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1
LIU, Nan, and ChongLin YANG. "WDR91-WDR81 complex-dependent endolysosomal trafficking and neural development." SCIENTIA SINICA Vitae 49, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): 798–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/ssv-2019-0100.
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2
Liu, Kai, Youli Jian, Xiaojuan Sun, Chengkui Yang, Zhiyang Gao, Zhili Zhang, Xuezhao Liu, et al. "Negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate levels in early-to-late endosome conversion." Journal of Cell Biology 212, no. 2 (January 18, 2016): 181–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201506081.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) plays a central role in endosome fusion, recycling, sorting, and early-to-late endosome conversion, but the mechanisms that determine how the correct endosomal PtdIns3P level is achieved remain largely elusive. Here we identify two new factors, SORF-1 and SORF-2, as essential PtdIns3P regulators in Caenorhabditis elegans. Loss of sorf-1 or sorf-2 leads to greatly elevated endosomal PtdIns3P, which drives excessive fusion of early endosomes. sorf-1 and sorf-2 function coordinately with Rab switching genes to inhibit synthesis of PtdIns3P, allowing its turnover for endosome conversion. SORF-1 and SORF-2 act in a complex with BEC-1/Beclin1, and their loss causes elevated activity of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) complex. In mammalian cells, inactivation of WDR91 and WDR81, the homologs of SORF-1 and SORF-2, induces Beclin1-dependent enlargement of PtdIns3P-enriched endosomes and defective degradation of epidermal growth factor receptor. WDR91 and WDR81 interact with Beclin1 and inhibit PI3K complex activity. These findings reveal a conserved mechanism that controls appropriate PtdIns3P levels in early-to-late endosome conversion.
3
Brauner, Raja, Joelle Bignon-Topalovic, Anu Bashamboo, and Ken McElreavey. "Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome is characterized by genetic heterogeneity." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): e0242358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242358.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by an absent or ectopic posterior pituitary, interrupted pituitary stalk and anterior pituitary hypoplasia, as well as in some cases, a range of heterogeneous somatic anomalies. A genetic cause is identified in only around 5% of all cases. Here, we define the genetic variants associated with PSIS followed by the same pediatric endocrinologist. Exome sequencing was performed in 52 (33 boys and 19 girls), including 2 familial cases single center pediatric cases, among them associated 36 (69.2%) had associated symptoms or syndromes. We identified rare and novel variants in genes (37 families with 39 individuals) known to be involved in one or more of the following—midline development and/or pituitary development or function (BMP4, CDON, GLI2, GLI3, HESX1, KIAA0556, LHX9, NKX2-1, PROP1, PTCH1, SHH, TBX19, TGIF1), syndromic and non-syndromic forms of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CCDC141, CHD7, FANCA, FANCC, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCG, IL17RD, KISS1R, NSMF, PMM2, SEMA3E, WDR11), syndromic forms of short stature (FGFR3, NBAS, PRMT7, RAF1, SLX4, SMARCA2, SOX11), cerebellum atrophy with optic anomalies (DNMT1, NBAS), axonal migration (ROBO1, SLIT2), and agenesis of the corpus callosum (ARID1B, CC2D2A, CEP120, CSPP1, DHCR7, INPP5E, VPS13B, ZNF423). Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome is characterized by a complex genetic heterogeneity, that reflects a complex phenotypic heterogeneity. Seizures, intellectual disability, micropenis or cryptorchidism, seen at presentation are usually considered as secondary to the pituitary deficiencies. However, this study shows that they are due to specific gene mutations. PSIS should therefore be considered as part of the phenotypic spectrum of other known genetic syndromes rather than as specific clinical entity.
4
Rapiteanu, Radu, Luther J. Davis, James C. Williamson, Richard T. Timms, J. Paul Luzio, and Paul J. Lehner. "A Genetic Screen Identifies a Critical Role for the WDR81‐WDR91 Complex in the Trafficking and Degradation of Tetherin." Traffic 17, no. 8 (May 25, 2016): 940–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tra.12409.
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5
Tang, Dan, Jingwen Sheng, Liangting Xu, Xiechao Zhan, Jiaming Liu, Hui Jiang, Xiaoling Shu, et al. "Cryo-EM structure of C9ORF72–SMCR8–WDR41 reveals the role as a GAP for Rab8a and Rab11a." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 18 (April 17, 2020): 9876–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2002110117.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A massive intronic hexanucleotide repeat (GGGGCC) expansion in C9ORF72 is a genetic origin of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Recently, C9ORF72, together with SMCR8 and WDR41, has been shown to regulate autophagy and function as Rab GEF. However, the precise function of C9ORF72 remains unclear. Here, we report the cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the human C9ORF72–SMCR8–WDR41 complex at a resolution of 3.2 Å. The structure reveals the dimeric assembly of a heterotrimer of C9ORF72–SMCR8–WDR41. Notably, the C-terminal tail of C9ORF72 and the DENN domain of SMCR8 play critical roles in the dimerization of the two protomers of the C9ORF72–SMCR8–WDR41 complex. In the protomer, C9ORF72 and WDR41 are joined by SMCR8 without direct interaction. WDR41 binds to the DENN domain of SMCR8 by the C-terminal helix. Interestingly, the prominent structural feature of C9ORF72–SMCR8 resembles that of the FLNC–FNIP2 complex, the GTPase activating protein (GAP) of RagC/D. Structural comparison and sequence alignment revealed that Arg147 of SMCR8 is conserved and corresponds to the arginine finger of FLCN, and biochemical analysis indicated that the Arg147 of SMCR8 is critical to the stimulatory effect of the C9ORF72–SMCR8 complex on Rab8a and Rab11a. Our study not only illustrates the basis of C9ORF72–SMCR8–WDR41 complex assembly but also reveals the GAP activity of the C9ORF72–SMCR8 complex.
6
Talaia, Gabriel, Joseph Amick, and Shawn M. Ferguson. "Receptor-like role for PQLC2 amino acid transporter in the lysosomal sensing of cationic amino acids." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 8 (February 17, 2021): e2014941118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014941118.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PQLC2, a lysosomal cationic amino acid transporter, also serves as a sensor that responds to scarcity of its substrates by recruiting a protein complex composed of C9orf72, SMCR8, and WDR41 to the surface of lysosomes. This protein complex controls multiple aspects of lysosome function. Although it is known that this response to changes in cationic amino acid availability depends on an interaction between PQLC2 and WDR41, the underlying mechanism for the regulated interaction is not known. In this study, we present evidence that the WDR41–PQLC2 interaction is mediated by a short peptide motif in a flexible loop that extends from the WDR41 β-propeller and inserts into a cavity presented by the inward-facing conformation of PQLC2. The data support a transceptor model wherein conformational changes in PQLC2 related to substrate transport regulate the availability of the WDR41-binding site on PQLC2 and mediate recruitment of the WDR41-SMCR8-C9orf72 complex to the surface of lysosomes.
7
Hölzel, Michael, Michaela Rohrmoser, Martin Schlee, Thomas Grimm, Thomas Harasim, Anastassia Malamoussi, Anita Gruber-Eber, et al. "Mammalian WDR12 is a novel member of the Pes1–Bop1 complex and is required for ribosome biogenesis and cell proliferation." Journal of Cell Biology 170, no. 3 (July 25, 2005): 367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200501141.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Target genes of the protooncogene c-myc are implicated in cell cycle and growth control, yet the linkage of both is still unexplored. Here, we show that the products of the nucleolar target genes Pes1 and Bop1 form a stable complex with a novel member, WDR12 (PeBoW complex). Endogenous WDR12, a WD40 repeat protein, is crucial for processing of the 32S precursor ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and cell proliferation. Further, a conditionally expressed dominant-negative mutant of WDR12 also blocks rRNA processing and induces a reversible cell cycle arrest. Mutant WDR12 triggers accumulation of p53 in a p19ARF-independent manner in proliferating cells but not in quiescent cells. Interestingly, a potential homologous complex of Pes1–Bop1–WDR12 in yeast (Nop7p–Erb1p–Ytm1p) is involved in the control of ribosome biogenesis and S phase entry. In conclusion, the integrity of the PeBoW complex is required for ribosome biogenesis and cell proliferation in mammalian cells.
8
Amick, Joseph, Arun Kumar Tharkeshwar, Catherine Amaya,, and Shawn M. Ferguson. "WDR41 supports lysosomal response to changes in amino acid availability." Molecular Biology of the Cell 29, no. 18 (September 2018): 2213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e17-12-0703.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
C9orf72 mutations are a major cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. The C9orf72 protein undergoes regulated recruitment to lysosomes and has been broadly implicated in control of lysosome homeostasis. However, although evidence strongly supports an important function for C9orf72 at lysosomes, little is known about the lysosome recruitment mechanism. In this study, we identify an essential role for WDR41, a prominent C9orf72 interacting protein, in C9orf72 lysosome recruitment. Analysis of human WDR41 knockout cells revealed that WDR41 is required for localization of the protein complex containing C9orf72 and SMCR8 to lysosomes. Such lysosome localization increases in response to amino acid starvation but is not dependent on either mTORC1 inhibition or autophagy induction. Furthermore, WDR41 itself exhibits a parallel pattern of regulated association with lysosomes. This WDR41-dependent recruitment of C9orf72 to lysosomes is critical for the ability of lysosomes to support mTORC1 signaling as constitutive targeting of C9orf72 to lysosomes relieves the requirement for WDR41 in mTORC1 activation. Collectively, this study reveals an essential role for WDR41 in supporting the regulated binding of C9orf72 to lysosomes and solidifies the requirement for a larger C9orf72 containing protein complex in coordinating lysosomal responses to changes in amino acid availability.
9
Rohrmoser, Michaela, Michael Hölzel, Thomas Grimm, Anastassia Malamoussi, Thomas Harasim, Mathias Orban, Iris Pfisterer, Anita Gruber-Eber, Elisabeth Kremmer, and Dirk Eick. "Interdependence of Pes1, Bop1, and WDR12 Controls Nucleolar Localization and Assembly of the PeBoW Complex Required for Maturation of the 60S Ribosomal Subunit." Molecular and Cellular Biology 27, no. 10 (March 12, 2007): 3682–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00172-07.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT The PeBoW complex is essential for cell proliferation and maturation of the large ribosomal subunit in mammalian cells. Here we examined the role of PeBoW-specific proteins Pes1, Bop1, and WDR12 in complex assembly and stability, nucleolar transport, and preribosome association. Recombinant expression of the three subunits is sufficient for complex formation. The stability of all three subunits strongly increases upon incorporation into the complex. Only overexpression of Bop1 inhibits cell proliferation and rRNA processing, and its negative effects could be rescued by coexpression of WDR12, but not Pes1. Elevated levels of Bop1 induce Bop1/WDR12 and Bop1/Pes1 subcomplexes. Knockdown of Bop1 abolishes the copurification of Pes1 with WDR12, demonstrating Bop1 as the integral component of the complex. Overexpressed Bop1 substitutes for endogenous Bop1 in PeBoW complex assembly, leading to the instability of endogenous Bop1. Finally, indirect immunofluorescence, cell fractionation, and sucrose gradient centrifugation experiments indicate that transport of Bop1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleolus is Pes1 dependent, while Pes1 can migrate to the nucleolus and bind to preribosomal particles independently of Bop1. We conclude that the assembly and integrity of the PeBoW complex are highly sensitive to changes in Bop1 protein levels.
10
Kile, Benjamin T., Athanasia D. Panopoulos, Roslynn A. Stirzaker, Douglas F. Hacking, Lubna H. Tahtamouni, Tracy A. Willson, Lisa A. Mielke, et al. "Mutations in the cofilin partner Aip1/Wdr1 cause autoinflammatory disease and macrothrombocytopenia." Blood 110, no. 7 (October 1, 2007): 2371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-10-055087.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A pivotal mediator of actin dynamics is the protein cofilin, which promotes filament severing and depolymerization, facilitating the breakdown of existing filaments, and the enhancement of filament growth from newly created barbed ends. It does so in concert with actin interacting protein 1 (Aip1), which serves to accelerate cofilin's activity. While progress has been made in understanding its biochemical functions, the physiologic processes the cofilin/Aip1 complex regulates, particularly in higher organisms, are yet to be determined. We have generated an allelic series for WD40 repeat protein 1 (Wdr1), the mammalian homolog of Aip1, and report that reductions in Wdr1 function produce a dramatic phenotype gradient. While severe loss of function at the Wdr1 locus causes embryonic lethality, macrothrombocytopenia and autoinflammatory disease develop in mice carrying hypomorphic alleles. Macrothrombocytopenia is the result of megakaryocyte maturation defects, which lead to a failure of normal platelet shedding. Autoinflammatory disease, which is bone marrow–derived yet nonlymphoid in origin, is characterized by a massive infiltration of neutrophils into inflammatory lesions. Cytoskeletal responses are impaired in Wdr1 mutant neutrophils. These studies establish an essential requirement for Wdr1 in megakaryocytes and neutrophils, indicating that cofilin-mediated actin dynamics are critically important to the development and function of both cell types.
11
Tang, Dan, Jingwen Sheng, Liangting Xu, Chuangye Yan, and Shiqian Qi. "The C9orf72-SMCR8-WDR41 complex is a GAP for small GTPases." Autophagy 16, no. 8 (June 17, 2020): 1542–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2020.1779473.
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12
McAlpine, William, Lei Sun, Kuan-wen Wang, Aijie Liu, Ruchi Jain, Miguel San Miguel, Jianhui Wang, et al. "Excessive endosomal TLR signaling causes inflammatory disease in mice with defective SMCR8-WDR41-C9ORF72 complex function." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 49 (November 15, 2018): E11523—E11531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1814753115.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The SMCR8-WDR41-C9ORF72 complex is a regulator of autophagy and lysosomal function. Autoimmunity and inflammatory disease have been ascribed to loss-of-function mutations of Smcr8 or C9orf72 in mice. In humans, autoimmunity has been reported to precede amyotrophic lateral sclerosis caused by mutations of C9ORF72. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying autoimmunity and inflammation caused by C9ORF72 or SMCR8 deficiencies remain unknown. Here, we show that splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and activated circulating T cells observed in Smcr8−/− mice were rescued by triple knockout of the endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9. Myeloid cells from Smcr8−/− mice produced excessive inflammatory cytokines in response to endocytosed TLR3, TLR7, or TLR9 ligands administered in the growth medium and in response to TLR2 or TLR4 ligands internalized by phagocytosis. These defects likely stem from prolonged TLR signaling caused by accumulation of LysoTracker-positive vesicles and by delayed phagosome maturation, both of which were observed in Smcr8−/− macrophages. Smcr8−/− mice also showed elevated susceptibility to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis, which was not associated with increased TLR3, TLR7, or TLR9 signaling. Deficiency of WDR41 phenocopied loss of SMCR8. Our findings provide evidence that excessive endosomal TLR signaling resulting from prolonged ligand–receptor contact causes inflammatory disease in SMCR8-deficient mice.
13
Castle, Christopher D., Erica K. Cassimere, and Catherine Denicourt. "LAS1L interacts with the mammalian Rix1 complex to regulate ribosome biogenesis." Molecular Biology of the Cell 23, no. 4 (February 15, 2012): 716–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e11-06-0530.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The coordination of RNA polymerase I transcription with pre-rRNA processing, preribosomal particle assembly, and nuclear export is a finely tuned process requiring the concerted actions of a number of accessory factors. However, the exact functions of some of these proteins and how they assemble in subcomplexes remain poorly defined. LAS1L was first described as a nucleolar protein required for maturation of the 60S preribosomal subunit. In this paper, we demonstrate that LAS1L interacts with PELP1, TEX10, and WDR18, the mammalian homologues of the budding yeast Rix1 complex, along with NOL9 and SENP3, to form a novel nucleolar complex that cofractionates with the 60S preribosomal subunit. Depletion of LAS1L-associated proteins results in a p53-dependent G1 arrest and leads to defects in processing of the pre-rRNA internal transcribed spacer 2 region. We further show that the nucleolar localization of this complex requires active RNA polymerase I transcription and the small ubiquitin-like modifier–specific protease SENP3. Taken together, our data identify a novel mammalian complex required for 60S ribosomal subunit synthesis, providing further insight into the intricate, yet poorly described, process of ribosome biogenesis in higher eukaryotes.
14
Fanis, Pavlos, Nynke Gillemans, Ali Aghajanirefah, Farzin Pourfarzad, Jeroen Demmers, Fatemehsadat Esteghamat, Ratna K. Vadlamudi, Frank Grosveld, Sjaak Philipsen, and Thamar B. van Dijk. "Five Friends of Methylated Chromatin Target of Protein-Arginine-Methyltransferase[Prmt]-1 (Chtop), a Complex Linking Arginine Methylation to Desumoylation." Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 11, no. 11 (August 7, 2012): 1263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/mcp.m112.017194.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chromatin target of Prmt1 (Chtop) is a vertebrate-specific chromatin-bound protein that plays an important role in transcriptional regulation. As its mechanism of action remains unclear, we identified Chtop-interacting proteins using a biotinylation-proteomics approach. Here we describe the identification and initial characterization of Five Friends of Methylated Chtop (5FMC). 5FMC is a nuclear complex that can only be recruited by Chtop when the latter is arginine-methylated by Prmt1. It consists of the co-activator Pelp1, the Sumo-specific protease Senp3, Wdr18, Tex10, and Las1L. Pelp1 functions as the core of 5FMC, as the other components become unstable in the absence of Pelp1. We show that recruitment of 5FMC to Zbp-89, a zinc-finger transcription factor, affects its sumoylation status and transactivation potential. Collectively, our data provide a mechanistic link between arginine methylation and (de)sumoylation in the control of transcriptional activity.
15
Yang, Mei, Chen Liang, Kunchithapadam Swaminathan, Stephanie Herrlinger, Fan Lai, Ramin Shiekhattar, and Jian-Fu Chen. "A C9ORF72/SMCR8-containing complex regulates ULK1 and plays a dual role in autophagy." Science Advances 2, no. 9 (September 2016): e1601167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601167.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The intronic GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansion in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72) is a prevalent genetic abnormality identified in both frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Smith-Magenis syndrome chromosomal region candidate gene 8 (SMCR8) is a protein with unclear functions. We report that C9ORF72 is a component of a multiprotein complex containing SMCR8, WDR41, and ATG101 (an important regulator of autophagy). The C9ORF72 complex displays guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activity and acts as a guanosine diphosphate–guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GDP-GTP) exchange factor (GEF) for RAB39B. We created Smcr8 knockout mice and found that Smcr8 mutant cells exhibit impaired autophagy induction, which is similarly observed in C9orf72 knockdown cells. Mechanistically, SMCR8/C9ORF72 interacts with the key autophagy initiation ULK1 complex and regulates expression and activity of ULK1. The complex has an additional role in regulating later stages of autophagy. Whereas autophagic flux is enhanced in C9orf72 knockdown cells, depletion of Smcr8 results in a reduced flux with an abnormal expression of lysosomal enzymes. Thus, C9ORF72 and SMCR8 have similar functions in modulating autophagy induction by regulating ULK1 and play distinct roles in regulating autophagic flux.
16
Eveillard, Marion, Myriam Chevalier, Thomas Besnard, Benjamin Cogne, Alice Kuster, Stephane Bezieau, Marie C. Bene, and Claire Beneteau. "Polymorphonuclears Display a New Type of Abnormal Cytologic Granules (Chediak Higashi-Like) in a Very Rare Syndrome Linked to a Biallelic Defect of WDR81." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 1331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.1331.1331.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract A twelve years-old girl was admitted at the pediatric emergency unit for a severe pleuro-pneumopathy. She had a long history of recurrent infections in a complex neurological context. Since birth, she had suffered from an epileptic encephalopathy with West syndrome, severe microcephaly and spastic tetraplegia. Her neurological development was extremely impaired: she was not able to neither hold her head nor develop any voluntary hand use. Moreover, she had a precocious puberty and a progressive worsening of her neurological status. She is bedridden, has very poor visual contact and does not speak. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination has evidenced a severe microcephaly, without gyral anomalies, cerebral atrophy predominating in the frontal lobes, hypoplasia of the corpus callosum and dysmyelination. Her older sister and parents are healthy and there is no history of consanguinity in the family. During the infection mentioned above, the only anomaly at complete blood count (CBC) was an excess of monocytes. Yet, and although the CBC instrument had not indicated any alarm for neutrophils, abnormal granules were observed microscopically in polymorphonuclears on the blood smear (fig. 1). The coarse and purplish granules were toluidine-negative, myeloperoxidase-positive and only present in the polymorphonuclear lineage. The large vacuoles in these cells, also seen in monocytes, are related to the infectious condition of the patient in this context of pleuro-pneumopathy. There was no anomaly of the lymphocytes, and specifically no image recalling storage disease. Although previous CBC had not led to the identification of these granules, they were systematically investigated for, at high magnification, afterwards, always observed but seemed to increase during each infectious episode. Their appearance suggests a coalescence of smaller granules during infection. A bone marrow aspiration was performed as the patient underwent surgery for severe scoliosis, at distance from any infectious episode. Abnormal granules were present at all stages of neutrophil maturation (fig. 2). Nobody in the family presents these abnormal granules. Yet, investigations were performed in search of a congenital syndrome or storage disease: metabolic balance, amino acids chromatography in blood and urine, functional analyses of polymorphonuclears, karyotype, CGH array. No anomaly was disclosed. A skin biopsy looking for inclusions allowed to exclude lipofuscinose. Several other investigations were performed which excluded a lysosomal storage disease. A whole exome analysis was then decided for the child, parents and sister after obtaining informed consent from the parents. This allowed to discover mutations on both alleles ofthe WDR81 gene in the propositus: a deletion leading to a frame shift in exon 3 and a substitution generating a missense in exon 9 (c.3820_3835del p.Pro1274Thrfs*56 and c.5453G>T p.Gly1818Val respectively). The c.3820_3835del deletion was inherited by the father and the c.5453G>T mutation was inherited by the mother. The mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing and segregated with the expected pattern of autosomal-recessive inheritance in all available family members. This gene has previously been shown to be associated with cerebral ataxia, intellectual disability and quadrupedal locomotion in patients with homozygous mutations in consanguineous families. Moreover, a murine model with mutation of this gene showed tremor and ataxic gait. Expression of WDR81 was found in neuron of central nervous system included Purkinje cells, photoreceptor cells. All these aspects are consistent with the clinical features of the patient, the severity of her disease being possibly related to the fact that both alleles of the WDR81 gene carry a different mutation. This also suggests that the double genetic defect observed in the WDR81 in this child is responsible for the peculiar granules appearing early during myeloid maturation. Interestingly, the WDR81 gene contains a BEACH domain on its N terminal portion. This domain was described in the BEIGE protein and the highly homologous CHS protein which are involved in Chediak-Higashi syndromes. Although the patient has none of the phenotypic nor immune characteristics of a Chediak-Higashi syndrome, it is highly likely that involvement of the WDR81 gene is responsible for the formation of such pseudo Chediak abnormal granules. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Nörpel, Julia, Simone Cavadini, Andreas D. Schenk, Alexandra Graff-Meyer, Daniel Hess, Jan Seebacher, Jeffrey A. Chao, and Varun Bhaskar. "Structure of the human C9orf72-SMCR8 complex reveals a multivalent protein interaction architecture." PLOS Biology 19, no. 7 (July 23, 2021): e3001344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001344.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A major cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) spectrum disorder is the hexanucleotide G4C2 repeat expansion in the first intron of the C9orf72 gene. Many underlying mechanisms lead to manifestation of disease that include toxic gain-of-function by repeat G4C2 RNAs, dipeptide repeat proteins, and a reduction of the C9orf72 gene product. The C9orf72 protein interacts with SMCR8 and WDR41 to form a trimeric complex and regulates multiple cellular pathways including autophagy. Here, we report the structure of the C9orf72-SMCR8 complex at 3.8 Å resolution using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The structure reveals 2 distinct dimerization interfaces between C9orf72 and SMCR8 that involves an extensive network of interactions. Homology between C9orf72-SMCR8 and Folliculin-Folliculin Interacting Protein 2 (FLCN-FNIP2), a GTPase activating protein (GAP) complex, enabled identification of a key residue within the active site of SMCR8. Further structural analysis suggested that a coiled-coil region within the uDenn domain of SMCR8 could act as an interaction platform for other coiled-coil proteins, and its deletion reduced the interaction of the C9orf72-SMCR8 complex with FIP200 upon starvation. In summary, this study contributes toward our understanding of the biological function of the C9orf72-SMCR8 complex.
18
Moilanen, Anne-Mari, Jaana Rysä, Leena Kaikkonen, Teemu Karvonen, Erja Mustonen, Raisa Serpi, Zoltán Szabó, et al. "WDR12, a Member of Nucleolar PeBoW-Complex, Is Up-Regulated in Failing Hearts and Causes Deterioration of Cardiac Function." PLOS ONE 10, no. 4 (April 27, 2015): e0124907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124907.
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Efimenko, Evgeni, Oliver E. Blacque, Guangshuo Ou, Courtney J. Haycraft, Bradley K. Yoder, Jonathan M. Scholey, Michel R. Leroux, and Peter Swoboda. "Caenorhabditis elegans DYF-2, an Orthologue of Human WDR19, Is a Component of the Intraflagellar Transport Machinery in Sensory Cilia." Molecular Biology of the Cell 17, no. 11 (November 2006): 4801–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e06-04-0260.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery required to build functional cilia consists of a multisubunit complex whose molecular composition, organization, and function are poorly understood. Here, we describe a novel tryptophan-aspartic acid (WD) repeat (WDR) containing IFT protein from Caenorhabditis elegans, DYF-2, that plays a critical role in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the IFT machinery. We determined the identity of the dyf-2 gene by transgenic rescue of mutant phenotypes and by sequencing of mutant alleles. Loss of DYF-2 function selectively affects the assembly and motility of different IFT components and leads to defects in cilia structure and chemosensation in the nematode. Based on these observations, and the analysis of DYF-2 movement in a Bardet–Biedl syndrome mutant with partially disrupted IFT particles, we conclude that DYF-2 can associate with IFT particle complex B. At the same time, mutations in dyf-2 can interfere with the function of complex A components, suggesting an important role of this protein in the assembly of the IFT particle as a whole. Importantly, the mouse orthologue of DYF-2, WDR19, also localizes to cilia, pointing to an important evolutionarily conserved role for this WDR protein in cilia development and function.
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Ishida, Yamato, Takuya Kobayashi, Shuhei Chiba, Yohei Katoh, and Kazuhisa Nakayama. "Molecular basis of ciliary defects caused by compound heterozygous IFT144/WDR19 mutations found in cranioectodermal dysplasia." Human Molecular Genetics 30, no. 3-4 (January 30, 2021): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddab034.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Primary cilia contain specific proteins to achieve their functions as cellular antennae. Ciliary protein trafficking is mediated by the intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery containing the IFT-A and IFT-B complexes. Mutations in genes encoding the IFT-A subunits (IFT43, IFT121/WDR35, IFT122, IFT139/TTC21B, IFT140 and IFT144/WDR19) often result in skeletal ciliopathies, including cranioectodermal dysplasia (CED). We here characterized the molecular and cellular defects of CED caused by compound heterozygous mutations in IFT144 [the missense variant IFT144(L710S) and the nonsense variant IFT144(R1103*)]. These two variants were distinct with regard to their interactions with other IFT-A subunits and with the IFT-B complex. When exogenously expressed in IFT144-knockout (KO) cells, IFT144(L710S) as well as IFT144(WT) rescued both moderately compromised ciliogenesis and the abnormal localization of ciliary proteins. As the homozygous IFT144(L710S) mutation was found to cause autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa, IFT144(L710S) is likely to be hypomorphic at the cellular level. In striking contrast, the exogenous expression of IFT144(R1103*) in IFT144-KO cells exacerbated the ciliogenesis defects. The expression of IFT144(R1103*) together with IFT144(WT) restored the abnormal phenotypes of IFT144-KO cells. However, the coexpression of IFT144(R1103*) with the hypomorphic IFT144(L710S) variant in IFT144-KO cells, which mimics the genotype of compound heterozygous CED patients, resulted in severe ciliogenesis defects. Taken together, these observations demonstrate that compound heterozygous mutations in IFT144 cause severe ciliary defects via a complicated mechanism, where one allele can cause severe ciliary defects when combined with a hypomorphic allele.
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Dasgupta, Swapan, Anhquyen Le, Sandra Haudek, Mark Entman, and Perumal Thiagarajan. "Cofilin-1 – Induced Actin Reorganization and Phosphatidylserine Exposure in Platelets." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 4153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.4153.4153.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background: Platelet activation leads to the transbilayer movement of phosphatidylserine (PS) from inner to the outer leaflet of membrane bilayer. Exteriorization of PS promotes platelet procoagulant activity by promoting the assembly of tenase and the prothrombinase complex on platelet membrane. In a previous study, we observed that Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase-1 (ROCK1) deficiency in murine platelets or ROCK inhibition by Y-27632 in human platelets resulted in increase in PS exposure and platelet procoagulant activity. ROCK1 deficient platelets had a marked decrease in phosphorylation of cofilin-1. Cofilin-1 decreases actin filament length by increasing the rate of dissociation of actin monomers and its activity is abolished by phosphorylation. These studies suggested a role for cofilin-1-induced actin reorganization in collagen-induced PS exposure. Cofilin-1 activity is also modulated by its interactions with phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and a cofilin-1 binding protein, Wdr1, which enhances capacity of cofilin-1 to accelerate depolymerization by capping their barbed ends. Here, we studied the role of cofilin-1 phosphorylation and its interaction with PIP2 and Wdr1 in activation induced PS exposure in platelets. Materials and Methods: We isolated platelet membrane, cytosol and cytoskeleton through differential centrifugation from resting and collagen-stimulated platelets and assessed the relative abundance of cofilin-1 and phosphocofilin-1 by mobility shift in phosphate-affinity polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This method allows simultaneous detection of relative proportions of phosphoproteins and its nonphospho counterparts. For cofilin-1 and Wdr-1 distribution, platelets were immobilized on a polylysine-coated cover slip or on a collagen-coated cover slip, fixed, permeabilized and immunostained with appropriate antibody. In addition, PS exposure (FITC lactadherin binding), F-actin (Alexa Fluor 488-phalloidin) and calcium concentration (Fura-2AM fluorescence) were also measured. Results: Immunofluorescence images show that in resting platelets, cofilin-1 is present in distinct patches in the plasma membrane and following activation with collagen, cofilin-1 is redistributed in a discrete granular pattern throughout the cytoplasm. In parallel, we also studied the relative distribution and the phosphorylation status of cofilin-1 in various subcellular fractions of platelets. In resting platelets, cofilin-1 is present in the plasma membrane and in the cytosol but absent in the cytoskeleton. Following activation with collagen, cofilin-1 moves to the cytoskeleton with a concomitant decrease in the plasma membrane fraction. These results suggest that active cofilin-1 is incorporated into reorganizing actin cytoskeleton during platelet activation. In ROCK1-deficient mice, there is increased cofilin-1 in cytoskeletal fraction, which also correlates with increase in PS exposure. Blocking PIP2 hydrolysis by U73122 prevents cofilin-1 translocation and PS exposure. A cell permeable cofilin-1 peptide containing the actin binding site of cofilin-1 (amino acids Trp104 to Met115) at the carboxy terminus (that competitively inhibits cofilin-1 binding to F-actin), blocks cofilin-1 translocation and decreases PS exposure. Platelets from a Wdr1-deficient mice which express less than 2% of wild-type protein in platelets, showed impaired collagen-induced PS exposure despite equivalent increase in intra platelet calcium compared to wild-type platelets. Conclusion: Our results show cofilin-1 trafficking from membranre to cytoskeleton and subsequent actin reorganization precedes PS exposure during platelet activation. In ROCK1-deficient platelets, there is increased cofilin-1 activity due to decreased serine-3 phosphorylation and it is associated with increased cofilin-1 translocation to actin filaments and enhanced PS exposure. In contrast, inhibiting cofilin-1 translocation, either by inhibiting PIP2 hydrolysis or by competitive inhibition by a cell permeable peptide, prevents cofilin-1 trafficking and decreases PS exposure. Furthermore, in Wdr1-deficient mouse platelets, which have diminished cofilin-1 activity, have impaired PS exposure during platelet activation. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Leray, Xavier, Rossella Conti, Yan Li, Cécile Debacker, Florence Castelli, François Fenaille, Anselm A. Zdebik, Michael Pusch, and Bruno Gasnier. "Arginine-selective modulation of the lysosomal transporter PQLC2 through a gate-tuning mechanism." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 32 (August 3, 2021): e2025315118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2025315118.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lysosomes degrade excess or damaged cellular components and recycle their building blocks through membrane transporters. They also act as nutrient-sensing signaling hubs to coordinate cell responses. The membrane protein PQ-loop repeat-containing protein 2 (PQLC2; “picklock two”) is implicated in both functions, as it exports cationic amino acids from lysosomes and serves as a receptor and amino acid sensor to recruit the C9orf72/SMCR8/WDR41 complex to lysosomes upon nutrient starvation. Its transport activity is essential for drug treatment of the rare disease cystinosis. Here, we quantitatively studied PQLC2 transport activity using electrophysiological and biochemical methods. Charge/substrate ratio, intracellular pH, and reversal potential measurements showed that it operates in a uniporter mode. Thus, PQLC2 is uncoupled from the steep lysosomal proton gradient, unlike many lysosomal transporters, enabling bidirectional cationic amino acid transport across the organelle membrane. Surprisingly, the specific presence of arginine, but not other substrates (lysine, histidine), in the discharge (“trans”) compartment impaired PQLC2 transport. Kinetic modeling of the uniport cycle recapitulated the paradoxical substrate-yet-inhibitor behavior of arginine, assuming that bound arginine facilitates closing of the transporter’s cytosolic gate. Arginine binding may thus tune PQLC2 gating to control its conformation, suggesting a potential mechanism for nutrient signaling by PQLC2 to its interaction partners.
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Capra, Anna Paola, Maria Angela La Rosa, Sara Briguori, Rosa Civa, Chiara Passarelli, Emanuele Agolini, Antonio Novelli, and Silvana Briuglia. "Coexistence of Genetic Diseases Is a New Clinical Challenge: Three Unrelated Cases of Dual Diagnosis." Genes 14, no. 2 (February 14, 2023): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14020484.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Technological advancements in molecular genetics and cytogenetics have led to the diagnostic definition of complex or atypical clinical pictures. In this paper, a genetic analysis identifies multimorbidities, one due to either a copy number variant or a chromosome aneuploidy, and a second due to biallelic sequence variants in a gene associated with an autosomal recessive disorder. We diagnosed the simultaneous presence of these conditions, which co-occurred by chance, in three unrelated patients: a 10q11.22q11.23 microduplication and a homozygous variant, c.3470A>G (p.Tyr1157Cys), in the WDR19 gene associated with autosomal recessive ciliopathy; down syndrome and two variants, c.850G>A; p.(Gly284Arg) and c.5374G>T; p.(Glu1792*), in the LAMA2 gene associated with merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (MDC1A); and a de novo 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome and homozygous variant, c.2828G>A (p.Arg943Gln), in the ABCA4 gene associated with Stargardt disease 1 (STGD1). The possibility of being affected by two relatively common or rare inherited genetic conditions would be suspected when signs and symptoms are incoherent with the primary diagnosis. All this could have important implications for improving genetic counseling, determining the correct prognosis, and, consequently, organizing the best long-term follow-up.
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Peng, X., and S. M. Mount. "Genetic enhancement of RNA-processing defects by a dominant mutation in B52, the Drosophila gene for an SR protein splicing factor." Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, no. 11 (November 1995): 6273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.15.11.6273.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SR proteins are essential for pre-mRNA splicing in vitro, act early in the splicing pathway, and can influence alternative splice site choice. Here we describe the isolation of both dominant and loss-of-function alleles of B52, the gene for a Drosophila SR protein. The allele B52ED was identified as a dominant second-site enhancer of white-apricot (wa), a retrotransposon insertion in the second intron of the eye pigmentation gene white with a complex RNA-processing defect. B52ED also exaggerates the mutant phenotype of a distinct white allele carrying a 5' splice site mutation (wDR18), and alters the pattern of sex-specific splicing at doublesex under sensitized conditions, so that the male-specific splice is favored. In addition to being a dominant enhancer of these RNA-processing defects, B52ED is a recessive lethal allele that fails to complement other lethal alleles of B52. Comparison of B52ED with the B52+ allele from which it was derived revealed a single change in a conserved amino acid in the beta 4 strand of the first RNA-binding domain of B52, which suggests that altered RNA binding is responsible for the dominant phenotype. Reversion of the B52ED dominant allele with X rays led to the isolation of a B52 null allele. Together, these results indicate a critical role for the SR protein B52 in pre-mRNA splicing in vivo.
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Nworah, Chinenye, and Bashir Sule. "INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN EXPRESSED CANCER RELATED GENES AND SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 5, no. 2 (July 7, 2021): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0502-553.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cancer stem cells are regulated by complex interactions with the components of the tumor microenvironment through networks of Cytokins and growth factors. These interactions are mediated by group of proteins and microRNAs (miRs), which are expressed or repressed. These expression levels are critical for cancer stem cell formation and expansion, enabling the promotion of tumor cell proliferation and migration, as well as for the survival of cancer recurrence and patient survival. Micro array and RNA deep sequencing (RNA-seq) provide tools with ability to generate transcriptome information, deciphering global gene expression patterns and quantifying a large dynamic range of expression levels. In this study 94 breast cancer patients were investigated based on miR and mRNA expression levels in which WDR1, APC and AKAP13 genes were identified as genes that play important role in the survival of patients and these genes differed significantly with respect to survival of patients. We used the Pearson correlation to identify the over-expressed and under-expressed genes. We demonstrated that parametric survival models can be used to model outcomes for breast cancer, and for our dataset the log-normal model demonstrated the best fit compared to other parametric models. Through the use of log-normal model, we examined how each of the identified genes influence the survival of breast cancer patients.
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Kim, Man Lyang, Jae Jin Chae, Yong Hwan Park, Dominic De Nardo, Roslynn A. Stirzaker, Hyun-Ja Ko, Hazel Tye та ін. "Aberrant actin depolymerization triggers the pyrin inflammasome and autoinflammatory disease that is dependent on IL-18, not IL-1β". Journal of Experimental Medicine 212, № 6 (25 травня 2015): 927–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20142384.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Gain-of-function mutations that activate the innate immune system can cause systemic autoinflammatory diseases associated with increased IL-1β production. This cytokine is activated identically to IL-18 by an intracellular protein complex known as the inflammasome; however, IL-18 has not yet been specifically implicated in the pathogenesis of hereditary autoinflammatory disorders. We have now identified an autoinflammatory disease in mice driven by IL-18, but not IL-1β, resulting from an inactivating mutation of the actin-depolymerizing cofactor Wdr1. This perturbation of actin polymerization leads to systemic autoinflammation that is reduced when IL-18 is deleted but not when IL-1 signaling is removed. Remarkably, inflammasome activation in mature macrophages is unaltered, but IL-18 production from monocytes is greatly exaggerated, and depletion of monocytes in vivo prevents the disease. Small-molecule inhibition of actin polymerization can remove potential danger signals from the system and prevents monocyte IL-18 production. Finally, we show that the inflammasome sensor of actin dynamics in this system requires caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain, and the innate immune receptor pyrin. Previously, perturbation of actin polymerization by pathogens was shown to activate the pyrin inflammasome, so our data now extend this guard hypothesis to host-regulated actin-dependent processes and autoinflammatory disease.
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Berning, Daniel, Hannah Adams, Heidi Luc, and Joshua B. Gross. "In-Frame Indel Mutations in the Genome of the Blind Mexican Cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus." Genome Biology and Evolution 11, no. 9 (August 19, 2019): 2563–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz180.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractOrganisms living in the subterranean biome evolve extreme characteristics including vision loss and sensory expansion. Despite prior work linking certain genes to Mendelian traits, the genetic basis for complex cave-associated traits remains unknown. Moreover, it is unclear if certain forms of genetic variation (e.g., indels, copy number variants) are more common in regressive evolution. Progress in this area has been limited by a lack of suitable natural model systems and genomic resources. In recent years, the Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, has advanced as a model for cave biology and regressive evolution. Here, we present the results of a genome-wide screen for in-frame indels using alignments of RNA-sequencing reads to the draft cavefish genome. Mutations were discovered in three genes associated with blood physiology (mlf1, plg, and wdr1), two genes associated with growth factor signaling (ghrb, rnf126), one gene linked to collagen defects (mia3), and one gene which may have a global epigenetic impact on gene expression (mki67). With one exception, polymorphisms were shared between Pachón and Tinaja cavefish lineages, and different from the surface-dwelling lineage. We confirmed the presence of mutations using direct Sanger sequencing and discovered remarkably similar developmental expression in both morphs despite substantial coding sequence alterations. Further, three mutated genes mapped near previously established quantitative trait loci associated with jaw size, condition factor, lens size, and neuromast variation. This work reveals previously unappreciated traits evolving in this species under environmental pressures (e.g., blood physiology) and provides insight to genetic changes underlying convergence of organisms evolving in complete darkness.
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Cortellino, Salvatore, Chengbing Wang, Baolin Wang, Maria Rosaria Bassi, Elena Caretti, Delphine Champeval, Amelie Calmont, et al. "Defective ciliogenesis, embryonic lethality and severe impairment of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway caused by inactivation of the mouse complex A intraflagellar transport gene Ift122/Wdr10, partially overlapping with the DNA repair gene Med1/Mbd4." Developmental Biology 325, no. 1 (January 2009): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.10.020.
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SAHA, Nirmalya, James Ropa, Lili Chen, Hsiang-Yu Hu, Maria Mysliwski, Ann Friedman, Ivan Maillard, and Andrew G. Muntean. "The PAF1c Subunit Cdc73 Is Essential for Hematopoiesis and Displays Differential Gene Regulation in MLL-AF9 Driven Leukemia." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-118703.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The Polymerase Associated Factor 1 complex (PAF1c) functions at the interface of epigenetics and gene transcription. The PAF1c is a multi-protein complex composed of Paf1, Cdc73, Leo1, Ctr9, Rtf1 and WDR61, which have all been shown to play a role in disease progression and different types of cancer. Previous reports demonstrated that the PAF1c is required for MLL-fusion driven acute myeloid leukemia. This is due, in part, to a direct interaction between the PAF1c and wild type MLL or MLL fusion proteins. Importantly, targeted disruption of the PAF1c-MLL interaction impairs the growth of MLL-fusion leukemic cells but is tolerated by normal hematopoietic stem cells. These data point to differential functions for the PAF1c in normal and malignant hematopoietic cells that may be exploited for therapeutic purposes. However, a detailed exploration of the PAF1c in normal hematopoiesis is currently lacking. Here, we utilize a mouse genetic model to interrogate the role of the PAF1c subunit, Cdc73, in the development and sustenance of normal hematopoiesis. Using hematopoietic-specific constitutive and conditional drivers to express Cre recombinase, we efficiently excise floxed alleles of Cdc73 in hematopoietic cells. VavCre mediated excision of Cdc73 results in embryonic lethality due to hematopoietic failure. Characterization of the hematopoietic system demonstrated that cKit+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) are depleted due to Cdc73 knockout. We next investigated the role of Cdc73 in adult hematopoiesis using Mx1Cre mediated excision. Conditional knockout of Cdc73 in the adult hematopoietic system leads to lethality within 15 days of Cdc73 excision while no phenotype was observed in heterozygous Cdc73fl/wt controls. Pathological examination of bones in these mice showed extensive bone marrow failure. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that cKit+ HSPCs in adult mice are ablated following loss of Cdc73. Bone marrow transplantation assays demonstrated a cell autonomous requirement of Cdc73 for HSC function in vivo. To perform cellular characterization of HSPCs upon Cdc73 KO, we optimized excision conditions to capture cKit+ HSPCs with excised Cdc73 but before their exhaustion. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that Cdc73 KO leads to a cell cycle defect. Cdc73 excision leads to a 2.5 fold increase in the accumulation of HSPCs in the G0 phase of cell cycle with a reduction in the proliferative phases. This is accompanied with an increase in cellular death as indicated by Annexin V staining. Together, these data indicate that Cdc73 is required for cell cycle progression and HSPC survival. To understand the molecular function of Cdc73, we performed RNAseq analysis to identify genes regulated by Cdc73 in HSPCs. We observed 390 genes are upregulated and 433 genes are downregulated upon loss of Cdc73. Specifically, Cdc73 excision results in upregulation of cell cycle inhibitor genes such as p21 and p57, consistent with the cell cycle defect observed following Cdc73 excision. Further, when comparing our results to leukemic cells, we uncovered key differences in Cdc73 gene program regulation between ckit+ hematopoietic cells and MLL-AF9 AML cells. Loss of Cdc73 in leukemic cells leads to downregulation of genes associated with early hematopoietic progenitors and upregulation of myeloid differentiation genes consistent with previous studies. Interestingly, we observed a more even distribution of expression changes (non-directional) within these gene programs following Cdc73 inactivation in HSPCs. Most importantly, while loss of Cdc73 in MLL-AF9 AML cells leads to a profound downregulation of the Hoxa9/Meis1 gene program, excision of Cdc73 in HSPCs results in a modest non-directional change in expression of the Hoxa9/Meis1 gene program. This was attributed to no change in Hoxa9 and Meis1 expression in HSPCs following excision of Cdc73, in contrast to MLL-AF9 cells where these pro leukemic targets are significantly downregulated. Together, these data indicate an essential role for the PAF1c subunit Cdc73 in normal hematopoiesis but differential roles and context specific functions in normal and malignant hematopoiesis, which may be of therapeutic value for patients with AMLs expressing Hoxa9/Meis1 gene programs. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Castro, Sebastián, Franco G. Brunello, Gabriela Sansó, Paula Scaglia, María Esnaola Azcoiti, Agustín Izquierdo, Florencia Villegas, et al. "Delayed Puberty Due to a WDR11 Truncation at Its N-Terminal Domain Leading to a Mild Form of Ciliopathy Presenting With Dissociated Central Hypogonadism: Case Report." Frontiers in Pediatrics 10 (June 3, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.887658.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pubertal delay in males is frequently due to constitutional delay of growth and puberty, but pathologic hypogonadism should be considered. After general illnesses and primary testicular failure are ruled out, the main differential diagnosis is central (or hypogonadotropic) hypogonadism, resulting from a defective function of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)/gonadotropin axis. Ciliopathies arising from defects in non-motile cilia are responsible for developmental disorders affecting the sense organs and the reproductive system. WDR11-mediated signaling in non-motile cilia is critical for fetal development of GnRH neurons. Only missense variants of WDR11 have been reported to date in patients with central hypogonadism, suggesting that nonsense variants could lead to more complex phenotypes. We report the case of a male patient presenting with delayed puberty due to Kallmann syndrome (central hypogonadism associated with hyposmia) in whom the next-generation sequencing analysis identified a novel heterozygous base duplication, leading to a frameshift and a stop codon in the N-terminal region of WDR11. The variant was predicted to undergo nonsense-mediated decay and classified as probably pathogenic following the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) criteria. This is the first report of a variant in the WDR11 N-terminal region predicted to lead to complete expression loss that, contrary to expectations, led to a mild form of ciliopathy resulting in isolated Kallmann syndrome.
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Navarro Negredo, Paloma, James R. Edgar, Paul T. Manna, Robin Antrobus, and Margaret S. Robinson. "The WDR11 complex facilitates the tethering of AP-1-derived vesicles." Nature Communications 9, no. 1 (February 9, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-02919-4.
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Fabbri-Scallet, Helena, Ralf Werner, Mara S. Guaragna, Juliana G. R. de Andrade, Andrea T. Maciel-Guerra, Nadine C. Hornig, Olaf Hiort, Gil Guerra-Júnior, and Maricilda P. de Mello. "Can Non-Coding <b><i>NR5A1</i></b> Gene Variants Explain Phenotypes of Disorders of Sex Development?" Sexual Development, June 28, 2022, 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000524956.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> NR5A1 is an essential transcription factor that regulates several target genes involved in reproduction and endocrine function. Pathogenic variants in this gene are responsible for a wide spectrum of disorders/differences of sex development (DSD). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The molecular study involved Sanger sequencing, in vitro assays, and whole exome sequencing (WES). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Four variants were identified within the <i>NR5A1</i> non-coding region in 3 patients with 46,XY DSD. In vitro analyses showed that promoter activity was affected in all cases. WES revealed variants in <i>SRA1</i>, <i>WWOX</i>, and <i>WDR11</i> genes. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Evaluation of clinical and phenotypic significance of variants located in a non-coding region of a gene can be complex, and little is known regarding their association with DSD. Nevertheless, based on the important region for interaction with cofactors essential to promote appropriated sex development and on our in vitro results, it is feasible to say that an impact on gene expression can be expected and that this may be correlated with the DSD pathophysiology presented in our patients. Considering the number of cases that remain elusive after screening for the well-known DSD related genes, we emphasize the importance of a careful molecular analysis of <i>NR5A1</i> non-coding region which is commonly neglected and might explain some idiopathic DSD cases.
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Mi, Lanjuan, Qinghui Qi, Haowen Ran, Lishu Chen, Da Li, Dake Xiao, Jiaqi Wu, et al. "Suppression of Ribosome Biogenesis by Targeting WD Repeat Domain 12 (WDR12) Inhibits Glioma Stem-Like Cell Growth." Frontiers in Oncology 11 (November 12, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.751792.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) are a subset of tumor cells that initiate malignant growth and promote the therapeutic resistance of glioblastoma, the most lethal primary brain tumor. Ribosome biogenesis is an essential cellular process to maintain cell growth, but its regulatory mechanism in GSCs remains largely unknown. Here, we show that WD repeat domain 12 (WDR12), a component of the Pes1-Bop1 complex (PeBoW), is required for ribosome biogenesis in GSCs. WDR12 is preferentially expressed in GSCs compared to non-stem tumor cells and normal brain cells. High levels of WDR12 are associated with glioblastoma progression and poor prognosis. Silencing WDR12 results in the degradation of PeBoW complex components and prevents the maturation of 28S rRNA, thereby inhibiting ribosome biogenesis in GSCs. Subsequently, WDR12 depletion compromises GSC proliferation, inhibits GSC-derived orthotopic tumor growth, and extends animal survival. Together, our results suggest that WDR12 is crucial for ribosome biogenesis in GSCs, and is thus a potential target for GSC-directed therapy of glioblastoma.
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Tao, Zhonghua, Jianxia Liu, Ting Li, Hong Xu, Kai Chen, Jian Zhang, Hao Zhou, et al. "Profiling Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Fusions in Chinese Breast Cancers." Frontiers in Oncology 11 (September 28, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.741142.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BackgroundReceptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a class of tyrosine kinases that regulate cell-to-cell communication and control a variety of complex biological functions. Dysregulation of RTK signaling partly due to chromosomal rearrangements leads to novel tyrosine kinase fusion oncoproteins that are possibly driver alterations to cancers. Targeting some RTK fusions with specific tyrosine kinases inhibitors (TKIs) is an effective therapeutic strategy across a spectrum of RTK fusion-related cancers. However, there is still a paucity of extensive RTK fusion investigations in breast cancer. This study aims to characterize RTK fusions in Chinese breast cancer patients.MethodsAn in-house DNA sequencing database of 1440 Chinese breast cancer patients with a capture-based panel (520 gene or 108 gene-panel) was thoroughly reviewed. A total of 2,229 samples including 1,045 tissues and 1,184 plasmas were analyzed. RTK fusion was defined as an in-frame fusion with the tyrosine kinase domain of the RTK completely retained. Concomitant mutations were also analyzed and tumor mutational burden (TMB) was calculated. Patients’ clinical characteristics were retrieved from case records.ResultsA total of 30 RTK fusion events were identified from 27 breast cancer patients with a prevalence of 1.875%%. FGFR2 fusions were seen the most commonly (n=7), followed by RET (n=5), ROS1 (n=3), NTRK3 (n=3), BRAF (n=2), and NTRK1 (n=2). Other RTK fusions including ALK, EGFR, FGFR1, FGFR3, MET, and NTRK2 were identified in one patient each. A total of 27 unique resultant fusion proteins (22 with a novel partner) were discovered including 19 intrachromosomal rearrangements and 8 interchromosomal ones. Twenty-one fusions had the tyrosine kinase domain in-frame fused with a partner gene and six were juxtaposed with an intergenic space. Among the 27 fusions, FGFR2-WDR11 (E17: intergenic) (n=3) and ETV6-NTRK3 (E5:E15) (n=2) occurred recurrently. Of note, the normalized abundance of RTK fusion (fusion AF/max AF) correlated negatively with TMB (r=-0.48, P=0.017). Patients with TMB < 8 (Mutations/Mb) displayed a higher fusion abundance than those with TMB ≥ 8 (Mutations/Mb) (P=0.025). Moreover, CREBBP mutation only co-occurred with FGFR2 fusion (P=0.012), while NTRK3 fusion and TP53 mutation were mutually exclusive (P=0.019).ConclusionThis is the first study comprehensively delineating the prevalence and spectrum of RTK fusions in Chinese breast cancers. Further study is ongoing to identify the enriched subpopulation who may benefit from RTK fusion inhibitors.
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Gordon, Jacob, Fleur L. Chapus, Elizabeth G. Viverette, Jason G. Williams, Leesa J. Deterding, Juno M. Krahn, Mario J. Borgnia, Joseph Rodriguez, Alan J. Warren, and Robin E. Stanley. "Cryo-EM reveals the architecture of the PELP1-WDR18 molecular scaffold." Nature Communications 13, no. 1 (November 9, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34610-0.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractPELP1 (Proline-, Glutamic acid-, Leucine-rich protein 1) is a large scaffolding protein that functions in many cellular pathways including steroid receptor (SR) coactivation, heterochromatin maintenance, and ribosome biogenesis. PELP1 is a proto-oncogene whose expression is upregulated in many human cancers, but how the PELP1 scaffold coordinates its diverse cellular functions is poorly understood. Here we show that PELP1 serves as the central scaffold for the human Rix1 complex whose members include WDR18, TEX10, and SENP3. We reconstitute the mammalian Rix1 complex and identified a stable sub-complex comprised of the conserved PELP1 Rix1 domain and WDR18. We determine a 2.7 Å cryo-EM structure of the subcomplex revealing an interconnected tetrameric assembly and the architecture of PELP1’s signaling motifs, including eleven LxxLL motifs previously implicated in SR signaling and coactivation of Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα) mediated transcription. However, the structure shows that none of these motifs is in a conformation that would support SR binding. Together this work establishes that PELP1 scaffolds the Rix1 complex, and association with WDR18 may direct PELP1’s activity away from SR coactivation.
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Amick, Joseph, Arun Kumar Tharkeshwar, Gabriel Talaia, and Shawn M. Ferguson. "PQLC2 recruits the C9orf72 complex to lysosomes in response to cationic amino acid starvation." Journal of Cell Biology 219, no. 1 (December 18, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201906076.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The C9orf72 protein is required for normal lysosome function. In support of such functions, C9orf72 forms a heterotrimeric complex with SMCR8 and WDR41 that is recruited to lysosomes when amino acids are scarce. These properties raise questions about the identity of the lysosomal binding partner of the C9orf72 complex and the amino acid–sensing mechanism that regulates C9orf72 complex abundance on lysosomes. We now demonstrate that an interaction with the lysosomal cationic amino acid transporter PQLC2 mediates C9orf72 complex recruitment to lysosomes. This is achieved through an interaction between PQLC2 and WDR41. The interaction between PQLC2 and the C9orf72 complex is negatively regulated by arginine, lysine, and histidine, the amino acids that PQLC2 transports across the membrane of lysosomes. These results define a new role for PQLC2 in the regulated recruitment of the C9orf72 complex to lysosomes and reveal a novel mechanism that allows cells to sense and respond to changes in the availability of cationic amino acids within lysosomes.
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Su, Ming-Yuan, Simon A. Fromm, Jonathan Remis, Daniel B. Toso, and James H. Hurley. "Structural basis for the ARF GAP activity and specificity of the C9orf72 complex." Nature Communications 12, no. 1 (June 18, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24081-0.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractMutation of C9ORF72 is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontal temporal degeneration (FTD), which is attributed to both a gain and loss of function. C9orf72 forms a complex with SMCR8 and WDR41, which was reported to have GTPase activating protein activity toward ARF proteins, RAB8A, and RAB11A. We determined the cryo-EM structure of ARF1-GDP-BeF3- bound to C9orf72:SMCR8:WDR41. The SMCR8longin and C9orf72longin domains form the binding pocket for ARF1. One face of the C9orf72longin domain holds ARF1 in place, while the SMCR8longin positions the catalytic finger Arg147 in the ARF1 active site. Mutations in interfacial residues of ARF1 and C9orf72 reduced or eliminated GAP activity. RAB8A GAP required ~10-fold higher concentrations of the C9orf72 complex than for ARF1. These data support a specific function for the C9orf72 complex as an ARF GAP. The structure also provides a model for the active forms of the longin domain GAPs of FLCN and NPRL2 that regulate the Rag GTPases of the mTORC1 pathway.
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Kalmár, Tibor, Katalin Szakszon, Zoltán Maróti, Alíz Zimmermann, Adrienn Máté, Melinda Zombor, Csaba Bereczki, and László Sztriha. "A Novel Homozygous Frameshift WDR81 Mutation associated with Microlissencephaly, Corpus Callosum Agenesis, and Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia." Journal of Pediatric Genetics, May 28, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1712916.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractMicrolissencephaly is a brain malformation characterized by microcephaly and extremely simplified gyral pattern. It may be associated with corpus callosum agenesis and pontocerebellar hypoplasia. In this case report, we described two siblings, a boy and a girl, with this complex brain malformation and lack of any development. In the girl, exome sequencing of a gene set representing 4,813 genes revealed a homozygous AG deletion in exon 7 of the WDR81 gene, leading to a frameshift (c.4668_4669delAG, p.Gly1557AspfsTer16). The parents were heterozygous for this mutation. The boy died without proper genetic testing. Our findings expand the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of WDR81 gene mutations.
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McCool, Mason A., Amber F. Buhagiar, Carson J. Bryant, Lisa M. Ogawa, Laura Abriola, Yulia V. Surovtseva, and Susan J. Baserga. "Human pre-60S assembly factors link rRNA transcription to pre-rRNA processing." RNA, November 2, 2022, rna.079149.122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1261/rna.079149.122.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In eukaryotes, the nucleolus is the site of ribosome biosynthesis, an essential process in all cells. While human ribosome assembly is largely evolutionarily conserved, many of the regulatory details underlying its control and function have not yet been well-defined. The nucleolar protein RSL24D1 was originally identified as a factor important for 60S ribosomal subunit biogenesis. In addition, the PeBoW (BOP1-PES1-WDR12) complex has been well-defined as required for pre-28S rRNA processing and cell proliferation. In this study, we show that RSL24D1 depletion impairs both pre-ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) transcription and mature 28S rRNA production, leading to decreased protein synthesis and p53 stabilization in human cells. Surprisingly, each of the PeBoW complex members is also required for pre-rRNA transcription. We demonstrate that RSL24D1 and WDR12 co-immunoprecipitate with the RNA polymerase I subunit, RPA194, and regulate its steady state levels. These results uncover the dual role of RSL24D1 and the PeBoW complex in multiple steps of ribosome biogenesis, and provide evidence implicating large ribosomal subunit biogenesis factors in pre-rRNA transcription control.
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Bolger-Munro, Madison, Kate Choi, Faith Cheung, Yi Tian Liu, May Dang-Lawson, Nikola Deretic, Connor Keane, and Michael R. Gold. "The Wdr1-LIMK-Cofilin Axis Controls B Cell Antigen Receptor-Induced Actin Remodeling and Signaling at the Immune Synapse." Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 9 (April 13, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.649433.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When B cells encounter membrane-bound antigens, the formation and coalescence of B cell antigen receptor (BCR) microclusters amplifies BCR signaling. The ability of B cells to probe the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and respond to APC-bound antigens requires remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Initial BCR signaling stimulates actin-related protein (Arp) 2/3 complex-dependent actin polymerization, which drives B cell spreading as well as the centripetal movement and coalescence of BCR microclusters at the B cell-APC synapse. Sustained actin polymerization depends on concomitant actin filament depolymerization, which enables the recycling of actin monomers and Arp2/3 complexes. Cofilin-mediated severing of actin filaments is a rate-limiting step in the morphological changes that occur during immune synapse formation. Hence, regulators of cofilin activity such as WD repeat-containing protein 1 (Wdr1), LIM domain kinase (LIMK), and coactosin-like 1 (Cotl1) may also be essential for actin-dependent processes in B cells. Wdr1 enhances cofilin-mediated actin disassembly. Conversely, Cotl1 competes with cofilin for binding to actin and LIMK phosphorylates cofilin and prevents it from binding to actin filaments. We now show that Wdr1 and LIMK have distinct roles in BCR-induced assembly of the peripheral actin structures that drive B cell spreading, and that cofilin, Wdr1, and LIMK all contribute to the actin-dependent amplification of BCR signaling at the immune synapse. Depleting Cotl1 had no effect on these processes. Thus, the Wdr1-LIMK-cofilin axis is critical for BCR-induced actin remodeling and for B cell responses to APC-bound antigens.
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Tur-Gracia, Sara, and Narcisa Martinez-Quiles. "Emerging functions of cytoskeletal proteins in immune diseases." Journal of Cell Science 134, no. 3 (February 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.253534.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Immune cells are especially dependent on the proper functioning of the actin cytoskeleton, and both innate and adaptive responses rely on it. Leukocytes need to adhere not only to substrates but also to cells in order to form synapses that pass on instructions or kill infected cells. Neutrophils literally squeeze their cell body during blood extravasation and efficiently migrate to the inflammatory focus. Moreover, the development of immune cells requires the remodeling of their cytoskeleton as it depends on, among other processes, adhesive contacts and migration. In recent years, the number of reports describing cytoskeletal defects that compromise the immune system has increased immensely. Furthermore, a new emerging paradigm points toward a role for the cellular actin content as an essential component of the so-called homeostasis-altering molecular processes that induce the activation of innate immune signaling pathways. Here, we review the role of critical actin-cytoskeleton-remodeling proteins, including the Arp2/3 complex, cofilin, coronin and WD40-repeat containing protein 1 (WDR1), in immune pathophysiology, with a special focus on autoimmune and autoinflammatory traits.
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Xia, Pengcheng, Jing Chen, Xiaohui Bai, Ming Li, Le Wang, and Zhiming Lu. "Key gene network related to primary ciliary dyskinesia in hippocampus of patients with Alzheimer’s disease revealed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis." BMC Neurology 22, no. 1 (May 30, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12883-022-02724-z.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is closely related to aging, showing an increasing incidence rate for years. As one of the main brain regions involved in AD, hippocampus has been extensively studied due to its association with many human diseases. However, little is known about its association with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Material and Methods The microarray data of hippocampus on AD were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to construct the co-expression network by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The gene network modules associated with AD screened with the common genes were further annotated based on Gene Ontology (GO) database and enriched based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed based on STRING database to identify the hub genes in the network. Results Genes involved in PCD were identified in the hippocampus of AD patients. Functional analysis revealed that these genes were mainly enriched in ciliary tissue, ciliary assembly, axoneme assembly, ciliary movement, microtubule based process, microtubule based movement, organelle assembly, axoneme dynamin complex, cell projection tissue, and microtubule cytoskeleton tissue. A total of 20 central genes, e.g., DYNLRB2, ZMYND10, DRC1, DNAH5, WDR16, TTC25, and ARMC4 were identified as hub genes related to PCD in hippocampus of AD patients. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that AD and PCD have common metabolic pathways. These common pathways provide novel evidence for further investigation of the pathophysiological mechanism and the hub genes suggest new therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of AD and PCD. Subjects Bioinformatics, Cell Biology, Molecular Biology, Neurology.
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Xiao, Shangxi, Paul M. McKeever, Agnes Lau, and Janice Robertson. "Synaptic localization of C9orf72 regulates post-synaptic glutamate receptor 1 levels." Acta Neuropathologica Communications 7, no. 1 (October 24, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40478-019-0812-5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract A hexanucleotide repeat expansion in a noncoding region of C9orf72 is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Reduction of select or total C9orf72 transcript and protein levels is observed in postmortem C9-ALS/FTD tissue, and loss of C9orf72 orthologues in zebrafish and C. elegans results in motor deficits. However, how the reduction in C9orf72 in ALS and FTD might contribute to the disease process remains poorly understood. It has been shown that C9orf72 interacts and forms a complex with SMCR8 and WDR41, acting as a guanine exchange factor for Rab GTPases. Given the known synaptosomal compartmentalization of C9orf72-interacting Rab GTPases, we hypothesized that C9orf72 localization to synaptosomes would be required for the regulation of Rab GTPases and receptor trafficking. This study combined synaptosomal and post-synaptic density preparations together with a knockout-confirmed monoclonal antibody for C9orf72 to assess the localization and role of C9orf72 in the synaptosomes of mouse forebrains. Here, we found C9orf72 to be localized to both the pre- and post-synaptic compartment, as confirmed by both post-synaptic immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence labelling. In C9orf72 knockout (C9-KO) mice, we demonstrated that pre-synaptic Rab3a, Rab5, and Rab11 protein levels remained stable compared with wild-type littermates (C9-WT). Strikingly, post-synaptic preparations from C9-KO mouse forebrains demonstrated a complete loss of Smcr8 protein levels, together with a significant downregulation of Rab39b and a concomitant upregulation of GluR1 compared with C9-WT mice. We confirmed the localization of Rab39b downregulation and GluR1 upregulation to the dorsal hippocampus of C9-KO mice by immunofluorescence. These results indicate that C9orf72 is essential for the regulation of post-synaptic receptor levels, and implicates loss of C9orf72 in contributing to synaptic dysfunction and related excitotoxicity in ALS and FTD.
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Cao, Jing, and Lei Yuan. "Identification of key genes for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using integrated network analysis of differential lncRNA and gene expression." Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 9 (August 4, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.946229.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ObjectiveHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a complex heterogeneous heart disease. Recent reports found that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the progression of cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to identify the novel lncRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and determine the key pathways involved in HCM.MethodsThe lncRNA and mRNA sequencing datasets of GSE68316 and GSE130036 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. An integrated co-expression network analysis was conducted to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs and differentially expressed mRNAs in patients with HCM. Then, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were explored to identify the biological functions and signaling pathways of the co-expression network. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) and hub gene networks were constructed by using Cytoscape software. Plasma samples of patients with HCM and the GSE89714 dataset were used to validate the bioinformatics results.ResultsA total of 1,426 differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and 1,715 differentially expressed mRNAs were obtained from GSE68316, of which 965 lncRNAs and 896 mRNAs were upregulated and 461 lncRNAs and 819 mRNAs were downregulated. A total of 469 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 2,407 differentially expressed mRNAs were screened from GSE130036, of which 183 lncRNAs and 1,283 mRNAs were upregulated and 286 lncRNAs and 1,124 mRNAs were downregulated. A co-expression network was constructed and contained 30 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 63 differentially expressed mRNAs, which were primarily involved in ‘G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding,' ‘polyubiquitin modification-dependent protein binding,' ‘Apelin signaling pathway,' and ‘Wnt signaling pathway.' The 10 hub genes in the upregulated network [G Protein Subunit Alpha I2 (GNAI2), G Protein Subunit Alpha I1 (GNAI1), G Protein Subunit Alpha I3 (GNAI3), G Protein Subunit Gamma 2 (GNG2), G Protein Subunit Beta 1 (GNB1), G Protein Subunit Gamma 13 (GNG13), G Protein Subunit Gamma Transducin 1 (GNGT1), G Protein Subunit Gamma 12 (GNG12), AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase 1 (AKT1) and GNAS Complex Locus (GNAS)] and the 10 hub genes in the downregulated network [Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing Protein 2 (NOD2), Receptor-Interacting Serine/Threonine Kinase 2 (RIPK2), Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing Protein 1 (NOD1), Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling Protein (MAVS), Autophagy Related 16-Like 1 (ATG16L1), Interferon Induced With Helicase C Domain 1 (IFIH1), Autophagy Related 5 (ATG5), TANK-Binding Kinase 1 (TBK1), Caspase Recruitment Domain Family Member 9 (CARD9), and von Willebrand factor (VWF)] were screened using cytoHubba. The expression of LA16c-312E8.2 and RP5-1160K1.3 in the plasma of patients with HCM was elevated, and the expression of the MIR22 host gene (MIR22HG) was decreased, which was consistent with our analysis, while the expression of LINC00324 and Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 12 (SNHG12) was not significantly different between the two groups. Verification analyses performed on GSE89714 showed the upregulated mRNAs of Chloride Voltage-Gated Channel 7 (CLCN7), N-Acetylglucosamine-1-Phosphate Transferase Subunit Gamma (GNPTG), Unk Like Zinc Finger (UNKL), Adenosine Monophosphate Deaminase 2 (AMPD2), GNAI3, WD Repeat Domain 81 (WDR81), and Serpin Family F Member 1 (SERPINF1) and downregulated mRNAs of TATA-Box Binding Protein Associated Factor 12 (TAF12) co-expressed with five crucial lncRNAs. Moreover, GNAI2, GNAI3, GNG12, and vWF were upregulated and GNAS was downregulated in the top 10 hub genes of upregulated and downregulated PPI networks.ConclusionThese findings from integrative biological analysis of lncRNA-mRNA co-expression networks explored the key genes and pathways and provide new insights into the understanding of the mechanism and discovering new therapeutic targets for HCM. Three differentially expressed pivotal lncRNAs (LA16c-312E8.2, RP5-1160K1.3, and MIR22HG) in the co-expression network may serve as biomarkers and intervention targets for the diagnosis and treatment of HCM.