size classification of countries. The conclusion is that ex post analysis of the effects of economic integration agreements is asymmetric between the size of nations and according to the size classification used in this study; small countries are the biggest gainers ex post from economic integration agreements. To estimate the effects of PTAs on trade flows, two econometric methods are used. A cross-section analysis is used to capture the temporal evaluation of the impact of PTAs on trade flows and a panel data analysis to capture the impact of PT As over a longer time period. Both of these methods are used to estimate tile effects of PTAs on tile country size classification. Tile findings confirm that the impact of PTAs on trade flows is asymmetric between countries of different sizes. The results indicate that the effects of PT As are lowest on the trade flows, imports and exports of large countries and the exports of micro countries. The effects of PTAs are greatest on the trade flows, imports and exports of small countries. Two general equilibrium models are constructed with different assumptions regarding market structure to estimate the effects of PTAs, ex ante, on welfare according to country's size classification. Tile results of the general equilibrium analysis are that the welfare gains are asymmetric between the sizes of countries; they further confirm that small countries are the largest relative gainers from economic integration, followed by medium-sized countries.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

2

Világi, Balázs. "Exchange Rate and Welfare in Small Open Economies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4065.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

La tesis adapta modelos macroeconómicos recientes de economías abiertas para analizar los problemas que caracterizan los países emergentes de Europa del Este.
En particular, se estudia los efectos que el crecimeinto asimétrico de la productividad tiene sobre el tipo de cambio real, el tipo de cambio real interno, esto es, el precio relativo de los bienes comerciables respecto a los no comerciables y el tipo de cambio real externo, esto es, el precio relativo entre los bienes comerciables nacionales y extranjeros.
Se demuestra que la discriminación de precios es una condición necesaria para explicar la correlación entre los tipos de cambio nominales y reales, y la apreciación del tipo de cambio real observadas en estas economías emergentes. También se demuestra como los supuestos de inversiones específicas y de costes de ajuste en la inversión ayudan a reproducir el ajuste lento de los precios relativos en respuesta a diferenciales de productividad así como la apreciación del tipo de cambio real externo.
En tercer lugar, la tesis estudia como determinar óptimamente el tipo de cambio de estas monedas con respecto al Euro cuando estos países entren en la Union Monetaria Europea. En vez de utilizar criterios exógenos para determinar este tipo de cambio, este trabajo emplea una función de bienestar social derivada del modelo teórico. Asimismo, se propone un algoritmo para determinar el tipo de cambio óptimo en función de las variables exógenas y de estado en el momento de la unión. Se demuestra que aunque las desviaciones del tipo de cambio real sobre su nivel de equilibrio tienen un papel principal en la determinación del tipo de cambio óptimo, no es la única variable a considerar. Otras variables como la inflación pasada o los salarios reales también influencian la elección de la paridad óptima. Además, la fase del ciclo exterior, la demanda de exportaciones y las perturbaciones de productividad son importantes variables exógenas a tener en cuenta para una adecuada decisión política. Se muestra la importancia de este tipo de evaluaciones basadas en modelos y como decisiones basadas en criterios exógenos pueden llevar a resultados subóptimos.
Por último, la tesis considera las implicaciones sobre el bienestar de introducir explícitamente el desempleo en los modelos macroeconómicos de economías abiertas. En particular, se comparan los efectos de una devaluación inesperada en economías con y sin desempleo. En modelos con mercados laborales Walrasianos las devaluaciones disminuyen el bienestar si el deteriore de los términos de intercambio compensa el aumento del consumo doméstico. Sin embargo, cuando existe desempleo, una devaluación puede aumentar el bienestar social ya que se mejora la distribución del consumo en la población.
The thesis adapts the models of new open economy macroeconomics to the special problems of a certain group of emerging market economies, namely the economies of European post-communist countries.
It studies the effects of asymmetric productivity growth for the CPI-based real exchange rate, the internal real exchange rate, i.e. the relative price of non-tradables to tradables, and the external real exchange rate, i.e. the relative price of domestic and foreign tradables.
It is demonstrated that pricing to market is necessary to reproduce the empirically observable correlation of the nominal and real exchange rates, and the appreciation of the real exchange rate. It is also shown that the assumption of firm specific investments and investments adjustment costs helps explaining the slow adjustment of domestic relative prices to productivity differentials and the appreciation of the external real exchange rate.
The thesis studies how to set optimally the Euro conversion rate of the new Member States of the European Union. Instead of ad-hoc objective functions it uses a model based social welfare function for the analysis. The thesis provides an algorithm to determine how to peg the nominal exchange rate optimally if the accession date values of state and exogenous variables are known. It is shown that the deviation from the equilibrium real exchange rate has a principal but not exclusive role in determining the optimal conversion rate. It is demonstrated that the past inflation rate and the level of real wages also influence the optimal choice. Furthermore, the foreign-business-cycle, exports demand and productivity shocks are the most important exogenous factors necessary for a proper policy decision. The thesis demonstrates the importance of a utility-based and that evaluations based on ad-hoc welfare criteria may result in misleading results.
The thesis also considers the welfare implications of introducing unemployment in models of new open economy macroeconomics. The effects of an unexpected devaluation of the nominal exchange rate in a model with and without unemployment is compared. In models with Walrasian labor markets a devaluation decreases social welfare if the deterioration of the terms of trade offsets the rise in domestic consumption. However, in the presence of unemployment even such a situation can enhance social welfare, since the distribution of consumption becomes more even.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

3

De, Paoli Bianca Shelton C. "Welfare and macroeconomic policy in small open economies." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2006. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2134/.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This thesis focuses on the analysis of welfare and macroeconomic policy in small open economies. The international dimension of monetary and fiscal policy is examined in a micro-founded New-Keynesian framework. The small open economy is characterized as a limiting case of a two-country dynamic general equilibrium model featuring imperfect competition and nominal rigidities. Under this specification, Chapter 1 formulates a utility-based loss function for a small open economy completely integrated with the rest of the world. The study investigates the role of the exchange rate in monetary policy and derives the optimal monetary policy rule. In this Chapter, the dynamics of the trade balance are shown to be crucial in determining the appropriate exchange rate regime. Chapter 2 analyses optimal monetary policy under alternative asset market structures; more specifically, it compares and contrasts the cases of incomplete asset markets, financial autarky and complete asset markets. Furthermore, the performance of standard monetary policy rules is evaluated under these different scenarios. The results show that the degree of substitutability between domestic and foreign goods and the level of risk sharing are important factors in determining the performance of policy rules. Finally, Chapter 3 incorporates fiscal policy in the general framework. This Chapter introduces distortionary taxation into the model and characterizes the optimal fiscal policy. In addition, a general monetary and fiscal policy problem is formulated in the presence of nominal rigidities. The Chapter demonstrates that the stabilization problem in an open economy is more complex than in a closed economy, even under flexible prices. Apart from the incentive to avoid the distortions implied by taxation, in a small open economy there is also an incentive to strategically affect the real exchange rate. That is, proportional taxation creates a distortion in the economy, but also introduces a policy instrument that can influence the terms of trade and the overall level of production and consumption in a welfare-improving manner.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

4

Backlund, Kenneth. "Welfare measurement, externalities and Pigouvian taxation in dynamic economies." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-73540.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This thesis consists of five papers. Paper [1] analyzes one possible way of replacing dynamic Pigouvian taxes by a static approximation of such taxes from the point of view of social accounting. The idea is to approximate a Pigouvian emission tax by using the instantaneous marginal willingness to pay to reduce the stock of pollution. If this approximation is close enough to the correct Pigouvian tax it will be useful for at least two reasons: (i) it brings the economy close to the socially optimal solution; and (ii) it provides information relevant for social accounting by closely approximating the value of additions to the stock of pollution. Paper [2] analyzes the welfare effects of an agreement between countries to slightly increase their emission taxes. The results indicate that such an agreement need not necessarily increase the global welfare level, even if each individual country has set its prereform emission tax to be lower than the marginal social cost of pollution. Paper [3] provides an economic framework for analyzing the global warming problem, emphasizing the use of forests as a means of carbon sequestration. We explore the difference between the decentralized economy and the socially optimal resource allocation, and discuss the appropriate tax system required to implement the first best optimum. Paper [4] incorporates the uncertainty involved in the production of nuclear energy into a dynamic general equilibrium growth model. We compare the resource allocation in the decentralized economy with the socially optimal resource allocation and design the dynamic Pigouvian taxes that make the decentralized economy reproduce the socially optimal resource allocation. Paper [5] treats externalities from nuclear power in a dynamic differential game framework involving two countries, which differ with regard to their nuclear technology. The model is solved numerically, where one country is considered relatively safe and the other relatively less safe.

Härtill 5 delarbeten.

digitalisering@umu

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

5

Protte, Benjamin [Verfasser], and Eckhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Janeba. "Taxation and Welfare Policy in Globalizing Economies / Benjamin Protte. Betreuer: Eckhard Janeba." Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1034490451/34.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

6

Darius, Reginald. "The macroeconomics of small open economies : exchange rate regimes, output stability and welfare." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553165.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

7

Mota, Rui Pedro Matias Gama. "Welfare and sustainability measures in dynamic economies: green accounting for Portugal, 1992-2004." Master's thesis, ISEG, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21975.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Mestrado em Economia
The focus of this dissertation is on the theory and practice of what can be called the economic theory of sustainability. Our argument is that traditional discussions and analysis of savings and investment at the macroeconomic levei can be greatly enriched by integrating the environment into the macroeconomic picture. Here we take sustainability to mean, generically, non-decreasing welfare for the economy as a whole. The criticai concepts are the green net national product (NNP), and the genuine savings. Green net national product is a welfare measure that proposes corrections to the usual national account's aggregates in order to account for environmental and well-being concerns. The genuine savings indicator is a notion of net savings that nets out the depreciation of ali forms of capital including natural capital. Regarding a measure of sustainability, decreasing green NNP is equivalent to negative genuine savings and indicates unsustainability. We devise a model to estimate these aggregates incorporating the costs of a vector of air pollutants to households, and the depreciation of commercial forests in Portugal for the years, 1992 - 2004. The pollution disamenity term is around 6 - 8% of NNP, and the depreciation of commercial forests ranges from -0.7% in 1991 to 0.4% in 1996. So, the total environmental adjustments are of the magnitude of 6 - 9% of NNP. This may seem small compared to Portuguese NNP; however we did not include some relevant stocks of natural capital such as fish, mineral, water and soil. Regarding genuine savings, we find consistent evidence of unsustainable development for Portugal after 2003. There is also a clear tendency towards unsustainability throughout the period.
Esta dissertação aborda a teoria e a prática, do que se pode chamar, teoria económica da sustentabilidade. O nosso argumento é que as discussões e análises tradicionais da poupança ou investimento ao nível macroeconómico podem ser grandemente enriquecidas tomando o ambiente como parte integrante da macroeconomia. Define-se desenvolvimento sustentável em termos de bem-estar não decrescente para a economia como um todo. Os conceitos centrais utilizados, são o Produto Interno Líquido (PIL) verde e a poupança genuína. O PIL verde é uma medida de bem-estar que propõe correcções aos agregados usais da contabilidade nacional, para ter em conta preocupações ambientais. O indicador de poupança genuina é uma noção de poupança que incorpora a depreciação do capital natural. Em termos de indicadores de sustentabilidade, a mensagem é: PIL verde decrescente equivale a obter poupança genuína negativa, o que indica desenvolvimento não sustentável. Para estimar estes indicadores, apresentamos um modelo de uma economia dinâmica que tem em conta o custo das emissões de um vector de poluentes atmosféricos para as famílias, e o valor da depreciação das florestas comercias Portuguesas em 1992 - 2004. O custo, em desutilidade, da poluição atmosférica é aproximadamente 6 - 8% do PIL, e o termo da depreciação das florestas comerciais varia entre -0.7% do PIL em 1991 a 0.4% do PIL em 1996. Assim, os ajustes ambientais são da ordem dos 6 - 9% do PIL. Embora se argumente que o valor é baixo, é de notar que os temas e stocks ambientais considerados deixaram de fora outros relevantes: pescas, minérios, recursos hídricos, e solos. Em relação à poupança genuína, os resultados evidenciam desenvolvimento insustentável para Portugal depois de 2003. E também clara ao longo de todo o período uma tendência para a insustentabilidade (poupança genuína decrescente).
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

8

Popp, Aaron William. "Macroeconomic Implications of Frictions in Heterogeneous Agent Economies." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338234575.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

9

Decerf, Benoit [Verfasser]. "Welfare and behavior micro-analysis of economies with agents exhibiting non-classical preferences / Benoit Decerf." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1084885913/34.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

10

Engdahl, Kristoffer. "100g glättat : En ideologikritisk analys av neoliberalismens inverkan på fristående gymnasieskolors marknadsföring." Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Human Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-1762.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Swedish school system is today victim of facing competition. Today sees the school leadership the students like customers whom they depend to operate their school. But I have asked myself, what will be the new students see and how much this spectacle in both money and time that project will cost for the municipality and school teachers. The question is if whether the school will be better when the competition becomes school or just better marketed? I'm interested in how clearly ideologies emerge in schools brochures if we study them at critically and analytically way. I will study how the independent schools present themselves and what ideas they describe. Can we see the ideological arguments that Reagan and Thatcher had in the 80s who proved their controlled Swedish politicians argued in the 90s in the published material from the Swedish Independent schools today? Independent schools can be seen as vanguards in the Swedish school policy. The Neoliberal winds blowing can probably be best reflected by the private sector in pursuit of the student base. At the same time, the independent schools on the side of the ideologies that best describe the Neoliberal doctrine.

I'm interested in how and how societal change is implemented and how clear ideologies reflected in school materials in their struggle to become winners in the Swedish context of market adjustment. I will be studying the brochures from an ideology critical approach that highlights the ideological formulations that can be traced back to the basic ideology.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

11

Westin, Jonas. "Efficiency and acceptability of pricing policies and transport investments in distorted economies." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Transport- och lokaliseringsanalys, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-103231.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This thesis contains five papers studying the economic efficiency and political acceptability of road pricing policies and transport investments in distorted economies. Interactions between the transport market and other distorted markets, such as the labor market, can have a large impact on the welfare effect of a road pricing policy or a transport investment. Many road pricing studies therefore try to incorporate effects from other distorted markets in the analysis. Paper I analyzes how the economic efficiency of a road toll in a distorted economy depends on assumptions about the initial tax system. In the road pricing literature, the welfare effect of a road toll is often found to depend on revenue use. Using a simple general equilibrium model paper I shows that the relative efficiency of marginal revenue recycling policies depends more on assumptions regarding inefficiencies in the initial tax system than on the road toll per se. Paper II studies the effect on welfare, equity and labor supply from a road toll in a commuting population with heterogeneous value of time and endogenous labor supply. When explicitly taking into account that commuters have different value of time, the road toll can increase total labor supply even when the revenues are not recycled back to the commuters. The analysis stresses the importance of recognizing traveler heterogeneity when analyzing congestion pricing. Road pricing policies are often characterized by conflicting interests between different stakeholders and different geographical areas. Papers III and IV study the economic efficiency and political acceptability of pricing and investment policies in different institutional and geographical settings. The main contribution of the papers is to explain how political constraints can lead to inefficient tolling strategies. The papers contribute to the existing literature on political acceptability of road pricing by analyzing the conflict and potential trade-off between political acceptability and economic efficiency. A difficulty when assessing the welfare effect of a future transport policy is also that many factors and parameters needed for the analysis are uncertain. Paper V studies the climate benefit of an investment in high speed rail by calculating the magnitude of annual traffic emission reduction required to compensate for the annualized embedded emissions from the construction of the line. The paper finds that to be able to balance the annualized emissions from the construction, traffic volumes of more than 10 million annual one-way trips are usually required, and most of the traffic diverted from other transport modes must come from aviation.

QC 20121010

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

12

Burgess, Robin Stuart Leslie. "Welfare analysis in rural China." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363519.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

13

Zoli, Claudio. "Inequality, welfare and poverty comparisons." Thesis, University of York, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288182.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

14

Koutroulis, Aristotelis G. "Financial markets and intermediaries, economic growth and welfare." Thesis, University of Essex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268708.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

15

Alsabah, Mohammad. "Welfare Economics and Public Policy in Early 20th Century Great Britain." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1723.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The Liberal welfare reforms were a series of bills passed in the British Parliament in the early twentieth-century. Initiated in response to a number of pressing economic and social issues, the Liberal welfare reforms were legislated with the purpose of combating poverty and improving the livelihood of the British working-class citizen. This thesis in economics outlines and examines critically the economic design behind the Liberal welfare reforms between 1906 and 1914.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

16

Ekins, Paul W. "The relationship between economic growth, human welfare and environmental sustainability." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242396.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

17

Motamen, S. "International trade, immiserisation and welfare : The case of oil exporting LDCs." Thesis, University of Essex, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356750.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

18

Erdamar, Bora. "Informational Frameworks for Collective Decision Making: "A Suggested Compromise"." Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00945218/document.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Cette thèse porte sur les fondations de la théorie des préférences et de l'utilité utilisée dans les domaines du choix social et de la théorie de la décision. Le premier chapitre est l'introduction. Le second chapitre est composé d'une revue de la littérature et des résultats existants, d'une discussion des motivations pour envisager un nouveau cadre théorique permettant de combiner différentes approches de l'agrégation des préférences individuelles, et d'une proposition d'un modèle hybride appelé modèle de préférence-approbation. Le troisième chapitre pose la question du sens que l'on peut donner au consensus dans un tel cadre théorique. Pour y répondre, ce travail fournit une approche basée sur la notion de distance, c'est-à-dire d'une métrique définie sur le domaine des préférence-approbations, et examine différentes façons de mesurer l'homogénéité au sein d'un ensemble d'opinions individuelles. Dans cette nouvelle modélisation des opinions, les individus s'expriment à la fois à travers un classement défini sur l'ensemble des alternatives et par un niveau de seuil, permettant de distinguer dans ce classement les alternatives "approuvées" de celles qui sont "désapprouvées". Le quatrième chapitre comporte une analyse de la manipulabilité des règles d'agrégation définies sur un profil de votes composés de classements et d'évaluations binaires. En introduisant une nouvelle notion de non-manipulabilité, cette étude offre un résultat de possibilité, ainsi que certaines caractérisations d'impossibilités. La conclusion permet de discuter plusieurs questions de recherche future sur la manière de définir de nouveaux systèmes d'élections et mécanismes de votes, ainsi que leurs impacts potentiels sur la société
This thesis investigates the foundations of preference and utility theory used in Social Choice and Decision Theory. The First chapter is the introduction. The Second chapter is composed of a survey of the existing results, motivations for a new framework that can combine many different approaches to aggregation of individual preferences and a proposal of a hybrid model, called preference-approval framework. The third chapter asks the question of meaning of a consensus in such a framework. As an attempt to answer the question, this work provides a distance based approach, by a metric defined on the domain of preference-approvals and analyzes different ways of measuring homogeneity among the individual opinions. As a new modelling of these opinions, individuals are assumed to express themselves in terms of rankings over a set of options (alternatives) and threshold levels interpreted as the distinction between "approved" and "disapproved" alternatives. The fourth chapter includes a manipulation analysis of aggregation rules over a voting profile composed of rankings and binary evaluations. Proposing a new notion of non-manipulability, this study provides a possibility result and some characterizations of impossibilities. Finally, further research problems for the art of designing new election systems and voting mechanisms are discussed with their potential implications for the society

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

19

Stymne, Susanna. "Measuring sustainable economic welfare." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/797583/.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

20

Wakeley, Timothy M. "Industrial structure and technological change : policy and welfare conclusions from an evolutionary perspective." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358840.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

21

Chiwele, Dennis Kaputo. "Stabilisation, the real wage, employment and welfare : the case of Zambia's formal sector employees." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358175.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

According to orthodox theory, a key objective of stabilisation policies is to raise the relative price of tradeables to that of nontradeables. This should lead to a relative expansion of tradeables production. The factors of production that would benefit most are those intensively utilised in the expanding (tradeables) sector. Where nontradeables are more labour intensive, the real consumption wage will fall with the implementation of stabilisation policies. This prediction is tested in this thesis within the context of Zambia's effort to adjust its economy in the 1980s. Applying a Stolper-Samuelson-Rybczynski (SSR) model, it is concluded that stabilisation policies did indeed result in the fall of the real wage. This finding is in line with the experience of other countries, suggesting that real wages were more flexible than would be justified by concerns of orthodox theorists. However, it is shown that the responsiveness of employment to variations in the real product wage was statistically insignificant. Furthermore, despite the fact that the real product wage of tradeables relative to nontradeables moved in the desired direction, the expected relative rise in tradeables employment failed to occur. This demonstrates the ract that getting the prices right may not always be a sufficient condition for labour reallocation. The rapid fall in the real consumption wage made it difficult for an average formal sector household to meet its nutritional needs. These households could be classified as poor by the end of the 1980s. Workers responded by moonlighting, engaging in corrupt practices and allowing their households to increase their labour participation. The adverse effects associated with such survival strategies demonstrate the limit to which a government could rely on real wage flexibility in macroeconomic adjustment.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

22

Kozlovskij, Viktor. "Ekonominės gerovės matavimo galimi rodikliai: makroekonominis požiūris." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080821_153134-12454.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Ekonomistų siūlomi įvairūs ekonominės gerovės vertinimo variantai. Tačiau nei vienas jų neparodo visaverčio ekonominės gerovės vaizdo. Todėl darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti ekonominės gerovės matavimo per makroekonominius rodiklius galimybes. Problemai ištirti darbe išskiriamos trys dalys. Pirmoje dalyje numatoma išanalizuoti ekonomikos teoriją (istorinės ekonomikos mokyklų idėjos, gerovės ekonomikos vieno pradininkų A.C.Pigou idėjos, matematinės krypties atstovų idėjos). Antroje dalyje per statistinių duomenų analizę (Europos Sąjungos pavyzdžiu) bandoma suvokti ir apibrėžti galimų rodiklių pritaikomumą ekonominės gerovės matavime. Taip padaromas pagrindas trečiajai daliai. Šioje darbo dalyje bandoma išvesti vieningą ekonominės gerovės matavimo indeksą, apibendrinantį visus jau nagrinėtus tinkamus makroekonominius rodiklius. Padaryta teorinė analizė ir empirinis tyrimas leido darbo autoriui sukurti ir aprašyti sistemą (ekonominės gerovės indeksą), kuris apima pagrindinius makroekonominius rodiklius bei leidžia įvertinti abi ekonominės gerovės sudedamąsias dalis: turtingumą bei pasiskirstymą. Sistemos išbandymas realiais statistiniais duomenimis leido iš esmės ją subalansuoti.
Although economists offer different variants for welfare measuring, none of this variants can disclose the fool situation of economic wellbeing. That is why the main goal of this thesis is to analyze possibilities of economic welfare measuring by macroeconomics indicators. The thesis includes three parts. The first one is for theoretical analyses (ideas of historical economic schools, thoughts by A.C.Pigou – one of the welfare economics beginners, mathematic direction of economics). In the second part usefulness of possible indicators for measuring of economical welfare is being tried to discover through analysis of statistics data (using European Union statistics). That is how basis for the third part was made. In the last part unified index of economic welfare, which summarizes all mentioned macroeconomics indicators, is tried to be obtained. Theoretical analysis and empirical research allowed to make and describe the system (index of economic welfare) for the author by himself. This system includes main macroeconomical indicators and allows to unite both parts of economic welfare wealth and distribution. After some test with statistical data index of economic welfare was mainly balanced.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

23

Lazarchick, Aron. "The Economics of Sustainability and Social Welfare." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet (USBE), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-53162.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

24

Baigent, N. "Papers in social choice and welfare economics." Thesis, University of Essex, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371893.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

25

Dennig, Francis. "On the welfare economics of climate change." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:aefca5e4-147e-428b-b7a1-176b7daa0f85.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The three constituent chapters of this thesis tackle independent, self-contained research questions, all concerning welfare economics in general and its application to climate change policy in particular. Climate change is a policy problem for which the costs and benefits are distributed unequally across space and time, as well as one involving a high degree of uncertainty. Therefore, cost-benefit analysis of climate policy ought to be based on a welfare function that is sufficiently sophisticated to incorporate the three dimensions of aggregation: time, risk and space. Chapter 1 is an axiomatic treatment of a stylised model in which all three dimensions appear. The main result is a functional representation of the social welfare function for policy assessment in such situations. Chapter 2 is a numerical mitigation policy analysis. I modify William Nordhaus' RICE-2010 model by replacing his social welfare function with one that allows for different degrees of inequality aversion along the regional and inter-temporal dimension. I find that, holding the inter-temporal coefficient of inequality aversion fixed, performing the optimisation with a greater degree of regional inequality reduces the optimal carbon tax relative to treating the world as a single aggregate consumer. In Chapter 3 I analyse climate policy from the point of view of intergenerational transfers. I propose a system of transfers that allows future generations to compensate the current one for its mitigation effort and demonstrate the effects in an OLG model. When the marginal benefit to a - possibly distant - future generation is greater than the cost of compensating the current generation for its abatement effort, a Pareto improvement is possible by a combination of mitigation policy and transfer payments. I show that under very general assumptions the business-as-usual outcome is Pareto dominated by such policies and derive the conditions for the set of climate policies that are not dominated thus.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

26

Deering, Joseph A. "Analyzing the beyond welfare reform initiative : a theoretical policy analysis approach /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9904840.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

27

Hauser, Harald. "Rethinking the welfare state : towards an alternative to the American welfare state /." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08142009-040446/.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

28

Somani, Anil Kumar. "Environmental Tax Reform and Economic Welfare." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10825.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

According to a new study EPI (2012), India has the worst air pollution in the entire world. Given the severe damages caused by air pollution, it is important to explore various options to control air pollution. In chapter 1, I use a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to show that a Pigouvian tax on the use of fossil fuels with cuts in existing distortionary taxes could have double dividend in India. In addition, the fuel tax policy is also progressive. Alternative Pigouvian tax on output of pollution intensive commodities has a positive effect on economic growth, but it achieves only a modest reduction in air pollution. This tax policy does not have a significant distributive impact.
Economics

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

29

Kaunitz, Niklas. "Workers, Firms and Welfare : Four Essays in Economics." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-142906.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This thesis comprises four chapters, in two parts. The first part examines the result of a Swedish payroll tax reduction; first from the perspective of the worker, then from that of the employer. The second half of the thesis concerns subjective well-being, both from an individual and from an aggregate viewpoint. Payroll Taxes and Youth Labor Demand. In 2007, the Swedish payroll tax was reduced substantially for young workers. This paper examines whether targeted payroll tax reductions are effective in raising youth employment. We estimate a small impact, both on employment and on wages. However, the effect differs markedly across ages, with 4–5 times higher impact on 22–23 year-olds compared to 25-year-olds. Additionally, the employment effects are strongly procyclical, approaching zero in the deep recession. We calculate that the estimated cost per created job is more than four times that of directly hiring workers at the average wage. Payroll Taxes and Firm Performance. The Swedish payroll tax reform of 2007 had the effect that firms' average social fees came to depend on the age structure of their employees. This makes it possible to estimate how firms respond to shocks in labor costs. We find a significant, but very small effect on gross investments, and a negative, but not statistically significant, impact on labor productivity. There are no effects on exit rates or profitability. Beyond Income: The Importance for Life Satisfaction of Having Access to a Cash Margin. We study how life satisfaction among adult Swedes is influenced by having access to a cash margin, i.e. a moderate amount of money that could be acquired on short notice either through own savings, by loan from family or friends, or by other means. We find that cash margin is a strong and robust predictor of life satisfaction, also when controlling for individual fixed-effects and socio-economic conditions, including income. This suggests that cash margin captures something beyond wealth. On Aggregating Subjective Well-Being. This paper discusses the assumptions underlying the aggregation of individually measured well-being. Any aggregation method is associated with measurability assumptions regarding the underlying well-being measure, as well as moral philosophical assumptions with respect to how individual well-being is weighted into a composite metric. I compare welfare across a set of countries, under alternative aggregation methods, and find that countries often can be ranked under comparatively weak measurement assumptions, and, equally important, that aggregation methods can be chosen so as to refrain from strong ethical preconceptions.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

30

Shoja, Amin. "Three Essays in Health, Welfare, and International Economics." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3757.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Both economists and policy makers are interested in understanding the welfare effect of economic policies, especially in small open economies such as Turkey and Iran. This knowledge is crucial for priority setting in any informed policy discussion. This dissertation aims to study the impoverishing effect of high levels of out-of-pocket (OOP) payments in the health sector, referred to as catastrophic health expenditure (CHE), and investigates the impact of exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) on both the microeconomic and macroeconomic indicators of a country. For millions of people worldwide, health payments present a huge financial risk. A high rate of OOP health care payments can lead to CHE, which can force households to cut down their consumption, minimize access to their needs, or face poverty. This makes the design of financial risk protection necessary for governments in order to secure people against the financial hardship at the time of incurring CHE. This thesis comprises three essays. The first investigates financial risk protection indicators related to OOP health care payments through CHE mean positive overshoot and incidence and depth of impoverishment. This research observes that in the absence of universal health care insurance in Iran, together with a high share of OOP spending for health care (more than 52%), the Iranian households facing CHE will eventually face poverty. In the second essay, using a difference-in-differences propensity score matching approach, I seek to analyze the degree to which Iranian universal health care insurance protects households from high rates of OOP health expenditure. In this study, I evaluate the effect of the universal health insurance program on Iranian CHE. The results show that the program was successful in decreasing the rate of OOP health expenditures and CHE in Iran during the sample period. The third essay estimates the ERPT using product-level daily data on wholesale prices of imported agricultural products, where the identification is possible by using daily data on the domestic inflation rate. The results of standard empirical analyses are in line with existing studies that employ lower frequencies of data by showing evidence for incomplete daily ERPT of about 5 percent.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

31

Enver, Ayesha. "Three Essays on Location and Household Welfare." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1249626740.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

32

Lakomaa, Erik. "The economic psychology of the welfare state." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics (EFI), 2008. http://www2.hhs.se/efi/summary/774.htm.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

33

Tsai, Pan-long. "Investment from abroad and national welfare." Connect to resource, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1261417909.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

34

Shifa, Muna Ahmad. "Land tenure, investment, land markets, off-farm employment, and rural welfare in Ethiopia." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16719.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Includes bibliographical references
Ethiopia is one of the few countries in Africa to implement large-scale land titling programmes aiming to improve land related-investments. Since 1995, Ethiopia also has partially liberalised rural land rental markets with the aim of improving the functioning of these markets. Evidence on whether these reforms resulted in improved land access by the poor and increased land-related investments though are scarce and inconclusive. This thesis investigates empirically the relationship between land tenure issues on one hand, and land-related investments and the functioning of rural land and labour markets on the other. It also analyses the relationship between participation in land rental markets and household welfare. Detailed descriptive data analysis and various econometric models were used to examine these issues. The data source for the study is the Ethiopian Rural Household Survey (ERHS), which consists of a panel of 1477 sample households covering four regions in the country. Findings from the study show that factor, input, and financial markets are poorly developed in rural Ethiopia. In addition, land title ownership does not give farmers additional rights other than the rights provided in the federal and regional legislation. This has particular ramifications. For instance, despite having a land title, farmers in Ethiopia are not allowed by law to sell or use their land as collateral in credit markets. There are also various limitations on land rental transactions. These findings suggest that the preconditions for economic effectiveness of land titling are not satisfied in the case of Ethiopia. Furthermore, in contrast to earlier studies, this study finds no significant link between farmers' perceptions of tenure insecurity and their land-related investment and factor market participation decisions. Instead, it establishes that poverty in faming resources and market failures in the credit and factor markets are the major binding constraints that adversely affect farmers' land-related investment and factor market participation decisions in rural Ethiopia. The results reveal that asset rich households were more likely to get access to more land and labour through factor markets, and they were also more likely to invest on their land, while female-headed and/or asset poor households were more likely to lease out their land and remain poor. The findings of this study do not necessarily suggest that the existing land tenure system in Ethiopia is satisfactory for farmers' intensification efforts. It is widely argued that past and current land polices in the country have led to reduced and fragmented land size holdings in rural areas. As a result, there is limited room for farm intensification. For instance, data from this study show that among sample households who did not grow tree crops on their land, 40% of them reported that land shortage is the first major problem. In this regard, the existing land tenure system can be equally restrictive for most farmers. Therefore, the results of the study suggest that, without reforming the existing land policy and addressing problems in factor and credit markets, land titling is expected to play a very limited role in improving tenure security, investment, and land access for the rural poor.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

35

Roberts, Bryan W. "The welfare consequences of transition in Eastern Europe." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11959.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

36

Frauenknecht, Andre. "Is Chinese Export Growth Detrimental to U.S. Welfare." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5785.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

37

Yang, Guanyi. "Essays on Labor Market Frictions and Macroeconomic Welfare." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523105707493812.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

38

Baller, Silja Maren. "Essays on product quality, international trade and welfare." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:eaebf607-3ccf-499c-8f60-0ce5b42a43b4.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This dissertation consists of four related, sole-authored chapters. It considers the microeconomic mechanisms for gains from trade in the presence of quality investments by firms. It shows within the framework of a quality-augmented heterogeneous firms model that the quality dimension matters for welfare gains from trade. It also provides novel empirical evidence on adjustment mechanisms of aggregate quality as a consequence of globalization. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first contribution to provide a comprehensive analysis of the role of endogenous product quality in the determination of gains from trade. I first offer an explanation for observed industry heterogeneity in trade-induced productivity gains and show that results depend on whether or not firms have the option to invest in quality. I then take a broader view of welfare gains from trade, looking beyond productivity improvements. I find that globalization can imply a quality-variety trade-off when consumer quality preference is strong - a finding which holds under firm heterogeneity and symmetry. Nevertheless, overall gains from trade are positive. With quality being itself an important channel for gains from trade, I also investigate the detailed mechanisms by which aggregate quality changes as a consequence of globalization. This is done within the same theoretical heterogeneous firms framework as well as empirically using firm-level export data matched with firm-level quality ratings. I argue that firm heterogeneity matters for gains from trade by giving rise to an additional welfare channel in the presence of variable elasticity of demand preferences: high quality firms expand sales disproportionately in a larger market, thereby raising aggregate quality. This theoretical prediction is confirmed by the data. Furthermore, I study the mechanisms for gains from trade in a symmetric firms version of the baseline model. This allows me to isolate the role of firm heterogeneity in driving earlier results. In addition, I analyse the efficiency properties of the market equilibrium for the symmetric firms case.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

39

Pretorius, Leandri. "The economics of animal welfare: an appraisal of welfare issues ifn the South African poultry industry." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12191.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references.
Growing consumer awareness of animal welfare has co-evolved with increases in intensive farming, particularly of battery chickens. This rise in consumer awareness recently saw bans on battery farming in parts of Europe. This thesis addresses the difficulties that would follow any similar attempt to curtail battery farming in South Africa. It examines the literature on animal rights and the welfare issues generated by intensive animal farming, particularly of battery chickens. Thereafter it summarises the findings of surveys into local consumer preferences and retail strategies regarding chicken products.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

40

Sanches, Daniel Rocha. "Informality in labor market and welfare." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/196.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Made available in DSpace on 2008-05-13T13:16:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2085.pdf: 310650 bytes, checksum: e53999278795b18f7c3903c3beb3cfba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-10
The neoclassical growth model with two sectors in production is employed in this paper in order to investigate how a change in the tax structure affects informality and welfare. We calibrate and simulate the model and find that welfare always increases when we reduce the tax rate on the demand for labor and adjust the tax rate on the value added so that the government revenue remains constant.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

41

Yamoah, Afia Boadiwaa. "The effects of fiscal decentralization on economic growth in U.S. counties." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1167711308.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

42

Hartley, Robert Paul. "ESSAYS ON INTERGENERATIONAL DEPENDENCY AND WELFARE REFORM." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/economics_etds/29.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This dissertation consists of three essays related to the effects of welfare reform on the intergenerational transmission of welfare participation as well as effects on labor supply and childcare arrangements. States implemented welfare reform at different times from 1992 to 1996, and these policies notably introduced work requirements and other restrictions intended to limit dependency of needy families. One mechanism reforms were intended to address was childhood exposure to a "culture" of ongoing welfare receipt. In Essay 1, I estimate the effect of reform on the transmission of welfare participation for 2961 mother-daughter pairs in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) over the period 1968-2013. I find that a mother's welfare participation increased her daughter's odds of participation as an adult by roughly 30 percentage points, but that welfare reform attenuated this transmission by at least 50 percent, or at least 30 percent over the baseline odds of participation. While I find comparable-sized transmission patterns in daughters' adult use of the broader safety net and other outcomes such as educational attainment and income, there is no diminution of transmission after welfare reform. In Essay 2, I estimate behavioral labor supply responses to reforms using experimental data from Connecticut's Jobs First welfare waiver program in 1996. Recent studies have used a distributional analysis of Jobs First suggesting evidence that some individuals reduce hours in order to opt into welfare, an example of behavioral-induced participation. However, estimates obtained by a semi-parametric panel quantile estimator allowing women to vary arbitrarily in preferences and welfare participation costs indicate no evidence of behavioral-induced participation. These findings show that a welfare program imposes an estimated cost up to 10 percent of quarterly earnings, and these costs can be heterogeneous throughout the conditional earnings distribution. Lastly, in Essay 3, I return to PSID data to examine the relationship between welfare spending on childcare assistance and the care arrangements chosen by low-income families. Experimental evidence has shown that formal child care can result in long-term socioeconomic gains for disadvantaged children, and work requirements after welfare reform have necessitated increased demand for child care among single mothers. I find that an increase of a thousand dollars in state-level childcare assistance per child in poverty increases the probability of formal care among low-earnings single-mother families by about 27 to 30 percentage points. When public assistance makes child care more affordable, families within the target population reveal a higher preference for formal care relative to informal, which may be related to perceived quality improvements for child enrichment and development.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

43

Luo, Tian. "Impacts of Airline Mergers on Passenger Welfare." Thesis, Dartmouth College, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10192903.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Since 2005, U.S. domestic airline industry has undergone a series of consolidations. The overall effects of these consolidations on air travelers are of considerable interest to researchers and policy makers alike. In this thesis, unlike any of the previous studies in literature, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the overall effects of each of the five major recent mergers on the passengers’ welfare as evaluated through consumer surplus changes, starting with the US Airways – America West Airlines merger in 2005 and ending with the American Airlines – US Airways merger in 2013. We develop discrete choice models with fare, nonstop and one-stop service frequency, travel time, and other carrier and route attributes as parameters. The consumer surplus, as a function of these parameters, is calculated for each market as the measure of passengers’ welfare. By using the markets not affected by the mergers as a control group, we are able to separate out the welfare effects of mergers from those of other extrinsic factors such as oil price changes, changes in economic conditions, etc. Several new insights are obtained. We find that mergers of legacy network carriers with significant proportion of overlapping markets are generally accompanied by flight reallocation and network reorganization, which in turn, contribute to an increase in passenger welfare. However, overall passenger welfare for very small communities declined after the mergers. Also, overall passenger welfare in markets with many competitors declined, consistent with the classic economic theory of consolidation-induced welfare losses. We also find that the welfare gain from mergers of legacy network carriers with significant proportion of overlapping markets progressively decreased as the number of existing major domestic carriers decreased, and that after the most recent mergers, any further potential mergers of legacy network carriers are likely to result in welfare losses.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

44

Hite, Diane. "Welfare measurements for an environmental disamenity in the residential real estate market /." Connect to resource, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1244651953.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

45

Mazzolari, Francesca. "Essays on welfare and immigration /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3170250.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

46

Sartorius, Christian. "An evolutionary approach to social welfare /." London [u.a.] : Routledge, 2003. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0651/2003046901-d.html.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

47

Lin, Ming Hsin. "Hub-airport Competition, Airline Competition and Economic Welfare." 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10706.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

48

Farzin, Mohammad Ali. "Development policy, economic adjustment and welfare in Iran." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507842.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

49

Lee, Jooha. "Welfare Reform in Korea after the Economic Crisis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495722.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

50

Yu, Ka Ming. "Analyses on demand system and the trend of material welfare with application to China's data for the period of 1997-2003." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2006. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/671.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Дисертації з теми "Welfare economies"

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями