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Статті в журналах з теми "Water - Purification - Filtration"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 10 лютого 2022

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1

Şimşek, Barış, İnci Sevgili, Özge Bildi Ceran, Haluk Korucu, and Osman Nuri Şara. "Nanomaterials Based Drinking Water Purification: Comparative Study with a Conventional Water Purification Process." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 63, no. 1 (July 17, 2018): 96–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.12458.

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One of the ways of fully securing the presence of fresh water is water treatment process. Nanomaterials and nanotechnology offers an innovative solution for water treatment. In this study, physical, chemical and microbiological improvement rates of raw water were analyzed after filtration with graphene oxide. Graphene oxide's water treatment performance; silver nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles & graphene oxide composites that are commonly used in water treatment were compared with a traditional treatment method. When compared to the traditional method, there were improvements of 50 %, 40.7 %, 86.8 % and 45.5 % for color, TIC, TOC and hardness properties, respectively in water treatment by GO-based filtration with solid liquid ratio of 0.7 % (v/v). In water treatment with GO-Ag based filtration, 39.8 %, 69.8 %, 10.3 % and 28.6 % of improvements were obtained for TIC, TOC, hardness and LSI value compared to the conventional method. Both GO at 0.7 % (v/v) solid-liquid ratio and GO-Ag nanocomposites were successful in the number of total viable microorganisms and inhibiting microorganisms such as Escherichia coli fecal (gaita-infected), Salmonella typhi, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomona aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Among the studied parameters GO-Ag nanocomposites found to be the most suitable for drinking water treatment.

2

Fu, Wan Jun. "The Technology of High Efficiency Water Purification." Advanced Materials Research 1052 (October 2014): 574–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1052.574.

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A new promising water purification technology, soft fiber wadding filter, was introduced in this article. The technology has the advantages of energy saving and emission reduction efficiency greatly, is currently the most advanced water purification. This paper explains the structure of the technical equipment, tell the filtration principle, provides the filter parameters of practical efficiency, comparison. The technology is mainly used in power plants, metallurgy, chemical industry, oil field water treatment engineering, and achieved satisfactory results. Significance of the research on the model of water filtration equipment development and filtration theory is grearly.

3

ANRAKU, Koichi, Masayuki YAMADA, and Tetsuji INOUE. "Membrane filtration technology in water works. Membrane filtration equipment in water purification treatment." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 25, no. 4 (1996): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.25.234.

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4

Serag Eldin, K., M. Abdelrazik, and E. Wahb. "Water Purification using Multiple Stage Filtration Technology." Scientific Journal of October 6 University 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/sjou.2014.32874.

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5

Fu, Wan Jun, and Wei Liang. "A New Technology of High Efficiency Filter Water Purification." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 1394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.1394.

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A new promising water purification technology, soft fiber wadding filter, was introduced in this article. The technology has the advantages of energy saving and emission reduction efficiency greatly, is currently the most advanced water purification. This paper explains the structure of the technical equipment, tell the filtration principle, provides the filter parameters of practical efficiency, comparison. The technology is mainly used in power plants, metallurgy, chemical industry, oil field water treatment engineering, and achieved satisfactory results. Significance of the research on the model of water filtration equipment development and filtration theory is grearly.

6

Kosaka, K., Y. Koike, Y. Miyabayashi, K. Saito, M. Asami, M. Sasaki, S. Sato, and M. Akiba. "National survey of utilization of continuous water quality monitors in water supply systems in Japan." Water Supply 19, no. 5 (January 11, 2019): 1347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.006.

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Abstract An investigation of the utilization of water quality monitors at water purification plants throughout Japan was conducted via questionnaire from August to October 2015. The number of types of monitors installed at more than one water purification plant was 34. Chlorine, high sensitivity turbidity, pH, and turbidity monitors were (highly) recommended for installation in four water purification processes (rapid sand filtration, chlorination only, slow sand filtration and membrane treatment), except for high sensitivity turbidity of chlorination only. The number of installations of the monitors recommended and their installation points were dependent upon the processes. Highly recommended points of turbidity were raw water and sedimentation points, which were set for (critical) control points in water safety plans. That of high sensitivity turbidity was the rapid sand filtration point for confirmation of Cryptosporidium control. Chlorine monitors were applied for automatic control, regardless of the water purification processes. Some interesting monitors, such as those for musty odor compounds and trihalomethane, were newly developed and utilized. The results of this study showed that water quality monitors were important for water quality management systems based on water safety plans in Japan.

7

Watanebe, Yoshimasa, and Rulin Bian. "Application of Membrane Filtration to Water Purification Process." membrane 24, no. 6 (1999): 310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.24.310.

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8

Ullah, Asmat, Khan Shahzada, Sajjad Wali Khan, and Victor Starov. "Purification of produced water using oscillatory membrane filtration." Desalination 491 (October 2020): 114428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2020.114428.

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9

Yang, You Ping, and Hui Hui Weng. "An Underground Pollution of Water Purification Processing Equipment Develop." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 1372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.1372.

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The development of a kind of subsurface sewage disposal device is to develop a subsurface sewage disposal device which uses physical filtration to improve water quality of some specific area. This device mainly consists of a pressure dissolved air vessel, purification filtrating equipment and a system controller. This device also uses modern control technology to make the water quality meet the requirement of the standard of domestic water and satisfy peoples demand for water by controlling the pressure and flow of water strictly and separate impurities and harmful substances from the sewage.

10

KAWANISHI, Toshio. "Membrane filtration technology in water works. Advanced water purification treatment by ceramic -film filtration system." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 25, no. 4 (1996): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.25.214.

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11

Germanova, Tatiana. "On the possibility of using ion-exchange filters for water treatment." MATEC Web of Conferences 245 (2018): 12007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824512007.

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This study was conducted with the aim of preliminary assessment of the total use of the working exchange capacity of cation-exchangers during ion-exchange filtration of surface waters. The chemical composition of natural waters in Russia depends on many factors, which affects the performance indicators during operation of water treatment equipment. Comparison of geochemical indicators of natural waters of the Ob River basin at specific locations of water withdrawal in the Ural Federal District of Russia was carried out. For several compositions of natural waters, the calculation of two-stage ion-exchange filtration in the water treatment scheme for heat and power plants has been carried out. The possibility of rational use of ion-exchange filtration at the first stage of water purification and low efficiency of the use of ion-exchange filtration at the second stage of filtration for these plants is shown.

12

Carolyn, K. M. W., M. U. M. Junaidi, N. A. Hashim, M. A. Hussain, F. Mohamed Zuki, B. Mohamed Jan, N. A. Abdul Nasir, and A. L. Ahmad. "Purification of lake water using a PES hollow fiber membrane." Water Supply 20, no. 2 (December 9, 2019): 529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.184.

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Abstract Water scarcity combined with increasing populations will create a massive problem of obtaining clean water sources in the future. In this research, a newly developed polyethersulfone (PES) hollow fiber membrane from Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) is used in water purification experiments using raw water samples obtained from Varsity Lake of the University of Malaya (UM) and a lake in Taman Jaya. The raw water samples undergo water quality characteristics tests to determine their class of water quality based on national water quality standards. Both raw water samples have been characterized and belong to class II of water quality. Subsequently, both raw water samples are used in water purification experiments with two types of filtration configuration, cross-flow and dead-end. Results show that water purification using the PES hollow fiber membrane can obtain water quality of class I for both samples. However, the presence of Escherichia coli can still be detected in both purified water samples. From the results obtained, the fabricated PES membrane is able to filter raw water samples of WQI Class II to WQI Class I quality and adhere to drinking water standards, and the dead-end filtration configuration provides the best filtration performance.

13

NISHIO, Hironobu. "Membrane filtration technology in water works. Water purification treatment by hollow -yarn -type precision filtration membrane." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 25, no. 4 (1996): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.25.201.

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14

Skoczko, Iwona. "Efficiency estimation of water purification with various filtration materials." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 134 (2018): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2018.22707.

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15

Serpokrylov, Nikolai, Alla Smolyanichenko, and Vladimir Nelidin. "Development of technology for water purification by filtration using vibration." E3S Web of Conferences 175 (2020): 12009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017512009.

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Improving the quality of water treatment is accompanied by an increase in technology requirements. An important role in solving problems of technological ensuring the quality of treatment, among which a prominent place is occupied by filtration methods, biological, chemical and mechanical methods. Among the mentioned cleaning methods, mechanical cleaning methods and one of its varieties are widely used, a new model water purification by filtration using vibrationtechnology.

16

Bomba, Andrii, Yurii Klymyuk, and Igor Prysіazhnіuk. "Computer Prediction of Adsorption Water Purification Process in Rapid Cone-Shaped Filters." Modeling, Control and Information Technologies, no. 3 (November 6, 2019): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31713/mcit.2019.62.

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In the paper a mathematical model for computer predicting the process of adsorption purification of water from impurities in rapid filters taking into account changes in the temperature of the filtration flow along the height of the filter while observing the constant filtration rate is formulated. Analgorithm for numerically-asymptotic approximation of solution of the corresponding nonlinear singularly perturbed boundary value problem for a model region of a conical shape, bounded two equipotential surfaces and a surface flow, is developed. The proposed model allows through computer experiments to investigate changes in the characteristics of porous loads (filtration coefficients, active porosity), to predict the optimal variants for using adsorbents, and increasing the duration of the filters operation due to the choice of their shape, taking into account the effect on the process of adsorption purification ofwater not only changes in the filtration rate flow along the height of the filter, but also the temperature.

17

Dutta, Kingshuk, and Sirshendu De. "Smart responsive materials for water purification: an overview." J. Mater. Chem. A 5, no. 42 (2017): 22095–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta07054c.

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Smart adsorbents and filtration membranes used in water treatment are responsive to either a single stimulus, such as pH, temperature, light, electric field, magnetic field, electrolytes, salts, etc., or multiple stimuli, i.e. two or more stimuli.

18

Aini Kamarudin, Nurul, Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin, Rosalan Umar, Abdul Rahman Hassan, Fathurrahman Lananan, and Sunardi . "Determination of Filtration and Purification System for Flood Water Filter." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.15 (April 6, 2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.15.11188.

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Water is one of the basic needs which essential to life but cannot take it easy, it becomes more concern when a flood, there is plenty of dirty water than clean water, and the sources of the water are not approved to use. There are many kinds of waterborne pathogens which can donate diseases also death if not treating the water well before use. The treatment can be utilized based on the size of the microorganism. By identifying the size of the smallest bacteria will make easier to find the filtration based on the size of filter pores and other processes to ensure all the bacteria is removed and the water safe to use. Even there are many kinds of bacteria or microorganisms in the contaminated water, but the pathogens need to deal. The water will become clean and safe to use when the colour is clear and there is any pathogenic microorganism in there. This study is to ensure water is clean from pathogen after the flood water is filtered by know for sure the organism’s size and to overcome the lack of clean water problem during the flood and others purpose.

19

Ferreira, L., and H. H. Du Preez. "Investigation into the occurrence of aquatic invertebrates throughout drinking water purification plants." Water Supply 12, no. 2 (March 1, 2012): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2012.136.

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World-wide, invertebrates are found in most drinking water networks; however, limited data and information are available on the occurrence of invertebrates throughout the purification process. During this investigation, temporal and spatial variations in the invertebrate composition occurring throughout a conventional Drinking Water Purification Plant (DWPP) and the abiotic drivers responsible for their occurrence were investigated. Samples destined for invertebrate and water quality analyses were collected and multivariate statistical analysis was performed on the data obtained. Copepoda, Rotatoria, Cladocera, Ostracoda and Diptera were the dominant groups found in the source water and occurred throughout the purification process. A higher total biomass occurred throughout the purification process, in particular after sedimentation and filtration, compared with the total biomass entering the DWPP. The water quality variables measured were within the optimum ranges of invertebrates. The present study proved the theory that purification plants are an important source of invertebrates occurring in the drinking water distribution network. Strategies should be implemented to improve coagulation (by using coagulants/flocculants to increase the pH above 10.5), flocculation, sedimentation (by removing sludge and algae) and filtration (by optimizing filter bed maintenance) and general filter house ‘housekeeping’.

20

Fujii, Yoshihisa, Sadaki Samitsu, and Izumi Ichinose. "Membrane Fouling and Hybrid Membrane Filtration System in Water Purification." MEMBRANE 38, no. 5 (2013): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.38.207.

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21

Deng, Daosheng, Wassim Aouad, William A. Braff, Sven Schlumpberger, Matthew E. Suss, and Martin Z. Bazant. "Water purification by shock electrodialysis: Deionization, filtration, separation, and disinfection." Desalination 357 (February 2015): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2014.11.011.

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22

Du, Xin Yu. "Research on Swimming Pool Water Treatment Based on Embedded System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 539 (July 2014): 644–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.539.644.

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This paper mainly designs the outdoor swimming pool circulation purification system, introduced the circulation mode selection, calculation of water cycle, and we proposed water purification treatment measures. After filtration and disinfection of swimming pool water, which achieve the "Hygienic standard for swimming place" (GB9667-1996) that regulations on "the quality and hygiene standards" artificial swimming pool, which can be recycled.

23

Aziz, Hermansyah, Yennie Puspa Bukasir, and Dwi Puryanti. "FILTRASI AIR RAWA GAMBUT DENGAN PADUAN PERLIT-SEMEN-KAPUR." Jurnal Riset Kimia 1, no. 1 (February 12, 2015): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jrk.v1i1.49.

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ABSTRACT Peat water purification by filtration with perlite-cement-lime mixtures was preliminary studied. The filtration was realized under static condition without any pressure. From the experimental results obtained that perlite composition in the mixture plays an important role in the filtration processing. Otherwise the some physical properties of perlite-cement-lime mixture was also determined. Key words: peat water, perlite.

24

SAWADA, Shigeki, Kazuo IMAI, and Kioki OTA. "Membrane filtration technology in water works. Problems and responses in introducing membrane filtration technology into water purification plants." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 25, no. 4 (1996): 220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.25.220.

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25

Ungur, G., and J. Hrůza. "Modified polyurethane nanofibers as antibacterial filters for air and water purification." RSC Adv. 7, no. 78 (2017): 49177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra06317b.

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In the present research, we aimed to produce polymer nanofibrous filters for antibacterial purification of air and water and prove their efficiency and stability under simulated filtration conditions.

26

Szatyłowicz, Ewa, and Iwona Skoczko. "Magnetic Field Usage Supported Filtration Through Different Filter Materials." Water 11, no. 8 (July 31, 2019): 1584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081584.

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Currently, methods of water purification and aqueous solutions leading to effective reduction of introduced chemical compounds into water purification systems have become the subject of research. Physical methods have become an alternative, because by subjecting water and aqueous solutions to UV (ultraviolet) radiation or magnetic fields (MF), either ultrasonic or electric, it is possible to influence the change of structure, which results in changes in the properties of water and aqueous solutions. This paper attempts to verify the influence of a weak magnetic field on the removal of iron and manganese compounds in the filtration process on gravel of 1–2 mm granulation, sand of 0.4–0.8 mm granulation, activated alumina and activated carbon. The conducted research proved that MF has a significant influence on the effectiveness of iron and manganese removal from water in the case of alumina, while in the filtration process through other filter materials the effect of MF was small.

27

Ewerts, H., S. Barnard, A. Swanepoel, H. H. du Preez, and S. Janse van Vuuren. "Strategies of coagulant optimisation to improve the removal of turbidity and Ceratium hirundinella cells during conventional drinking water purification." Water Supply 14, no. 5 (April 29, 2014): 820–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2014.038.

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The dinoflagellate, Ceratium hirundinella (C. hirundinella) cells are known to cause many problems when source water due for purification contains relatively high concentrations. The objective of this study was to investigate strategies for the effective and simultaneous removal of turbidity and C. hirundinella cells using turbidity and total photosynthetic pigments (TPP) as indicators of appropriate coagulant dosages during conventional drinking water purification. Source water samples with low turbidity, and high number of C. hirundinella cells were collected. A laboratory-scale conventional water purification plant was used to simulate coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and sand filtration. Various coagulant options were dosed as part of conventional coagulation. The coagulant option Ca(OH)2–organic polymer achieved the best removal of both turbidity (50%) and C. hirundinella cells (75–82%) after sedimentation using TPP as an indicator. Ca(OH)2–SiO2 and organic polymer alone achieved better removal of C. hirundinella (57–75%) and turbidity (33–50%) respectively when TPP was used as an indicator rather than turbidity. Sand filtration removed the remaining turbidity and C. hirundinella cells from the supernatant completely. Implementing new purification strategies may increase treatment costs, but the focus of drinking water purification utilities should always be primarily the production of safe and aesthetically acceptable drinking water.

28

Zalewska, M., E. Bobryk, A. Pędzikiewicz, and M. Szafran. "Porous Ceramic Materials for Virus Filtration." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 56, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 1193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-011-0134-5.

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Porous Ceramic Materials for Virus Filtration The purpose of this study was to design and examine porous ceramic materials on the basis of diatomaceous earth, as well as carrying out preliminary model researches of the purification of drinking water. The conditions, parameters and methods of production of the ceramic samples have been selected on experimental way, in order to characterize them by suitable porosity and tensile strength. The authors have searched such porous ceramic materials, which exhibit positive charge, in contrast to viruses, which have a negative surface charge in pH o drinking water.

29

Liu, Yanbiao, Fang Li, Qin Xia, Jiawei Wu, Jianshe Liu, Mingzhi Huang, and Jianping Xie. "Conductive 3D sponges for affordable and highly-efficient water purification." Nanoscale 10, no. 10 (2018): 4771–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr09435c.

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We developed a low-cost method to achieve efficient organic pollutants degradation by incorporating conductive nanomaterials to assist electro-oxidation, leading to an efficient conductive nano-sponge filtration device.

30

Shivakoti, B. R., S. Fujii, M. Nozoe, S. Tanaka, and C. Kunacheva. "Perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) in water purification plants (WPPs) with advanced treatment processes." Water Supply 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2010.707.

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A series of perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) surveys were conducted in two water purification plants (WPPs) having ozonation and granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration processes. In each plant, six different processes samples (source water, influent, coagulation-sedimentation effluent, ozonation effluent, GAC filtration effluent, and final tap water) were collected for two times and eight PFCs were measured. The results showed that seven kinds of PFCs (PFHxS, PFOS, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, and PFUnDA) were detected in both plants with concentration range of 0.5–53.5 ng L−1, while the range of total concentration of all seven PFCs was 31–90 ng L−1. All detected PFCs were not removed effectively in both dates but removal was observed to some extent for certain PFCs (PFNA, PFDA, PFOS, and PFUnDA) by GAC filtration tank.

31

Tlili, I., and Tawfeeq Abdullah Alkanhal. "Nanotechnology for water purification: electrospun nanofibrous membrane in water and wastewater treatment." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 9, no. 3 (January 24, 2019): 232–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2019.057.

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Abstract The need for beneficial innovations in filtration expertise has lead to little consideration of cutting-edge materials, such as nanofiber membranes for water distillation. The presence of organic matter and traces of organics accumulation in wastewater poses a major problem and current technologies such as coagulation/flocculation and chlorine technology are unable to yield satisfying results. The extra volume of sludge generated by these technologies needs further processing and disposal. Nanotechnology has outstanding potential for filtration applications due to its capability to create precise structural controlled materials for such requirements. Electrospun nanofibrous membranes (ENMs) are cutting edge membrane technology that offer substantial high flux and high rejection rates compared to conventional membranes. ENMs present a revolution in water and sewage purification by offering a lightweight, cost-effective, and lower energy consumption process compared with conventional membranes. ENMs possess high porosity, generally approximately 80%, while conventional membranes have 5–35% porosity. Nano-engineered membranes have great potential in water treatment due to their exotic properties. In this connection, electrospinning membranes are emerging as a versatile technique with promising features for water treatment. This work highlights the application of ENM in wastewater treatment and surface modification of nanomembranes in order to address fouling issues and wastewater treatment from Tabuk Sewage Treatment Plant, Saudi Arabia.

32

Huang, J. Y., S. Takizawa, and K. Fujita. "Comparison of UV and chlorine pretreatment in pilot plant micro-filter membrane separation for drinking water." Water Supply 1, no. 5-6 (June 1, 2001): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2001.0120.

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Methods to control bio-fouling, i.e. UV-irradiation and chlorination pretreatment were evaluated in dead-end membrane filtration. Pilot-scale experiments were carried out at Kosuzume Water Purification Plant, which is located at the Sagami River in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As a result, both UV-irradiation and chlorination strongly suppressed the increase of transmembrane pressure and prevented bio-fouling. However, in the case of pre-chlorination, the membrane color changed from white to brown after a long use, causing irreversible membrane fouling due probably to manganese adsorption. Suspended solids removal by membrane filtration decreased the formation potential for CHCl3, but didn't affect the CHCl2Br and CHClBr2 formation potentials. Pre-chlorination, however, increased both CHCl2Br and CHClBr2 formation potentials, thus making up for the reduction in CHCl3 formation potential due to membrane filtration. UV-irradiation pretreatment combined with membrane filtration in the water purification process is regarded as an accessible method and was proved effective in controlling bio-fouling, which gave us a better water quality without increasing trihalomethanes in contrast to pre-chlorination.

33

Makridin, Eugene, Sergey Markov, Elena Murko, and Ivana Ondrejmiskova. "Open pit mine wastewater filtration in the overburden rock debris: case study." E3S Web of Conferences 303 (2021): 01033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130301033.

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Discharge of untreated quarry water into natural water reservoirs is unacceptable for environmental reasons. This circumstance is especially relevant for coal mining regions with a high density of mining enterprises. Treatment of quarry waste water at mining enterprises is a necessary process, provided for in the design documentation. It is due to the significant pollution of quarry water by suspended solids, dissolved salts and organic substances. In addition to expensive sorbents (e.g. zeolite), overburden rocks, confined to the mined area of coal deposit, are used for construction of filtering dams. They are used to construct treatment facilities designed for the entire lifetime of the mining enterprise. Thus, their permeability and purification capacity should be maintained for decades. The movement of filtered water in such massifs is subject to the known laws of filtration. Filtering dams should provide both a free movement of water and the required level of its purification. This is achieved by selecting the appropriate geometry of filter dams (their sizes, base slopes) and the choice of overburden capable of providing the required level of purification in a long and qualitative term. The article presents the results of studies of the geometry of the filtering massif and the methodology of selection of overburden used for the construction of filtering dams.

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Shao, Ai Jun, Shi Wen Wang, Lin Lin Chai, Qiang Wang, Ying Liu, and Song Yang. "Utilization of Coal Mine Water." Applied Mechanics and Materials 707 (December 2014): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.707.202.

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China is a big country of coal production, in the coal mining process, the great massive mine drainage has caused not only the waste of groundwater resource, but also environmental pollution. On the other hand, mining production and life supply water is very scarce. According to the mine water features, the majority of mine drainage water belonging to the mine water containing suspended, the mine water needs to do the necessary purification then can be used. What the purification mainly eliminates is the suspended. In this paper, the method of purification and the technological process about mine water are discussed. The main methods of handling are coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection. According to different characteristics of water quality, different ways of handling and technological processes have to be chosen. Finally, the purification and utilization of mine water are shown through practical examples, Pingdingshan Coal Group Company, Wannian Coal Mine of Fengfeng Group Limited Company and Tangshan Coal Mine of Kailuan Group Company, to have obvious social, economic and environmental benefits.

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Chen, Ruijun. "Preliminary Studies of New Water Removal Element in Purification Applications of Diesel Fuels." Journal of Fuels 2014 (December 21, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/708679.

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To effectively and efficiently remove water contamination dispersed in petrodiesel fuels, a new water removal element with both coalescence and separation features is studied in this paper. The unique droplet coalescence and separation mechanism occurring in the new water removal element is proposed. The conceptual design of this filter element is presented and the basic features of FCP filtration systems are briefly introduced. A laboratory test stand and fuel analysis procedure are described. The results from preliminary water removal tests with number 2 petrodiesel fuel demonstrate the filtration performance of the new water removal element. For example, within one single fuel flow pass through FCP filtration system equipped with the new water removal element and running at 2 GPM flow rate, the water content in 80°F, number 2 petrodiesel fuel stream can be reduced from up to 40,000 ppm upstream to 64.8 ppm or less downstream.

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Kimotho, Ibrahim, Naumih M. Noah, Mildred Nawiri, and Betty Mbatia. "Fabrication of Nanostructured Polyamic Acid Membranes for Antimicrobially Enhanced Water Purification." Advances in Polymer Technology 2020 (February 17, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7362789.

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Water scarcity and quality challenges facing the world can be alleviated by Point-of-Use filtration devices (POU). The use of filtration membranes in POU devices has been limited largely because of membrane fouling, which occurs when suspended solids, microbes, and organic materials are deposited on the surface of filtration membranes significantly decreasing the membrane lifespan, thereby increasing operation costs. There is need therefore to develop filtration membranes that are devoid of these challenges. In this work, nanotechnology was used to fabricate nanostructured polyamic acid (nPAA) membranes, which can be used for microbial decontamination of water. The PAA was used as support and reducing agent to introduce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with antimicrobial properties. The nPAA membranes were fabricated via thermal and wet phase inversion technique and then tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus following standard tests. The resulting nanoparticles exhibited excellent dispersibility and stability as indicated by the color change of the solution and increments of optical density at 415 nm for AgNPs and 520 nm for AuNPs. The wet phase inversion process used produced highly porous, strong, and flexible nPAA membranes, which showed well-dispersed spherical AuNPs and AgNPs whose rough average size was found to be 35 nm and 25 nm, respectively. The AgNPs demonstrated inhibition for both gram positive E. coli and gram negative S. aureus, with a better inhibitory activity against S. aureus. A synergistic enhancement of AgNPs antimicrobial activity upon AuNPs addition was demonstrated. The nPAA membranes can thus be used to remove microbials from water and can hence be used in water purification.

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Yuan, ChenDan. "Experimental Study on UF-NF Filtration Purification of Pipe Drinking Water." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1176 (March 2019): 062021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1176/6/062021.

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38

Shcherbakov, V. I., Z. S. A. Al'-Amri, and A. V. Mikhaylin. "DRINKING WATER PURIFICATION FROM STRONTIUM BY THE FILTRATION METHOD USING CLINOPTILOLITE." Vestnik MGSU, no. 4 (April 2017): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2017.4.457-463.

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39

Liu, Zhong Bin, Juan Tang, Huan Wang, and Jin Mao. "Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on Oil-Water Separation of Fiber Bundle Filter." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 1699–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.1699.

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In order to research the filtration effects of fiber bundle filter with three kinds of different entrance position, the oil-water separation model of two-phase flow is established. Keep other parameters constant and perform an analysis in detail on the outlet concentration of oil content. Describe the influence that filtration rate brings, which varies among 20m/h, 40m/h and 60m/h. Then an experiment has been done to verify the result. It is shown that, the entrance position located on the top of filter can obtain better filtration effect than the other two. In view of the consideration for filter precision and processing capacity, the 40m/L filtration rate is more reasonable. Besides, its filtration cycle is 14h and purification rate is more than 92%.

40

Govorova, Zhanna, Ekaterina Muraveva, Yulia Isachkina, and Vadim Govorov. "Technology of surface runoff purification." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 06019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199706019.

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Surface runoff from urban area is a potential source of pollution of water bodies. Characteristics of rainfall runoff in some cities of Russia and foreign countries are given in the article. Traditional wastewater treatment facilities include the mechanical removal of large items, debris and leaves; sand removal; water clarification in accumulative clarifying tanks; chemical dosing, contact filtration and deep purification in sorption filters. Four technological schemes were analyzed. Conceptual difference of the schemes is using a new construction of accumulative clarifying tanks and different types of filters with inert floating polysterene load (CFPZ-1, CFPZ (CS), AFPZ-4). The investigation results of pilot plant that simulates the purification process of surface runoff in clarifying, sorption and I and II step cartridge filters are given in the article. During the investigation period the water entering the pilot plant had the concentration of suspended solids – 81-180 mg/L, petroleum products – 2-8 mg/L, COD – 48-97 mg/L. Analysis of the dynamic of changes in the concentration of suspended solids and petroleum products in previously treated in accumulative clarifying tank water during the filter cycle at each step showed that purification efficiency in polystyrene load layer depends on the type and dose of flocculant, filter rate and duration of filtration. The investigation results were used for the development of recommendations for the intensification of operation of industrial filters and improving technological reliability of surface runoff treatment facilities.

41

Epimakhov, V. N., M. S. Oleinik, and L. N. Moskvin. "Reverse-Osmosis Filtration Based Water Treatment and Special Water Purification for Nuclear Power Systems." Atomic Energy 96, no. 4 (April 2004): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:aten.0000035992.49274.cd.

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42

Hatva, T. "Treatment of Groundwater with Slow Sand Filtration." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 3 (March 1, 1988): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0092.

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The purification process and techniques of the slow sand filtration method for treatment of groundwater was studied on the basis of pilot plant and full scale tests and studies of waterworks, to obtain guidelines for construction and maintenance. The purification process consists in general of two principal phases which are pre-treatment and slow sand filtration. Both are biological filters. The main purpose of the pre-treatment is to reduce the iron content of raw water, in order to slow down the clogging of the slow sand filters. Different types of biofilters have proved very effective in the pre-treatment phase, with reduction of total iron from 50 % to over 80 %. During the treatment, the oxidation reduction conditions gradually change becoming suitable for chemical and biological precipitation of iron, manganese and for oxidation of ammonium. Suitable environmental conditions are crucial in the oxidation of manganese and ammonium which, according to these studies, mainly occurs in slow sand filters, at the end of the process. Low water temperature in winter does not seem to prevent the biological activities connected with the removal of iron, manganese and ammonium, the chief properties necessitating treatment of groundwater in Finland.

43

IKEDA, Masayuki, and Hiroshi TSUCHIYA. "Membrane filtration technology in water works. Water purification treatment using hollow -yarn precise filtration membrane of backward air- washing type." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 25, no. 4 (1996): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.25.228.

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44

Veréb, Gábor, Viktória Kálmán, Tamás Gyulavári, Szabolcs Kertész, Sándor Beszédes, Gábor Kovács, Klára Hernádi, Zsolt Pap, Cecilia Hodúr, and Zsuzsanna László. "Advantages of TiO2/carbon nanotube modified photocatalytic membranes in the purification of oil-in-water emulsions." Water Supply 19, no. 4 (October 17, 2018): 1167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.172.

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Abstract For the effective purification of emulsified oil contaminated waters advanced treatment methods have to be applied, such as membrane filtration, which is able to eliminate macro-, and even nanoscale oil droplets, however, membrane fouling is still a major problem, which prevents economic utilization. Therefore, fouling mitigation is one of the most important aspects in the field of membrane separation developments. In the present study, solely TiO2 and TiO2/carbon nanotubes (CNT) composite modified PVDF membranes were prepared and used to purify oil-in-water emulsions. Achievable fluxes, reversible and irreversible filtration resistances, fouling models, filtration efficiencies and photocatalytic activities were compared in case of different nanomaterial covered and unmodified PVDF membranes. Applying either solely TiO2 or solely CNT coating resulted in the significant reduction of total filtration resistance in both cases, but the combination of the two components (TiO2 with 1 wt% CNT) resulted in by far the highest flux and lowest resistance, meanwhile, the enhanced photocatalytic efficiency of the composite was also achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this study demonstrates the beneficial effects of the combination of TiO2 and CNT nanomaterials for the first time in the field of membrane separation of oil-in-water emulsions.

45

Chu, Huaqiang, Bingzhi Dong, Yalei Zhang, and Xuefei Zhou. "Gravity filtration performances of the bio-diatomite dynamic membrane reactor for slightly polluted surface water purification." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 5 (September 1, 2012): 1139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.284.

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A bio-diatomite dynamic membrane (BDDM) reactor for surface water treatment under a water head of 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 cm, respectively, was investigated, which was very effective for pollutants removal. The water head exerted strong influences on filtration flux of BDDM during the precoating process, as well as on the formation of BDDM and turbidity variations. A high filtration flux (approximately 200−300 L/m2 h) could be achieved in the long filtration times of BDDM with a stable effluent turbidity of approximately 0.11−0.25 NTU. The BDDM could remove particles larger than 25 μm completely. The adopted sintered diatomite mainly consisted of macro pores, which were beneficial for improving the filtration flux of BDDM. During the backwash stage, the BDDM could be removed completely by the air backwash.

46

Zhao, Yuewen, Xiuyan Wang, Juan Yang, Changli Liu, and Shuaiwei Wang. "A modified slow sand filtration system of epikarst spring water in karst mountainous areas, China." Journal of Water and Health 19, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2021.242.

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Abstract Epikarst springs are commonly used for drinking water in karst mountainous areas, but they tend to bring health risks to residents because of their vulnerability. In this work, a modified slow sand filtration system (M-SSF) was established as a case study to purify and conserve the epikarst spring water. The outcomes indicate that the purification of M-SSF relies mainly on the adsorption and ion exchange of the filter medium (mixtures of heat-treated red clay and crushed limestone, MHRCCL) during the schmutzdecke juvenility, and on the schmutzdecke-formed food chain of pollutants → bacteria → protozoa after the schmutzdecke maturity. The closed water cellar lined with ceramic tiles could reduce the deterioration of epikarst spring water during storage. Via 16S rRNA sequencing, it was found that the high abundance of TM6_Dependentiae in purified epikarst spring water (PESW) suggested that the M-SSF system relies on the formation of a closed food chain to achieve effective water purification. The decrease of Pseudarcicella abundance in PESW indicated that M-SSF could effectively prevent the water quality from external influences represented by leeches. Besides, the 16S function prediction was used to qualitatively characterize microbial nitrogen metabolism, as well as organic matter degradation in water purification.

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Noyhouzer, Tomer, Nicholas A. Payne, Siba Moussa, Isabelle Beaulieu, and Janine Mauzeroll. "Portable and sustainable activated carbon-based device for electro-assisted water purification." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 7, no. 3 (2021): 622–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ew00971g.

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48

Hörman, A., R. Rimhanen-Finne, L. Maunula, C. H. von Bonsdorff, J. Rapala, K. Lahti, and M. L. Hänninen. "Evaluation of the purification capacity of nine portable, small-scale water purification devices." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 1 (July 1, 2004): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0051.

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A test was performed to evaluate the microbial and chemical purification capacity of nine portable, small-scale water purification filter devices with production capacity less than 100 L/h. The devices were tested for simultaneous removal capacity of bacteria (cultured Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae), enteric protozoans (formalin-stored Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts), viral markers (F-RNA bacteriophages) and microcystins produced by toxic cyanobacterial cultures. In general, the devices tested were able to remove bacterial contaminants by 3.6-6.9 log10 units from raw water. Those devices based only on filtration through pores 0.2-0.4 μm or larger failed in viral and chemical purification. Only one device, based on reverse osmosis, was capable of removing F-RNA phages at concentrations under the detection limit and microcystins by 2.5 log10. The present study emphasised the need for evaluation tests of water purification devices from the public safety and HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) points of view. Simultaneous testing for various pathogenic/indicator microbes and microcystins was shown to be a useful and practical way to obtain essential data on actual purification capacity of commercial small-scale drinking-water filters.

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Safonyk, Andrii, Olga Safonyk, and Victoria Zhabchyk. "Modeling and automation processes of water purification from multicomponent pollution." Modeling, Control and Information Technologies, no. 3 (November 5, 2019): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31713/mcit.2019.53.

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Mathematical models of the processes of cleaning liquids from multicomponent contamination by filtration, as well as diffusion-mass transfer perturbations and the development of numerical-asymptotic methods for solving the corresponding nonlinear regularly and singularly perturbed boundary value problems are shown. The construction of automation systems of corresponding treatment systems and complexes on the basis of solving model problems is presented.

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Di Vincenzo, Maria, Alberto Tiraferri, Valentina-Elena Musteata, Stefan Chisca, Mihai Deleanu, Francesco Ricceri, Didier Cot, Suzana P. Nunes, and Mihail Barboiu. "Tunable membranes incorporating artificial water channels for high-performance brackish/low-salinity water reverse osmosis desalination." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 37 (September 7, 2021): e2022200118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022200118.

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Membrane-based technologies have a tremendous role in water purification and desalination. Inspired by biological proteins, artificial water channels (AWCs) have been proposed to overcome the permeability/selectivity trade-off of desalination processes. Promising strategies exploiting the AWC with angstrom-scale selectivity have revealed their impressive performances when embedded in bilayer membranes. Herein, we demonstrate that self-assembled imidazole-quartet (I-quartet) AWCs are macroscopically incorporated within industrially relevant reverse osmosis membranes. In particular, we explore the best combination between I-quartet AWC and m-phenylenediamine (MPD) monomer to achieve a seamless incorporation of AWC in a defect-free polyamide membrane. The performance of the membranes is evaluated by cross-flow filtration under real reverse osmosis conditions (15 to 20 bar of applied pressure) by filtration of brackish feed streams. The optimized bioinspired membranes achieve an unprecedented improvement, resulting in more than twice (up to 6.9 L⋅m−2⋅h−1⋅bar−1) water permeance of analogous commercial membranes, while maintaining excellent NaCl rejection (>99.5%). They show also excellent performance in the purification of low-salinity water under low-pressure conditions (6 bar of applied pressure) with fluxes up to 35 L⋅m−2⋅h−1 and 97.5 to 99.3% observed rejection.