Готові списки джерел за темами / Water reuse Australia

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Water reuse Australia"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Water reuse Australia"

Law, Ian B., Jurgen Menge, and David Cunliffe. "Validation of the Goreangab Reclamation Plant in Windhoek, Namibia against the 2008 Australian Guidelines for Water Recycling." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 5, no. 1 (August 19, 2014): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2014.138.

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Australia has had Guidelines in place for water recycling (for all uses other than the augmentation of drinking water supplies) since 2006. These Guidelines were extended to cover potable reuse in May 2008 and have been applied to two potable reuse projects in Australia – one a trial plant in Perth, Western Australia and the second for a large AUD$2.6 × 109 scheme in Brisbane, Queensland. All reclamation plants in Australia must be ‘validated’ against the Australian Guidelines for Water Recycling prior to being put into operation. The majority of advanced reuse schemes incorporate the dual membrane process – microfiltration or ultrafiltration followed by reverse osmosis (RO) – in the treatment trains and while this membrane based treatment has been shown to produce a very high quality of product water, it does come at a cost and there is renewed interest in alternative treatment technologies that offer cost savings and are more sustainable. This paper uses data gathered in Australia from a range of advanced reclamation plants, as well as design and actual performance criteria from the Goreangab Plant, to ‘validate’ the latter and, given the longevity of the Windhoek direct potable reuse experience, lend support to more serious consideration of non-RO based plants for potable reuse applications.

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Hurlimann, A., D. Hes, M. Othman, and T. Grant. "Charting a new course for water—is black water reuse sustainable?" Water Supply 7, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2007): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2007.107.

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The world is facing a water crisis, and Australia is no exception. New regimes for the supply, use, and delivery of water are needed to ensure a sustainable water future. Black water reuse through ‘sewer mining’ or onsite treatment, proposes to be one initiative that may possibly offer a viable and sustainable alternative approach to water provision in many contexts. However, despite the potential benefits of black water reuse, its feasibility is not yet fully understood. In particular, there is much uncertainty surrounding the following issues: (1) community acceptance, (2) policy complexities, (3) performance impacts of these localised systems, and (4) environmental balance over the full life cycle. This paper outlines research needs surrounding black water reuse with a focus on these four major issues. The paper presents a research agenda to address these important issues. This research agenda involves two Australian commercial case studies: the Council House 2 building in Melbourne, and the Bendigo Bank building in Bendigo.

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Ho, G., S. Dallas, M. Anda, and K. Mathew. "On-site wastewater technologies in Australia." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 6 (September 1, 2001): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0346.

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Domestic wastewater reuse is currently not permitted anywhere in Australia but is widely supported by the community, promoted by researchers, and improvised by up to 20% of householders. Its widespread implementation will make an enormous contribution to the sustainability of water resources. Integrated with other strategies in the outdoor living environment of settlements in arid lands, great benefit will be derived. This paper describes six options for wastewater reuse under research by the Remote Area Developments Group (RADG) at Murdoch University and case studies are given where productive use is being made for revegetation and food production strategies at household and community scales. Pollution control techniques, public health precautions and maintenance requirements are described. The special case of remote Aboriginal communities is explained where prototype systems have been installed by RADG to generate windbreaks and orchards. New Australian design standards and draft guidelines for domestic greywater reuse produced by the Western Australian State government agencies for mainstream communities are evaluated. It is recommended that dry composting toilets be coupled with domestic greywater reuse and the various types available in Australia are described. For situations where only the flushing toilet will suffice the unique “wet composting” system can be used and this also is described. A vision for household and community-scale on-site application is presented.

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Law, Ian B. "An Australian perspective on DPR: technologies, sustainability and community acceptance." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 6, no. 3 (December 11, 2015): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2015.180.

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Australia has had guidelines in place for water recycling (for all uses other than potable reuse) since 2006. These guidelines were extended in May 2008 to cover potable reuse and have since been applied to two potable reuse schemes – one in Brisbane (Queensland) in 2011 and the second in Perth (Western Australia) in 2013. These guidelines cover both indirect potable reuse and direct potable reuse (DPR) and outline the steps that must be followed in the planning and validation of such schemes. This paper summarizes: (i) recent work carried out in Australia on treatment trains and technologies suitable for DPR; (ii) sustainability considerations of DPR and how it compares with other water supply options; and (iii) developments in community education and engagement in the potable reuse space.

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Crisp, Gary Jon. "Desalination and water reuse — sustainably drought proofing Australia." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 42 (2012): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2012.2836.

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Brammer, Timothy, Cameron Staib, Partha Susarla, and Dale Rohe. "Water Reuse Relieves Drought Effects in Queensland, Australia." IDA Journal of Desalination and Water Reuse 2, no. 3 (July 2010): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/ida.2010.2.3.60.

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Crisp, Gary Jon. "Desalination and water reuse—sustainably drought proofing Australia." Desalination and Water Treatment 42, no. 1-3 (April 2012): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2012.683250.

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Anderson, J. "The environmental benefits of water recycling and reuse." Water Supply 3, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0041.

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The world's supply of fresh water is finite and is threatened by pollution. Rising demands for water to supply agriculture, industry and cities are leading to competition over the allocation of limited fresh water resources. This paper examines how water reuse increases the available supply of water and enables human needs to be met with less fresh water. The paper is illustrated with water reuse case studies in agriculture, urban areas, industry and water resource supplementation in Australia and other countries. The links between water reuse and sustainable water management are examined. Water conservation and water reuse produce substantial environmental benefits, arising from reductions in water diversions, and reductions in the impacts of wastewater discharges on environmental water quality. Some examples are presented demonstrating the environmental benefits in quantitative terms. The paper also describes the economic and environmental benefits identified in a number of recent integrated water cycle planning studies in Australia.

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Burgess, Jo, Melissa Meeker, Julie Minton, and Mark O'Donohue. "International research agency perspectives on potable water reuse." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 1, no. 5 (2015): 563–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ew00165j.

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Kracman, B., R. Martin, and P. Sztajnbok. "The Virginia Pipeline: Australia's largest water recycling project." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 10 (May 1, 2001): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0573.

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The need to conserve, reuse and recycle water is becoming increasingly important for both environmental and economic reasons. The Virginia Pipeline is Australia's largest water recycling project. More than half the output from (the capital of South Australia) Adelaide's largest wastewater treatment plant is further treated to achieve a product water quality fit for irrigation of vegetable crops with minimal public health restrictions. The project partners have a vision to achieve total reuse. To achieve this vision, recycled water will need to be stored during cool weather periods when the demand for water is low. Temporary storage of this water in poor quality aquifers is the subject of a major research project.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Water reuse Australia"

Mars, Ross. "Using the submergent Triglochin huegelii for domestic greywater treatment." Thesis, Mars, Ross (2001) Using the submergent Triglochin huegelii for domestic greywater treatment. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2001. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/180/.

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In recent years, there has been increased interest in alternative and innovative technologies which are used in the treatment of wastewaters, with the aim of developing efficient systems which are low-cost and low maintenance. However, greywater reuse from domestic houses appears to have received very little attention and the role of indigenous wetland plants, especially submergents, in contributing to nutrient reduction in wastewater is largely unknown. Species of Triglochin, commonly known as water ribbons, are fast growing submergent macrophytes. In Western Australia, Triglochin huegelii is mainly a submergent plant but as water recedes, the leaves become emergent. Triglochin huegelii can tolerate a range of water regimes and high nutrient concentrations, and this is useful in wastewater treatment applications. The aims of this present study were to examine the use of Triglochin huegelii for domestic greywater treatment, to compare the effectiveness of this plant with other better known, and more frequently used, emergent macrophytes, and to investigate why Triglochin huegelii is so successful in nutrient accumulation. A series of investigations using Triglochin huegelii in greywater treatment experiments showed that Triglochin has consistently removed more nitrogen and phosphorus, in all parts of the plant - leaves, tubers and roots, than most other indigenous emergent macrophyte species, including those of Schoenoplectus, Baumea and Juncus which are commonly used for wastewater nutrient-stripping. In some cases, such as in the leaves, twice as much nitrogen (N) and one and a half times more phosphorus (P) is assimilated in the Triglochin tissue. In all parts of the plant there has been an increase in Total N and Total P. Investigations were conducted using different environmental conditions for the plants. A comparison was made between root zone (substrate-only) and complete pond conditions, with some changes to loading rate and retention times. Triglochin huegelii has many practical applications in wastewater management, especially if the level of influentlwastewater can be controlled, thus allowing sufficient time for Triglochin huegelii to respond with changed structure and morphology. Proline, a substance known to be produced by plants under stress (such as changing water levels), was detected in Triglochin huegelii. In a pond, the leaves of Triglochin can be directly involved in nutrient absorption and assimilation. A study of leaf structure and other aspects of its biology showed that nutrients can easily pass into leaf tissue and then into other regions in the plant. In Triglochin huegelii, nitrogen was primarily stored or found in leaves then tubers then roots, while levels of phosphorus were higher in tubers then roots then leaves. The above-ground:below-ground (AG:BG) ratio of Triglochin huegelii also depends on the water regime. For all samples, whether pond or substrateonly, the ratio was 0.84. However, when consideration is given to pond conditions the ratio increases to 1.11. It appears that in pond conditions, and especially with long retention times, proportionally more above-ground growth (leaves) occurs and in substrate-only conditions, proportionally more biomass is found below-ground, with the number and size of leaves reduced in these plants. The highest nutrient levels recorded for Triglochin huegelii were 11.74 mgP/g and 35.7 mgN/g dry weight. Triglochin huegelii has been found to have a protein content of at least 1.7 g/100 g wet weight in the leaves, and less in roots and tubers. Triglochin huegelii could have potential as a fodder source because of its high protein content, similar to that of lucerne. Triglochin huegelii seems to remove nitrogen and phosphorus at a greater rate than many other types of aquatic macrophytes. Other parameters such as BOD, Suspended Solids and fecal coliforms were also examined, with reductions of up to 90%, 84% and 99% respectively. The implication is that instead of only planting the perimeter of lagoons, artificial wetlands and constructed basins we should be planting the bulk of the waterway with submergent species such as Triglochin spp which are far more effective in stripping nutrients than emergents currently used for that purpose. In addition, systems need to be designed that mimic natural ecosystems, and yet are economical and functional. This current research can be used as a basis for further study to establish the extent of nutrient removal by Triglochin huegelii and its interactions with other macrophytes in polyculture systems.

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Mars, Ross. "Using the submergent Triglochin huegelii for domestic greywater treatment." Murdoch University, 2001. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070830.144808.

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In recent years, there has been increased interest in alternative and innovative technologies which are used in the treatment of wastewaters, with the aim of developing efficient systems which are low-cost and lowmaintenance. However, greywater reuse from domestic houses appears to have received very little attention and the role of indigenous wetland plants, especially submergents, in contributing to nutrient reduction in wastewater is largely unknown. Species of Triglochin, commonly known as water ribbons, are fast growing submergent macrophytes. In Western Australia, Triglochin huegelii is mainly a submergent plant but as water recedes, the leaves become emergent. Triglochin huegelii can tolerate a range of water regimes and high nutrient concentrations, and this is useful in wastewater treatment applications. The aims of this present study were to examine the use of Triglochin huegelii for domestic greywater treatment, to compare the effectiveness of this plant with other better known, and more frequently used, emergent macrophytes, and to investigate why Triglochin huegelii is so successful in nutrient accumulation. A series of investigations using Triglochin huegelii in greywater treatment experiments showed that Triglochin has consistently removed more nitrogen and phosphorus, in all parts of the plant - leaves, tubers and roots, than most other indigenous emergent macrophyte species, including those of Schoenoplectus, Baumea and Juncus which are commonly used for wastewater nutrient-stripping. In some cases, such as in the leaves, twice as much nitrogen (N) and one and a half times more phosphorus (P) is assimilated in the Triglochin tissue. In all parts of the plant there has been an increase in Total N and Total P. Investigations were conducted using different environmental conditions for the plants. A comparison was made between root zone (substrate-only) and complete pond conditions, with some changes to loading rate and retention times. Triglochin huegelii has many practical applications in wastewater management, especially if the level of influentlwastewater can be controlled, thus allowing sufficient time for Triglochin huegelii to respond with changed structure and morphology. Proline, a substance known to be produced by plants under stress (such as changing water levels), was detected in Triglochin huegelii. In a pond, the leaves of Triglochin can be directly involved in nutrient absorption and assimilation. A study of leaf structure and other aspects of its biology showed that nutrients can easily pass into leaf tissue and then into other regions in the plant. In Triglochin huegelii, nitrogen was primarily stored or found in leaves then tubers then roots, while levels of phosphorus were higher in tubers then roots then leaves. The above-ground:below-ground (AG:BG) ratio of Triglochin huegelii also depends on the water regime. For all samples, whether pond or substrateonly, the ratio was 0.84. However, when consideration is given to pond conditions the ratio increases to 1.11. It appears that in pond conditions, and especially with long retention times, proportionally more above-ground growth (leaves) occurs and in substrate-only conditions, proportionally more biomass is found below-ground, with the number and size of leaves reduced in these plants. The highest nutrient levels recorded for Triglochin huegelii were 11.74 mgP/g and 35.7 mgN/g dry weight. Triglochin huegelii has been found to have a protein content of at least 1.7 g/100 g wet weight in the leaves, and less in roots and tubers. Triglochin huegelii could have potential as a fodder source because of its high protein content, similar to that of lucerne. Triglochin huegelii seems to remove nitrogen and phosphorus at a greater rate than many other types of aquatic macrophytes. Other parameters such as BOD, Suspended Solids and fecal coliforms were also examined, with reductions of up to 90%, 84% and 99% respectively. The implication is that instead of only planting the perimeter of lagoons, artificial wetlands and constructed basins we should be planting the bulk of the waterway with submergent species such as Triglochin spp which are far more effective in stripping nutrients than emergents currently used for that purpose. In addition, systems need to be designed that mimic natural ecosystems, and yet are economical and functional. This current research can be used as a basis for further study to establish the extent of nutrient removal by Triglochin huegelii and its interactions with other macrophytes in polyculture systems.

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Cordell, Dana. "Urine Diversion & Reuse in Australia : A homeless paradigm or sustainable solution for the future?" Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8310.

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Diverting urine from faeces or mixed wastewater and reusing it to fertilize crops, is a traditional method used in Asia. It is also a contemporary approach to sustainable nutrient and water management in Scandinavia and other parts of Europe. Urine diversion and reuse is a proven socio-technical system that has significant potential benefits on both a local and global scale, such as recirculating scarce plant nutrients like phosphorus back to agriculture, reducing eutrophication of waterways and improving water and sanitation systems. This thesis explores the nature of these benefits in Australia and the global context and what barriers would need to be overcome if a urine diversion and reuse system were implemented in Australia to achieve significant environmental benefits. These questions are investigated through stakeholder interviews in Sweden, to identify the ‘lessons learnt’ from the Swedish experience with urine diversion and reuse, and, through interviews with relevant stakeholders in Australia to identify possible barriers and opportunities, costs and benefits, and roles and responsibilities in the Australian context. Findings from both the stakeholder interviews are triangulated with other sources of knowledge, such as the literature, personal communications and a qualitative assessment of costs and benefits.

This thesis found that while urine diversion is likely to benefit the Australia situation and warrants further research, these benefits are fragmented and spread across a range of discourses and separate institutions. Its acceptance and effective introduction into Australia might therefore be challenged by its lack of a single obvious organisational home. To overcome this and other identified challenges, several recommendations are made. For example, an Australian demonstration trial of urine diversion and reuse is recommended where clear drivers and opportunities exist, such as: in new developments adjacent to agricultural land; in regions where algal blooms are a critical problem and are predominantly caused by municipal sewage discharges; and where synergies with waterless urinals are being considered for water conservation value. This thesis does not promote urine diversion and reuse as the ‘silver bullet’ to Australia’s water and nutrient problems, however it does recommend that it be considered on an equal basis next to other possible options. For example, if reducing nutrient loads on receiving water bodies is a key objective, then a cost-effective analysis of urine diversion and reuse, compared to other options to reduce nutrient loads, could be undertaken, ensuring all relevant costs and benefits to the whole of society are included in the analysis.

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Reed, Deborah A. "Spatial and temporal biogeochemical changes of groundwater associated with managed aquifer recharge in two different geographical areas." University of Western Australia. School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0074.

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[Truncated abstract] Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) is a technique that can be used to capture and store water in aquifers for later reuse. This method recycles water that would normally be lost or discarded to the environment. MAR has been observed to have the potential for improving the quality of recharged water through a combination of physical, chemical and biological processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in groundwater microbial population structure during MAR and the major influences that drive these population changes. Biogeochemical MAR studies have the potential to assist in the improved prediction of the removal of contaminants such as nutrients, pathogens and trace organics from the recharged water. Biological clogging during recharge also has the potential to overwhelm an aquifers ability to process wastewater thus reducing the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer. Therefore further research into the spatial and temporal biogeochemical processes that occur during MAR is required. The geochemical and microbial population dynamics of two contrasting MAR techniques were investigated at two different geographical locations (Perth, Western Australia and Adelaide, South Australia). These MAR sites contained aquifers of dissimilar properties that were recharged with wastewater that contrasted in water quality. The Perth MAR site received secondary treated effluent which continuously infiltrated the unsaturated zone into an unconfined aquifer aided by infiltration galleries. Reclaimed water was extracted from a well at distance from the infiltration gallery. ... Notably the background and recovered water was most dissimilar in microbial and chemical population structure to that described for the infiltration gallery and injection well. Microbial and chemical evidence suggested that the background and extraction well groundwater were unaffected by plume migration. These results suggested that extraction well groundwater was similar in quality to that of ambient groundwater. Significant geochemical and microbial changes of secondary treated effluent during infiltration and lateral movement through aquifer were implicated in addition to the forced hydraulic gradient created from extracting fives time the volume of infiltrating wastewater. This study demonstrated that microbial populations and the geochemical processes associated with MAR can be studied and compared. Multivariate statistical methodology greatly simplified a vast array of dynamic biogeochemical information that could be dissected for meaningful interpretation over distance and time. The study evaluated the major biogeochemical influences which resulted in microbial and geochemical changes where it was noted that microbial populations were more dynamic than geochemical variation over time. Additionally biogeochemical comparative analysis indicated that microbial populations could change in population structure before a shift in aquifer geochemistry was detected. It is anticipated that the results from this study will benefit further research into the biogeochemical processes involved in water quality changes (e.g. nutrient removal, pathogen decay and biodegradation of trace organics) as well as controlling biological clogging of MAR schemes.

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Chen, Z. "A novel standardized assessment for the new end uses of recycled water schemes." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10453/28069.

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University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology.
Nowadays, recycled water has provided sufficient flexibility to satisfy short-term freshwater needs and increase the reliability of long-term water supplies in many water scarce areas. It becomes an essential component of integrated water resources management. However, the current applications of recycled water are still quite limited with non-potable purposes such as irrigation, industrial uses, toilet flushing, car washing and environmental flows. There is a potential to exploit and develop new end uses of recycled water in both urban and rural areas. This can contribute largely to freshwater savings, wastewater reduction and water sustainability. This thesis put forwards a conceptual decision making framework for the systematic feasibility assessment of sustainable water management strategies in related to new end uses of recycled water’s planning, establishment and implementation. Due to the transparency, objectivity and comprehensiveness, the analytic framework can facilitate the optional management strategy selection process within a larger context of the community, processes, and models in recycled water decision-making. Based on that, a simplified quantitative Multi-criteria Analysis (MCA) was conducted in Rouse Hill Development Area (RHDA), Sydney, Australia, using the Multi-attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) technique. The results indicated that recycled water for a household laundry was the optimum solution which best satisfied the overall evaluation criteria. Another two management options can be excluded from further consideration in initial stages, namely the implementation of Level 1 water restriction on the use of recycled water and recycled water for swimming pools. With the identified strengths of recycled water use in washing machines, five relevant management alternatives were proposed according to different recycled water treatment technologies such as microfiltration (MF), granular activated carbon (GAC) or reverse osmosis (RO), and types of washing machines (WMs). Accordingly, a comprehensive quantitative assessment on the trade-off among a variety of issues (e.g., technical, risk, social, environmental and economic aspects) was performed over the alternatives. Overall, the MF treated recycled water coupled with new washing machines and the MF-GAC treated recycled water coupled with existing washing machines were shown to be preferred options. The results could provide a powerful guidance for sustainable water reuse in the long term. However, more detailed field trials and investigations are still needed to understand, predict and manage the impact of selected recycled water new end use alternatives effectively. Notably, public acceptability becomes important to ensure the successful development of recycled water new application in household laundries. This thesis addresses social issues by extensive social attitude surveys conducted in three locations of Australia, namely Port Macquarie, Melbourne and Sydney. Based on responses from Port Macquarie and Melbourne, the regression models provide conclusions about which characteristics are more likely to lead to the acceptance of recycled water from society. Three attitudinal variables (i.e., recycled water is an alternative to drinking water, attitude and cost) and three psychological variables (i.e., odour, reading and a small treatment unit) were found to be the key driving forces behind domestic water reuse behaviour. Comparatively, survey results in Sydney indicated slightly different aspects of concern. Due to experience in current use on dual pipe systems, Sydney residents interviewed have established good cognitions on the appearance and cost of recycled water. They were more concerned about the colour of clothes and potential damage to washing machines. The overall findings could drive future research to achieve a better public perception of the new end uses of recycled water. Moreover, the thesis also demonstrates the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of applying a zeolite filtration column as an effective ion-exchange resin for recycled water softening prior to use in washing machines. At the laboratory scale, the column service life for a typical washing machine was approximately one month without material regeneration on the basis of an optimal contact time (i.e., 5 minutes) and the calculated breakthrough capacity (i.e., 14 milligram hardness ions per gram of zeolites). It is believed that with a full application at households, this unit is likely to play a positive role in guaranteeing the recycled water quality as well as changing the public perception on the safe use of recycled water.

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Keremane, Ganesh. "Urban wastewater reuse for agriculture: governance paradigms and institutional arrangements in Australia and India." 2007. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/unisa:38315.

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This study examines different governance models for urban wastewater reuse in Australia and India. The study analyses the role of different societal sectors-public, private, and the community in provision and use of wastewater for irrigation. It encompasses three case studies representing different models of governance: (1) Virginia pipeline scheme built on the BOOT model, (2) Willunga pipeline scheme built on the divesture model, and (3) Musi irrigation scheme representing the case of unsupported community wastewater reuse.

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Rabone, Fiona Ann. "The challenge of implementing water harvesting and reuse in South Australian towns." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/51216.

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Water is precious, particularly in South Australia, the driest State in Australia, with over 80% of its land area receiving less than 250mm of rainfall per year. Security of water supply has always played a critical role in the economic and social development of South Australia, and will continue to do so while dependency on water from the River Murray is so high and there is competition over this from states and for different uses – municipal, irrigation, industry, and the environment. The drive towards sustainable development has evolved to attenuate overconsumption of the world’s natural resources of which water is a key element. Provision of reliable water supplies to regional South Australia has always presented challenges, given the vast distances involved and the limited number of natural water sources. Despite these, a majority of South Australians enjoy the benefit of a reliable and safe water supply, adequate waste disposal system, good community health and high standard of living. A challenge remains to determine the sustainability of current major water pipe transfer systems from remote resources to small communities. There may be scope for managing existing water supplies more effectively and further developing local water harvesting and reuse solutions to minimise the need for more significant infrastructure investment. This study investigates the challenges and opportunities for extending development of non-potable (secondary) water supply schemes in South Australian towns. These schemes will conserve the State’s freshwater resources. The primary focus of this study is harnessing stormwater runoff and treated effluent generated by normal township development to supplement higher quality public water for uses such as irrigation of public areas and sporting fields in country areas. Water harvesting and reuse is not likely to occur due to some technological breakthrough but through application of known technology and the adoption of water conscious ethics by society. However, it is a sensible reality for the South Australian climate, particularly when coupled with appropriate conservation and suitable landscaping practices. Thus, the major theme of this study is information sharing since if people are familiar with and understand the concepts then more communities may be encouraged to develop their resources. Water reuse has proven to be a beneficial strategy for addressing stormwater runoff and wastewater disposal problems and alleviating localised water supply problems for several South Australian towns and communities. The existing projects demonstrate both the strong community-based and innovative approach to water resources management in this state. They are inherently simple in form, and can often be assembled with readily available materials by people with a basic understanding of plumbing and construction skills (locally available). The potential for localised water harvesting and reuse in South Australian towns is generally limited to single purpose communal non-potable systems. Further, it is likely to only be sustainable in rural communities willing to make a commitment to its long term, proper operation and maintenance, or they could endanger public health.
http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1283773
Thesis (M.Eng.Sc.) - University of Adelaide, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2007

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Puttyfoot, Bronwyn Louise Yvonne. "The impact of wastewater irrigation on soils in the ACT." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155807.

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Degrading catchments and water shortages are the most immediate and arguably the biggest environmental issues affecting the world today. In recent years, wastewater irrigation has gained popular support as a substitute to irrigation of potable water. The use of wastewater for irrigation is considered beneficial recycling of a limited resource; in this case freshwater within Australia. Although it has economic, environmental and social benefits, it is sometimes questioned as an environmentally sound method, because wastewater irrigation has been shown to change the chemical, physical and biological properties of soil. Soil is an excellent medium for the removal of some contaminants in wastewater. However, there is a lack of in-depth knowledge and the need for further research into the influence of site conditions and climate which may inhibit the performance of the wastewater irrigation scheme. This research is focused on determining the impacts of wastewater irrigation on the chemical and physical properties of the soils at selected sites within the Australian Capital Territory. Specifically, this study of wastewater irrigation of urban greenspaces sets out to (a) determine the differences in chemical and physical properties of the irrigated soils to nearby control sites for a single time slice, and (b) evaluate any changes that occurred over a six-year monitoring period. Temporal data analysis for a six-year monitoring period of Southwell Park and North Canberra Water Reuse Scheme revealed some broadscale trends in the chemical and physical properties of wastewater-irrigated soils. Generally, the chemical properties pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and nutrients have increased and the physical property hydraulic conductivity has decreased over the monitoring period. Non-wastewater-irrigated (control) soils were used to provide background concentrations to assess the extent of change as a result of wastewater irrigation. This study found that soil pH, total phosphorus (TP), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and sodium significantly increased from application of wastewater. Soil hydraulic conductivity and permeability were significantly reduced by the application of wastewater. The application of wastewater to land increased soil pH, EC, chloride, organic carbon, total nitrogen (TN), TP, nitrate, total oxidised nitrogen (NOx), bulk density, ESP, sodium, calcium and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and reduced the levels of nitrite, hydraulic conductivity, soil permeability, magnesium, aluminium and P sorption. Ammonia, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and potassium showed no variation between the sites irrigated with wastewater and the control sites. This research found that responses to the soil chemical and physical properties occurred, some of which could be tentatively attributed to wastewater irrigation, but other factors were also contributing. The influence of climate, contrasting ratios of wastewater to potable water used for irrigation, and other management strategies were important factors that emerged during this research. These factors not only represented important constraints but also clarified the specific role that wastewater irrigation played in defining soil characteristics. Climate was a dominant factor in defining soil chemical and physical properties. Under high evaporation, if there were going to be negative impacts imposed by wastewater irrigation, then this is when they would be most pronounced. The responses under wastewater irrigation are independent to the ratio of wastewater to potable water used for irrigation. The responses observed at the Belconnen Magpies Golf Course, which uses 100% wastewater for irrigation, were also observed at the other study sites. Because wastewater irrigation is not the dominant factor controlling soil properties, additional land-management strategies are playing a crucial role. Those strategies occurring pene-contemporaneously with wastewater irrigation include: the use of sites for recreation with consequent impacts on soil compaction and hydraulic conductivity, and the application of a range of agri-chemicals to optimise soil fertility and plant growth. Overall, it can be concluded that the wastewater irrigation is not the dominant factor controlling the soil chemical and physical properties. Although the soils in the study area have experienced physical and chemical changes following wastewater irrigation, the soils have so far retained most of their functions. Land application of wastewater at the study sites has been shown to cause no negative effects on the environment. Therefore, the wastewater irrigation on soils within the Australian Capital Territory is sustainable and does not adversely affect the chemical and physical properties of the soils.

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Aiken, Jane Tracy, University of Western Sydney, College of Health and Science, and School of Natural Sciences. "A soil microbial response to urban wastewater application : bacterial communities and soil salinity." 2006. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/29055.

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Soils research at the University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Campus, was undertaken to investigate bacterial communities and soil salinity in an applied study. Microbial ecology was used to inform an understanding of conditions in soil irrigated with treated effluent. Several hypotheses were investigated examining changes in ecological organization conducted under laboratory and field conditions. Results indicated that relative abundance distributions for candidate forms of the bacteria community associated with higher and lower salinity, as defined using canonical correlation analysis, were reproducible between laboratory incubation experiments and field samples. The investigation is the first to apply the ecological parameter of richness and abundance to a study of microbial communities and their environment in order to determine soil conditions for sites irrigated with treated effluent. The thesis tests the theory and application of applying quantitative ecology to microbial community analysis.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Mekala, Gayathri Devi. "A Framework for Determining and Establishing the Factors that affect Wastewater Treatment and Recycling." Thesis, 2009. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/24510/.

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In this study an assessment of the factors that influence the degree to which a city or community would undertake wastewater treatment and use the output for various purposes is investigated. In assessing these issues two contrasting case studies of wastewater treatment and recycling are studied namely Hyderabad, India (representing a developing country context) and Melbourne, Australia (representing a developed country context). An improved understanding of both these wastewater systems, across different economic and social contexts was found and placed within a single decision making framework.

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Книги з теми "Water reuse Australia"

Stevens, Daryl, ed. Growing Crops with Reclaimed Wastewater. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643093522.

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This comprehensive work examines the fundamentals required for reclaimed water schemes to deliver sustainable farming operations that achieve the yield and quality of produce necessary for acceptance in the market. Growing Crops with Reclaimed Wastewater reviews the historical background of water treatment, its use and disposal from Australian wastewater treatment facilities and the technologies now utilised to treat our wastewater for reuse. The major concerns of chemical, physical and pathological qualities of reclaimed water are addressed, ensuring that the environmental, economic and social requirements of today’s society are met. It reviews the state and national regulatory requirements and guidelines that have made Australia a world leader in the management of reclaimed water and also examines the guidance in the United States of America (Federal) and in California, the World Health Organization guidance and the situation in Israel. This is the first time such a definitive review has been produced on the use of wastewater for horticulture and it will be a key tool for decision makers, researchers and practitioners to understand the main issues and constraints. It will be of particular interest to agricultural scientists, waste and horticulture consultants, engineers, planners, state agencies, environmental officers and students.

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UNEP International Environmental Technology Centre. and Murdoch University, eds. Workbook for training in adopting, applying and operating environmentally sound technologies (ESTS): Regional workshop implemented 8-13 December 1997 in Perth, Australia. Osaka/Shiga: UNEP International Environmental Technology Centre, 1998.

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Financial management: Australia's Finance Information on Resource Management (FIRM) system and lessons learned. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1997.

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Частини книг з теми "Water reuse Australia"

Tortajada, Cecilia, and John C. Radcliffe. "Potable Water Reuse in Australia." In The Palgrave Handbook of Climate Resilient Societies, 347–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42462-6_80.

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Tortajada, Cecilia, and John C. Radcliffe. "Potable Water Reuse in Australia." In The Palgrave Handbook of Climate Resilient Societies, 1–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32811-5_80-1.

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Keremane, Ganesh. "Water Governance and Wastewater Reuse in Australia and India." In Governance of Urban Wastewater Reuse for Agriculture, 23–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55056-5_3.

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Wu, Zhifang, Jennifer McKay, and Ganesh Keremane. "Stormwater Reuse for Sustainable Cities: The South Australian Experience." In Water Science and Technology Library, 137–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8878-6_11.

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der Sterren, M. van, A. Rahman, and G. R. Dennis. "Rainwater Harvesting Systems in Australia." In Ecological Water Quality - Water Treatment and Reuse. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/35382.

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"Liquid Waste Management Practices and the Efficient Reuse Strategies with Reference to Melbourne, Australia." In Water, 163–82. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11005-13.

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Wu, Zhifang, and Ganesh Keremane. "Governance of Nonconventional Water Sources: South Australian Urban Community Views on Ownership, Trust, and Pricing." In Urban Water Reuse Handbook, 949–57. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19646-90.

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"Governance of Nonconventional Water Sources: South Australian Urban Community Views on Ownership, Trust, and Pricing." In Urban Water Reuse Handbook, 985–94. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19646-93.

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Horne, James. "Policy issues confronting Australian urban water reuse." In Water Reuse Policies for Potable Use, 74–90. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315205489-7.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Water reuse Australia"

El Dalati, Rouba, Pierre Matar, Emile Youssef, Sylvie Yotte, Farah Homsi, and Saiid Haykal. "Recommendations for Recycling, Processing and Reuse of Concrete." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43401.

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Some countries started to recycle concrete materials for reuse in structural or other issues. Some of them, like Germany, Australia and Canada have established their own recommendation guide for recycling concrete [1,2]. The recycling consists of crushing old concrete into aggregates, and then processing it into new mixture using recycled aggregates with specified sizes [3,4]. The aim of this recycling is to save nature from deforestation and dryness, by reducing the need to gravel and so the quarries work, and also to economize the waste management [5,6]. The present research work consists of an experimental study assessing the impact of using recycled aggregates on the concrete behavior and on the country’s economy. We are especially interested in determining the best composition for the new mixture of concrete resulting from reusing different types of recycled aggregates. Different types of tests have been done depending on the aggregates sizes, their origin and their state (burned or safe). The analysis is based on the comparison between compressive strength, water-cement ratio, slump, porosity and durability. Otherwise, the impact on economy is analyzed, a priori, by studying the effect of reducing the cost of the resulting concrete on construction spending. The resulted recommendations indicate the sizes of aggregates which may constitute the best composition for recycling and processing concrete, and the best use for each type of concrete depending on behavior and economy effect.

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Le, Hiep, and Scott Chalmers. "Australia's First Build Own Operate CSG Produced Water Treatment and Beneficial Reuse Project." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/174991-ms.

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