Дисертації з теми "WE 344"
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Hecquet, Sophie. "Inflammation et perméabilité intestinales et translocation bactérienne en cas d'arthrite : études précliniques et cliniques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCE024.
Повний текст джерелаThe pathophysiology of spondyloarthritis (SpA) is complex and involves several cellular and tissue players, including the intestinal tissue. The latter plays an essential role by allowing the passage of molecules of varying molecular weights, while also limiting the translocation of pathogenic agents. Intestinal inflammation and loss of intestinal barrier function have been observed in patients with SpA. Data suggest that this hyperpermeability may be related to the increase in serum zonulin observed in these patients, a precursor protein of haptoglobin 2 and a physiological modulator of intestinal epithelial tight junctions.Various hypotheses attempt to explain the increased intestinal permeability and elevated circulating zonulin in patients with SpA, with intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis being central factors. Changes in the intestinal microbiota have been observed in patients with SpA, although its role in the disease’s pathophysiology is still poorly understood. It has been demonstrated that the presence of enteroinvasive bacteria in the ileum of SpA patients leads to tissue overexpression of zonulin and underexpression of structural proteins in intestinal epithelial tight junctions. Dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability would thus allow the translocation of bacterial antigens from the intestinal lumen to the digestive mucosa, triggering an immune system activation. These data highlight the key pathophysiological role of digestive permeability and bacterial translocation in SpA patients, although no studies have yet clearly linked them or defined the timing of their occurrence during the course of the disease.Animal models offer a unique opportunity to highlight the pathophysiological characteristics of inflammatory rheumatic diseases. They also allow for the study of the physiological properties of deep organs, such as the digestive tract, in treatment-naive animals at different stages of disease progression, including preclinical stages. Our team has conducted numerous studies on the adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) model, a recent arthritis model. This model is characterized by acute inflammation followed by a phase of bone formation and by the polarization of the immune response towards the IL-23/Th17 pathway. This model is of particular interest because our team has identified early endothelial dysfunction at the mesenteric level at the onset of arthritis development, suggesting early intestinal involvement in this model.The overall objective of this thesis was to characterize the digestive abnormalities observed in the AIA model and to study the effect of different pharmacological treatments on the intestinal barrier. The first study aimed to examine the comparative kinetics of joint involvement and digestive abnormalities. This study focused on four main aspects: intestinal permeability, intestinal and joint inflammation, dysbiosis, and bacterial translocation. It shed light on potential links between digestive disturbances and joint symptoms, thus paving the way for new therapeutic options. The second study evaluated the impact of different steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the intestinal barrier in the adjuvant-induced arthritis model. This study showed a differentiated effect of NSAIDs on the intestinal barrier depending on the selectivity of cyclooxygenase inhibition. Finally, the third study investigated the effect of tofacitinib on the intestinal barrier
Lennon, Alexander Thomas Jacobson. "Why do we do track two? transnational security policy networks and u.s. nuclear nonproliferation policy /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3442.
Повний текст джерелаThesis research directed by: Public Affairs. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
Barton, Alison L. "How Can We Engage Our Online Students in Deeper Thinking? The Potential of Guided Inquiries." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3424.
Повний текст джерелаOughton, Helen. ""We all play teacher" : a study of student discourse in adult numeracy classrooms." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15114/.
Повний текст джерелаHult, Carl. "The way we conform to paid labour : Commitment to employment and organization from a comparative perspective." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Sociologiska institutionen, Umeå universitet, 2004. http://www.diva-portal.org/diva/getDocument?urn_nbn_se_umu_diva-343-1__fulltext.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSuarez, Jorge Ramiro Perez. "We are cyborgs : developing a theoretical model for understanding criminal behaviour on the Internet." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2015. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/28324/.
Повний текст джерелаPáez, Conesa José Ezequiel. "Abortion: what we ought to believe: an ontological and normative analysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129465.
Повний текст джерелаIn this dissertation it is asked whether we ought to conceive of abortion, morally speaking, as killing someone or, rather, as preventing someone from existing. First, some preliminary distinctions about values and practical reasons are drawn. Secondly, the merits of different arguments for the position that abortion is like killing someone are compared. It is then proposed that the best such argument must consider that the relevant reason-giving facts pertaining to the morality of killing are those about the value the victim’s life has for her and that diachronic identity is what matters in survival. Finally, a number of challenges to the ontological and normative assumptions of that argument are presented, it being ultimately found lacking. From the consideration of those objections it is concluded that abortion ought to be conceived, from the standpoint of practical reason, as deciding which of several possible beings shall become actual, and thus as a parcel of population ethics.
Trifan, Isabella Ana-Maria. "What do we owe parents?: distributing the costs of children." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667396.
Повний текст джерелаEl tema de esta tesis es la justa distribución de los costes de los niños. En concreto, se plantea la pregunta de si una sociedad liberal igualitaria ideal debe a los padres asegurar que los costes de los niños se comparten entre los padres y los no-padres. Esta cuestión ha recibido relativamente poca atención por parte de los filósofos políticos, pero resulta pertinente a una preocupación fundamental para cualquier teoría distributiva: identificar a los agentes responsables de asegurar a los nuevos miembros de la sociedad lo que se les debe. La tesis proporciona una investigación exhaustiva sobre los motivos en virtud de los cuales los padres pueden pretender que se socialicen los costes de los niños. La tesis alega que las posibilidades de establecer con éxito tales reclamaciones son muy limitadas. Esto se debe a que estas reclamaciones (i) irían en contra del compromiso igualitario liberal con la responsabilidad personal de la elección procreativa, o (ii) en contra del compromiso con la neutralidad del estado entre diferentes concepciones del bien. Finalmente, muestra que una família de argumentos ampliamente respaldados que apoyan las reclamaciones de los padres (iii) están basados en versiones específicas de un controvertido principio normativo, a saber, el principio de equidad, que bajo escrutinio resultan inverosímiles. A continuación, la tesis desarrolla un nuevo significado del concepto de equidad, al que llamo Teoría de las Preferencias Compartidas. Según esta teoría, los padres típicos no pueden extender demandas de equidad con respecto a los subsidios genitoriales. La teoría de la equidad que desarrollo tiene implicaciones importantes más allá del debate sobre la justa distribución de los costes de los niños, incluyendo aspectos de justicia ambiental y el establecimiento de una obligación moral de obedecer la ley.
Spotorno, Riccardo Maria. "A Defence of parental licensing: how we should do justice to children an adults." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671055.
Повний текст джерелаEsta tesis es un estudio sistemático y una defensa del parental licensing (es decir, la condicionalización del derecho a criar a un hijo biológico a la aprobación de una serie de tests y controles orientados a establecer si un adulto, o un grupo de adultos, es capaz de criar adecuadamente un niño). Pese a que esta propuesta ha sido objeto de una profunda controversia, tanto en el debate público como entre los filósofos que trabajan sobre las relaciones entre padres e hijos, no ha recibido un análisis detallado y meticuloso: esta tesis se propone llenar este vacío. En concreto, mi objetivo es mostrar que podemos defender esta polémica propuesta apelando únicamente a premisas no controvertidas sobre la justicia entre padres e hijos, que detallo en el Capítulo 1. En el Capítulo 2, ofrezco una visión panorámica del debate sobre el parental licensing, mostrando que el principal argumento a favor de la propuesta apela a una simetría entre padres adoptivos, quienes actualmente deben obtener un carné, y padres biológicos, que no lo necesitan; quienes se oponen al parental licensing, por otro lado, subscriben lo que yo denomino la Posición de la Asimetría (Asymmetry View) sobre el parental licensing. Aunque los defensores del parental licensing pueden responder con éxito a estas objeciones, el debate, tal y como se ha desarrollado hasta ahora, ha descuidado cuestiones fundamentales que una defensa robusta del parental licensing – o, igualmente, una crítica a la propuesta – debería tener en cuenta. En el Capítulo 3 argumento que el parental licensing es uno de los diversos sistemas mediante los cuáles el estado decide cómo asignar un hijo específico bajo la custodia de un adulto en particular; además, muestro que cada uno de estos sistemas produce una distribución distinta de los daños y los riesgos, tanto para los adultos como para los niños. En el Capítulo 4, argumento que, mientras que los defensores del statu quo sólo pueden apelar a posiciones agregativistas acerca de la justificación de la imposición de daños y riesgos, que son profundamente implausibles; otras posiciones más plausibles apoyan el parental licensing. El Capítulo 5 considera una serie de cuestiones relacionadas con la implementación de la propuesta; en particular, la posibilidad de que se produzcan errores durante el proceso de cribaje y la justificación de la propuesta en condiciones sociales injustas. Este capítulo concluye también mi defensa del parental licensing. Los dos últimos capítulos discuten los requisitos morales de los padres, más allá de los que mi propuesta particular pretende implementar. El Capítulo 6 analiza y pone en duda la llamada Posición del Interés Dual (Dual Interest View) acerca de la justicia entre padres e hijos, asumida a lo largo de la tesis. Frente a dicha posición, se defiende un principio controvertido según los mejores intereses del niño siempre gozan de prioridad sobre el interés que los adultos puedan tener en la crianza. En el Capítulo 7 se argumenta que los niños tienen un derecho a ser amados incondicionalmente y que los adultos que sean incapaces de amar a sus hijos carecen del derecho moral a criar ningún hijo.
Müller, Nicole. "Nanoparticles in the environment risk assessment based on exposure-modelling : what concentrations of nano titanium dioxide, carbon nanotubes and nano silver are we exposed to? /." Zürich : ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Sciences, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=dipl&nr=347.
Повний текст джерелаPeres, Daniele. "Elaboration et évaluation d’un programme d’exercice aérobie sur cycloergomètre et de sa récupération immergée chez le patient atteint de polyarthrite rhumatoïde." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCE017.
Повний текст джерелаRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory, autoimmune, chronic and systemic disease with the presence of arthritis and peripheral synovitis. Another severe consequence of the disease and its treatments is the presence of early high arterial stiffness, hence a high incidence of cardiovascular problems for the subjects with RA. The practice of physical exercises (PE) is recognized as one of the most effective non-pharmacological therapies against the cardiovascular risk. However, the RA population has a low level of physical activity and PE programs are rarely offered in the therapeutic management of these patients. To overcome this problem, the association of cryotherapy to an appropriate PE program seems to be an interesting strategy. The objective of this work was to design and test a PE program associated with cryotherapy adapted to patients with RA in order to fight against the cardiovascular risk.From a systematic review, we have shown the lack of the literature in terms of PE program associated with cryotherapy for patients with RA, the lack of consensus on the methods used for both the type of PE to be proposed and the cryotherapy methods and temperatures employed. Consequently, we have proposed several preliminary studies to determine the most appropriate exercise and cryotherapy modalities for defining a simple, effective and suitable program. These works were carried out firstly in healthy subjects and after in patients with RA. We have also undertaken to better define the used conditions of the pulse wave velocity to interpret arterial stiffness and use it as a marker of effects of our PE program on cardiovascular risk. Finally, we tried to evaluate what could be the obstacles to the practice of PE for these patients, to consider and overcome them in the implementation of our proposals. The main results of our works allowed us to define the characteristics of a PE program associated with cryotherapy for patients with RA to act on their arterial stiffness.This program, entitled Prexcrim, was implemented with a group of patients with RA. The first results confirmed the feasibility of our proposals and the good tolerance of patients. No study output or side effect was observed in the patients. At this stage of inclusion and analysis of the results, it appears that the proposed PE program allows for changes in arterial stiffness, particularly for patients with high arterial stiffness. It was not observed exacerbation of the disease or inflammatory syndrome, which seems to reinforce the interest of the proposed cryotherapy method. The inclusions that continue will undoubtedly refine these first interpretations.In conclusion, our work proposes some responses about the lack in terms of the fight against the increased cardiovascular risk observed in patients with RA. Our approach allowed the realization of a simple and easy PE program associated with cryotherapy. The first results meet our expectations. The first analyzes shown that the principles of individualization and progressivity need to be improved to optimize the effects of the program
Guillot, Xavier. "Effets thérapeutiques et anti-inflammatoires de la cryothérapie dans les rhumatismes inflammatoires." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA3009/document.
Повний текст джерелаCryotheapy i widely and empirically used in an adjuvant setting in inflammatory rheumatic diseases, with a low level of evidence. We performed a systematic review of the literature and, by pooling data from 6 non-controlled studies, we could show that local cryotherapy (local or whole-body cryotherapy) applaied twice a day for 7-15 days significantly reduced the pain VAS and the DAS28 activity score in rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, local cryotherapy (ice packs or cold gas) showed significantly greater intra)class effect-sizes compared to whole-body cryotherapy. The aim of this work was to measure the effects of local cryotherapy on pain, synovial and systemic inflammation in arthrici patients and in the murine model of adjuvant-induced arthritis. First, in the CDRI and ALGGAR randomized studies, we evaluated the effects of 2 local cold applications (ice versus cold gas) on pain, power Doppler activity and intra-joint cytokine protein levels in 46 patients suffering from non-septic knee arthritides. Contralateral arthritic knee were used as control. Secondly, we studied the in vitro effects of mild hypothermia (30°C for 2 hours) on cytokine protein expression in a model of cultured arthritic rat patellae. Thidly, we studied the in vitro effects of sub-chronically applied ice or cold gas (twice a day for 14 days versus non-treated arthritic controls) on the arthritis score, the ankle diameter, pro-inflammatory cytokine gene transcription levelsin hind paws (Q-RT-PCR) and cytokine plasma protein levelx (Multiplex and ELISA) after 14 days of treatment. In the CDRI study, local cryotherapy (ice and cold gas) significantly reduced the pain VAS and the power Doppler score in treated kness, and these effects remained significant the day afetr 2 cold applicaitions. In an intermediate analysis of the ALGGAR study results, by pooling the 2 treatment groups, we could show significant decreases in IL-6 protein, IL-1β and VEGF synovial fluid protein levels after 2 cold applicatios. In arthritic rat patella explangt culture experiments, punctual hypothermia significantly reduced IL-6 protein levels. In vivon ice was more efficient on the clinical parameters and better tolerated compared to cold gas. Both techniques significantly reduced IL-6, IL-17A ans IL-1β gene transcription levels in hind paws after 14 days of treatment. Both techniques redcued IL-17A plasma protein levles, while ice also reduced IL-6 and VEGF plasma protein levels. Conversely, we observed no effect of local cryotherapy on the TNF-α pathway, neither in patients nor in our animal model. Here we demonstrate for the first time therapeutic and anti-inflammatory effet-cts of local cryothepary in arthritis. The biological effects were IL-6/IL-17-driven and TNF-α independent. Further studies will help elucidate the underlying molecular mlechanisms involved and detemrine whether local cryotherapy might be a safer alternative to NSAIDs ans corticosteroids in inflammatory rheumatic diseases
Prati, Clément. "Rôle de l'arginase dans l'atteinte vasculaire associée à l'arthrite chez le rat." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA3017/document.
Повний текст джерелаPatients with RA are characterized by a decrease in life expectancy of 10 to 15 years. This increase in mortality seems to be related to an accelerated atheroma process. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) has a key role in these processes. The arginase is an enzyme which regulates the level of NO by competing with the NO synthase (NOS) to their common substrate, L-arginine.We showed that acetylcholine (ACh) dependent vasodilation was altered in the model of Adjuvant Induced Arthritis (AIA) in Lewis rats, indicating a endothelial dysfunction. The incubation of aortic rings with nor-NOHA has improved the vascular response to ACh in AIA rats. The activity and expression of vascular arginase are increased in AIA rats and positively correlated with the severity of arthritis.We characterized the mechanisms involved in DE in AIA rats. Our results showed that ED involved a decrease of activity of NO synthase, a decrease of EDHF, overactiviry of COX-2, thromboxane synthase and prostacyclin synthase, as well as excessive superoxide anions. The cure of AIA rats by a selective inhibitor of arginase, nor-NOHA for 3 weeks, has restored endothelial function. In contrast, inhibition of arginase activity did not change the weight, the diameter of ankles, radiological or histological articular damage in AIA rats.Our work has led to a better understanding of pathophysiology of ED associated with rheumatoid arthritis and determined for the first time the deleterious role of arginase in this vascular anomaly. These results open prospects for the use of arginase inhibitors as future pharmacological treatment of vascular patient PR
Totoson, Perle. "Dysfonction endothéliale et polyarthrite rhumatoïde : cinétique, mécanismes et traitements. Etude chez le rat." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA3013/document.
Повний текст джерелаRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common systemic autoimmune disease which is associated with excessive cardiovascular (CV) mortality and morbidity. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) has been identified as a key element in the development of atherosclerosis and CV complications in RA. However, both pathophysiology and therapeutic options of ED are still ill-defined. In this work we aimed to determine the time-course of ED in RA, the differences of ED between macro- and microvasculature, the link between ED and circulating markers of inflammation or endothelial activation, and the effect of an anti-TNFα agent, Etanercept, for reversing ED. Experiments have been conducted on the model of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in Lewis rats. Endothelial function was assessed in isolated aortic rings (macrovasculature) and in isolated mesenteric arteries (microvasculature). In a first study, we showed that ED occurred earlier in microvascular bed (first symptoms of arthritis) than in macrovascular bed (at maximal inflammation), and is more sustainable. Circulating levels of CRP, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 cannot be used as markers of ED in arthritis.In a second study, we characterized the mechanisms involved in ED in AIA rats. Our results showed that despite the absence of aortic ED in the early stage of arthritis (first symptoms of arthritis), endothelial abnormalities are already present but initially compensated by an increase in NOS activity. We identified plasma levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and MIP-1α as potential circulating markers of macrovascular ED in RA.Our third study demonstrated the ability of a curative treatment with Etanercept, an anti-TNFα, to improve endothelial function in the AIA model, regardless its impact on traditional CV risk factors and on the severity of the diseaseIn conclusion, our results led to improve the understanding of ED in case of arthritis. They provide diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives to enhance the management of CV risk in RA patients
Grabowski, Krzysztof. "Dyrektywa o prawach akcjonariuszy (2007/36/WE). Studium Tworzenia Prawa." Doctoral thesis, 2013. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/364.
Повний текст джерелаGonzalez, Lorena L. "Why Can't We All Be Friends? Do Friendships Influence a Person's Perception of Racial Teasing?" 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-314.
Повний текст джерелаSmith, Kristin. "Activist Social Workers in Neoliberal Times: Who are We Becoming Now?" Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/29875.
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