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Статті в журналах з теми "Weight modification"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 19 лютого 2023

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1

Zhang, Wen Li, Xiong Feng Zeng, Miao Zhang, and Shao Ran Sun. "Intercalated Modification of Suzhoutu." Key Engineering Materials 492 (September 2011): 396–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.492.396.

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Different molecular weights of polyacrylic acids were prepared through change the molar ratio of acrylic acid (monomer), sodium bisulfate (chain transfer agent) and potassium sulfate (initiator). Using polyacrylic acid as the intercalation agent, the intercalation method was applied to Suzhoutu modification. The paper researched the affections of intercalation agent’s molecular weight on fluidity, thixotropy, absorption rate and plasticity of pulp. The changes in the interplanar spacing of clay were detected by X-ray diffraction analysis. Results showed that appropriate molecular weight of the polymer intercalation agent has little effect on the interlayer structure of Kaolinite, while the effect is obvious to Illite, and processability of the clay was significantly improved.

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2

Echeberria-Barrio, Xabier, Amaia Gil-Lerchundi, Raul Orduna-Urrutia, and Iñigo Mendialdua. "Optimized Parameter Search Approach for Weight Modification Attack Targeting Deep Learning Models." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 7, 2022): 3725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083725.

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Deep neural network models have been developed in different fields, bringing many advances in several tasks. However, they have also started to be incorporated into tasks with critical risks. That worries researchers who have been interested in studying possible attacks on these models, discovering a long list of threats from which every model should be defended. The weight modification attack is presented and discussed among researchers, who have presented several versions and analyses about such a threat. It focuses on detecting multiple vulnerable weights to modify, misclassifying the desired input data. Therefore, analysis of the different approaches to this attack helps understand how to defend against such a vulnerability. This work presents a new version of the weight modification attack. Our approach is based on three processes: input data clusterization, weight selection, and modification of the weights. Data clusterization allows a directed attack to a selected class. Weight selection uses the gradient given by the input data to identify the most-vulnerable parameters. The modifications are incorporated in each step via limited noise. Finally, this paper shows how this new version of fault injection attack is capable of misclassifying the desired cluster completely, converting the 100% accuracy of the targeted cluster to 0–2.7% accuracy, while the rest of the data continues being well-classified. Therefore, it demonstrates that this attack is a real threat to neural networks.

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3

Dutt, Dr Jayesh, and Dr Dharmesh V. Patel. "Study o Weight and Metabolic Effects of Lifestyle Modification in Overweight Patients." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 5 (June 1, 2012): 469–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/may2014/149.

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4

Lee, Hoon. "Determination of Breakage Parameters in Mathematical Grinding Model by Weight-adjustment Modification." Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers 50, no. 1 (2013): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12972/ksmer.2013.50.1.080.

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5

Shaw, Clare, Naureen Starling, Adam Reich, Emily Wilkes, Rebecca White, Julian Shepelev, and Silvia Narduzzi. "Modification of systemic anti-cancer therapies and weight loss, a population-level real-world evidence study." Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology 12 (January 2020): 175883592098280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758835920982805.

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Background: Involuntary weight loss may occur during systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT), causing treatment disruption and poorer prognoses. There remain gaps in clinical awareness as to which patients may benefit from nutritional interventions that aim to prevent unintended weight loss during SACT. We utilised England’s population-level cancer registry data, conducting a pan-cancer assessment of patient weight loss during SACT. We aimed to identify cancers with weight loss-associated treatment modifications, potential beneficiaries of nutritional intervention. Methods: This cross-sectional study used England’s Cancer Analysis System database, including SACT-treated adults with one tumour and ⩾2 weight recordings between 2014 and 2018. Binary weight loss (threshold: 2.5%) was derived from patients’ most negative weight change from first SACT weight recording. The Martin et al. body mass index-adjusted weight loss grading system (BMI-WLG) was assigned. We describe binary weight loss, BMI-WLG and treatment modification status by cancer. Multivariate logistic regression models of weight loss (binary and BMI-WLG) and a composite outcome of patient treatment-modification status by cancer were produced. Results: Our study population contained 200,536 patients across 18 cancers; 28% experienced binary weight loss during SACT. Weight loss patients were more likely to have multiple types of treatment modifications recorded across all cancers. Regression analyses included 86,991 patients. Binary weight loss was associated ( p < 0.05) with higher likelihood of treatment modification in; colon [Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.42, 2.07]; gynaecologic (excl. ovarian) (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.01); stomach (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.06); lung (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.58); leukaemia (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.55); head and neck (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.65) and oesophageal (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.64) cancers. In lung, colon, and grouped gastro-intestinal cancers, association between BMI-WLG and treatment modification increased by WLG. Discussion: Our study is a wide assessment of weight loss during SACT using England’s cancer registry data. Across different cancers we found patients have weight loss-associated treatment modifications during SACT, a precursor to poorer prognoses. Our findings highlight cancers that may benefit from improved nutritional intervention during SACT.

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6

Двейрін, Олександр Захарович, Віктор Іванович Рябков, Людмила Валеріївна Капітанова та Марина Володимирівна Кириленко. "Формування областей основних параметрів модифікацій транспортного літака за умовами його базування". Aerospace technic and technology, № 4 (27 серпня 2021): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2021.4.02.

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Along with the unique flight performance indicators and economic indicators that characterize heavy transport aircraft, the priority is also to ensure the basing for their heavier modifications at the airfields declared for the base aircraft. This problem arises at the very early stage of the modification creation, when its main parameters such as the gross mass at takeoff and thrust-to-weight ratio are formed. This is due to the very essence of creating a modification ‑ increasing its carrying capacity (which leads to increase in the gross mass at takeoff and flight range ) with an increased payload by increasing the mass of fuel on board. Ensuring growth of flight and hour , performance underlies the creation of all modifications of transport category aircraft. For heavier modifications than their base aircraft, it is further complicated by the fact that the base models are based on the runways of the second and first class airfields, which creates an insurmountable limitation on the available runway length. The second limitation is the value of the decision-making speed during takeoff, in case of failure of the critical engine during the takeoff run, which predetermines the required length of the runway. Since the takeoff masses of aircraft modifications of this type continue to increase, the problem of their basing on the runways of existing airfields arises by forming the takeoff weight relationship – decision-making speed in case of a critical engine failure ‑ thrust-to-weight ratio, providing the basing of a heavier modification at the airfield declared for the base aircraft . To implement this condition, a model for determining the speed , in which a safe termination of the takeoff run is possible in the event of a critical engine failure. The resulting model allows to take into account a number of restrictions due to the properties of heavy aircraft, such as the minimum and maximum thrust of the cruise engines, which makes it possible to make reasonable recommendations in the operating rules for aircraft of this type. Taking into account the expressions obtained to determine , a model has been formed to determine and assess the required thrust-to-weight ratio of a heavier modification by condition for modifications with a takeoff weight of more than 300 tons. It has been established that the required relative thrust-to-weight ratio should be within . Defining parameters such as , and is the basis for the implementation of other modification changes in the heavy transport aircraft.

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7

Matson, Kelly L., and Renee M. Fallon. "Treatment of Obesity in Children and Adolescents." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 17, no. 1 (August 1, 2012): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-17.1.45.

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The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity continues to rise in the United States (US). Immediate health consequences are being observed, and long-term risks are mounting within the pediatric population, secondary to obesity. The hallmark of prevention and treatment of obesity in children and adolescents includes lifestyle modification (i.e., dietary modification, increased physical activity, and behavioral modifications). However, when intensive lifestyle modification is insufficient to reach weight loss goals, adjunctive pharmacotherapy is recommended. Among the group of weight-loss medications, orlistat is the only US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved prescription drug for the treatment of overweight and obese adolescents. Other medications, including metformin, need larger studies to establish their role in treatment. No single approach to management of pediatric obesity is the answer, given the complexity of the disorder and the many reasons for failure. Evidence of weight loss medications in addition to lifestyle modification supports short-term efficacy for treatment of obese children and adolescents, although long-term results remain unclear.

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8

Mudrov, Viktor A. "Modification ultrasonic methods estimating expected fetal weight." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 65, no. 2 (March 15, 2016): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd6531-37.

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Selection of the optimal tactics of pregnancy and childbirth greatly depends on the expected weight of the fetus. Frequency of perinatal mortality and morbidity increased in grоup with growth retardation and fetal macrosomia. The aim of the study was a modification of ultrasonic methods for determining the expected fetal weight. Materials and methods. On the basis of maternity hospitals Trans-Baikal Region in the years 2013-2015 was held retrospective and prospective analysis of 210 labor histories, which were divided into 3 equal groups: 1 group - pregnant women with a body mass index (BMI) for Quetelet less than 24, group 2 - with a BMI from 24 to 30, group 3 - with a BMI more than 30. In order to determine the expected fetal weight by ultrasonic methods used formula of Hadlock, Shephard and Demidov. The error in determining fetal weight standard methods more than 250 g, which identified the need to establish new precise formula. The increase in the error in determining fetal weight at border gestation due to the lack of assessment of fetal tissue density. On the basis of mathematical and 3d-modeling of the body’s volume, depending on its mass determined pattern change of the average density of fetal tissue, depending on the gestational age, which is expressed by the formula: ρ = 0,833 + 0,004475GA, where ρ - the average density of tissue, GA - gestational age. Through a comprehensive analysis of ultrasound data’s fetometry and medium-density tissue defined fetal weight formula: M = (0,2777 + 0,001492 × GA) × OFD × AC × (Fe + Ti + Hu + Ra), where GA - gestational age (weeks), AC - abdominal circumference (cm), OFD - occipitofrontal diameter (cm), Fe - femur’s length (cm), Ti - tibia’s length (cm), Hu - humerus’s length (cm), Ra - radius’s length (cm), 0.2777 and 0.001492 - digital prognostic factors. In calculating the weight of the fetus according to the proposed formula ultrasonic average error does not exceed 150 g. Thus, the method has a smaller error compared to the standard, and can be used to reliably determine fetal weight in II and III trimester of pregnancy.

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9

Bradford, Greg S., and Charles T. Taylor. "Comment: Modification of Weight-Based Heparin Nomogram." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 32, no. 6 (June 1998): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809803200601.

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10

Juhász, Imre. "Weight-based shape modification of NURBS curves." Computer Aided Geometric Design 16, no. 5 (June 1999): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8396(99)00006-0.

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11

NAKAMURA, Masahiko, Takeshi KITANO, and Masafumi ARAKAWA. "Surface Modification of Autoclaved Light Weight Concrete." Journal of the Ceramic Association, Japan 95, no. 1106 (1987): 1007–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj1950.95.1106_1007.

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12

Komir, I. "GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY TO OPTIMIZE WEIGHT MAINTENANCE EFFORTS AND PREVENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS." East European Scientific Journal 2, no. 12(76) (January 27, 2022): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/essa.2782-1994.2021.2.76.204.

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The development of cardiovascular diseases is due to the interaction of genes with environmental factors. The individual body's response to diet therapy and lifestyle modification also largely depends on genetic factors, in particular the presence of polymorphic variants of the ADRB2 (Gln27Glu), ADRB2 (Agr16Gly), ADRB3 (Trp64Agr), PPARG2 (Pro12Ala) and FABP genes. Despite recommendations for lifestyle modifications, it is especially important for patients with cardiovascular disease to achieve weight loss and maintenance. However, there are no studies comparing the effects of drug therapy and lifestyle modification.

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13

Abid, Rizwan, Bashir-ur -Rehman, and Humera Hameed. "WEIGHT REDUCTION;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 11 (November 3, 2017): 1630–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.11.644.

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Objective: Obesity is a serious disease and a precursor to other morbiditiessuch as CVD and type 2 DM. Lifestyle modifications are recommended to control obesity alongwith pharmacological and surgical interventions. In this study, we evaluate the beneficial effectsof orlistat in BMI reduction of obese patients in an OPD setup of Azad Jammu Kashmir. StudyDesign: It is a quasi-experimental placebo controlled trial. Setting: Divisional HeadquartersHospital Mirpur Azad Kashmir. Period: October 2013 to March 2014. Methods: 75 patients wereenrolled having BMI of more than 27 using BMI machine model 2012. 38 Patients were randomlyselected to receive orlistat 120 mg B.D for two months. 32 patients were given placebo and thereduction in BMI between the two arms was analyzed using SPSS 20. Results: After two monthsof study, significant reduction of 2.78 kg +/-1.718 kg in weight was observed in the study group.The reduction in average BMI in study group was 1.867 with -5.21 % reduction in BMI vs controlgroup which had an average BMI reduction of 0.46 with -1.411% reduction in BMI. The p value is0.001. 37.71% of patients taking orlistat reported side effects such as flatulence, fatty stools andmyalgia which were 8%, 18.91% and 10.8% respectively. Conclusions: Orlistat along with lifestyle modification is effective in BMI reduction of patients significantly as compared to placeboand may be helpful in reducing the morbidity and mortality in the long term. However, cautionshould be administered with orlistat because of high incidence of associated side effects.

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14

Williams, F. Cardias, and M. D. Hale. "The Resistance of Wood Chemically Modified with Isocyanates. Part 1. Brown Rot, White Rot and Acid Chlorite Delignification." Holzforschung 53, no. 3 (May 10, 1999): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.1999.039.

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Summary This study was to assess the bioprotectant performance of chemical modification with three different isocyanates (n-butyl, hexyl and 1,6-diisocyanatohexane, BuNCO, HeNCO and HDI respectively) in Corsican pine (Pinus nigra Schneid) sapwood. Wood-isocyanate bond formation was verified by the increase in sample weight, volume and by infra-red spectroscopy. Basidiomycete (Coniophora puteana, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Coriolus versicolor, Pycnoporus sanguineus) decay tests demonstrated protection by chemical modification. The relationships of fungal species, weight percent gain (WPG), and decay induced weight loss were examined. One of the brown rot fungi, C. puteana, showed higher threshold protection values than the other fungi tested and the diisocyanate showed better performance. Chemical characteristics of the sound and brown rotted wood (C. puteana) have been examined using sulphuric acid and sodium chlorite procedures to clarify the principles which govern isocyanate modifications and restrict fungal decay. These demonstrated that appreciable wood protection against C. puteana only occurred when the holocellulose fraction showed substantial changes due to chemical modification.

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15

NAKAMURA, Masahiko, Yoshiyuki HATA, and Syuji YAMAOKA. "Inorganic Surface Modification of Autoclaved Light Weight Concrete." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 96, no. 1119 (1988): 1093–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.96.1093.

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16

Gaspari, Camilla N. De, and Carlos A. M. Guerreiro. "Modification in body weight associated with antiepileptic drugs." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 68, no. 2 (April 2010): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2010000200024.

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Antiepileptic drugs (AED) may cause body weight changes. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the dietary habits and body weight associated with AED in epileptic patients. METHOD: Sixty-six patients were subjected to two interviews, and had their weight and body mass index calculated and compared at both times, interval between six to eight months. RESULTS: It was observed that 59.1% showed weight gain. The patients who had no weight gain had a greater proportion of individuals who engaged in some form of physical activity. However, of the 45 patients who maintained their initial dietary and medication pattern, 75.6% recorded a weight gain. Weight gain was seen in 66.7% of patients on carbamazepine (n=18), 60% on valproate (n=5), 50% on carbamazepine+clobazam treatment (n=14), and 58.3% of patients on other(s) polytherapy (n=12). CONCLUSION: The patient should be alerted to possible weight gain, and should be advised about dieting and participating in regular physical activity.

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17

PATHAK, A. "P1562 Heart rate variability modification induced by weight." European Heart Journal 24, no. 5 (March 2003): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-668x(03)94700-2.

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18

Winslow, Edward, Nancy Bohannon, Stephen A. Brunton, and Harry E. Mayhew. "Lifestyle modification: Weight control, exercise, and smoking cessation." American Journal of Medicine 101, no. 4 (October 1996): 25S—33S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9343(96)00317-8.

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19

Chen, Tianhua, Qiang Shen, Pan Su, and Changjing Shang. "Fuzzy rule weight modification with particle swarm optimisation." Soft Computing 20, no. 8 (November 12, 2015): 2923–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00500-015-1922-z.

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20

Zheng, Zhen, Xiaozhen Tang, Meiwu Shi, and Guotai Zhou. "Surface modification of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene fibers." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 42, no. 3 (2004): 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.10727.

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21

HHAET, O., P. VANDEBORNE, N. CUYLITS, J. SENARD, M. GALINIER, J. RONCALLI, D. CURNIER, and A. PATHAK. "Obesity-Induced Repolarisation Modification: Effect of Weight Loss." Europace 7 (October 2005): S23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eupc.2005.08.184.

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22

Lamu, NM, SL Pitmang, DJ Meshak, NT Ishaya, J. Anejo-Okopi, and JKA Madaki. "Effects of Structured lifestyle Modification on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice 4, no. 2 (August 8, 2021): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jbrcp.217.

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Several clinical trials have shown that lifestyle modifications lower blood pressure, affect weight as well as lipid profile and lower risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The study assessed the effect of structured lifestyle modification on cardiovascular risk factors amongst type 2 diabetic patients that attend the General Outpatient Clinic (GOPC) of Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH). The study was a randomized controlled trial on 352 participants at the GOPC of JUTH, from October 2015 to February 2016. The intervention offered was counselling on structured lifestyle modification in diet and exercise for a period of 12 weeks. The primary outcome measures were changes in blood pressure, weight and lipid profile. The data were analyzed using Epi Info version 3.5.3. There were significant differences between groups in favor of the intervention group; mean systolic blood pressure of -65 mmHg (t = 5.344; p = 0.017) and mean weight of -1.78kg (t = 2.452; p = 0.015). Structured lifestyle modification caused significant improvement on modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the general outpatient clinic of the Jos University Teaching Hospital.

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23

Feng, Xiaowei, Fei Xue, Tongyang Zhao, and Wenjie Jiang. "Mechanical Modification of Resin Capsules by Adding Steel Particles." Shock and Vibration 2021 (June 24, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6627520.

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Five kinds of steel particles with sizes ranging from 0.6 mm to 2.2 mm with increments of 0.4 mm were mixed with mining resin materials, and the mixing ratio of the particles was also varied. By using this approach, the film gloving problem of coal mine bolting should be effectively solved due to the shredding effects of the particles during bolt rotation. The premise is that the mechanical behavior should not be weakened under such conditions. A total of 47 standard cylindrical specimens were manually prepared, which included pure resin specimens and specimens containing particles with different sizes and weights. First, the homogeneity of a prepared standard specimen was verified by computed tomography (CT) scanning technology. Second, the mechanical improvements provided by each type of particle were evaluated. Thirdly, the effectiveness of both the particle weight and particle size was comprehensively discussed, and the eventual recommendation was to set for the particle size and weight as 1.4 mm and 40 g, respectively, and the particles weight percentage was 7.27%. Finally, the failure patterns for all specimens were collected and comprehensively compared. Additionally, pullout tests were carried out to vindicate the recommended particle size and weight.

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24

Menon, P., and M. S. Kumar. "DIABETES-POST-TRANSLATIONAL PROTEIN MODIFICATION FOR DEVELOPMENT OF NEW DRUGS." INDIAN DRUGS 51, no. 09 (September 28, 2014): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.51.09.p0005.

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Diabetes is a disorder associated with improper use of glucose by the body leading to increased level of glucose in the blood stream. Beta cells in the pancreas produce the hormone insulin, which is responsible for the movement of glucose into cells where it is utilized to produce energy. Due to the shortage of insulin in diabetic condition, the level of glucose in the bloodstream increases. The level of glucose within cells fall and thus the cells are not able to produce energy using glucose. It also gives rise to various other complications such as blindness, kidney failure, numbness in toes, delayed wound healing, cardiovascular complications, weight gain, loss of consciousness, disorientation etc. which in itself may be dangerous. The root cause of diabetes may either be lack of insulin being produced by the pancreas or development of resistance towards insulin leading to no effect of insulin on the glucose level. Post-translational modifications of protein control various biological processes. It is also considered as an important process in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.In the current review, we will discuss the recent developments in post translational modification of genes associated with diabetes as well as epigenetic modification and metabolic memory that maybe responsible for the onset of diabetes and its associated complications. Currently research is being conducted on high molecular weight adiponectin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARγ), epigenetic histone modifications and Calpain 10 (CAPN10 gene encoded) protein based upon the post translational modifications they undergo and how these modifications affect glucose level regulation. This review article aims at shedding light upon recent advances in biotechnology that are focussed on studying the nature of protein modifications that result in diabetes and finding ways to prevent these modifications or stimulate a new modification that may result in better control of the disease state if not a cure.

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25

Ross, Robert, Ian Janssen, and Angelo Tremblay. "Obesity Reduction Through Lifestyle Modification." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 25, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h00-001.

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Obesity is a worldwide public health problem. One in three Canadians is overweight, a prevalence that is already high and increasing. Moreover, 54% of men and 37% of Canadian women are characterized as abdominally obese, the phenotype that is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes. These observations underscore the importance of considering the efficacy of methods commonly used to reduce total and abdominal obesity. These strategies include a decrease in energy intake (diet), an increase in energy expenditure (exercise), or pharmacological intervention. The combination of diet and exercise is more commonly prescribed, with pharmacological intervention suggested only when lifestyle changes fail to achieve weight loss.The aim of this report is to review current knowledge regarding the influence of diet and exercise as treatment strategies for obesity reduction and provide recommendations for attaining and maintaining a healthy weight. The importance of diet composition in the treatment of obesity is also considered. Key words: body fat, weight loss, exercise, diet

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26

Sripongpun, Pimsiri. "Treatment in fatty liver: Lifestyle modification." Thai Journal of Hepatology 1, no. 2 (May 30, 2018): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30856/th.jhep2018vol1iss2_05.

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Анотація:

Non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) is a pandemic disease in modern era, however, the effectivepharmacological treatments for this condition are not currently available. To date, the current andstandard treatment of NAFLD is lifestyle modification. Seven to ten percent weight loss is mentionedin international guidelines and recommendations. Nonetheless, there are growing evidence of lifestylechange in management of NAFLD apart from losing weight alone. In this article, the data of lifestylemodification in NAFLD including weight reduction, adjustment of dietary composition, exercise durationand intensity, coffee intake, and sleep are reviewed. Figure 1 พยาธิกำเนิดและการดำเนินโรคเข้าสู่ภาวะแทรกซ้อนทางตับของภาวะตับคั่งไขมัน อันมิได้เกิดจากแอลกอฮอล์อย่างคร่าว (ดัดแปลงจากเอกสารอ้างอิงที่ 12, 13) Keywords: fatty liver, lifestyle, NAFLD, NASH, steatohepatitis, treatment, exercise, diet

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Wölk, Michele, Theres Schröter, Ralf Hoffmann, and Sanja Milkovska-Stamenova. "Profiling of Low-Molecular-Weight Carbonyls and Protein Modifications in Flavored Milk." Antioxidants 9, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111169.

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Thermal treatments of dairy products favor oxidations, Maillard reactions, and the formation of sugar or lipid oxidation products. Additives including flavorings might enhance these reactions or even induce further reactions. Here we aimed to characterize protein modifications in four flavored milk drinks using samples along the production chain—raw milk, pasteurization, mixing with flavorings, heat treatment, and the commercial product. Therefore, milk samples were analyzed using a bottom up proteomics approach and a combination of data-independent (MSE) and data-dependent acquisition methods (DDA). Twenty-one small carbonylated lipids were identified by shotgun lipidomics triggering 13 protein modifications. Additionally, two Amadori products, 12 advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and 12 oxidation-related modifications were targeted at the protein level. The most common modifications were lactosylation, formylation, and carboxymethylation. The numbers and distribution of modification sites present in raw milk remained stable after pasteurization and mixing with flavorings, while the final heat treatment significantly increased lactosylation and hexosylation in qualitative and quantitative terms. The processing steps did not significantly affect the numbers of AGE-modified, oxidized/carbonylated, and lipid-carbonylated sites in proteins.

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Skelton, Joseph A., Qun Xiang, and Glenn Flores. "MULTIDISCIPLINARY BEHAVIORAL MODIFICATION IMPROVES WEIGHT STATUS IN OVERWEIGHT CHILDREN." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 43, no. 4 (October 2006): E63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005176-200610000-00185.

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29

Wierenga, Mary E., and Katherine K. Oldham. "Weight control: a lifestyle-modification model for improving health." Nursing Clinics of North America 37, no. 2 (June 2002): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-6465(01)00010-x.

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30

Gusev, Yu K., V. S. Glukhovskoi, V. P. Yudin, and E. A. Shvetsova. "Low-Molecular-Weight Polydienes: Synthesis, Properties, Modification, and Application." International Polymer Science and Technology 37, no. 2 (February 2010): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x1003700203.

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31

Wadden, Thomas A., Meghan L. Butryn, and Kirstin J. Byrne. "Efficacy of Lifestyle Modification for Long-Term Weight Control." Obesity Research 12, S12 (December 2004): 151S—162S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2004.282.

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32

Dorn, Maximilian. "Modification of molecular weight and flow properties of thermoplastics." Advances in Polymer Technology 5, no. 2 (1985): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adv.1985.060050203.

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Putra Gofur, Nanda Rachmad, Aisyah Rachmadani Putri Gofur, Soesilaningtyas Soesilaningtyas, Rizki Nur Rachman Putra Gofur, Mega Kahdina, and Hernalia Martadila Putri. "Lifestyle Modification Therapy in Diabetes Disease: A Review Article." Endocrinology and Disorders 6, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2640-1045/112.

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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) resulting from disturbances in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Insulin is a hormone produced by pancreatic beta cells, which is needed to utilize glucose from digested food. Comprehensive care is taken to treat patients with either prediabetes or diabetes. Diabetes management includes lifestyle interventions along with pharmacologic therapy and routine blood glucose monitoring. So that a decrease in blood glucose can occur and can be stable for a long time. Discussion:Lifestyle modification is an economical treatment that saves costs to prevent or delay the onset of diabetes. On the other hand, nutritional management provided by a dietitian is also recommended. Moderate weight loss goals are an important component of diabetes prevention and treatment, as large body weight can increase blood glucose levels, and can also have an increasing impact on blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Weight loss can be achieved through a balanced diet, with total control of calories and free carbohydrates. However, for diabetic patients following a low-carbohydrate diet, they should be informed about possible side effects such as hypoglycemia, headaches and constipation. Other studies have suggested the consumption of complex dietary fiber and whole grains to improve blood sugar control. Greater adherence to diet combined with light physical activity was associated with a lower likelihood of diabetes after adjusting for various factors. Conclusion:Lifestyle modification is a fairly cost-effective treatment to prevent or delay the onset of diabetes, with a risk reduction of about 58% in 3 years. It is strongly recommended by the ADA that patients with IGT, IFG or HbA1C levels of 5.7-6.4% be counseled on lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise. On the other hand, nutritional management provided by a dietitian is also recommended.

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Fees, Martin, Tony Decker, Lynn Snyder-Mackler, and Michael J. Axe. "Upper Extremity Weight-Training Modifications for the Injured Athlete." American Journal of Sports Medicine 26, no. 5 (September 1998): 732–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465980260052301.

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The ability of the health care professional to make correct decisions about the progression of weight-training is critical to the rehabilitation process. The purpose of this article is to describe our approach to modification of weight-lifting techniques using the injured shoulder as a model. Additionally, the impact of various upper extremity weight-training techniques on healthy athletes is discussed. The effects of grip, hand spacing, bar trajectory, and start and finishing positions on microtraumatic injury and return to weight-training activities after injury are considered. Several weight-training functional progressions for common multijoint exercises (such as bench press, shoulder press, power clean) are presented. Adaptations for periodization are also presented for implementation in the rehabilitation sequence. The weight-training modifications described in this paper will assist the health professional to safely return athletes to the weight room after shoulder injury.

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Bollmus, Susanne, Cara Beeretz, and Holger Militz. "Tensile and Impact Bending Properties of Chemically Modified Scots Pine." Forests 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2020): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11010084.

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This study deals with the influence of chemical modification on elasto-mechanical properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The elasto-mechanical properties examined were impact bending strength, determined by impact bending test; tensile strength; and work to maximum load in traction, determined by tensile tests. The modification agents used were one melamine-formaldehyde resin (MF), one low molecular weight phenol-formaldehyde resin, one higher molecular weight phenol-formaldehyde resin, and a dimethylol dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU). Special attention was paid to the influence of the solution concentration (0.5%, 5%, and 20%). With an increase in the concentration of each modification agent, the elasto-mechanical properties decreased as compared to the control specimens. Especially impact bending strength decreased greatly by modifications with the 0.5% solutions of each agent (by 37% to 47%). Modification with DMDHEU resulted in the highest overall reduction of the elasto-mechanical properties examined (up to 81% in work to maximum load in traction at 20% solution concentration). The results indicate that embrittlement is not primarily related to the degree of modification depended on used solution concentration. It is therefore assumed that molecular size and the resulting ability to penetrate into the cell wall could be crucial. The results show that, in the application of chemically modified wood, impact and tensile loads should be avoided even after treatment with low concentrations.

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Pintucci, G., N. Quarto, and D. B. Rifkin. "Methylation of high molecular weight fibroblast growth factor-2 determines post-translational increases in molecular weight and affects its intracellular distribution." Molecular Biology of the Cell 7, no. 8 (August 1996): 1249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.7.8.1249.

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The high molecular weight (HMW) forms (24, 22.5, and 22 kDa) of basic fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) contain an N-terminal extension responsible for their predominantly nuclear localization. These forms of FGF-2 are post-translationally modified, resulting in a 1- to 2-kDa increase in apparent molecular mass. Here we show that this post-translational modification is inhibited by methionine starvation and by the methyltransferase inhibitors 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA) and 3-deaza-adenosine. Inhibition of the methylation-dependent modification results in a significant decrease in HMW FGF-2 nuclear accumulation, suggesting that methylation is relevant to the intracellular distribution of these forms of FGF-2. Treatment with MTA does not affect either the synthesis or the intracellular fate of another nuclear protein, the SV40 large T antigen, demonstrating that this drug does not have a generalized effect on nuclear protein accumulation. These results link HMW FGF-2 post-translational modification to its intracellular distribution.

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Zempo-Miyaki, Asako, Hiroshi Kumagai, Toru Yoshikawa, Kanae Myoenzono, Rina So, Takeshi Otsuki, Kiyoji Tanaka, and Seiji Maeda. "Pentraxin 3 increases in adult overweight and obese men after weight loss by dietary modification with exercise training." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 44, no. 2 (February 2019): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2018-0214.

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The circulatory level of pentraxin 3 (PTX3), an anti-inflammatory cardioprotective protein, has been shown to be lower in obese individuals than in those with normal weight. However, reports on the effects of different weight-loss methods on PTX3 are limited. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of weight loss on circulating PTX3 levels in overweight and obese men and to examine the combined effect of dietary modification and exercise training on PTX3 levels. Forty-eight overweight and obese men were assigned to 2 groups: dietary modification (group D) or exercise training and dietary modification (group DE). Groups D and DE were composed of 27 and 21 participants, respectively. We observed a significant independent relationship between changes in PTX3 and body mass index (BMI) in all participants (β = −0.617, p < 0.01). Subsequently, we compared the effects of the 2 weight-loss methods on plasma PTX3 in groups D and DE. The magnitude of the increase in plasma PTX3 levels was similar in the 2 groups. Interestingly, we observed that PTX3 levels in group DE increased significantly more than those in group D in subjects who achieved normal weight, based on BMI, after interventions. Our study suggested that weight reduction after lifestyle modification significantly increased PTX3 levels in overweight and obese men, and the addition of habitual exercise to dietary modification enhanced the magnitude of the increase in PTX3 levels in obese individuals achieving normal weight after weight loss.

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38

Stewart, C. Craig. "Modification of Student Attitudes Toward Disabled Peers." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 5, no. 1 (January 1988): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.5.1.44.

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This study set out to determine the effects of two disabled university students on the attitudes of students in a weight training class. University students enrolled in two general weight training classes agreed to participate in this study. They were administered the Attitude Toward Disabled Persons scale at the start and finish of a university quarter (10 weeks). Two physically disabled university students agreed to be integrated into one of the classes. T tests and an analysis of covariance revealed a significant improvement in the attitudes of students who were in the weight training class with the disabled students. Implications for systematic practicum experience for majors in areas that would have future contact with disabled populations was discussed. Peer interaction appears to have a positive significant effect on the attitudes of nondisabled students toward disabled individuals.

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39

O'Leary, Fenton, Blessy John-Denny, Kathryn McGarvey, Alexandra Hann, Ioannis Pegiazoglou, and Jennifer Peat. "Estimating the weight of ethnically diverse children attending an Australian emergency department: a prospective, blinded, comparison of age-based and length-based tools including Mercy, PAWPER and Broselow." Archives of Disease in Childhood 102, no. 1 (October 31, 2016): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2016-310917.

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ObjectiveTo prospectively compare the actual weights of Australian children in an ethnically diverse metropolitan setting with the predicted weights using the Paediatric Advanced Weight Prediction in the Emergency Room (PAWPER) tape, Broselow tape, Mercy system and calculated weights using the updated Advanced Paediatric Life Support (APLS), Luscombe and Owens and Best Guess formulae.MethodsA prospective, cross-sectional, observational, blinded, convenience study conducted at the Children's Hospital at Westmead Paediatric Emergency Department in Sydney, Australia. Comparisons were made using Bland-Altman plots, mean difference, limits of agreement and estimated weight within 10% and 20% of actual weight.Results199 patients were enrolled in the study with a mean actual weight of 27.2 kg (SD 17.2). Length-based tools, with or without body habitus adjustment, performed better than age-based formulae. When measuring estimated weight within 10% of actual weight, PAWPER performed best with 73%, followed by Mercy (69%), PAWPER with no adjustment (62%), Broselow (60%), Best Guess (47%), Luscombe and Owens (41%) and revised APLS (40%). Mean difference was similar across all methods ranging from 0.4 kg (0.0, 0.9) for Mercy to −2.2 kg (−3.5, −0.9) for revised APLS. Limits of agreement were narrower for the length-based tools (−5.9, 6.8 Mercy; −8.3, 5.6 Broselow; −9.0, 7.1 PAWPER adjusted; −12.1, 9.2 PAWPER unadjusted) than the age-based formulae (−18.6, 17.4 Best Guess; −19.4, 15.1 revised APLS, −21.8, 17.7 Luscombe and Owens).ConclusionIn an ethnically diverse population, length-based methods with or without body habitus modification are superior to age-based methods for predicting actual body weight. Body habitus modifications increase the accuracy and precision slightly.

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40

Gao, Shanglin, and Yeguang Zeng. "Surface modification of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers by plasma treatment. II. Mechanism of surface modification." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 47, no. 12 (March 20, 1993): 2093–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070471202.

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41

Wahyuningsih, Kendri, Sri Yuliani, Wahyu Diyono, Hoerudin Hoerudin, and Tatang Hidayat. "INCREASING PRODUCTION WEIGHT OF MODIFIED-BIOSILICA FROM RICE HUSK AND ITS APPLICATIONS AS REINFORCING FILLER IN RUBBER FINISHED GOODS." Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian 18, no. 2 (November 24, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jpasca.v18n2.2021.63-74.

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Biosilica from rice husks has a potential that can be used as a reinforcing filler in the production of rubber finished goods displace mine silica. But it’s difficult to disperse homogenetically into a rubber finished goods, so it needs to modify the surface using a coupling agent sign. The capacity for the production of modified-biosilica would need to be at a great level to meet the needs of the rubber industry. The purpose of the research is to identify the characteristics of the modified-biosilica by silane TESPT (bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfane) that resulted from increasing the weight of biosilica in the production process and the application as reinforcing filler on the rubber. Increasing of weight in the production process was done gradually on a scale of 0.5; 1; 2; and 5 kg of biosilica per process using a mixer-propeller. The technique on surface modifications was using a one-step modification (OSM) and two-step modification (TSM). Surface modification treatment using TESPT has increased the uniformity of the particle size distribution of the biosilica. Unmodified-biosilica has an average particle size of 717.1 nm (PDI 0.600), while modified-biosilica has an average particle size of 574.6 nm (PDI 0.585). Applications for reinforcing filler in the soles rubber industry are performed in PT Triangkasa Lestari Utama. Research indicates that increasing the weight of biosilica on the surface modifications did not significantly affect the density, lightness, crystallinity, and purity. The applications as reinforcing fillers have increased the quality of rubber finished goods compared with unmodified-biosilica. The best rubber finished goods quality approaching shoes-sol standards is a product that used modified-biosilica by OSM technique. This rubber finished goods has a tensile strength of 5.80 MPa, elongation at break of 425%, tear strength of 23.25% and abrasion resistance of 251.5 mm3 .

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42

Blomain, Erik Scott, Dara Anne Dirhan, Michael Anthony Valentino, Gilbert Won Kim, and Scott Arthur Waldman. "Mechanisms of Weight Regain following Weight Loss." ISRN Obesity 2013 (April 16, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/210524.

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Obesity is a world-wide pandemic and its incidence is on the rise along with associated comorbidities. Currently, there are few effective therapies to combat obesity. The use of lifestyle modification therapy, namely, improvements in diet and exercise, is preferable over bariatric surgery or pharmacotherapy due to surgical risks and issues with drug efficacy and safety. Although they are initially successful in producing weight loss, such lifestyle intervention strategies are generally unsuccessful in achieving long-term weight maintenance, with the vast majority of obese patients regaining their lost weight during followup. Recently, various compensatory mechanisms have been elucidated by which the body may oppose new weight loss, and this compensation may result in weight regain back to the obese baseline. The present review summarizes the available evidence on these compensatory mechanisms, with a focus on weight loss-induced changes in energy expenditure, neuroendocrine pathways, nutrient metabolism, and gut physiology. These findings have added a major focus to the field of antiobesity research. In addition to investigating pathways that induce weight loss, the present work also focuses on pathways that may instead prevent weight regain. Such strategies will be necessary for improving long-term weight loss maintenance and outcomes for patients who struggle with obesity.

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43

Marks, J. B. "Lifestyle Modification and Weight Control in Diabetes Prevention and Treatment." Clinical Diabetes 23, no. 3 (July 1, 2005): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diaclin.23.3.129.

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44

Lee, Jin-Won, Na-Eun Kwon, Ji-Hong Kim, and Jae-Hyun Park. "Correction of Aircraft Empty Weight CG due to LRU Modification." Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 50, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2022.50.8.551.

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45

Aarya, Suveda, Pawan Kumar, Mamta Bhatia, Sanjeev Kumar, Jyotsna Sharma, and Siddhartha. "Gamma Rays Induced Modification in Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE)." Advances in Polymer Technology 2021 (June 7, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7013154.

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Modifications taking place in ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) films due to gamma ray radiation-induced and investigated in correlation with the applied doses. Films were irradiated in a vacuum at room temperature by a 1.25 MeV Co60 a source with doses ranging from 0 to 300 kGg. The optical, chemical, structural, and surface morphological properties of the irradiated and unirradiated UHMWPE films were investigated by UV-Visible, FTIR, XRD, and SEM, respectively. The band gap E g decreases with increasing radiation dose and coloration effects have been seen at higher doses. FTIR spectra show an oscillatory behavior in the transmittance intensities without affecting in their peak positions. Number of small absorption peaks can be seen clearly which may be due to the cross-linking of the polymeric chain. No significant change in crystalline peak has been found in the X-ray diffraction pattern indicating the structural stability of the polymer. The morphology of the smooth topography of the polymer samples to change rougher one polymeric sample shows the formation of microvoids on the surface of the polymeric materials with the increase of the doses from 0 to 300 kGy.

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46

Jiang, Xiao, Zhongjian Tian, Xingxiang Ji, Hao Ma, Guihua Yang, Ming He, Lin Dai, Ting Xu, and Chuanling Si. "Alkylation modification for lignin color reduction and molecular weight adjustment." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 201 (March 2022): 400–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.162.

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47

Ng, S. C., C. C. Cheung, and S. H. Leung. "Magnified Gradient Function With Deterministic Weight Modification in Adaptive Learning." IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 15, no. 6 (November 2004): 1411–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnn.2004.836237.

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48

Tsvetkova, E. A. "Surface Modification of Articles made from Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene." International Polymer Science and Technology 31, no. 6 (June 2004): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x0403100603.

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49

Shirazian, Taraneh, Sharifa Monteith, Frederick Friedman, and Andrei Rebarber. "Lifestyle Modification Program Decreases Pregnancy Weight Gain in Obese Women." American Journal of Perinatology 27, no. 05 (December 11, 2009): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1243368.

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50

Christian, J. G., A. G. Tsai, and D. H. Bessesen. "Interpreting weight losses from lifestyle modification trials: using categorical data." International Journal of Obesity 34, no. 1 (October 13, 2009): 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2009.213.

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