Статті в журналах: "Water quality measurement"

1

MACEKOVÁ, Ľudmila, and Matej ŽIGA. "THE WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK CONCEPT FOR MEASUREMENT OF WATER QUALITY IN WATER STREAMS." Acta Electrotechnica et Informatica 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15546/aeei-2014-0020.

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2

Muto, Giichi. "Some Ploblems on Water Quality Measurement." Japan journal of water pollution research 8, no. 11 (1985): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.2965/jswe1978.8.689.

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3

Kwak, Pill Jae, Seog Ku Kim, Sang Leen Yun, Sung Won Kang, Hyun Dong Lee, Keun Ho Yang, Hee Jae Oh, and Young Sung Kim. "Development of Multiple Water Quality Measurement Devices." Materials Science Forum 695 (July 2011): 606–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.695.606.

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The water quality measurement device that we developed measures pH, water temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and nitrate. And it measures all parameters simultaneously. The water resistant and screw packing technology also applied for improved mechanical reliability during water quality monitoring. A comparison between the performances of major company products (YSI, Hydrolab etc.) and this device don't provide a stark contrast. This device was verified through the KOREA’s Environmental Examination Methods. This device is offered reliable and cost-effective water quality monitoring solutions. Upgrades will be available and will include the technologies that are self-cleaning optical sensors with integrated wipers remove biofouling and maintain high data accuracy and optimal power management and built-in battery compartment extends in situ monitoring periods.

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4

Goda, Takeshi. "Monitoring and measurement of water quality parameters." International Journal of Water Resources Development 4, no. 4 (December 1988): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900628808722401.

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5

., Priyanka N. Bande. "A SURVEY OF WATER QUALITY MEASUREMENT SENSORS." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 05, no. 06 (June 25, 2016): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2016.0506031.

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6

IFUKU, Makoto, Teruya MASUMOTO, Hikaru SAEKI, and Masato NAKATA. "CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF WATER QUALITY WITH WATER-QUALITY PROFILING SYSTEM AT NOMURA RESERVOIR." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering) 67, no. 4 (2011): I_1567—I_1572. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejhe.67.i_1567.

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7

Chen, Chiung-Hsing, Yi-Chen Wu, Jia-Xiang Zhang, and Ying-Hsiu Chen. "IoT-Based Fish Farm Water Quality Monitoring System." Sensors 22, no. 17 (September 5, 2022): 6700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176700.

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Typhoons in summer and cold snaps during winter in Taiwan often cause huge aquaculture losses. Simultaneously, the lack of human resources is a problem. Therefore, we used wireless transmission technology with various sensors to transmit the temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen, water level, and life expectancy of the sensor in the fish farm to the server. The integrated data are transmitted to mobile devices through the Internet of Things, enabling administrators to monitor the water quality in a fish farm through mobile devices. Because the current pH sensors cannot be submerged in the liquid for a long time for measurements, human resources and time are required to take the instrument to each fish farm for testing at a fixed time. Therefore, a robotic arm was developed to complete automatic measurement and maintenance actions. We designed this arm with a programmable logic controller, a single chip combined with a wireless transmission module, and an embedded system. This system is divided into control, measurement, server, and mobility. The intelligent measurement equipment designed in this study can work 24 h per day, which effectively reduces the losses caused by personnel, material resources, and data errors.

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8

Oberoi, K., S. Purohit, P. A. Verma, A. Deshmukh, S. Saran, and P. Chauhan. "GEOSPATIAL BASED CITIZEN CENTRIC WATER QUALITY MEASUREMENT SOLUTION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5 (November 19, 2018): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-75-2018.

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Abstract. Citizen science has emerged as a game changer in various scientific endeavors, wherein scientific data for understanding the phenomenon could be collected by volunteers/non-specialist in a quick possible time. Citizens nowadays play an important role by functioning as “sensors” helping government/institutions by collecting and analyzing data. The advancements and convergence of technologies (Information and communication technologies (ICT)), especially the Internet and mobile technology has further assisted in such efforts. Moreover, the location sensors (GPS) and camera on board the mobile devices enables citizens to collect geotagged data. The classic example is the OpenStreetMap project where volunteers contribute towards the mapping of the planet. This paper highlights the geospatial solution based on citizen science to collect geotagged data about the water quality (turbidity). This solution is developed using open source tools and consists of an Android based mobile app and web based dashboard on the server side for real time data visualization and analysis. The web application is designed and developed using PHP, JavaScript, HTML & CSS and allows user to view the interpolated geotagged data about water quality over various background maps like OSM, Bhuvan etc. PostgreSQL/PostGIS are used as the backend geospatial data server for storing the geotagged dataset. Such solution will be very useful for water quality monitoring as part of national level project like Clean Ganga Mission using the citizen centric approach.

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9

Fadhilah, M. F., Y. Hidayat, and A. Hadiyane. "The role of the mahogany tree (Swietenia macrophylla King) on quantity and quality of water that fall below the canopy." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 918, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/918/1/012036.

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Abstract Mahogany trees (Swietenia macrophylla) are often planted in urban forests area. This shady-crowned tree has a role in controlling the quantity and quality of rainwater that falls to the ground. Mahogany trees also affect the quality of rainwater through interception, fall, and stemflow. The purpose of this research was to determine the impact of the interception process, such as throughfall and stemflow, on changes in rainwater quality of the mahogany tree. The Data that needed to be measured were tree dimension, rainfall interception, and rainwater quality. Interception measurement was performed by calculating the number of throughfall and stemflow in one month-measurement. While the measurement of rainwater quality was measured once in the laboratory. These water quality measurements include Electrical Conductivity (EC), hardness, the content of Elements Ca, Mg, Na and K, and pH concentrations. The results based on the total area of the crown showed that mahogany had an interception value of 18.088%. In the throughfall measurement, the mahogany has a throughfall of 81.799%, while the amount of the stemflow is only 0.113%. The correlation of interception values, throughfall, and stemflow with rainfall are in general positively correlated. That means the higher rainfall water will increase the number of interception, throughfall, and stemflow. The results on water quality measurement explain that Ec value in rainwater interception was increased compared to water produced from rainfall in mahogany trees. It also has the same condition in hardness measurement. In pH measurements, the interception of rainwater has less pH when compared to direct rainfall water. In addition, the content of Elements Ca, Mg, K, and Na in Stemflow and Throughfall water have more numbers than rainfall itself.

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10

Carriazo-Regino, Yulieth, Rubén Baena-Navarro, Francisco Torres-Hoyos, Juan Vergara-Villadiego, and Sebastián Roa-Prada. "IoT-based drinking water quality measurement: systematic literature review." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 28, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v28.i1.pp405-418.

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Sustainable development throughout the world depends on several factors such as the economy, quality education, agriculture, industry, among others, but the environment is one of the most important. Industrialization and new land use plans have caused the proliferation of pollutants in water resources, which poses a serious public challenge. As outlined in the sustainable development goals (SDGs), innovative water quality monitoring methods are needed to ensure access to water, sustainable management and sanitation. In this sense, technologies are sought that contribute to the development and implementation of groundwater and surface water quality monitoring systems in real time, so that their parameters can be evaluated through descriptive analysis, in rural populations and areas of difficult access. Nowadays, the internet of things (IoT) and the development of modern sensors are more used, so this research reviews the latest technologies to monitor and evaluate water quality using the potential and possibilities of the IoT. The main contribution of this article is to present an overview of the state of the art of IoT applications and instrumentation for water quality monitoring, focusing on the latest innovations, in order to identify interesting and challenging areas that can be explored in future research.

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11

Gao, Min, Junsheng Li, Shenglei Wang, Fangfang Zhang, Kai Yan, Ziyao Yin, Ya Xie, and Wei Shen. "Smartphone–Camera–Based Water Reflectance Measurement and Typical Water Quality Parameter Inversion." Remote Sensing 14, no. 6 (March 11, 2022): 1371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14061371.

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Crowdsourced data from smart devices play an increasingly important role in water quality monitoring. However, guaranteeing and evaluating crowdsourced data quality is a key issue. This study aims to extract more accurate water reflectance data from smartphone photographs with variable exposure parameters, and to test the usability of these data in deriving water quality parameters. A set of low–cost reference cards was designed to be placed in the center of the photograph near the water surface, and a calculation model was proposed to convert the photograph digital numbers (DNs) to water reflectance. A nonlinear DN–to–reflectance model was constructed using the inherent reflectance and DN of the reference card in the photograph. Then, the reflectance of the water surface in the same photograph was estimated. During the evaluation of this scheme in seven different waterbodies with 112 sampling sites, small differences were observed between the estimated and measured remote sensing reflectance; the average unbiased relative errors (AUREs) for the red, green, and blue bands were 25.7%, 29.5%, and 35.2%, respectively, while the RMSEs for the three bands were 0.0032, 0.0051, 0.0031, respectively. The derived water reflectance data were used to retrieve the Secchi–disk depth (Zsd) and turbidity, with accuracies of 72.4% and 60.2%, respectively. The results demonstrate that the proposed method based on the smartphone camera can be used to derive the remote sensing reflectance and water quality parameters effectively with acceptable accuracy.

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12

Ronny, Ronny, Muhammad Ikbal Arif, and Hari Basuki Notobroto. "Water Pollution Index: Measurement of Shallow Well Water Quality in Urban Areas." International Journal of Environment, Engineering and Education 1, no. 3 (December 19, 2019): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.55151/ijeedu.v1i3.19.

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Determination of water quality status based on the pollution index method. Water said to polluted if it cannot use according to its standard designation. The purpose of this research is to identify and find out the level of pollution contained in shallow well water used by communities in urban areas. Water quality index measurements using the Storet Method. This study uses ten samples with techniques Purposive random sampling with well water sources used by people in Makassar, especially in Untia Sub-District, Makassar, South Sulawesi. The number of samples used was 15 water samples taken each week with a total of 10 shallow well water sample points. The parameters measured in the study are Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Total Coliforms, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). The results of the study showed that the condition of shallow well water quality classified in category D, which heavily polluted which means it not recommended to use before filtering. The increase in parameters that have exceeded the maximum quality standard comes from natural sources and high domestic waste from community activities. Water pollution is a condition in which a water reservoir changes due to human activity — the change caused by the entry of substances that should not be in the water.

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13

Kim, Kiwhan. "Water Quality Measurement: What Makes ‘Willingness To Pay’ Different?" International Review of Public Administration 7, no. 2 (December 2002): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12294659.2002.10805007.

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14

Kellner, Karlheinz, Thomas Posnicek, and Martin Brandl. "An Integrated Optical Measurement System for Water Quality Monitoring." Procedia Engineering 87 (2014): 1306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.687.

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15

Purohit, Akanksha, and Ulhaskumar Gokhale. "Real Time Water Quality Measurement System based on GSM." IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering 9, no. 3 (2014): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2834-09356367.

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16

ITO, Hitoshi. "Automatic measurement of the water quality of urban rivers." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 27, no. 7 (1998): 511–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.27.511.

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17

Briggs, R., and K. T. V. Grattan. "The measurement and sensing of water quality: a review." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 12, no. 2 (April 1990): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014233129001200202.

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18

Sokhi, R. "Inland and coastal water quality '93 — measurement and modelling." Environment International 21, no. 2 (1995): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(95)00016-x.

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19

Jatmiko, Mukhammad Fiyan. "PROTOTIPE OF AN ARDUINO-BASED WATER QUALITY MONITORING EQUIPMENT FOR OPTIMIZATION OF BIOFLOC SYSTEMS." Indonesian Applied Physics Letters 3, no. 1 (October 31, 2022): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/iapl.v3i1.36890.

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The disadvantage of this biofloc system cultivation is that it requires intense monitoring of water quality to maintain floc stability in the cultivation media. The solution to this problem is the creation of a prototype water quality monitoring tool in a biofloc system cultivation pond that is able to measure water quality consisting of DO, temperature, pH, and ammonia and is able to display measurement data into applications and is able to provide treatment suggestions. Create prototyping with a microcontroller system as well as designing applications and carrying out testing experiments on component units. The prototype accuracy test is carried out by comparing the results of water quality measurements with conventional tools. The results of the study explained the procedure for making a prototype of a tool consisting of the design of a water quality measuring device and the design of a viewer application of water quality measurement results. The accuracy of the tool components of the DO sensor is 98.5%, the temperature sensor is 99.89%, the pH sensor is 95.1%, and the ammonia sensor is 95.4%. This tool is able to take measurements well and is useful for the breeder.

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20

Ting, Josephine Ong Ning, and S. K. Yee. "Review on water quality monitoring technologies." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 18, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 1416. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i3.pp1416-1423.

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Water quality monitoring is always the prior element to ensure the drinking water is safe to be consumed. A lot of researches have been carried out over the past decades to design and develop a robust and cost-effective water monitoring system. The conventional water monitoring techniques were based on laboratory instruments which is time-consuming and laborious. Furthermore, it is not suitable when the water sampling point is far from the commercial laboratory centres. These limitations were then been solved by the developments of portable testing kits and microwave technique. The microwave techniques such as spectroscopy techniques and microwave sensor approach have improved the water quality monitoring experience which is convenient without sacrificing the measurement accuracy and sensitivity. Its portability enables the on-site measurement at rural areas and thus reduce the transportation and manpower cost. This paper intends to review the water contaminant detection techniques which include standardized drinking water parameter testing and microwave-based in terms of physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. Furthermore, this review also emphasizes the current trend of the water quality testing method in microwave technique. At the end of this paper, a significant advantages and drawbacks of the techniques are summarized, and recommendations are provided for future development in the water quality monitoring.

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21

Senta, Antonia, and Ljiljana Šerić. "Remote sensing data driven bathing water quality assessment using sentinel-3." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 21, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 1634. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1634-1647.

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In this paper we are investigating the possibility of usage of remote sensing satellite data, more precisely sentinel-3 OLCI and SLSTR data, for assessment of bathing water quality. In this research we used data driven approach and analysis of data in order to pinpoint aspects of remote sensing data that can be useful for bathing water quality assessment. For this purpose we collected satellite images for period from start of June till end of September of 2019 and results of in-situ measurement for the same period. Results of in-situ measurement were correlated with satellite images bands and analyzed. We propose a simple method for rapid assessment of possible deterioration of bathing water quality to be used by public health authorities for better planning of in situ measurements. Results of implementation of predictive models based on k-nearest neighbour (KNN) and decision tree (DT) are described.

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22

Cao, Pingping, Yuanyang Zhu, Wenzhu Zhao, Sheng Liu, and Hongwen Gao. "Chromaticity Measurement Based on the Image Method and Its Application in Water Quality Detection." Water 11, no. 11 (November 8, 2019): 2339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112339.

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In order to measure the chromaticity of water and the content of dissolved matter more accurately, effectively, and cheaply, a chromaticity measurement system based on the image method was proposed and applied. The measurement system used the designed acquisition device and image processing software to obtain the Red-Green-Blue (RGB) values of the image and converted the color image from RGB color space to Hue-Saturation-Intensity (HSI) space to separate the chromaticity and brightness. According to the definition of chromaticity, the hue (H), saturation (S) values, and chromaticity of standard chromaticity solution images were fitted by a non-linear surface, and a three-dimensional chromaticity measurement model was established based on the H and S values of water images. For the measurement of a standard chromaticity solution, the proposed method has higher accuracy than spectrophotometry. For actual water sample measurements, there is no significant difference between the results of this method and the spectrophotometer method, which verified the validity of the method. In addition, the system was tried to measure the concentration of ammonia nitrogen, phosphate, and chloride in water with satisfactory results.

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23

Ziemińska-Stolarska, Aleksandra, Janusz Adamiec, Mirosław Imbierowicz, Ewa Imbierowicz, Marcin Jaskulski, Aleksander Szmidt, and Ireneusz Zbiciński. "Online Measurement Method of Water Quality in the Sulejow Reservoir." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2018-0006.

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Abstract The paper presents methodology of accurate mobile measurements of water quality parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll “a” concentration, ammonium ion concentration, conductivity, pH and blue-green algae content in water. The measurements (probe EXO 2, YSI, USA) were made on various depths of probe immersion (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 m) and at different towing speeds of the probe (approx. 5.4 and 9.0 km/h). Static measurements carried out on the same route provided reference values for the measurements in motion to compare the repeatability of static and mobile methods. The tests were also evaluated by observation of probe behavior in motion, e.g. water disturbance intensity, access of light (sun rays) to the sensors. Statistical tests confirmed that the mean values of water quality parameters from mobile measurements with the speed of 5.4 km/h at the depth 1.5 m does not differ from the stationary measurements. Results of statistical analysis prove that water quality parameters can be measured accurately keeping established speed of towing the probe at the fixed depth. Methodology of mobile measurements elaborated in the frame of this work allows to collect vast number of data which can be used to obtain GIS point maps of water quality parameters in large water bodies.

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24

Hof, A., and W. Schuurmans. "Water quality control in open channels." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 1-2 (July 1, 2000): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0307.

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With the increasing degree of automation in Dutch water management the need for control systems and design procedures for control systems is also evolving. Traditionally these control systems were used for water level and discharge control only. With the measurement equipment that is currently available, improved water quality control also becomes possible. A PhD researcher is currently investigating the theoretical implications. The design of a reliable control system using control theory requires a linear description of the relevant processes. A possible linear description of the relevant processes is presented in this paper.

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25

Rocha, Hermes S. da, Patricia A. A. Marques, Antonio P. de Camargo, Douglas L. dos Reis, Eric A. da Silva, and José A. Frizzone. "Dripper testing: Application of statistical quality control for measurement system analysis." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 21, no. 9 (September 2017): 587–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n9p587-593.

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ABSTRACT Laboratory tests for technical evaluation or irrigation material testing involve the measurement of many variables, as well as monitoring and control of test conditions. This study, carried out in 2016, aimed at using statistical quality control techniques to evaluate results of dripper tests. Exponentially weighted moving average control charts were elaborated, besides capability indices for the measurement of the test pressure and water temperature; and study on repeatability and reproducibility (Gage RR) of flow measurement system using 10 replicates, in three work shifts (morning, afternoon and evening), with 25 emitters. Both the test pressure and water temperature remained stable, with “excellent” performance for the pressure adjustment process by integrative-derivative proportional controller. The variability between emitters was the component with highest contribution to the total variance of the flow measurements, with 96.77% of the total variance due to the variability between parts. The measurement system was classified as “acceptable” or “approved” by the Gage RR study; and non-random causes of significant variability were not identified in the routine of tests.

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26

Matsumae, Teiichi. "Renewal of the Instruments for Automatic Measurement of Water Quality." Japan journal of water pollution research 13, no. 10 (1990): 621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2965/jswe1978.13.621.

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27

Kimstach, V. A. "Monitoring the quality of water and the role of measurement." Measurement Techniques 35, no. 3 (March 1992): 371–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00978031.

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28

TAKAHASHI, Takumi, Ryoya KATAYAMA, Kyeongmin KIM, and Tadashi HIBINO. "NOVEL POTENTIOMETRIC WATER QUALITY MEASUREMENT SYSTEM IN CLOSED SEA AREA." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering) 78, no. 2 (2022): I_769—I_774. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/kaigan.78.2_i_769.

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29

FURUKAWA, Taito, Ryoya KATAYAMA, Kyeongmin KIM, Takumi TAKAHASHI, and Tadashi HIBINO. "EXAMINATION OF THE PRACTICALITY OF WATER QUALITY MEASUREMENT USING POTENTIOMETRY." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering) 78, no. 2 (2022): I_835—I_840. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/kaigan.78.2_i_835.

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30

Kwietniewski, Marian, Katarzyna Miszta-Kruk, Kaja Niewitecka, Mirosław Sudoł, and Krzysztof Gaska. "Certainty Level of Water Delivery of the Required Quality by Water Supply Networks." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 10 (May 27, 2019): 1860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101860.

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The security of water delivery of the required quality by water supply networks is identified with the concept of reliability. Therefore, a method of reliability evaluation of water distribution of the required quality was developed. The method is based on the probabilistic character of secondary water contamination in the water supply network. Data for the method are taken from monitoring of the water distribution system. The method takes into consideration the number and locations of individual measurement points and the results of the tests of water quality indicators at these points. The sets of measurement points and water quality indicators constitute a matrix research (observation) field in the model. The proposed method was implemented to assess the reliability of a water distribution process with respect to water with the required microbiological quality indicators in a real distribution system.

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Lee, Chan Wook, and Do Guen Yoo. "Decision of Water Quality Measurement Locations for the Identification of Water Quality Problems under Emergency Link Pipe Operation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (April 14, 2020): 2707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082707.

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This study suggests a methodology for the decision of water quality measurement locations in order to identify water quality problems within a pipe network system under abnormal conditions. A water supply system conversion due to the occurrence of tank or pump problems between water supply zones was set as a possible abnormal scenario and the water flow direction sensitivity of the pipeline was quantified to estimate the water quality monitoring priority. The proposed methodology was applied to a new city, A, in South Korea, and the results are analyzed in detail and presented. The proposed methodology can be used as a method to select water quality monitoring points when establishing an operation plan for emergency link pipes. It is also expected that it can be applied in the evaluation of the adequacy of the previously established emergency link pipe operation plan.

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32

Thatoe Nwe Win, Thanda, Thom Bogaard, and Nick van de Giesen. "A Low-Cost Water Quality Monitoring System for the Ayeyarwady River in Myanmar Using a Participatory Approach." Water 11, no. 10 (September 23, 2019): 1984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11101984.

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Newly developed mobile phone applications in combination with citizen science are used in different fields of research, such as public health monitoring, environmental monitoring, precipitation monitoring, noise pollution measurement and mapping, earth observation. In this paper, we present a low-cost water quality mobile phone measurement technique combined with sensor and test strips, and reported the weekly-collected data of three years of the Ayeyarwady River system by volunteers at seven locations and compared these results with the measurements collected by the lab technicians. We assessed the quality of the collected data and their reliability based on several indicators, such as data accuracy, consistency, and completeness. In this study, six local governmental staffs and one middle school teacher collected baseline water quality data with high temporal and spatial resolution. The quality of the data collected by volunteers was comparable to the data of the experienced lab technicians for sensor-based measurement of electrical conductivity and transparency. However, the lower accuracy (higher uncertainty range) of the indicator strips made them less useful in the Ayeyarwady with its relatively small water quality variations. We showed that participatory water quality monitoring in Myanmar can be a serious alternative for a more classical water sampling and lab analysis-based monitoring network, particularly as it results in much higher spatial and temporal resolution of water quality information against the very modest investment and running costs. This approach can help solving the invisible water crisis of unknown water quality (changes) in river and lake systems all over the world.

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Nur Yuliyani, Dwi, Thomas Triadi Putranto, and Nur Indah. "Study Of Spatial Effect Distribution Of Groundwater Quality On Rob Disaster In Semarang City." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 03027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187303027.

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Semarang City is one of the cities located in the north coast of Java, has characteristics of hilly areas and lowland areas, Semarang City is one of the coastal areas and has a high Rob potential. Subdistricts in Semarang City that are inundated by rob disasters are North Semarang Subdistrict, Ngalian, Tugu, Genuk and Pedurungan. The purpose of this research is 1) mapping of inundation in Semarang City using Geographic Information System (GIS). 2). Knowing the quality of ground water (wells) for public consumption around the coastal area of Semarang City that has been exposed to rob water. 3) Find out how many rob water levels have contaminated the Well. Widespread Distribution Population of Rob in Semarang City. Side technique in this research is Purposive Random sampling. The result of this research is the quality of well water obtained from direct measurement of field. Measurements are made using the Water Quality Checker tool. The measurement parameters include pH, DHL, TDS and Nitrate. The required data is the coastal administration map of Semarang city, and the well water quality parameters of KEPMENKES. Selection and sampling of well water by using stratified random sampling technique. The analysis includes a well water quality test in the rob area. Data collection techniques used questionnaire, observation, and documentation techniques. The measurement parameters include pH, DHL, TDS, and Nitrate. It can be seen that the worst affected District is Genuk District and the District which is still good quality is Pedurungan District.

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Zhao, Meilian, Peixue Liu, Baohua Jiang, and Yujie Chen. "Design of a drinking water quality monitoring and evaluation system." Water Practice and Technology 15, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2019.087.

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Abstract With the rapid development of industry and agriculture, water pollution is found everywhere, and the protection of water resources has attracted increasing attention. For a long time, drinking water pollution was measured manually, which is time-consuming and laborious. To effectively detect and evaluate drinking water pollution, a drinking water quality monitoring and evaluation system is designed. The system can perform real-time measurements of water temperature, conductivity, turbidity and other parameters. The measurement results can be displayed on an LCD screen and can be transmitted remotely. The system can be used to detect the contamination of drinking water resources, such as surface water and groundwater, and to judge whether the water quality is qualified according to the set threshold parameters. The test results demonstrate that the system can realize dynamic monitoring and evaluation of drinking water resources. In addition, the system can provide effective data for water resource environmental protection.

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Hiraoka, Mutsuhisa, Naohiro Noda, Chiyoji Hayakawa, Keiji Gotoh, Tohru Shirozu, Saburoh Hosoda, and Masanori Ichinohe. "Service water quality monitor including hue and coloration grade." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 12 (June 1, 1998): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0551.

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The authors introduce an index of coloration grade for evaluation of service water colour. The principle of the coloration grade measurement has been derived from authors' modification of the Tristimulus Filter Method of AWWA 1992 and JWWA 1993 Standard Method, and it has the advantage of applicability to all colours in the visible range. The characteristics of the hue and coloration grade measurement has been tested in the laboratory using various coloured samples obtained from water service pipes or an aqueduct. Compared with the “colour” measured by the platinum-cobalt method, the coloration grade is more sensitive to various water coloration and close to human senses. Applying the above stated device, a Service Water Quality Monitor was newly developed and successfully tested at several distinctive fields. It monitors three items, colour, turbidity and residual chlorine which are obligatory in Japan to be daily examined at appropriate house taps. For the field test of about six months without any manual calibration, the accuracy of the hue and the coloration grade has shown maximum deviation of only 2.5% FS compared with the measurement by means of the standard solutions once a month.

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Fahrudin, Arfan Eko, Said Ja'far Shadiq, and Ade Agung Harnawan. "Pembuatan Sistem Monitoring Temperatur, pH dan Salinitas Tambak Ikan Secara Nirkabel." Jurnal Fisika FLUX 1, no. 1 (January 26, 2019): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/flux.v1i1.6156.

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− The quality of water hold on important rule in the field of fisheries, especially in cultivation activities. Parameters of water quality are often observed such as temperature, pH, salinity, and others. The influence of water quality on cultivation activity is very important therefore supervision of water quality parameters is absolute done by cultivators. This research had created the quality of water monitoring system in fishponds wirelessly. The system consist of the transmitter that integrated with LM35 sensor, pH meter kit sensor and conductivity sensor as measurer of water quality, and the receiver receive datum transmitted wirelessly with nRF24L01 module a long 5 meters distance from transmitter. The receiver equipped with an interface with PC which can save data measurement automatically to Microsoft Excel. The results of the validation of the measurement instrument obtained average of error relative to measurement were 0.01 0C for temperature, 0.005 for pH and 0.008 ppt for salinity. In summary, the measurement of water quality in surface water fishponds of temperature is 29oC until 38oC, pH is 8,6 until 11,9 and salinity is 12 until 21 ppt.

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37

Patlazhan, S. A., I. V. Kravchenko, S. A. Vagner, M. S. Gurevich, and A. M. Karp. "Prediction of the water salinity influence on the quality of oil water cut measurement." Automation, Telemechanization and Communication in Oil Industry, no. 5 (2018): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30713/0132-2222-2018-5-37-41.

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38

Subbaraman, Ramnath, Laura Nolan, Kiran Sawant, Shrutika Shitole, Tejal Shitole, Mahesh Nanarkar, Anita Patil-Deshmukh, and David E. Bloom. "Multidimensional Measurement of Household Water Poverty in a Mumbai Slum: Looking Beyond Water Quality." PLOS ONE 10, no. 7 (July 21, 2015): e0133241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133241.

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ITO, Shonosuke. "Special issue : abbreviated analysis and measuring method of water quality.Simple water quality measurement device." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 19, no. 9 (1990): 578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.19.578.

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Uudeberg, Kristi, Age Aavaste, Kerttu-Liis Kõks, Ave Ansper, Mirjam Uusõue, Kersti Kangro, Ilmar Ansko, Martin Ligi, Kaire Toming, and Anu Reinart. "Optical Water Type Guided Approach to Estimate Optical Water Quality Parameters." Remote Sensing 12, no. 6 (March 13, 2020): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12060931.

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Currently, water monitoring programs are mainly based on in situ measurements; however, this approach is time-consuming, expensive, and may not reflect the status of the whole water body. The availability of Multispectral Imager (MSI) and Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) free data with high spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution has increased the potential of adding remote sensing techniques into monitoring programs, leading to improvement of the quality of monitoring water. This study introduced an optical water type guided approach for boreal regions inland and coastal waters to estimate optical water quality parameters, such as the concentration of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and total suspended matter (TSM), the absorption coefficient of coloured dissolved organic matter at a wavelength of 442 nm (aCDOM(442)), and the Secchi disk depth, from hyperspectral, OLCI, and MSI reflectance data. This study was based on data from 51 Estonian and Finnish lakes and from the Baltic Sea coastal area, which altogether were used in 415 in situ measurement stations and covered a wide range of optical water quality parameters (Chl-a: 0.5–215.2 mg·m−3; TSM: 0.6–46.0 mg·L−1; aCDOM(442): 0.4–43.7 m−1; and Secchi disk depth: 0.2–12.2 m). For retrieving optical water quality parameters from reflectance spectra, we tested 132 empirical algorithms. The study results describe the best algorithm for each optical water type for each spectral range and for each optical water quality parameter. The correlation was high, from 0.87 up to 0.93, between the in situ measured optical water quality parameters and the parameters predicted by the optical water type guided approach.

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Tampa, Ahazia I., Cyska Lumenta, and Ockstan J. Kalesaran. "MORFOMETRIK KIJING TAIWAN (Anodonta woodiana) DI BEBERAPA LOKASI DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA DAN MINAHASA UTARA." JURNAL ILMIAH PLATAX 2, no. 2 (November 10, 2014): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jip.2.2.2014.7148.

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This study was conducted to determine morphometric kijing taiwan at several locations in Minahasa District and North Minahasa regency and its association with the abundance of plankton and water quality. Sampling gravestone taiwan and water quality obtained from the four (4 ) locations: Rap Rap Village, BBAT Tatelu North Minahasa Regency, Paleloan and Tataaran II Village, Minahasa regency. Morphometric measurements kijingg taiwan include dimensional measurements and weighing of the shell. Measurement of shell dimensions include length , width , and thickness. Include the weighing of the weighing of the total, shell weight and wet weight of meat. Water quality measurements carried out directly at the sites include measurement of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and water base texture, while the identification of plankton carried in Pathology and Clinical Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, University of Sam Ratulangi. Morphometric measurements will be taken in any of 50 individual kijing taiwan each location. The results of morphometric measurements in multiple locations showed uniform size Tataaran II contained in the Village, the Village and Village Paleloan Rap Rap while in BBAT Tatelu uniformity of size only in size from 7-18 to 9-74 cm was caused by Taiwan in the pool because kijing BBAT Tatelu regarded as pest extermination so regularly done. Relationships shell length and total weight kijing taiwan to change at any time is influenced by several factors such as the condition of gonadal maturation , water quality and availability of food in the waters.

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Supriyanto, Supriyanto, and Raldi Hendro Koestoer. "Selected Measurement Parameters of Water Quality: Comparative Insight of India and Indonesia." Journal of Geography Science and Education 4, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32585/jgse.v4i1.2254.

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A number of rivers in India and Indonesia are usually used by the people to fulfill their daily needs. To ensure the quality of river water is in reasonable limit, it is important to monitor water quality regularly. The objective of this study was to review and compare the selection of water quality monitoring parameters in India and Indonesia. The used method was descriptive analyses. The results of the study showed several findings: first, in terms of regulation, India was lesser than that of Indonesia; second, India used the water quality index to assess the state of water quality, while Indonesia used the STORET method or the water pollution index; third, India had legally stipulated the main parameters in considering the status of water quality, whereas Indonesia had yet to stipulate it; and forth, there were 10 water quality parameters that were often used in both India and Indonesia, namely pH, BOD, COD, DO, nitrate, phosphate, temperature, TDS, TSS, and total coliform. Therefore, these parameters should be selected as the key parameters to monitor water quality.

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Hakiki, Rijal, and Temmy Wikaningrum. "THE PROSPECT OF DIGITALLY ENHANCED COLORIMETRY AS AN ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR WATER QUALITY DETERMINATION." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2, no. 2 (April 29, 2019): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v0i0.4362.

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Aim: This study aims to observe the potential implementation of analytical methods based on digital image processing as an alternative method of colorimetric analysis that can be implemented in site. Methodology and Results: Pt-Co standard series solutions at concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 concentration units (CU) were measured by spectrophotometric method and digitally enhanced colorimetric (DEC) method to obtain a response in the form of absorbance (Abs) and area under curve (AUC) value. Absorbance measurement was carried out at 317.5 nm (λ max). The AUC value was obtained from the 3-point RGB value measurements, made average so that a color band is produced, then quantified by translating the color band intensity into the response curve in ImageJ software. The Abs and AUC values of artificial samples are processed into CU values with linear equations resulting from linear regression test. The results of the calculation of CU values from the two measurement methods were tested using independent t test method to examine significant differences between the two measurement methods. Conclusion, significance and impact study: Coefficient of determination (R2) plot CU VS AUC = 0.8638, in independent t test was obtained p-value = 0.4246 at the 95% confidence level. Therefore, it can be concluded that digitally enhanced colorimetric could be used to determine water quality, especially color parameter in site measurement.

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Kwak, Pill Jae, Seog Ku Kim, Sang Leen Yun, Sung Won Kang, Hyun Dong Lee, Joo Yeon Lee, Hyo Jin Ban, Keun Ho Yang, Hee Jae Oh, and Young Sung Kim. "Establishment of Waternode Stations for Water Quality Monitoring by IP-USN." Materials Science Forum 695 (July 2011): 610–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.695.610.

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Waternode station is a floating composite water quality monitoring device. The waternode station houses the multiple water quality measurement devices, control panel for wireless communication and solar cells for applying electric power. The floating devices are classified into general model with vertical dropping system and river model without vertical dropping system. The water quality measurement device measures pH, water temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and nitrate. And it measures all parameters simultaneously. The control panel is used for IP-USN system. USN (Ubiquitous Sensor Network) is a network system by water quality measurement devices. IP-USN is a USN system that identifies particular sensor connected to the internet. The data information is transferred by wireless modem based on TFB (Triple Frequency Band). Field application results showed that the waternode station is a reliable and cost-effective water quality monitoring solutions.

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Lee, Jinhyo, Hyunju Ha, Manho Lee, Mokyoung Lee, Taeho Kim, Yoonkyung Cha, and Jayong Koo. "Assessment of Water Quality of Major Tributaries in Seoul using Water Quality Index and Cluster Analysis." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 42, no. 10 (October 31, 2020): 452–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2020.42.10.452.

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Objectives : 17 water quality measurement networks (WQMNs, tributaries) in Seoul were analyzed by using NSFWQI and cluster analysis to provide basic data for future river water quality management so that citizens could easily and comprehensively understand the water quality information on the rivers in Seoul.Methods : For the past 3 years (2015~2017), in order to estimate WQI, 9 items, DO (% sat), Fecal coliform, pH, BOD, Temperature change (TC), TP, NO3-, Turbidity and Total solids, were selected from among the 19 water quality data measurement items produced monthly from 17 WQMNs in Seoul. WQI was derived and graded using NSFWQI and cluster analysis was performed using Ward Linkage Method, SOM (Self Organizing Map).Results and Discussion : Water quality of most water quality monitoring networks was BOD Ⅱ grade (slightly good) or higher and TP Ⅲ grade (normal) or higher according to the standard of water quality and water ecosystem river living environment, and NSFWQI was also 64 (Medium)~89 (Good). All showed good water quality. NSFWQI does not show a significant difference by season, so it is believed that it is affected by anthropogenic sources rather than seasonal effects. As a result of examining the correlation between NSFWQI and water quality level according to environmental standards, it was confirmed that R2 has a relatively good correlation with 0.78, and there is no clear difference between the two groups, and through this, it was found that the currently implemented water quality rating system and NSFWQI are well matched. As a result of cluster analysis using ward linkage method and SOM for 17 WQMNs, it was largely divided into 6 groups according to water quality characteristics.Conclusions : It is important to manage pollution sources to systematically manage river water quality as a water resource. It is therefore expected that by converting from the complicated and various water quality information such as is found in this study into a simple water quality index and grouping, the river water quality can be easily understood and can be utilized in the future as basic data for water quality management in Seoul.

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Alasl, M. Kashefi, M. Khosravi, M. Hosseini, G. R. Pazuki, and R. Nezakati Esmail Zadeh. "Measurement and mathematical modelling of nutrient level and water quality parameters." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 9 (November 1, 2012): 1962–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.333.

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Physico-chemical water quality parameters and nutrient levels such as water temperature, turbidity, saturated oxygen, dissolved oxygen, pH, chlorophyll-a, salinity, conductivity, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, were measured from April to September 2011 in the Karaj dam area, Iran. Total nitrogen in water was modelled using an artificial neural network system. In the proposed system, water temperature, depth, saturated oxygen, dissolved oxygen, pH, chlorophyll-a, salinity, turbidity and conductivity were considered as input data, and the total nitrogen in water was considered as output. The weights and biases for various systems were obtained by the quick propagation, batch back propagation, incremental back propagation, genetic and Levenberg–Marquardt algorithms. The proposed system uses 144 experimental data points; 70% of the experimental data are randomly selected for training the network and 30% of the data are used for testing. The best network topology was obtained as (9-5-1) using the quick propagation method with tangent transform function. The average absolute deviation percentages (AAD%) are 2.329 and 2.301 for training and testing processes, respectively. It is emphasized that the results of the artificial neural network (ANN) model are compatible with the experimental data.

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Winkler, S., L. Rieger, E. Saracevic, A. Pressl, and G. Gruber. "Application of ion-sensitive sensors in water quality monitoring." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 11 (December 1, 2004): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0678.

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Within the last years a trend towards in-situ monitoring can be observed, i.e. most new sensors for water quality monitoring are designed for direct installation in the medium, compact in size and use measurement principles which minimise maintenance demand. Ion-sensitive sensors (Ion-Sensitive-Electrode – ISE) are based on a well known measurement principle and recently some manufacturers have released probe types which are specially adapted for application in water quality monitoring. The function principle of ISE-sensors, their advantages, limitations and the different methods for sensor calibration are described. Experiences with ISE-sensors from applications in sewer networks, at different sampling points within wastewater treatment plants and for surface water monitoring are reported. An estimation of investment and operation costs in comparison to other sensor types is given.

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Wu, Xiushan, Renyuan Tong, Yanjie Wang, Congli Mei, and Qing Li. "Study on an Online Detection Method for Ground Water Quality and Instrument Design." Sensors 19, no. 9 (May 9, 2019): 2153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19092153.

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The online measurement of ground water quality, as one important area of water resource protection, can provide real-time measured water quality parameters and send out warning information in a timely manner when the water resource is polluted. Based on ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry, a remote online measurement method is proposed and used to measure the ground water quality parameters chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), nitrate nitrogen (NO3–N), and turbidity (TURB). The principle of UV spectrophotometry and the data processing method are discussed in detail, the correlated mathematical modeling of COD and TOC is given, and a confirmatory experiment is carried out. Turbidity-compensated mathematical modeling is proposed to improve the COD measurement accuracy and a confirmatory experiment is finished with turbidity that ranges from 0 to 100 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit). The development of a measurement instrument to detect the ground water COD, TOC, NO3–N, and TURB is accomplished; the test experiments are completed according to the standard specification of China’s technical requirement for water quality online automatic monitoring of UV, and the absolute measuring errors of COD, TOC, and NO3–N are smaller than 5.0%, while that of TURB is smaller than 5.4%, which meets the requirements for the online measurement of ground water quality.

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Renaud, James, Arman Sarfehnia, Kristin Marchant, Malcolm McEwen, Carl Ross, and Jan Seuntjens. "Direct measurement of electron beam quality conversion factors using water calorimetry." Medical Physics 42, no. 11 (October 9, 2015): 6357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4931970.

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Hartnett, Michael, and Stephen Nash. "An integrated measurement and modeling methodology for estuarine water quality management." Water Science and Engineering 8, no. 1 (January 2015): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wse.2014.10.001.

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