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Статті в журналах з теми "Wave-based Methodology"
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Guan, X. "Supersonic wing-body wave drag co-ordinated optimisation based on FCE methodology." Aeronautical Journal 118, no. 1209 (November 2014): 1359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000010010.
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Abstract Wave drag reduction is important for the aerodynamic performance optimisation of supersonic cruise aircrafts, such as the supersonic civil transport and the supersonic cruise missile. In this paper a method of the supersonic wing-body wave drag optimisation, the wave drag co-optimisation based on far-field composite elements (CoFCE), is proposed based on class-shape-transformation (CST) parameterisation. Wave drag optimisation cases of a supersonic civil transport wing-body are presented, including the optimisation results and computation cost analyses. It is suggested that the supersonic wing-body wave drag can be significantly reduced by the proposed method with relatively small numbers of design parameter. In the optimisation case presented in this paper a 45% wave drag reduction is achieved. The wave drag optimised configuration also achieved significant lift to drag ratio improvements in small angles-of-attack supersonic cruise flight conditions.
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Zhang, Songhan, Ruili Shen, Kaoshan Dai, Lu Wang, Guido De Roeck, and Geert Lombaert. "A methodology for cable damage identification based on wave decomposition." Journal of Sound and Vibration 442 (March 2019): 527–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2018.11.018.
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Liu, Hongwei, Mustafa Naser Al-Ali, and Yi Luo. "Converted-wave model building and imaging based on common-focus-point methodology." GEOPHYSICS 85, no. 6 (October 13, 2020): U139—U149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0549.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Seismic images can be viewed as photographs for underground rocks. These images can be generated from different reflections of elastic waves with different rock properties. Although the dominant seismic data processing is still based on the acoustic wave assumption, elastic wave processing and imaging have become increasingly popular in recent years. A major challenge in elastic wave processing is shear-wave (S-wave) velocity model building. For this reason, we have developed a sequence of procedures for estimating seismic S-wave velocities and the subsequent generation of seismic images using converted waves. We have two main essential new supporting techniques. The first technique is the decoupling of the S-wave information by generating common-focus-point gathers via application of the compressional-wave (P-wave) velocity on the converted seismic data. The second technique is to assume one common VP/ VS ratio to approximate two types of ratios, namely, the ratio of the average earth layer velocity and the ratio of the stacking velocity. The benefit is that we reduce two unknown ratios into one, so it can be easily scanned and picked in practice. The PS-wave images produced by this technology could be aligned with the PP-wave images such that both can be produced in the same coordinate system. The registration between the PP and PS images provides cross-validation of the migrated structures and a better estimation of underground rock and fluid properties. The S-wave velocity, computed from the picked optimal ratio, can be used not only for generating the PS-wave images, but also to ensure well registration between the converted-wave and P-wave images.
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Amlani, Faisal, and Niema M. Pahlevan. "A stable high-order FC-based methodology for hemodynamic wave propagation." Journal of Computational Physics 405 (March 2020): 109130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2019.109130.
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Quiroga, Jabid, John Quiroga, Luis Mujica, Rodolfo Villamizar, and Magda Ruiz. "Temperature Robust PCA Based Stress Monitoring Approach." Key Engineering Materials 713 (September 2016): 288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.713.288.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, a guided wave temperature robust PCA-based stress monitoring methodology is proposed. It is based on the analysis of the longitudinal guided wave propagating along the path under stress. Slight changes in the wave are detected by means of PCA via statistical T2 and Q indices. Experimental and numerical simulations of the guided wave propagating in material under different temperatures have shown significant variations in the amplitude and the velocity of the wave. This condition can jeopardize the discrimination of the different stress scenarios detected by the PCA indices. Thus, it is proposed a methodology based on an extended knowledge base, composed by a PCA statistical model for different discrete temperatures to produce a robust classification of stress states under variable environmental conditions. Experimental results have shown a good agreement between the predicted scenarios and the real ones
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Cilici, Florent, Manuel J. Barragan, Estelle Lauga-Larroze, Sylvain Bourdel, Gildas Leger, Loic Vincent, and Salvador Mir. "A Nonintrusive Machine Learning-Based Test Methodology for Millimeter-Wave Integrated Circuits." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 68, no. 8 (August 2020): 3565–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2020.2991412.
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Nazarov, D. V., D. V. Antipov, and O. V. Lomovskoy. "MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF FLEXIBLE WAVE GEAR WHEELS BASED ON THE PFMEA METHODOLOGY." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences 25, no. 3 (2023): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/1990-5378-2023-25-3-26-34.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presents a model for assessing the risks of potential failures of the machining process of flexible wheels of wave gears (WG). The constructed model is based on the methodology for analyzing the types and consequences of potential process inconsistencies (PFMEA). Structural, functional analysis and analysis of failures arising in the process of turning, grinding and cutting the teeth of a flexible wheel are carried out. As a result of the analysis, a risk assessment was carried out and a list of measures aimed at improving the quality of the machining process of flexible wheels of the WG was established.
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Shi, Hongda, Chenyu Zhao, Martyn Hann, Deborah Greaves, Zhi Han, and Feifei Cao. "WHTO: A methodology of calculating the energy extraction of wave energy convertors based on wave height reduction." Energy 185 (October 2019): 299–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.07.068.
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Hegermiller, C. A., J. A. A. Antolinez, A. Rueda, P. Camus, J. Perez, L. H. Erikson, P. L. Barnard, and F. J. Mendez. "A Multimodal Wave Spectrum–Based Approach for Statistical Downscaling of Local Wave Climate." Journal of Physical Oceanography 47, no. 2 (February 2017): 375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-16-0191.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractCharacterization of wave climate by bulk wave parameters is insufficient for many coastal studies, including those focused on assessing coastal hazards and long-term wave climate influences on coastal evolution. This issue is particularly relevant for studies using statistical downscaling of atmospheric fields to local wave conditions, which are often multimodal in large ocean basins (e.g., Pacific Ocean). Swell may be generated in vastly different wave generation regions, yielding complex wave spectra that are inadequately represented by a single set of bulk wave parameters. Furthermore, the relationship between atmospheric systems and local wave conditions is complicated by variations in arrival time of wave groups from different parts of the basin. Here, this study addresses these two challenges by improving upon the spatiotemporal definition of the atmospheric predictor used in the statistical downscaling of local wave climate. The improved methodology separates the local wave spectrum into “wave families,” defined by spectral peaks and discrete generation regions, and relates atmospheric conditions in distant regions of the ocean basin to local wave conditions by incorporating travel times computed from effective energy flux across the ocean basin. When applied to locations with multimodal wave spectra, including Southern California and Trujillo, Peru, the new methodology improves the ability of the statistical model to project significant wave height, peak period, and direction for each wave family, retaining more information from the full wave spectrum. This work is the base of statistical downscaling by weather types, which has recently been applied to coastal flooding and morphodynamic applications.
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Morency, Christina. "Electromagnetic wave propagation based upon spectral-element methodology in dispersive and attenuating media." Geophysical Journal International 220, no. 2 (November 13, 2019): 951–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz510.
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SUMMARY We build on mathematical equivalences between Maxwell’s wave equations for an electromagnetic medium and elastic seismic wave equations. This allows us to readily model Maxwell’s wave propagation in the spectral-element codes SPECFEM2D and SPECFEM3D, written for acoustic, viscoelastic and poroelastic seismic wave propagation, providing the ability to handle complex geometries, inherent to finite-element methods and retaining the strength of exponential convergence and accuracy due to the use of high-degree polynomials to interpolate field functions on the elements, characteristic to spectral-element methods (SEMs). Attenuation and dispersion processes related to the frequency dependence of dielectric permittivity and conductivity are also included using a Zener model, similar to shear attenuation in viscoelastic media or viscous diffusion in poroelastic media, and a Kelvin–Voigt model, respectively. Ability to account for anisotropic media is also discussed. Here, we limit ourselves to certain dielectric permittivity tensor geometries, in order to conserve a diagonal mass matrix after discretization of the system of equations. Doing so, simulation of Maxwell’s wave equations in the radar frequency range based on SEM can be solved using explicit time integration schemes well suited for parallel computation. We validate our formulation with analytical solutions. In 2-D, our implementation allows for the modelling of both a transverse magnetic (TM) mode, suitable for surface based reflection ground penetration radar type of applications, and a transverse electric (TE) mode more suitable for crosshole and vertical radar profiling setups. Two 2-D examples are designed to demonstrated the use of the TM and TE modes. A 3-D example is also presented, which allows for the full TEM solution, different antenna orientations, and out-of-plane variations in material properties.
Дисертації з теми "Wave-based Methodology"
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Gunasekaran, Barani. "Development and validation of a pressure based CFD methodology for acoustic wave propagation and damping." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8740.
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Combustion instabilities (thermo-acoustic pressure oscillations) have been recognised for some time as a problem limiting the development of low emissions (e.g., lean burn) gas turbine combustion systems, particularly for aviation propulsion applications. Recently, significant research efforts have been focused on acoustic damping for suppression of combustion instability. Most of this work has either been experimental or based on linear acoustic theory. The last 3-5 years has seen application of density based CFD methods to this problem, but no attempts to use pressure-based CFD methods which are much more commonly used in combustion predictions. The goal of the present work is therefore to develop a pressure-based CFD algorithm in order to predict accurately acoustic propagation and acoustic damping processes, as relevant to gas turbine combustors. The developed computational algorithm described in this thesis is based on the classical pressure-correction approach, which was modified to allow fluid density variation as a function of pressure in order to simulate acoustic phenomena, which are fundamentally compressible in nature. The fact that the overall flow Mach number of relevance was likely to be low ( mildly compressible flow) also influenced the chosen methodology. For accurate capture of acoustic wave propagation at minimum grid resolution and avoiding excessive numerical smearing/dispersion, a fifth order accurate Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory scheme (WENO) was introduced. Characteristic-based boundary conditions were incorporated to enable accurate representation of acoustic excitation (e.g. via a loudspeaker or siren) as well as enable precise evaluation of acoustic reflection and transmission coefficients. The new methodology was first validated against simple (1D and 2D) but well proven test cases for wave propagation and demonstrated low numerical diffusion/dispersion. The proper incorporation of Characteristic-based boundary conditions was validated by comparison against classical linear acoustic analysis of acoustic and entropy waves in quasi-1D variable area duct flows. The developed method was then applied to the prediction of experimental measurements of the acoustic absorption coefficient for a single round orifice flow. Excellent agreement with experimental data was obtained in both linear and non-linear regimes. Analysis of predicted flow fields both with and without bias flow showed that non-linear acoustic behavior occurred when flow reversal begins inside the orifice. Finally, the method was applied to study acoustic excitation of combustor external aerodynamics using a pre-diffuser/dump diffuser geometry previously studied experimentally at Loughborough University and showed the significance of boundary conditions and shear layer instability to produce a sustained pressure fluctuation in the external aerodynamics.
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Evdokimova, Iuliia. "Direct bandpass methodology for synthesis and design of stand-alone filters and duplexers based on acoustic wave technologies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663826.
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Hoy en día, constantes exigencias del usuario han llegado a ser el motor del progreso tecnológico. La evolución de los teléfonos móviles y de los estándares de telecomunicaciones es un claro ejemplo de rápido avance tecnológico que continúa mejorando. Actualmente, es imposible imaginar nuestra vida sin un teléfono móvil. Gracias al desarrollo de Internet móvil, ahora tenemos variedad de oportunidades sin límites. Para mantener el nivel de intercambio de datos cada vez mayor, la alta velocidad, la latencia reducida y los servicios de banda ancha se han convertido en los objetos de constante mejora tecnológica. Emergido estándar de red 4G en el estado de difusión y próximo estándar 5G requerirán una mejora aún más desafiante de estas características clave, afectando a todo el dispositivo móvil, pero especialmente a los sistemas de filtrado.
El objetivo principal de esta tesis es proporcionar técnicas avanzadas de síntesis para diseño de filtros de topología en escalera, duplexores y multiplexores, teniendo en cuenta las limitaciones tecnológicas que se vuelven más estrictas en el transcurso del tiempo. Las clásicas metodologías de síntesis pueden no ser suficientes para abordar innovaciones tecnológicas futuras. Incluso las técnicas de optimización frecuentemente utilizadas en la industria de filtros acústicos pueden consumir mucho tiempo en estas nuevas condiciones. Con el fin de proporcionar un resultado de alta precisión compatible con tecnología avanzada en todo el rango de frecuencias, en esta tesis se desarrolla la metodología de síntesis directa en paso banda. El método es especialmente útil para Carrier Aggregation de bandas contiguas y no contiguas, donde la evaluación de fase a una frecuencia alejada de la banda de paso debe ser de mayor precisión para evitar interferencias entre múltiples canales de transmisores y receptores.
Uno de los aspectos más importantes del diseño del filtro acústico es la adaptación de las restricciones tecnológicas y el cumplimiento de máscara. Esta tesis tiene en cuenta diferentes parámetros tecnológicos como el coeficiente de acoplamiento efectivo de cada resonador, frecuencias de resonancia, energía almacenada, área de filtro ocupada y factor de calidad. Las técnicas de síntesis descritas analizan y gestionan estas restricciones para proporcionar el mejor resultado posible dentro del rango de parámetros especificados.
Se presta especial atención a la gestión de factor de calidad del resonador acústico. Cuando el factor de calidad se tiene en cuenta directamente en el procedimiento de síntesis, se puede obtener características especiales de la respuesta en transmisión y reflexión. En este caso, el filtro diseñado se denomina "lossy" y se caracteriza por dimensiones finitas. Cierta distribución del factor de calidad de cada resonador puede mantener la planitud de la banda de paso y evitar el redondeo de los bordes, manteniendo así la información transmitida y recibida. La metodología propuesta de síntesis de filtro acústico lossy acomoda las restricciones tecnológicas y gestiona las pérdidas de cada resonador de tal manera que se puede obtener un filtro óptimo.Today, constant end-user demands have become the engine of technological progress. Evolution of mobile phones and telecommunication standards is a clear example of fast technological breakthrough which continues to be improved. Nowadays, it is impossible to imagine our life without a mobile phone. Thanks to mobile Internet development, we have got unlimited opportunities. In order to maintain an ever-increasing data exchange, high data rates, reduced latency, and broadband data services have become objects of constant technological improvement. Emerged 4G network standard in deployment and upcoming 5G standard will require even more challenging enhancement of these key characteristics, affecting the entire mobile handset, but especially filtering systems. The main objective of this thesis is to provide an advanced synthesis techniques for ladder-type acoustic filters, duplexers, and multiplexers, taking into account technological constraints which become more stringent in course of time. Classical synthesis methodologies may not be sufficient in order to tackle future technological innovations. Even optimization techniques, mostly used in industry of acoustic filters, can be very time consuming in these new conditions. In order to provide an accurate result compatible with advanced technology on the whole frequency range, direct bandpass synthesis methodology is developed in this work. The method is particularly useful for intra-band and inter-band Carrier Aggregation where phase evaluation at frequency far away from the passband has to be of the highest accuracy in order to avoid interferences between multiple transmitter and receiver channels. One of the most important aspects of acoustic filter’ design is accommodation of technological constraints and mask specification fulfillment. This thesis takes into account such important technological parameters as effective coupling coefficient of each resonator, resonant frequencies, stored energy, occupied filter area, and quality factor. Described synthesis techniques analytically analyze and manage these constraints so as to provide the best possible result within the range of specified parameters. Special attention is paid to quality factor management of acoustic resonator. When quality factor is taken into account directly in synthesis procedure, special features of transmission and reflection response can be obtained. In this case, designed filter is called "lossy" and it is characterized by finite dimensions. Certain distribution of quality factor of each resonator can maintain the flatness of passband and avoid edge rounding, thus maintaining the transmitted and received information. Proposed methodology of lossy acoustic filter synthesis accommodates the technological constraints and manage losses of every resonator so that an optimum filter based on acoustic waves can be obtained.
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James, Stuart George. "Developing a flexible and expressive realtime polyphonic wave terrain synthesis instrument based on a visual and multidimensional methodology." Connect to thesis, 2005. http://portal.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2006.0037.html.
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James, Stuart G. "Developing a flexible and expressive realtime polyphonic wave terrain synthesis instrument based on a visual and multidimensional methodology." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2005. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/107.
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The Jitter extended library for Max/MSP is distributed with a gamut of tools for the generation, processing, storage, and visual display of multidimensional data structures. With additional support for a wide range of media types, and the interaction between these mediums, the environment presents a perfect working ground for Wave Terrain Synthesis. This research details the practical development of a realtime Wave Terrain Synthesis instrument within the Max/MSP programming environment utilizing the Jitter extended library. Various graphical processing routines are explored in relation to their potential use for Wave Terrain Synthesis.
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Cui, Dongze. "A Contribution to Vibroacoustics of Highly Heterogeneous Metastructures through Wave Finite Element Scheme." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ECDL0031.
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La recherche vise à étendre les études existantes sur les métastructures hétérogènes présentant des caractéristiques de fort contraste et de forte dissipation. Les dynamiques multi-échelles, les indicateurs vibroacoustiques, l'effet de couplage des ondes et les ondes d'ordre élevé sont étudiés dans le cadre des méthodologies basées sur les ondes. Les modèles pour les structures à forts contrastes (Highly Contrasted Structures, HCS) et haute dissipation (Highly Dissipative Structures, HDS) sont explorés. Diverses méthodes de calcul des indicateurs vibroacoustiques tels que l'espace des nombres d'onde, le facteur de perte par amortissement (Damping Loss Factor, DLF) et la perte de transmission sonore (Sound Transmission Loss, STL) sont passées en revue. L'attention particulière est accordée à la méthode d'homogénéisation asymptotique (Asymptotic Homogenization Method, AHM) exploitant le modèle Zig-Zag et la technique d'homogénéisation pour prédire les dynamiques multi-échelles des HCS par les nombres d'onde de flexion. Parallèlement, la méthode analytique de la matrice de transfert (Transfer Matrix Method, TMM) et sa généralisation pour les structures complexes par le modèle des éléments finis (General Transfer Matrix Method, GTMM), le modèle stratifié général (General Laminate Model, GLM) utilisant la théorie de déplacement de Mindlin, et le schéma d'éléments finis d'ondes (Wave Finite Element, WFE) sont présentés. L'évaluation de la robustesse et de la précision de AHM et GLM est réalisée en comparant l'espace des nombres d'onde et le DLF avec la méthode de référence WFE. Le problème des valeurs propres nonlinéaires (Nonlinear Eigenvalue Problem, NEP) dans le schéma WFE pour les ondes se propageant dans diverses directions est résolu par un solveur d'intégrale de contour (Contour Integral, CI), les nombres d'ondes complexes sont suivis en fonction des critères de continuité de l'énergie dans le domaine fréquentiel. Les limites de validité d'AHM et GLM sont vérifiées. La faisabilité d'appliquer la méthode WFE aux structures sandwich avec des composants non-homogènes est démontrée en utilisant la méthode d'entrée de puissance basée sur les éléments finis (FE-based Power Input Method, PIM-FEM). Le cadre WFE est étendu pour prédire avec précision le DLF global des HDS. Il commence par dériver les réponses forcées d'une cellule unitaire (Unit Cell, UC) représentative de la structure périodique lorsqu'elle est excitée par une onde incidente. Ensuite, il calcule le DLF de l'onde via l'équation de bilan de puissance. En utilisant l'expansion de Bloch, la réponse à une force ponctuelle appliquée à la structure périodique est décomposée dans la zone de Brillouin, permettant la prédiction de la réponse totale par intégration sur l'espace des nombres d'onde. Le DLF global est dérivé sur la base du principe de PIM. Pour les HDS, les résultats du GLM sont exploités pour valider le DLF des ondes, tandis que l'approche PIM-FEM est utilisée comme référence pour le DLF global. L'influence réduite des ondes de flexion sur l'estimation du DLF pour les HDS est discutée, ainsi que l'importance des ordres des modes de Bloch. Les coefficients de transmission du son sont exploités pour représenter la contribution des nombres d'onde à la STL des métastructures hétérogènes. La méthode WFE est appliquée pour étudier les mécanismes de couplage des ondes influençant la performance d'isolation acoustique des HCS et HDS, ainsi que l'importance du mouvement symétrique pour les structures sandwich avec un couche centrale souple très épais. La même approche est utilisée pour les guides d'ondes avec des sections transversales complexes afin d'analyser l'effet de couplage des ondes et des ondes d'ordre élevé sur l'estimation précise de la STL par les approches TMM, WFE et GTMM. Une attention particulière est accordée aux structures courbées. Les mécanismes de couplage entre les ondes de flexion et de membrane influençant la STL sont également étudiésThe research aims to extend existing studies for heterogeneous metastructures with high contrast and high dissipation features. The multi-scale dynamics, vibroacoustic indicators, wave coupling effect, and high-order waves of heterogeneous metastructures are investigated within the wave-based frameworks. The wave-based models for Highly Contrasted Structures (HCS) and Highly Dissipative Structures (HDS) are explored. Various methods for computing the vibroacoustic indicators, such as the wavenumber space, Damping Loss Factor (DLF), and Sound Transmission Loss (STL), are reviewed. Special attention is placed on the Asymptotic Homogenization Method (AHM) exploiting the Zig-Zag model and homogenization technique to predict the multi-scale dynamics of HCS by the bending wavenumbers. Meanwhile, the analytical Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) and its generalization for complex structures by the Finite Element (FE) model (General Transfer Matrix Method, GTMM), the semi-analytical General Laminate Model (GLM) employing Mindlin's displacement theory, the numerical Wave Finite Element (WFE) scheme are presented. Evaluation on the robustness and accuracy of AHM and GLM is made by comparing the wavenumber space and DLF with the reference WFE method. The Nonlinear Eigenvalue Problem (NEP) in the WFE scheme for waves propagating in varying directions is solved by a Contour Integral (CI) solver, the complex wavenumbers are tracked based on the energy continuity criteria in the frequency domain. The validity limits of AHM and GLM are verified. The feasibility of applying the WFE method to sandwich structures with non-homogeneous components is shown using the classical FE-based Power Input Method (PIM-FEM). The WFE framework is extended for accurately predicting the global DLF of HDS. It starts by deriving the forced responses of a Unit Cell (UC) representative of the periodic structure when excited by an impinging wave. Then it computes the DLF of the wave via the power balance equation. By employing the Bloch expansion, the response to a point force applied to the periodic structure is decomposed in the Brillouin zone, allowing the prediction of total response via integration over the wavenumber space. The global DLF is derived based on the principle of PIM. For HDS, results of GLM are exploited for validating the wave DLF, the PIM-FEM approach is provided as reference approach for the global DLF. The shrinking influence of bending waves on the DLF estimation for HDS is discussed, as well as the importance of Bloch mode orders. \newline Sound transmission coefficients can be exploited to depict the contribution from the wavenumber space to the STL of the heterogeneous metastructures. The WFE method is applied to study the wave coupling mechanisms influencing the sound insulation performance of HCS and HDS, as well as the importance of symmetric motion to the sandwich structures with a very thick soft core. The same approach is applied to waveguides with complex cross-sections to investigate the wave coupling effect and high-order waves on the accurate STL estimation by analytical TMM, WFE, and GTMM approaches. Special attention is paid to curved periodic structures, the bending-membrane coupling mechanisms influencing the STL are also investigated
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Tao, Wenjie. "Time resolved temperature and pressure based methodology for direct and indirect combustion noise separation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC009/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’objectif de la thèse est le développement d'une stratégie pour quantifier expérimentalement le bruit indirect et le séparer du bruit direct, puisque le bruit direct et indirect co-existent dans la plupart des applications. La configuration retenue pour l'étude est un banc expérimental avec une tuyère et la stratégie proposée a pour l’objectif de mesurer les fonctions de transfert de la tuyère. Le premier chapitre définit les fonctions de transfert de la tuyère utilisée dans l'étude comme référence pour la validation de la stratégie. Le deuxième chapitre présente une configuration originale qui génère simultanément le bruit direct et indirect sans introduire la combustion. Le troisième chapitre détaille les méthodes pour évaluer les ondes acoustiques et d'entropie à partir des mesures de température et de pression. Le quatrième chapitre termine la première partie de la thèse en décrivant la stratégie avant de la tester avec les signaux expérimentaux et numériques de haute fidélité. La deuxième partie se concentre sur l'utilisation de la stratégie dans les simulations à grandes échelles d'un brûleur à combustion turbulente. Les simulations sont validées par des données expérimentales tandis que les signaux sont traités à quantifier le bruit direct et indirect de combustion dans la chambreThe objective of the thesis is the development of a practical strategy to quantify experimentally indirect noise and to discriminate it from direct noise as they co-exist in most practical conditions. The configuration retained for the study is a test bench with a nozzle and the proposed the strategy relies on nozzle transfer functions. The first chapter defines the nozzle transfer functions used in the study as references for the validation of the strategy. The second chapter introduces an original setup that generates simultaneously direct and indirect noise without handling combustion. The third chapter details the methods to evaluate the acoustic and entropy waves from raw temperature and pressure signals. The fourth chapter closes the first part of the study by describing the strategy then testing it on high-fidelity simulation and experimental signals. The second part focuses on the use of the strategy in Large Eddy Simulations of a turbulent combustion test bench. Simulations are validated by experimental data then raw signals are processed to quantify the direct and indirect noise sources as well as the direct and indirect noise contributions
Книги з теми "Wave-based Methodology"
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F, Doyle James. Wave Propagation in Structures: An FFT-Based Spectral Analysis Methodology. New York, NY: Springer US, 1989.
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Wave propagation in structures: An FFT-based spectral analysis methodology. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1989.
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Banu, Roxana. Individual-Centered and State-Centered Internationalist Perspectives in American Private International Law Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198819844.003.0005.
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This chapter starts by briefly describing the first wave of the realist theory in the writings of Walter Wheeler Cook and Ernest G. Lorenzen and then Brainerd Currie’s much more developed state-interest theory. The chapter then outlines a rich and underexplored debate among American realist scholars, with their critics, about the implications of choosing the individual or the state as the analytical point of departure in PrIL theory and methodology. It underscores three different ways in which individual-centered arguments were used to try to temper Currie’s state-centered premises. In reviewing critiques against Currie’s state-centered perspective, the analysis in this chapter distinguishes between arguments focused on fairness, those based on equity and equality, and those based on a sociological notion of disaggregated state interests. The chapter further discusses the parallels between the American realist perspective and the nineteenth-century relational internationalist perspective introduced in Chapter 2.
Частини книг з теми "Wave-based Methodology"
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Dong, Longjun, and Xibing Li. "Velocity-Free Localization Methods for the Complex Structures Based on Non-straight Wave Travel Paths." In Velocity-Free Localization Methodology for Acoustic and Microseismic Sources, 191–242. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8610-9_7.
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Khalil, Abdelgalil, Faeez Masurkar, and A. Abdul-Ameer. "Estimating the Reliability of the Inspection System Employed for Detecting Defects in Rail Track Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves." In BUiD Doctoral Research Conference 2023, 190–202. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56121-4_19.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThis work focuses on the implementation of a data-based method to determine the inspection system reliability in terms of detecting different types of damages in rail tracks using ultrasonic-guided Rayleigh waves and a probability of detection (POD) technique. In this study, the reliability is tested against a surface crack (SC) and sub-surface damage – a through-side thickness hole (TSTH). The guided Rayleigh waves are generated using a custom-designed sensor that excites Rayleigh surface waves in the specimen and the propagating waves are sensed on the rail track surface. The wedge shape design of the sensor helps to excite a specific ultrasonic mode in the sample thereby hindering the ultrasonic energy of other coupled guided waves that can propagate simultaneously and the wedge angle is determined according to Snell’s law relying on the wave velocity of Rayleigh wave and bulk longitudinal wave. The guided wave responses as a function of varying severity of defects are obtained through a simulation study after the verification of the obtained guided wave responses with the help of an experimental study. A damage index (DI) is defined depending on defect size that gives the trend of damage severity from the captured ultrasonic responses and for monitoring defects in the rail track. This DI is eventually fed into the POD model to determine the probability of defect detection which in turn helps determine the inspection system reliability. The POD method also helps to study the critical design parameters that could affect or improve crack detection results.Purpose – To determine the reliability of inspection system deployed for interrogating health status of rail track.Methodology – Employing the Probability of detection technique for determining how reliable the inspection system is in detecting the health status of the rail track specimen using the ultrasonic guided waves.Findings – It has been found that the proposed inspection system is >90% reliable in detecting defects.Implications – This methodology can help maintenance engineers to make an informed decision on their developed technique for investigating the health status of the rail track sample.Originality/ value – 13%.
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Brouwer, Jasperina, and Carlos A. de Matos Fernandes. "Using Stochastic Actor-Oriented Models to Explain Collaboration Intentionality as a Prerequisite for Peer Feedback and Learning in Networks." In The Power of Peer Learning, 103–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29411-2_5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractPeer feedback and collaboration intentionality (CI) are key prerequisites to advance in higher education. For learning, it is crucial that peers do not merely interact, but that students are willing to function as scaffolds by sharing their knowledge from different perspectives and asking each other for academic support. Peer feedback can only take place within a collaborative learning approach and when students are willing to initiate feedback relationships with their peers. Therefore, we analyze peer feedback networks (in terms of academic help and advice-seeking) and CI as an individual characteristic using an advanced statistical tool, namely stochastic actor-oriented models (SAOMs). In SAOMs, we control for selection and influence mechanisms. Selection comprises instances when feedback relations can be initiated based on CI, while influence builds upon existing feedback relations in affecting CI. One important selection mechanism is homophily, which means that individuals prefer to initiate a connection with someone else based on similarity in characteristics, attitudes, or behavior. In this chapter, we introduce this statistical technique within the higher education context and the added value for feedback research in education. We illustrate the SAOM methodology using two-wave peer feedback networks and CI data while controlling for gender and the Five-Factor Model personality traits. In this empirical example, we address the research question: To what extent does homophily of CI plays a role in selecting peers when seeking feedback and to what extent do feedback relationships influence CI? The SAOM shows an homophily effect, which implies that students preferentially seek feedback from others who are similar in CI. We also find an influence effect in which students who seek feedback from one another become more similar in terms of CI over time. Similarity in CI is driven by selection and influence mechanisms in peer feedback networks.
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Takada, T., K. Tanaka, and T. Itoi. "New methodology for wave-based probabilistic seismic hazard analysis." In Safety, Reliability, Risk and Life-Cycle Performance of Structures and Infrastructures, 4327–34. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16387-625.
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Dinçer, Hasan, Hüsne Karakuş, and Ulf Henning Richter. "Theoretical Structure of Wave Energy and Its Importance in Terms of Energy Supply Security." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 136–52. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8335-7.ch009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The establishment of wave power plants helps the country reduce its dependence on fossil resources. In this regard, the country is least affected by the changes in fossil resource prices. Energy supply security is ensured when the sustainability and availability of electrical energy obtained from wave energy is ensured. This is an important issue for the development of the country's economy. Therefore, attention should be paid to the effect of studies on wave energy on energy supply security. In this study, it is aimed to explain the theoretical structure of wave energy and its importance in terms of energy supply security of the country. In this study, it is intended to generate appropriate strategies for Turkey to improve wave energy system. For this purpose, four different criteria are defined based on balanced scorecard methodology which are finance, customer, organizational effectiveness, and research and development. An evaluation has been conducted by DEMATEL methodology. It is identified that finance is the most significant criterion for Turkey to improve wave energy projects.
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"Post-Mortem Scenarios Verification Method." In Advances in Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 67–98. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-9364-2.ch003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The scenarios of the posthumous existence of the subjective space of a person are based on its interpretation as a wave component, which does not disappear after the destruction of the soliton-wave system in the process of dying, just as a dead body does not disappear. This scenario requires careful verification. A methodology for verifying the scenario has been developed. The methodology includes a justification of the verification procedure as an organization of a ternary connection, examples of its application, identification, and ranking of sources as independent information carriers, interpretation of this data, and examples of its use for the ideas from different eras correct comparison.
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Volna, Eva, and Martin Kotyrba. "Recognition of Patterns with Fractal Structure in Time Series." In Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics, 1–31. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0565-5.ch001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The chapter is focused on an analysis and pattern recognition in time series, which are fractal in nature. Our goal is to find and recognize important Elliott wave patterns which repeatedly appear in the market history for the purpose of prediction of subsequent trader's action. The pattern recognition approach is based on neural networks. Artificial neural networks are suitable for pattern recognition in time series mainly because of learning only from examples. This chapter introduces a methodology that allows analysis of Elliot wave's patterns in time series for the purpose of a trend prediction. The functionality of the proposed methodology was validated in experimental simulations, for whose implementation was designed and created an application environment. In conclusion, all results were evaluated and compared with each other. This chapter is composed only from our published works that present our proposed methodology. We see the main contribution of this chapter in its range, which allows us to present all our published works concerning our proposed methodology together.
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Volna, Eva, and Martin Kotyrba. "Recognition of Patterns With Fractal Structure in Time Series." In Computer Vision, 324–49. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5204-8.ch013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The chapter is focused on an analysis and pattern recognition in time series, which are fractal in nature. Our goal is to find and recognize important Elliott wave patterns which repeatedly appear in the market history for the purpose of prediction of subsequent trader's action. The pattern recognition approach is based on neural networks. Artificial neural networks are suitable for pattern recognition in time series mainly because of learning only from examples. This chapter introduces a methodology that allows analysis of Elliot wave's patterns in time series for the purpose of a trend prediction. The functionality of the proposed methodology was validated in experimental simulations, for whose implementation was designed and created an application environment. In conclusion, all results were evaluated and compared with each other. This chapter is composed only from our published works that present our proposed methodology. We see the main contribution of this chapter in its range, which allows us to present all our published works concerning our proposed methodology together.
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Beal, Joan. "Dialect and the Construction of Identity in the Ego-documents of Thomas Bewick." In Dialect Writing and the North of England, edited by Patrick Honeybone and Warren Maguire, 51–74. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474442565.003.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter looks at the use of dialect in the ego-documents of the Newcastle-based engraver Thomas Bewick (1753-1828). It begins by outlining the methodology of third-wave historical sociolinguistics and the framework of indexicality and enregisterment and how these might be applied to historical data. After a biographical account of Thomas Bewick which shows his interest in dialect and his strong attachment to Tyneside, it goes on to analyse extracts from Bewick’s correspondence and memoirs. This demonstrates how Bewick uses Northumbrian (and sometimes Scots) dialect to construct and perform identity both in his personal correspondence and in the memoir which would present his persona to posterity.
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Catalano, L. A. "A Semi-staggered Residual Distribution Method for 2- and 3-D Steady Inviscid Compressible Flows." In Numerical Methods for Fluid Dynamics V, 225–31. Oxford University PressOxford, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198514800.003.0014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In the last few years, a great effort has been devoted by CFD researchers to develop new and more sophisticated compressible flow solvers which aim at modelling the complex multidimensional wave propagation more correctly than the standard 1-D solvers. Among these, the author has contributed to the development of a genuinely multidimensional upwind method for the solution of the Euler equations based on simple-wave decomposition models [l]: assuming a piece-wise linear distribution of the parameter vector [ineq] on a cell-vertex triangular grid, a set of five-to-six simple wave contributions to the flux-balance over each cell are analytically computed and then split to the downwind nodes of the cell itself by means of the fluctuation splitting N-scheme of [2]. The resulting first-order-accurate algorithm, accelerated by a standard FAS multigrid strategy using an optimal Runge-Kutta scheme as smoother [3] and combined with an adaptive grid-refinement technique [4], has been proven very accurate and efficient for solving complex flow problems in all regimes [1, 4, 5]. However, as demonstrated in [6], a model employing a number of waves higher than the number of equations fails in satisfying the linearity preservation property introduced in [2], which guarantees that all properties (order of accuracy, monotonicity) of the scalar space discretization schemes are retained when solving the entire system. As a consequence, the accuracy of the six-wave fluctuation splitting method is limited to first order, and a significant amount of numerical entropy is generated at solid walls. For such a reason, the extension to the solution of viscous flow problems seems unfeasible and the simple wave methodology has been recently abandoned in favour of using a characteristic decomposition model, which satisfies the linearity preservation property cited above.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Wave-based Methodology"
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Ermakov, Andrei, Zain Anwar Ali, Kumars Mahmoodi, Oliver Mason, and John V. Ringwood. "A Frequency Domain-Based Control Methodology for Performance Assessment and Optimisation of Heterogeneous Arrays of Wave Energy Converters." In 2024 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA), 584–89. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccta60707.2024.10666578.
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Falkner, B., H. Zhou, and A. Mehta. "A Machine Learning Based Traveling Wave Antenna Development Methodology." In 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aps/ursi47566.2021.9704305.
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Gao, Hao. "mm-Wave Broadband Amplifier Design Methodology in Silicon-Based Technology." In 2021 IEEE MTT-S International Wireless Symposium (IWS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iws52775.2021.9499677.
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Ruan, Pingqiao, Yanfang Liu, Feng Gao, Huijuan Zhao, and Meng Jin. "A continuous-wave mode elliptic-region-based DOT methodology based on BEM-diffusion modeling." In SPIE BiOS: Biomedical Optics, edited by Bruce J. Tromberg, Arjun G. Yodh, Mamoru Tamura, Eva M. Sevick-Muraca, and Robert R. Alfano. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.807900.
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Zondi, S., P. Bokoro, and B. Paul. "EMTP-based analysis of pre-insertion resistor and point on wave switching methodology." In IEEE AFRICON 2015. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2015.7331936.
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Hasan Khan, Md Rakib, H. Bora Karayaka, Yanjun Yan, Peter Tay, and Yi-Hsiang Yu. "Wave Excitation Force Prediction Methodology Based on Autoregressive Filters for Real Time Control." In 2019 IEEE Green Technologies Conference(GreenTech). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/greentech.2019.8767127.
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Martin, Bruce, and Oriol Rijken. "A Methodology for Calculating Wave Crest Enhancement in Extreme Seas." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11387.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The deck height of a tension leg platform or semi-submersible depends in large part on the expected crest height. This expected crest height is the result of the sea state, i.e. the incoming wave train, and local enhancement due to the vessels diffraction of the wave train. These local enhancements are usually determined by a combination of numerical computations and model tests. Quite often a crest enhancement factor is defined which takes into consideration these local amplification effects. Extrapolating the enhancement factor from extreme conditions to survival conditions may lead to significantly large crests and result in a very high deck elevation. Many studies, including the CresT JIP address the characteristics of the crests within a given sea state and in the absence of a vessel. This paper addresses the effect of the presence of a vessel on the crest heights, and in particular the high crests which will ultimately determine deck height. The paper is based on experimental measurements of wave elevations underneath and around various tension leg platforms and semi submersibles. The investigated sea states comprise of a series of long crested irregular waves, generated in a model basin, which describe extreme and survival conditions in the Gulf of Mexico. The crest heights underneath the vessel are measured and compared with crests which occur without the presence of the vessel. Numerical predictions of the local amplification are also made, based on 1st order diffraction analysis and the as-measured incident wave train. A narrative is provided on the differences in crest height and observed phenomena.
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Teng, YihJeng, Jaime HuiChoo Tan, Jang Kim, Hyunchul Jang, Ho-Joon Lim, Johyun Kyoung, and Nicolas Tcherniguin. "Methodology of Simulating Spread-Moored FPSO Green Water Using CFD-Based Numerical Wave Basin." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. Offshore Technology Conference, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/30349-ms.
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Sahadewa, A., D. Zekkos, and R. D. Woods. "Observations from the Implementation of a Combined Active and Passive Surface Wave Based Methodology." In GeoCongress 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412121.285.
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Liu, Xiao, and Yong Liu. "A New Methodology for Generation of Solitary Water Waves in Laboratory." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18537.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In this article, a very simple system based on the enhanced dam-break flows was proposed and implemented to generate solitary wave with larger relative wave height (the ratio of wave height to water depth) in a laboratory flume. The experimental results showed that stable waves with the solitary wave profiles were successfully generated in the wave flume. The wave surface elevations were recorded by a series of wave gauges, and the fluid velocity field of the solitary wave was measured by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system. The measurements of solitary wave profile, celerity and horizontal fluid velocity were also compared with the predictions by three different solitary wave theories. Results demonstrated that the present simple system was reliable and effective for the generation of solitary waves in laboratory.
Звіти організацій з теми "Wave-based Methodology"
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Abdolmaleki, Kourosh. PR-453-134504-R05 On Bottom Stability Upgrade - MS III. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012195.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The extension of the PRCI on bottom stability (OBS) software's applicability to shallow water is assessed. Version 3 of the software has a limitation on water depth; only depths greater than 6 m (20 ft) are accepted. This limitation is likely related to the increasing inaccuracy of linear wave theory as the wave height to water depth ratio increases, as well as caution about breaking wave limits. The usage of linear wave theory inside the software can be categorized into two different types: � Linear regular waves - these are used in the Level 1 module to determine the motions of the water particles as part of the calculation of the hydrodynamic forces; � Linear irregular waves - these are present in the Level 2, Level 3 and ASM modules, where the surface wave energy spectra are converted to the near-seabed wave velocities through the use of a transfer function based on linear wave theory. It is noted that for irregular waves, all wave spectral formulations currently implemented in the OBS software, do not account for water depth. This document addresses the finite water depth and shallow water restrictions and presents a discussion and investigation in two categories: 1. The direct use of the linear theory to describe waves in the Level 1 calculation module; and 2. The direct use of linear spectral transfer functions in the Level 2, Level 3, and ASM modules. The scope of this activity is to prepare a solution for consideration by PRCI and implement the agreed course of action. The solution proposed will be based on the continued use of the linear wave theory. It is noted that higher order wave theories would be more appropriate for shallow water conditions, but due to the currently established methodology in the software, implementation of higher order wave theory is not included within this scope.
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Hudson, Austin, Hans Moritz, and Jarod Norton. Sediment mobility, closure depth, and the littoral system – Oregon and Washington coast. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45346.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Forty years ago, the depth of closure concept was introduced to provide a systematic, process-based approach to evaluate seasonal changes in cross-shore profiles and sediment mobility in the nearshore. This study aims to extend that theory by directly considering wave-asymmetry in the nearshore environment. This technical note introduces a methodology to calculate wave induced dispersal of dredged material placed in nearshore sites and summarizes analyses validating the approach using data from the South Jetty Site at the Mouth of the Columbia River. This investigation highlights the notion of a cross-shore gradient in nearshore placement effectiveness of dredged material that can assist project managers plan and execute sustainable sediment management practices at coastal inlets.
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Rahmani, Mehran, Xintong Ji, and Sovann Reach Kiet. Damage Detection and Damage Localization in Bridges with Low-Density Instrumentations Using the Wave-Method: Application to a Shake-Table Tested Bridge. Mineta Transportation Institute, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2033.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study presents a major development to the wave method, a methodology used for structural identification and monitoring. The research team tested the method for use in structural damage detection and damage localization in bridges, the latter being a challenging task. The main goal was to assess capability of the improved method by applying it to a shake-table-tested prototype bridge with sparse instrumentation. The bridge was a 4-span reinforced concrete structure comprising two columns at each bent (6 columns total) and a flat slab. It was tested to failure using seven biaxial excitations at its base. Availability of a robust and verified method, which can work with sparse recording stations, can be valuable for detecting damage in bridges soon after an earthquake. The proposed method in this study includes estimating the shear (cS) and the longitudinal (cL) wave velocities by fitting an equivalent uniform Timoshenko beam model in impulse response functions of the recorded acceleration response. The identification algorithm is enhanced by adding the model’s damping ratio to the unknown parameters, as well as performing the identification for a range of initial values to avoid early convergence to a local minimum. Finally, the research team detect damage in the bridge columns by monitoring trends in the identified shear wave velocities from one damaging event to another. A comprehensive comparison between the reductions in shear wave velocities and the actual observed damages in the bridge columns is presented. The results revealed that the reduction of cS is generally consistent with the observed distribution and severity of damage during each biaxial motion. At bents 1 and 3, cS is consistently reduced with the progression of damage. The trends correctly detected the onset of damage at bent 1 during biaxial 3, and damage in bent 3 during biaxial 4. The most significant reduction was caused by the last two biaxial motions in bents 1 and 3, also consistent with the surveyed damage. In bent 2 (middle bent), the reduction trend in cS was relatively minor, correctly showing minor damage at this bent. Based on these findings, the team concluded that the enhanced wave method presented in this study was capable of detecting damage in the bridge and identifying the location of the most severe damage. The proposed methodology is a fast and inexpensive tool for real-time or near real-time damage detection and localization in similar bridges, especially those with sparsely deployed accelerometers.
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Gore, Tim, Mira Alestig, Sabita Banerji, and Giorgia Ceccarelli. The Workers Behind Sweden's Italian Wine: An illustrative Human Rights Impact Assessment of Systembolaget's Italian wine supply chains. Oxfam, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7703.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper reports on an illustrative human rights impact assessment (HRIA) of the Italian wine supply chains of Systembolaget, the Swedish monopoly alcohol retailer. The HRIA aimed to evaluate the actual and potential human rights impacts at the production stage of the value chain in Italy, to identify their root causes, and to provide recommendations to relevant stakeholders concerning their prevention, mitigation and/or remediation. The assessment took just over a year and consisted of five phases of analysis using a methodology aligned with the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs). However, the onset of Italy’s severe first wave of coronavirus in 2020 meant that the assessment team was unable to conduct the field study phase with the full rigour required of an HRIA. The field phase started in September 2019, with an initial assessment phase based on a literature review and a round of stakeholder interviews from September 2019 to March 2020. Further, limited, worker interviews were conducted from October 2020 to January 2021. The result is an illustration of the human rights risks that are present in the areas of Italy from which Systembolaget sources its wine.
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Research, IFF. FSA and Official Controls: Research with Food Business Operators. Food Standards Agency, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.drn484.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Food Standards Agency (FSA) is an independent Government body, established in 2000 to protect public health and consumer interests in relation to food. The FSA is the Central Competent Authority (CCA) responsible for the delivery of official food and feed controls in England, Northern Ireland and Wales.. In Northern Ireland, officials from the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA) carry out meat hygiene official controls in approved establishments on behalf of the FSA. Food Business Operators (FBOs) in the dairy, meat and wine sectors have a direct relationship with the Food Standards Agency (FSA) via its Official Controls, including inspections, enforcement, advice and guidance. The FSA and local authorities work together deliver shellfish controls. The FSA is responsible for conducting sanitary surveys and awarding the classification status of production and relaying areas. Some FBOs in the shellfish sector have a direct relationship with the FSA in relation to its functions however local authorities are the primary point of contact for the majority. This research study – collecting the views of FBOs themselves – was intended to support the rollout of the OTP programme, and the implementation of Official Controls. The study entailed a quantitative survey of 400 FBOs based in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, followed by in-depth interviews with 60 FBOs. Fieldwork took place between June and August 2022. Questionnaire coverage included FBOs’ experience of working with the FSA, their understanding of what the FSA does, the impacts of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the UK’s exit from the European Union (EU), and their familiarity with the OTP. The methodology adopted a similar approach to the first wave of the research, conducted in 2020, to enable time series analysis. However, this 2022 wave of the research has expanded to include the views of FBOs in Northern Ireland and those in the shellfish sector.
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Hibbert, Angela, and Begona Pérez Gómez. Operational monitoring systems available at the three sites. EuroSea, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d5.9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tide gauges can capture sea level variability on multiple timescales, from high frequency events like waves, tides and tsunamis, to seasonal and interannual changes and the longer-term trends associated with Climate Change. However, financial constraints dictate that they are often maintained to lower standards than the stringent accuracy requirements demanded by the IOC-UNESCO’s Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS) for monitoring sea level rise. In addition, a sparsity of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers at the coast means that there are large uncertainties in rates of land motion at tide gauges, which also hampers the estimation of long-term sea level trends. Task 5.1.1 has devised prototype low maintenance tide gauge systems, powered by renewable energy and which monitor both land motion and sea level using novel techniques such as ground-based GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR). These systems eliminate the need for costly ongoing levelling exercises and also incorporate customisations to local monitoring needs, such as sensors for lightning detection and wave height. Despite a number of unforeseen setbacks, these prototype systems are now operating at 2 locations in the Mediterranean Sea and a third system is in transit to Colombia for installation by local stakeholders who have been trained in the installation methodology by the WP5 team. It is hoped that there is potential to advance these technological solutions as a global standard, via the GLOSS community. (EuroSea Deliverable, D5.9)
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Displacement in paradise: Hurricane Dorian slams the Bahamas. Internal Displacement Monitoring Center (IDMC), May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55363/idmc.jkmi8115.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hurricane Dorian, the strongest hurricane on record to hit the Bahamas, made landfall on Elbow Cay, east of Grand Abaco, on 1 September 2019. For three days, the category 5 storm battered Abaco and Grand Bahama, causing catastrophic damage and destroying houses that could not withstand such intensities. The storm surge of Dorian combined with a so-called 'king tide' generating a massive tidal wave up to seven metres high that flooded the low-lying islands. The destruction led to widespread displacement but minority groups, including LGBTIQ+ and unregistered Haitians, were unevenly impacted by the storm. Displacement following Hurricane Dorian was exceptional for the region, both in terms of the scale and patterns of movement. This study is based on a qualitative methodology, with 41 semi-structured interviews as well as participant observation. The report focuses on displacement geographically and by population groups, while examining the resulting obstacles to durable solutions on the hurricane-prone islands.