Статті в журналах з теми "Water governance water reform"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Water governance water reform.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 статей у журналах для дослідження на тему "Water governance water reform".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте статті в журналах для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Grafton, R., Dustin Garrick, Ana Manero, and Thang Do. "The Water Governance Reform Framework: Overview and Applications to Australia, Mexico, Tanzania, U.S.A and Vietnam." Water 11, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010137.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The world faces critical water risks in relation to water availability, yet water demand is increasing in most countries. To respond to these risks, some governments and water authorities are reforming their governance frameworks to achieve convergence between water supply and demand and ensure freshwater ecosystem services are sustained. To assist in this reform process, the Water Governance Reform Framework (WGRF) is proposed, which includes seven key strategic considerations: (1) well-defined and publicly available reform objectives; (2) transparency in decision-making and public access to available data; (3) water valuation of uses and non-uses to assess trade-offs and winners and losers; (4) compensation for the marginalized or mitigation for persons who are disadvantaged by reform; (5) reform oversight and “champions”; (6) capacity to deliver; and (7) resilient decision-making. Using these reform criteria, we assess current and possible water reforms in five countries: Murray–Darling Basin (Australia); Rufiji Basin (Tanzania); Colorado Basin (USA and Mexico); and Vietnam. We contend that the WGRF provides a valuable approach to both evaluate and to improve water governance reform and, if employed within a broader water policy cycle, will help deliver both improved water outcomes and more effective water reforms.
2
von der Porten, Suzanne, and Rob C. de Loë. "Water policy reform and Indigenous governance." Water Policy 16, no. 2 (October 7, 2013): 222–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2013.046.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Concerns related to the governance of water that have emerged at the global scale have created pressure for, and an increase in, water policy reform in many countries. Simultaneously, Indigenous governance movements related to self-determination are undergoing an immense period of growth and change worldwide; the 2007 United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples has been a milestone of this growth. These movements are significant because of Indigenous peoples' asserted rights to lands, waters, and natural resources. In this paper, we explore the extent to which water policy reform efforts recognize concepts of Indigenous governance and self-determination. The extent to which these concepts are recognized is critical because water policy reform often occurs in the asserted traditional territories of Indigenous peoples. Using an empirical case study of water policy reform in British Columbia (BC), Canada, we demonstrate why in Indigenous traditional homelands, water policy reform efforts should have regard for the main tenets of Indigenous governance. The findings indicate that, problematic assumptions exist regarding the role of First Nations. These assumptions have the potential to undermine the prospects for water policy reform. Revisiting these assumptions may be the basis for more effective, enduring policy changes. Implications for water reform processes around the world are discussed.
3
Begolli, B., and A. Lajçi. "Water services sector reform: the Kosova experience." Water Supply 16, no. 1 (July 18, 2015): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Governments of countries with emerging economies usually are not very successful in providing safe and sufficient potable water and adequate wastewater services to their citizens. The reasons vary from inadequate institutional structures to chronic under-investment in water infrastructure. To address this, governments embark on reforms based on commonly accepted principles of good governance such as: separation of policy, regulation and service delivery; protecting customer interests; and ensuring financial viability of water utilities and restructuring them so as to benefit from economies of scale and economies of scope. Kosova initiated water sector reforms in 2000 based on five pillars: (i) establishment of a legal and institutional framework, (ii) consolidation of 30 municipal water utilities into seven regional entities, (iii) incorporation in line with corporate governance principles, (iv) establishment of an independent economic regulator and (v) ownership and pushing of reforms by government. The paper describes the challenges encountered in implementing these reforms which, as far as the institutional and legislative framework is concerned, were successfully completed by 2008. Also, the difficulties associated with consolidation of newly created institutions resulting from the reform and defining their roles in the water services sector are described in the paper.
4
Taylor, Katherine Selena, Sheri Longboat, and Rupert Quentin Grafton. "Whose Rules? A Water Justice Critique of the OECD’s 12 Principles on Water Governance." Water 11, no. 4 (April 18, 2019): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040809.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article constructively critiques the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development’s (OECD) 12 Principles on Water Governance (the OECD Principles). The human rights standard, the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), provided the foundation for conceptualizing Indigenous water rights. The analysis used a modification of Zwarteveen and Boelens’ 2014 framework of the four echelons of water contestation. The analysis indicates that the OECD Principles assume state authority over water governance, make invisible Indigenous peoples’ own water governance systems and perpetuate the discourses of water colonialism. Drawing on Indigenous peoples’ water declarations, the Anishinaabe ‘Seven Grandfathers’ as water governance principles and Haudenosaunee examples, we demonstrate that the OECD Principles privilege certain understandings of water over others, reinforcing the dominant discourses of water as a resource and water governance based on extractive relationships with water. Reconciling the OECD Principles with UNDRIP’s human rights standard promotes Indigenous water justice. One option is to develop a reinterpretation of the OECD Principles. A second, potentially more substantive option is to review and reform the OECD Principles. A reform might consider adding a new dimension, ‘water justice,’ to the OECD Principles. Before reinterpretation or reform can occur, broader input is needed, and inclusion of Indigenous peoples into that process.
5
Fritsch, Oliver. "Participatory Water Governance and Organisational Change: Implementing the Water Framework Directive in England and Wales." Water 11, no. 5 (May 13, 2019): 996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11050996.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Public participation is central to the IWRM discourse and often associated with claims of improved environmental policy outputs and their implementation. Whilst the involvement of nonstate actors in environmental decision-making has attracted scholarly attention from various angles, our knowledge is scant as to the forces that drive organisational reform towards participatory governance. This article sets out to contribute to this largely neglected research area and explores conditions under which policy-makers would be willing to attend towards more participative water governance. Its ambition is twofold: first, to explore the conditions under which public officials attempt to institutionalise more participatory modes of water governance. To this end, I analyse the implementation of the Directive’s active involvement provision in England and Wales. For many decades, water management in England and Wales had a reputation for being a technocratic exercise. In the past 15 years, however, the Environment Agency has made considerable efforts to lay the foundation for enhanced stakeholder participation. Second, with reference to the case of England and Wales, this study contributes to understanding the difficulties that reformers may meet when it comes to building support within an organisation and to implementing reforms towards participatory governance.
6
Elmanaya, Nourelhuda, Harjito, and Eri Sofiatry. "WATER CRISIS AND WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN THE SYRIAN REFUGEE SETTLEMENTS IN LEBANON." Jurnal TAMBORA 6, no. 2 (July 21, 2022): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36761/jt.v6i2.2010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water scarcity is an urgent issue in the Middle East, and rapid population growth caused by the refugee crisis impose further demand on the water supply in the country. This research was carried out in order to portray the water crisis in Lebanon analyzing the water governance policies that have been implemented by the Lebanese government, especially after the Syrian refugee crisis. The aim of this case study is to describe the main reasons behind the water scarcity in Lebanon nowadays, besides analyzing the water governance strategies implemented by the Lebanese government and other international organizations to address this crisis within the context of the Syrian refugee crisis in Lebanon. Findings indicate that several actions must be done to minimize water stress in Lebanon if a political settlement in Syria is established and refugees begin to return to Syria. However, even if Syrian refugees return home and Lebanon's population declines, water scarcity will remain an issue that must be addressed. These long-term plans include agricultural water-use reform and, eventually, government water-sector reform.
7
van de Meene, S. J., R. R. Brown, and M. A. Farrelly. "Exploring sustainable urban water governance: a case study of institutional capacity." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 10 (May 1, 2009): 1921–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.190.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The sustainable urban water management system is likely to be characterised by complex and flexible governance arrangements, increased inter-organisational interaction and wide stakeholder participation, which contrasts significantly with the traditional approach. Recently there has been significant financial investment in urban water reform, however the reforms have not been as successful as anticipated and numerous institutional barriers remain. Understanding and assessing institutional capacity is central to addressing institutional impediments. Institutional capacity comprises individual, intra- and inter-organisational and external rules and incentives capacities. This paper reports on the first case study of a social research project that aims to develop an institutional capacity assessment framework. Empirical data from semi-structured interviews with 59 water industry experts in Sydney, Australia, and a broad literature survey were used. The key capacity attributes identified could form the basis of an institutional capacity assessment tool and reveal common and differing attributes across stakeholder groups which provide insight into stakeholder relations. Synthesis of the results revealed that intra- and inter-organisational capacities were facing particular challenges and should be explicitly addressed in reform, policy and capacity development initiatives.
8
Haileslassie, Zbelo. "Promoting Federalism, IWRM, and Functional Approach to Water Governance under Ethiopian Water Laws." Mizan Law Review 13, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 384–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mlr.v13i3.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Integrated functional approach to water governance in a federal state structure can avoid vertical and horizontal conflicts. There are queries on how functional approach to water governance can be promoted in the context of federal state structure. Other concerns include linkages, the meditating factor demanding for reconciling competing water uses, integrated water resources management (IWRM) and integrated river basin management (IRBM). This article assesses the existing governance framework and its suitability to promote functional approach to water governance, reconciliations and policy options. There are inconsistencies in the Constitution, Federal water management laws, river basin high councils and authority’s laws, policies, strategies and the regulation that establishes and defines the powers and duties of the Ethiopian Basin Development Authority. Moreover, there are missing links and integrations, centralizing tendencies and failures to accommodate and harmonize pluralistic and diversified local practices. The water laws need to integrate both the bottom-up approach (by empowering the grassroots and bringing efficient, equitable, and sustainable use of water) and top-down form of governance (to harmonize the inter-local linkages among and within regional states). The inter-state basin governance needs reform and the over-centralized role of the government to designate water institutions should be controlled. Reconciliation is mandatory for better empowerment, cooperation and harmonization at all linkages, levels and types of inter-governmental relations.
Key terms:
Federalism, IWRM-IRBM, Functional approach, Water governance linkages, Reconciliation, Harmonization
9
Blanco, Dennis V. "Urban Domestic Water Governance in the Philippines: Paradigms and Capacities." Philippine Political Science Journal 40, no. 1-2 (September 19, 2019): 69–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2165025x-12340003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The paper analyzes urban water governance paradigms in the Philippines using available literature and describes the various water policies with specific emphasis on the underlying main legal frameworks which relate to urban domestic water governance. It also focuses on various urban domestic water governance actors, institutions and stakeholders involved and engaged in water governance as an added dimension. Employing a synthesis integrative review and policy-capacity analysis, the paper proposes some key policy-capacity solutions in which urban domestic water governance actors and stakeholders can adopt and replicate, such as capacity-building, epistemic governance, and hydrosolidarity, as possible recommendations or ways forward in urban domestic water good governance studies. Finally, the paper recommends the need for potential review and reform of the main legal foundations, functions, and responsibilities of water institutions through the assignment and determination of jurisdictional capacities exclusively to specialized agencies within the urban domestic water governance framework.
10
BELL, STEPHEN, and ALEX PARK. "The Problematic Metagovernance of Networks: Water Reform in New South Wales." Journal of Public Policy 26, no. 1 (February 24, 2006): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x06000432.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper argues that we need to bring government back into discussions about network governance, via the concept of metagovernance which uses water reform in an Australian state as an example. Metagovernance is defined as the government of governance, and is a vital but under researched and under theorised problem because it is difficult and contentious. The paper identifies a range of metagovernance failures in this case and suggests that the lessons learnt by the Australian authorities from the experience have led to some rethinking about the benefits and desirable scope of network governance.
11
Hirsch, Philip. "Water Governance Reform and Catchment Management in the Mekong Region." Journal of Environment & Development 15, no. 2 (June 2006): 184–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1070496506288221.
Повний текст джерела
12
Qi, Lin Kai, and Hai Wei Zhou. "Study on the Basin Water Pollution Control and Optimization of Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 905–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.905.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based on the inter-governance theory, social network theory and analysis of organizational relationships, as well as water management basin analysis, the basin water governance constitute a large and complex governance network, and the network performance as demonstrated by the network is the effectiveness of water management basin. This paper focuses on the analysis of water basin management network in order to improve the performance of basin water resources management network for the purpose of optimizing the function from the organization, inter-organizational relationships optimization, network optimization optimize the attempt to reform the three angles.
13
Gerlak, Andrea K. "Resistance and Reform: Transboundary Water Governance in the Colorado River Delta." Review of Policy Research 32, no. 1 (January 2015): 100–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ropr.12114.
Повний текст джерела
14
Dinar, A., and R. M. Saleth. "Can water institutions be cured? A water institutions health index." Water Supply 5, no. 6 (December 1, 2005): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2005.0047.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Once we agree that appropriate institutional arrangements play an important role in explaining the level of performance of the water sector across countries, we still face the overwhelming role of defining, measuring and comparing institutional performance. Unfortunately, water institutions in many countries are dated and weak. While the evaluation of water institutions is critical to identifying the gaps between needed and actual arrangements, and consequently deriving reform strategies, methodological issues and data problems present major challenges for such comparisons. This paper develops the Water Institution Health Index, based on a set of legal, policy, and organizational variables identified from an institutional decomposition approach. The index is constructed for 43 countries based on an international sample of 127 water experts; it evaluates and compares the relative health of water institutions and their components across these countries, and demonstrates the linkage and consistency of this index with other economic, social and governance indicators.
15
Lai, Chee Hui, David T. Tan, Ranjan Roy, Ngai Weng Chan, and Nor Azazi Zakaria. "Systems thinking approach for analysing non-revenue water management reform in Malaysia." Water Policy 22, no. 2 (March 16, 2020): 237–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2020.165.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract High volumes of non-revenue water (NRW) threaten water security in many developing countries. The traditional technocentric water management regime largely neglects social and systemic complexities that need to be addressed for successful reform. This paper explores the challenges of water sector reform and NRW reduction in Malaysia to identify possible drivers that can accelerate the NRW management reform. The analysis uses a system thinking approach, with key systemic relationships represented with causal loop diagrams (CLDs). Findings reveal that the NRW management reform is influenced by technical, environmental, economic, social, institutional, and corporate governance factors. Using the CLDs, leverage points that can accelerate NRW management reform are identified. Policies and strategies that can accelerate the NRW management reform in Malaysia are recommended: (1) water supply security and sustainable development must be emphasised as the main concern for water sector reform; (2) understanding of the socio-economic benefits of water tariff adjustment by stakeholders is necessary to build political alliances for water tariff increments; and (3) the newly privatised water services providers in Malaysia require an integrated NRW reduction plan to optimise the time taken for NRW reduction and at the same time, transforming their current human resources that were inherited from the previous public water utilities.
16
Embaye, Zbelo Haileselassie, and Achamyeleh Gashu Adam. "Prioritization of Water Use Rights in Ethiopia: Exploring the Perspectives and Practices in the Governance of Awash River Basin." Mizan Law Review 16, no. 1 (September 30, 2022): 95–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mlr.v16i1.4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water governance mainly strives to ensure equitable and efficient allocation and prioritization of use rights. The scarcity of water resources in any setting can be a cause for conflict, wastage, depletion, and/or pollution. Prioritization of water use rights is considered as important principle of water governance to protect the human right to water, accommodate interests, avoid conflict, wastage and allocate available volume of water to potential users. This article explores the perspectives and practices of prioritization approach of water governance in Awash River basin. Qualitative research approach was employed, and the findings indicate that there are multiple interpretations by the key actors of the priority ladder amidst general and insufficient policy and legal frameworks. The practice also indicates that water allocation plan for the medium and large-scale water users are stated on papers whereas actual allocations are made based on convenience. It is critical to devise water reform and set prioritizing principles and standards. Moreover there is the need to apply the most feasible and comprehensive approach in water governance and avail the essential resources and technologies.
17
Chapagain, Dol Prasad. "Urban Water Supply Sector Reform in Kathmandu Valley." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v9i1.10678.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The sustainable governance of water resources requires that policy makers adapt to changing environmental and socioeconomic context. The efficient management of water resources is vital for its sustainable access and use. Therefore, adequate management practices are needed. Institutional reforms governing the water sector are undergoing remarkable changes and several efforts have been made in this direction for a long time to enhance the water service level. Currently, Kathmandu Upatyaka Khanepani limited (KUKL) is responsible for managing urban water and sanitation service to the Kathamndu Valley. It is the public company registered under the Nepal Government’s company Act 2006 and operates under public private partnership (PPP) modality, which is a part of urban water supply sector reforms of Kathamndu Valley. However, the basic requirement of water and sanitation service level has not changed sustainably. This paper focused to understand the institutional structure of the reforms and to examine the roles of institutions involved and stakeholders. This paper attempted to find out the real problem of water supply and why inadequate water service in Kathmandu valley though many institutional changes occurred. Literatures were reviewed and a descriptive, qualitative design was adopted to generate empirical data. This study finds that urban water supply sector reform of Kathmandu Valley is much closer to the Scott’s theory which consists of cognitive, normative and regulative structure and activities that work together provide stability and meaning to social behavior. However, findings are incongruent with this view point. Findings also show that focal problem of water supply is depleting water sources and widening the gap between demand and supply. Additionally, findings show that lack of coordination among stakeholders, weak institutional structure, unstable political scenario, and unplanned urbanization give rise to the problem, leading wider implications to the health of people and national economy. This paper discusses the results of the study and recommends improving the situation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v9i1.10678Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 130–141
18
Williams, Jessica. "Stagnant Rivers: Transboundary Water Security in South and Southeast Asia." Water 10, no. 12 (December 10, 2018): 1819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10121819.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Transboundary rivers are increasingly difficult to govern and often involve issues of national security, territoriality, and competition. In developing countries, the management and governance of these rivers is dominated by a particular decision making group, often comprised of politicians, bureaucrats, and engineers. These groups perpetrate a technocratic paradigm towards the management of transboundary water, with limited genuine international cooperation. The transboundary water situation in South and Southeast Asia is becoming increasingly fraught as the geopolitical context is changing due to China’s increased involvement in regional issues and climate change. With over 780 million people dependent on these rivers, their governance is vital to regional and international stability. Yet, the technocratic management of transboundary rivers persists and is likely to become increasingly unsustainable and inequitable. A discourse-based approach is applied to consider transboundary water governance in the shifting South and Southeast Asian context. The result is an alternative perspective of why governance approaches on transboundary rivers have resisted meaningful reform.
19
Moreira, L., J. Adamowski, S. Gaskin, and A. Saraiva. "The impact of poor governance on water and sediment quality: a case study in the Pitimbu River, Brazil." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 364 (September 16, 2014): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-364-429-2014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Applying a collaborative approach under a power-sharing institutional structure, coupled with a shift in paradigms, sustainable water resources management often requires political-institutional reform to achieve its goals. Most of Brazil’s river basins are subject to rapid urbanization; however, basin stakeholders generally lack sufficient institutional capacity to address the attending water resource issues. Subject to urbanisation, the Pitimbu River basin supplies potable water to approximately 280 000 people in Brazil’s Natal region. This study investigated how current institutional models influence both water management and fluvial contamination by metals. Sediment samples collected at eight sites along the river revealed elevated levels of Pb, Fe, Al, Ni and Zn, whose sources were linked to industries, vehicles, as well as agricultural and construction wastes. Aluminium enrichment of surface waters was mainly linked to inadequate sanitation infrastructure. In light of this, the region's poor institutional capacity must be addressed through institutional reform, including a new management structure open to public collective water management planning. In so doing, Brazil's water policies should acknowledge capacity building as a critical element of institutional reform.
20
Bischoff-Mattson, Zachary, and Amanda H. Lynch. "Adaptive governance in water reform discourses of the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia." Policy Sciences 49, no. 3 (February 4, 2016): 281–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11077-016-9245-1.
Повний текст джерела
21
Carrozza, Chiara. "Italian water services reform from 1994 to 2008: decisional rounds and local modes of governance." Water Policy 13, no. 6 (April 26, 2011): 751–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2011.030.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Italian water services reform, started in 1994, has been surrounded by a lively debate on water management models; however, the story of the reform is difficult to understand if only those models chosen by local public agencies are considered. This paper provides a general picture of the reform, analyzes the decision-making process and presents a map of local outcomes. The decision-making analysis considers the course of action taken by the actors involved in reform from 1994 to 2008, and summarizes the events into three rounds. The map of the local modes of governance is focused on the relationship between local authorities and utilities, and has been realized through a collection of data from the 91 areas in which the national system has been reorganized, which has allowed the definition of four ideal types of outcome. The analysis shows that the range of solutions is wider (and the boundaries between them more ambiguous) than commonly assumed by the mainstream national debate which appears to overestimate the role of tools and of formal instruments, and, conversely, to underestimate the real and differentiated abilities and power of the actors in the water sector.
22
Furlong, Kathryn, and Karen Bakker. "The Contradictions in ‘Alternative’ Service Delivery: Governance, Business Models, and Sustainability in Municipal Water Supply." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 28, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 349–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c09122.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Restructuring municipal water supply using ‘alternative service delivery’ models is a growing trend. The author examines potential contradictions between ‘alternative service delivery’ business models, on the one hand, and goals of good governance and sustainability on the other. A case study of water conservation and efficiency programs implemented by municipal water utilities in Canada is used to show that specific alternative service delivery (ASD) models which seek greater distance between management and government can create incentives which deter utilities from pursuing important social and environmental goals. The neoliberal governance reform that commonly accompanies and encourages ASD tends to exacerbate its deficiencies vis-à-vis conservation in the water sector. Still, the prevalent government-led service delivery model can impose trade-offs of its own. Strategic (rather than ideological) improvements in governance can enable municipalities to reap the benefits of a variety of business models (including ASD) without compromising sustainability objectives.
23
Ravnborg, Helle Munk. "Water governance reform in the context of inequality: securing rights or legitimizing dispossession?" Water International 41, no. 6 (August 23, 2016): 928–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2016.1214895.
Повний текст джерела
24
Rola, Agnes C., Corazon L. Abansi, Rosalie Arcala-Hall, Joy C. Lizada, Ida M. L. Siason, and Eduardo K. Araral. "Drivers of water governance reforms in the Philippines." International Journal of Water Resources Development 32, no. 1 (July 17, 2015): 135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2015.1060196.
Повний текст джерела
25
Ravnborg, H. M., and K. M. Jensen. "The water governance challenge: the discrepancy between what is and what should be." Water Supply 12, no. 6 (October 1, 2012): 799–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2012.056.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 2010, the UN General Assembly declared the right to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation as a human right that is essential for the full enjoyment of life and all human rights. Yet, findings from the Competing for Water research programme suggest that all too often, people in need of water for domestic purposes lose out to people and companies who claim access to water for productive purposes. Likewise, in many countries, specific water authorities at national as well as basin and watershed level have been formed and assigned the responsibility to allocate water according to the water policy and the associated legal framework. Yet, findings from the Competing for Water research programme show that real-world water allocation takes place through a wide array of institutions, ranging from the rural community, over agreements mediated by local lawyers, district officials and non-governmental organisations, to decisions made in the president's office. The Competing for Water programme entails empirical research conducted in Bolivia, Mali, Nicaragua, Vietnam and Zambia. Based on findings from this research, this paper identifies the discrepancies between statutory and actual water governance, analyses the underlying causes and explores the implications for ongoing water governance reform.
26
Galaz, V. "Water governance, resilience and global environmental change – a reassessment of integrated water resources management (IWRM)." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 4 (August 1, 2007): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.530.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) is gaining increased acceptance among water policy makers and researchers as a way to create more effective governance institutions, leading towards integrated water development solutions for poverty alleviation, while addressing social, economic and environmental aspects of water challenges. However, global environmental change poses fundamental challenges to water policy makers as it implies vast scientific, and hence, policy uncertainty; its implications for international water governance initiatives remain unspecified, effectively hindering dialogue on how current IWRM initiatives should be modified. This paper addresses the lag between our growing understanding of resilient interconnected freshwater resources (and their governance) and the reforms being promoted by policy makers. In particular, there is a need to rethink some of IWRM's key components to better tackle the challenges posed by the complex behaviour of interconnected social-ecological systems and global environmental change.
27
Wadham, Ben, Ross Boyd, Eileen Willis, and Meryl Pierce. "Reconstituting Water? Climate Change, Water Policy Reform and Community Relations in South Australian Remote Towns." Human Geography 6, no. 3 (November 2013): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861300600308.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water is a principal medium of exchange within communities facing changing climate patterns and the ‘new dry’. For some parts of the globe water has been taken-for-granted, uncontested, yet for others highly variable, scarce and a measure of global and national inequalities. Australia as a large and diverse landmass is emblematic of those varied water contexts, yet as a whole, and after the recent ‘100-year drought’, water has become heavily regulated and marketised, and its material and symbolic meanings transformed. This has led us to ask: “What happens when water becomes marked or recognised as a scarce resource for all, indeed a site of contest and potential human conflict? How do the attempts to control water, through its market currency and environmental value, change the character of communities, the identities and interpersonal relationships that constitute the regional context?” After all, water is about far more than a material resource, it is also a cultural medium that is implicated the most fundamental aspects of life. In this study we explore the ways in which South Australian's living in the arid north of the state, above the Goyder Line, live and identify through the changing relations of water. Those changing relations are the changing availability and governance of water, nested within an ever-present public concern about climate change. We draw upon interviews with settler community members from a 200 square kilometre region across 7 towns or stations. Alongside the growing dry has been the developing commodification of water, having the effect of reducing local autonomy in the management and decision making about water conservation, supply and use. This paper considers the ways that these changes have transformative effects upon the differences and solidarities within local community relations.
28
Ward, John, Peter Dillon, and Agnes Grandgirard. "Designing tradeable rights to manage aquifer recharge according to robust separation principles." Water Supply 8, no. 4 (October 1, 2008): 427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2008.102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many cities are experiencing mature urban water economies, characterised by limited opportunities for future water impoundments, rising incremental supply and infrastructure costs, intensified competition and increased interdependencies between diverse water uses. Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) is currently promoted as one option to augment existing supplies and in many jurisdictions is assuming increasing importance in the portfolio of urban water management strategies. Consistent with trends in international water policy development, Australian water reform has emphasised institutional and governance approaches promoting voluntary transfers of water through market exchange. The reform process has made substantial advances in addressing the constraints and tensions associated with mature rural water economies, with limited influence in urban water systems. What remains unclear is the degree of alignment of new water management technologies such as ASR operations with explicit water reform directives of market development and the capacity of subsequent urban water legislation to provide consistent and coherent ASR guidelines. The paper describes a systematic approach to align the hydrological characteristics of an aquifer with economic and policy interpretations central to the development and management of ASR. The paper introduces a schema to identify the elements of the urban terrestrial water cycle specific to ASR, the development of a typology to characterise the aquifer potential for ASR, and identify and determine the nature of property rights for each system element according to the principles of robust separation of water rights.
29
Mapedza, Everisto, and Kim Geheb. "Power dynamics and water reform in the Zimbabwean context: implications for the poor." Water Policy 12, no. 4 (January 5, 2010): 517–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2010.141.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Zimbabwe, the state has been reconfiguring the water sector since 1998, as has been happening more generally within the wider Southern African region. Within the water sector, as in broader environmental governance, decentralization is increasingly being proposed as an important step towards increased accountability, equity and positive social and environmental outcomes. Decentralization is defined as the devolution of powers to local level institutions which are downwardly accountable to their constituencies. This paper looks at the Zimbabwean case of decentralising water management and assesses whether or not this process has yielded positive social, economic and environmental outcomes. The paper views the reform process as a reflection of the power asymmetries that work against the interests of poor households in accessing water for both domestic and productive uses.
30
Anwar Hossen, M., and John R. Wagner. "The need for community inclusion in water basin governance in Bangladesh." Bandung: Journal of the Global South 3, no. 1 (January 7, 2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40728-015-0029-3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper we focus on the principle of community inclusion in water and ecological resource governance and document the negative impacts of its absence, in Chapra village, Bangladesh, on sustainable development and livelihood security. This community depends heavily on common property resources such as wild plant foods, fish and ‘natural’ crop fertilizers derived from river siltation and other sources. For the vast majority of people in Chapra, these common ecological resources create the ability to effectively match livelihood strategies to the conditions of both dry and rainy seasons. However, this socioecological livelihood pattern is increasingly undermined by the hydropolitics and top–down water management practices that prevail throughout the Ganges–Brahmaputra Basin in Bangladesh. These practices lead to ecosystem failures and ecological resource degradation which in turn cause survival challenges for the marginalized people who constitute the vast majority of the population. In this paper we explicitly seek to answer the question: how might community inclusion in governance processes help protect ecological integrity and common property resources and thereby support an alternative and more sustainable form of development for the region? In order to answer this question we first document the nature of livelihood practices in Chapra, based on 1 year of fieldwork, and then outline the mismatch that now occurs between livelihood practices, ecological characteristics and governance practices. We conclude with the argument that greater community inclusion in governance must be part of the solution to existing problems and we propose specific governance reform measures to facilitate community inclusion.
31
Nikku, Bala Raju, and Irna van der Molen. "Conflict, Resistance and Alliances in a Multi-Governance Setting: Reshaping Realities in the Andhra Pradesh Irrigation Reforms." Energy & Environment 19, no. 6 (November 2008): 861–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/095830508785363550.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this article, we will explore how local politics of policy, in the interaction with governance mechanisms, have produced specific polity outcomes in the irrigation sector of Andhra Pradesh. The water sector of Andhra Pradesh, which has been struggling within inefficiency, poor performance, deterioration, and lack of participation as elsewhere in India, has undergone substantial reforms aiming at Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM). Previous research has indicated how reform policy choices were contested and mediated by relevant actors and how this affected the outcome in key areas of irrigation management. This is referred to as the politics of policy. We will look at multi-level governance in a situation where different tiers represent different institutional basis, and argue that the politics of policy at multiple levels of governance can be perceived as a form of support and/or resilience by actors to new governance mechanisms/arrangements.
32
Pazarskis, Michail, Stergios Galanis, Maria Gkatziou, and Sofia Kourtesi. "Examining governance and performance of utility companies after mergers: a case from a municipal water company in Greece." Public and Municipal Finance 11, no. 1 (October 31, 2022): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/pmf.11(1).2022.08.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study deals with the governance and performance of utility companies following mergers in local government organizations (LGOs). It is demonstrated by using the municipal water supply and sewerage company in city of Serres as a case study of how the reform initiative known as “Kallikratis” has impacted Greek municipal water and sewerage companies. As a result of the Kallikratis Program, the municipalities were merged, and new data were added to the map of local government in Greece. The methodological approach entails surveying the economic analysis of raw data using a number of financial ratios (financial statements of the municipal company). The study’s findings demonstrate that the municipal company of Serres was able to plan the actions that resulted in an improvement of the majority of the examined ratios after merger events, despite the extra responsibilities and geographic areas that the Kallikratis Program added to the municipal companies and the reduction of the extraordinary subsidies as a result of the Greek debt crisis. Eleven of the fourteen ratios perform better than they did before the merger, while three of them actually perform worse (2011–2018). However, various and contradictory results about the evolution of these ratios are seen over the crisis era, as some of them initially show a partial improvement (in the midst of the economic crisis period), but then they gradually deteriorate by the end of the crisis.
33
Waskitawati, Diny. "MANAGING WASTEWATER IN DECENTRALIZED INDONESIA: COULD LOCAL DEMOCRACY IMPROVE PUBLIC SERVICE?" CosmoGov 4, no. 2 (October 30, 2018): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/cosmogov.v4i2.16627.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT This article seeks the construal of sounds local democracy and public service improvements in Indonesian decentralization context by bringing the example of wastewater management in Bandung Municipality. Data collected through series of interviews with respected individuals involved in wastewater service, particularly those who directly engage in water and sanitation projects funded by local and external funding sources. Despite the positive view on decentralization could create a more powerful local government in overseeing local development for more effective public service delivery. It also could be tested by the fragile administrative system and the immature local democracy. In the case of wastewater service in Bandung Municipality, for example, the respected institution called PDAM Tirtawening (Bandung Municipality Water Supply Agency) shows less efficient use of fund compared to the same project funded by the AusAID (Australian AID) as one of Indonesian development partners. Sound governance and administrative reform should be employed to achieve better public service performance. Keywords: local democracy, decentralized Indonesia, Bandung Municipality, wastewater management, governance reform
34
Bakker, Karen, and David Cameron. "Governance, business models and restructuring water supply utilities: recent developments in Ontario, Canada." Water Policy 7, no. 5 (October 1, 2005): 485–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2005.0029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many municipal governments are currently confronted with the need to restructure water supply systems. This paper examines how municipalities are restructuring water supply utility management in the province of Ontario (Canada), which has recently experienced significant and rapid legislative and regulatory reform in the water sector. The paper analyses restructuring in six different municipalities (Hamilton, Kingston, Peel, Peterborough, Toronto and York). It identifies six distinct business models adopted as an outcome of the restructuring process (delegated management to a private operator, corporatization of services provision, delegated management to a public operator, a municipal commission, a municipal ‘business unit’ and a municipal department) and examines the different approaches to governance adopted during the restructuring process. The case study is conceptualized through a discussion of the governance and restructuring challenges faced by municipalities. As municipalities are often confronted with a bewildering array of business models, governance frameworks and contract types when engaging in a review of restructuring options, the paper situates the analysis of the Ontario case within a general survey of business models for networked water supply. The paper concludes with a discussion of “lessons learnt” relevant to municipalities and higher orders of government when engaging in restructuring of networked water supply provision.
35
Ehrhardt, David, and Nils Janson. "Can regulation improve the performance of government-controlled water utilities?" Water Policy 12, S1 (March 1, 2010): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2010.112.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper provides evidence on whether regulation can improve the performance of government-controlled water utilities. While other studies have examined whether private participation combined with regulation can improve the performance of government-controlled water utilities, there has been little research on whether regulation alone can improve performance. This paper examines five case studies on water utility reform in Latin America and the Caribbean. In each case study, a regulatory regime designed for private companies was applied to a government-controlled utility. Assessing performance across a number of indicators, the evidence shows that performance was as likely to deteriorate as to improve during periods of regulation of government-controlled utilities. This contrasts with the evidence of improvement following reforms that combined regulation with private participation. The findings suggest that conventional regulation may be of little use in government-controlled utilities. Conventional regulation is designed to prevent a profit-maximizing utility from raising tariffs above reasonable cost-recovery levels. Government controlled utilities, however, are not commercially motivated and face systematic incentives for short-termism in tariff-setting. Therefore, limiting monopoly profits is not usually the problem that needs to be addressed. We conclude that conventional regulation of a government-controlled utility is not useful in isolation. However, regulatory tools can complement governance reforms. One approach may be to adapt conventional regulatory tools so as to help citizens judge utilities' performance. Such an approach would help increase government accountability for the performance of government-controlled utilities.
36
Maher, M., J. Nevill, and P. Nichols. "Achieving river integrity through natural resource management and integrated catchment management legislative frameworks." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 11 (June 1, 2002): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0387.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper reports on a project which further refines a model legislative framework first identified in a Land and Water Australia project in 1999. This framework is benchmarked against legislative excerpts from within Australian jurisdictions, as well as the major policy initiatives of the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) water reform agenda, the Commonwealth's National Action Plan on Salinity and Water Quality, and others. The model framework has been heavily influenced by current thinking on ecological systems, good governance, and organisational management. Another important product of the report is a statement of model statutory objectives and principles, suitable for use in water resource legislation.
37
Gerlach, Esther. "Regulating water services for Nairobi's informal settlements." Water Policy 10, no. 5 (October 1, 2008): 531–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2008.060.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water services regulation has been introduced to the Kenyan water sector as part of a comprehensive sector reform. The research reported in this paper analyses institutional arrangements and the legal framework for formal water service provision and regulation in Nairobi as well as the informal and largely unregulated water markets serving the majority of the population living in the city's many informal settlements. By tracing regulatory developments against a backdrop of steadily increasing population and high poverty levels, the paper examines the role of regulation in facilitating the early delivery of an appropriate level of service to low-income households. By 2006, regulation had only begun to address the significant gaps and ambiguities in the available baseline data and corresponding sector targets, and to include low-income consumers and their current providers into the regulatory framework, while a lack of financial viability prevented the main provider from expanding services into underserved areas. The findings highlight a continued need for institutional strengthening and good regulatory governance to drive pro-poor sector development.
38
Qureshi, Asad Sarwar, and Chris Perry. "Managing Water and Salt for Sustainable Agriculture in the Indus Basin of Pakistan." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (May 10, 2021): 5303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095303.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Indus basin of Pakistan occupies about 16 million ha (Mha) of land. The Indus River and its tributaries are the primary sources of surface water. An estimated 122 km3 of surface water is diverted annually through an extensive canal system to irrigate this land. These surface water supplies are insufficient to meet the crop water requirements for the intensive cropping system practiced in the Indus basin. The shortfall in surface water is met by exploiting groundwater. Currently, about 62 km3 of groundwater is pumped annually by 1.36 million private and public tube wells. About 1.0 million tubewells are working only in the Punjab province. Small private tubewells account for about 80% of the pumped volume. Inadequate water allocation along the irrigation canals allows excessive water use by head-end farmers, resulting in waterlogging. In contrast, the less productive use of erratic supplies by tail-end farmers often results in soil salinity. The major issues faced by irrigated agriculture in Pakistan are low crop yields and water use efficiency, increasing soil salinization, water quality deterioration, and inefficient drainage effluent disposal. Currently, 4.5 Mha (about 30% of the total irrigated area) suffers from adverse salinity levels. Critical governance issues include inequitable water distribution, minimizing the extent to which salt is mobilized, controlling excessive groundwater pumping, and immediate repair and maintenance of the infrastructure. This paper suggests several options to improve governance, water and salt management to support sustainable irrigated agriculture in Pakistan. In saline groundwater areas, the rotational priorities should be reorganized to match the delivery schedules as closely as possible to crop demand, while emphasizing the reliability of irrigation schedules. Wherever possible, public tubewells should pump fresh groundwater into distributaries to increase water availability at the tail ends. Any substantial reform to make water delivery more flexible and responsive would require an amendment to the existing law and reconfiguration of the entire infrastructure, including thousands of kilometers of channels and almost 60,000 outlets to farmer groups. Within the existing political economy of Pakistan, changing the current water allocation and distribution laws without modernizing the infrastructure would be complicated. A realistic reform program should prioritize interventions that do not require amendment of the Acts or reconstruction of the entire system and are relatively inexpensive. If successful, such interventions may provide the basis for further, more substantial reforms. The present rotational water supply system should continue, with investments focusing on lining channels to ensure equitable water distribution and reduce waterlogging at the head ends. Besides that, the reuse of drainage water should be encouraged to minimize disposal volumes. The timely availability of farm inputs can improve individual farmers’ productivity. Farmers will need to have access to new information on improved irrigation management and soil reclamation approaches. Simultaneously, the government should focus more on the management of drainage and salinity.
39
Pittock, Jamie. "Are we there yet? The Murray-Darling Basin and sustainable water management." Thesis Eleven 150, no. 1 (February 2019): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513618821970.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 2007, then Australian Prime Minister Howard said of the Murray-Darling Basin’s rivers that action was required to end the ‘The tyranny of incrementalism and the lowest common denominator’ governance to prevent ‘economic and environmental decline’. This paper explores the management of these rivers as an epicentre for three key debates for the future of Australia. Information on biodiversity, analyses of the socio-ecological system, and climate change projections are presented to illustrate the disjunction between trends in environmental health and the institutions established to manage the Basin sustainably. Three key debates are considered: (1) conflict over the allocation of water between irrigated agriculture versus a range of other ecosystem services as the latest manifestation of the debate between adherents of the pioneering myth versus advocates of limits to growth in Australia; (2) cyclical crises as a driver of reactive policy reform and the prospects of the 2008 Water Act forming the basis of proactive, adaptive management of emerging threats and opportunities; and (3) subsidiarity in governance of the environment and natural resources in the Australian federation. Implementation of the 2012 Basin Plan as promised by the Federal Government ‘in full and on time’ is a key sustainability test for Australia. Despite Australian claims of exceptionalism, the Murray-Darling Basin experience mirrors the challenges faced in managing rivers sustainably and across governance scales in federations around the world.
40
Youkhana, Eva, and Wolfram Laube. "Virtual water trade: a realistic policy option for the countries of the Volta Basin in West Africa?" Water Policy 11, no. 5 (October 1, 2009): 569–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.087.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Trade in virtual water, the substitution of the use of scarce water resources for agricultural production by importing food from water-rich countries has been said to be a potential solution to water crises and water conflicts throughout water-stressed regions worldwide. While trade in foodstuffs may have helped to alleviate water stress in parts of the Middle East and Northern Africa and provides an efficient response to the periodic drought occurrences, it has to be doubted whether virtual water trade is a water governance option that can be applied in many countries of the South. As examples from the West African Volta River Basin suggest, cultural values focussing on agricultural and livestock production, socio-economic factors such as a low level of education and a strong dependency of livelihoods on subsistence agriculture, weak governments that are unable to trigger and finance large-scale reform processes, as well as dysfunctional and unfair market systems, largely limit the widespread application of virtual water trade.
41
Grigg, Neil S., Theresa Connor, and Alex Maas. "Financing Integration of Urban Water Systems: From Service Provision to Resource Management." Public Works Management & Policy 23, no. 2 (September 27, 2017): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x17732789.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cities seeking to reform water management practices that degrade sustainability are challenged by limited resources, financial needs of legacy infrastructures, institutional barriers, and rigid regulatory environments. Stakeholders in urban water programs report that financial aspects of One Water top their list of concerns. As shown by local initiatives, integrated water management strategies based on the One Water concept can help to mitigate these problems and provide additional benefits and co-benefits. Experiences reported by cities identify practices that facilitate financial solutions to ongoing concerns. Drawing from three sets of One Water cases, 36 examples were shown to include significant financial innovation. Analysis of them pointed to strategies that involve organizational approaches, regional shared governance, partnerships, resource conservation, and corporate social responsibility. Financial innovation in each category requires further study to identify new opportunities and to validate feasibility, along with benefits and co-benefits.
42
Qin, Chang Bo, Yang Wen Jia, Hans T.A Bressers, Hao Wang, and Z. Su. "Towards Better Water Governance through Implementing IWRM in the Li River Basin, China." Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (October 2012): 578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.578.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Environmental degradation and unsustainable use of water resources has become an obstacle to further economic development and the well-being of the population in the Li River basin. This paper explores the concept and principles of integrated water resources management (IWRM) in relation to their applicability to the Li River basin. The assessment on its physical and socioeconomic characteristics and its current institutional systems in the Li River Basin provides an appreciation of the whole river basin. Sectoral fragmentation and the absence of coordination mechanism (or body) are identified as the institutional factors in this study that caused water related issues. In order to overcome shortfalls of the current fragmented management system, formation of Watershed Management Committee is highly recommended as the core of reforming efforts, which is expected to coordinate effective planning and implementation of equitable, efficient and sustainable use of natural resources in the basin with a view to improving the sustainability of its economic development. Several other reform recommendations are also provided and expected to be a departure point towards better water governance in the Li River basin through the implementation of IWRM. Lastly we explore to what extent the proposed recommendations would be supported by the current national policy framework.
43
Gumeta-Gómez, Fernando, Andrea Sáenz-Arroyo, Gustavo Hinojosa-Arango, Claudia Monzón-Alvarado, Maria Azahara Mesa-Jurado, and Dolores Molina-Rosales. "Understanding the Complexity of Water Supply System Governance: A Proposal for a Methodological Framework." Water 13, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 2870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13202870.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The question of how the complexity of water governance may be understood beyond a heuristic concept remains unanswered. In this paper, we propose a Water Governance Complexity Framework to address the complexity of water governance. Through a literature review, rapid surveys, and 79 semi-structured interviews, we propose how this framework may be operationalized using different proxies and by applying it to the case of the water supply system for domestic use in Oaxaca, Mexico. In places such as the rural communities of Oaxaca, where the state plays a partially absent role in the water supply, we found legal pluralism and diverse formal and informal stakeholders in a multi-level structure. At the local level, four modes of governance were identified, resulting from seven institutional change trajectories. These trajectories result from linear (alignment) and non-linear (resistance and adaptation) interactions between local, state, and national institutions over different periods. We provide a pragmatic framework to understand complexity through the organization and historical configurations of water governance that may be applied globally, providing a necessary starting point and solid foundation for the creation of new water policies and law reforms or transitions to the polycentric governance model to ensure the human right to water and sanitation.
44
Papas, Maureen. "Supporting Sustainable Water Management: Insights from Australia’s Reform Journey and Future Directions for the Murray–Darling Basin." Water 10, no. 11 (November 14, 2018): 1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111649.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Effective regulation of freshwater remains one of the biggest challenges facing our societies. In times of record-breaking weather extremes spurred by a changing climate, decision makers are increasingly aware of the need to formulate more effective governance to ensure the reliability, accessibility, and quality of this life-giving resource. In recent years, the Australian government has played a key role in water management. The government has managed a significant amount of water entitlements in the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB), through its Commonwealth Environmental Water Holder (CEWH) agency, in a bid to increase river flows and thus improve the river system’s environmental and ecological conditions. The CEWH is unique in many respects, and the Australian government’s control of its budget and actions is a critical aspect of the Basin’s sustainable long-term management. Despite the importance of this instrument, this article points out that there are serious issues with the current governance arrangements, such as inherent conflicts in the Murray–Darling Basin Authority’s (MDBA) role, which is a concern raised by the Productivity Commission. This article goes on to recommend the policy changes required to address Basin-wide issues and promote sustainable practices to ensure the MDB’s long-term resilience.
45
Sarkar, Uma Dey, and Bikramaditya K. Choudhary. "Reconfiguring urban waterscape: water kiosks in Delhi as a new governance model." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, no. 4 (November 11, 2020): 996–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.152.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract International organizations firmly ratifying the human right to water though neoliberal reforms have pushed for increasing commodification and marketization of water. Accelerated urbanization in cities of the Global South have intensified problems associated with access to water and innovative solutions such as water kiosks are seen as the future of water access in underserved areas. This paper studies access to potable water in four resettlement colonies of Delhi with a focus on the water kiosks which operate in these colonies. Tracing the broader reforms which have been initiated in the public utility (Delhi Jal Board), the paper investigates the model of water kiosk of these colonies and the extent to which access to water has been impacted by the introduction of the water kiosks. Based on the processes of changes and continuities in the waterscapes of formal yet marginal spaces in the city and concomitant reconfigurations in urban governance, the paper argues that water kiosks serve to reproduce the uneven power relations embedded in the process of neoliberal urbanization.
46
Harris, Leila M., and María Cecilia Roa-García. "Recent waves of water governance: Constitutional reform and resistance to neoliberalization in Latin America (1990–2012)." Geoforum 50 (December 2013): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.07.009.
Повний текст джерела
47
Omondi, James Ambuso. "Analysis of the Effect of Water Sector Reforms on Governance in Athi Water Services Board, Kenya." Journal of Public Policy & Governance 5, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 60–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/81018102t50012.
Повний текст джерела
48
Pascal, Habimpano Louis. "Analysis of the Effect of Water Sector Reforms on Governance in Athi Water Services Board, Kenya." Journal of Education 4, no. 5 (October 2, 2021): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/81018102t5013.
Повний текст джерела
49
Garrick, Dustin, Lucia De Stefano, Fai Fung, Jamie Pittock, Edella Schlager, Mark New, and Daniel Connell. "Managing hydroclimatic risks in federal rivers: a diagnostic assessment." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, no. 2002 (November 13, 2013): 20120415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0415.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hydroclimatic risks and adaptive capacity are not distributed evenly in large river basins of federal countries, where authority is divided across national and territorial governments. Transboundary river basins are a major test of federal systems of governance because key management roles exist at all levels. This paper examines the evolution and design of interstate water allocation institutions in semi-arid federal rivers prone to drought extremes, climatic variability and intensified competition for scarce water. We conceptualize, categorize and compare federal rivers as social–ecological systems to analyse the relationship between governance arrangements and hydroclimatic risks. A diagnostic approach is used to map over 300 federal rivers and classify the hydroclimatic risks of three semi-arid federal rivers with a long history of interstate allocation tensions: the Colorado River (USA/Mexico), Ebro River (Spain) and Murray–Darling River (Australia). Case studies review the evolution and design of water allocation institutions. Three institutional design trends have emerged: adoption of proportional interstate allocation rules; emergence of multi-layered river basin governance arrangements for planning, conflict resolution and joint monitoring; and new flexibility to adjust historic allocation patterns. Proportional allocation rules apportion water between states based on a share of available water, not a fixed volume or priority. Interstate allocation reform efforts in the Colorado and Murray–Darling rivers indicate that proportional allocation rules are prevalent for upstream states, while downstream states seek reliable deliveries of fixed volumes to increase water security. River basin governance arrangements establish new venues for multilayered planning, monitoring and conflict resolution to balance self governance by users and states with basin-wide coordination. Flexibility to adjust historic allocation agreements, without risk of defection or costly court action, also provides adaptive capacity to manage climatic variability and shifting values. Future research should develop evidence about pathways to adaptive capacity in different classes of federal rivers, while acknowledging limits to transferability and the need for context-sensitive design.
50
Nickum, James E., and Peter P. Mollinga. "Different Asias, same problems: negotiating the state-user interface in surface irrigation in China and India." Water Policy 18, S1 (October 17, 2016): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper explores the dynamic interface of state-water users' relationships in large-scale surface irrigation in India and China, to inquire to what extent the issues encountered in large-scale irrigation management and governance are independent of regime characteristics. Though operating in very different overall political regimes, China and India exhibit strong similarities in the way a central state has attempted to relate with local water users, in the types of policy instruments deployed to shape that relationship, and in the problems encountered. Both China and India have a long history of state involvement in irrigation management. Both saw massive expansion after the late 1940s. The state then tried to extend its control in response to ‘underutilisation’ of the created infrastructure, revenue shortfalls and perceived inefficiencies and yield gaps. In recent decades the policy approaches have, at least rhetorically, emphasised water users' self-management and governance, including financial self-management/cost recovery. In both countries the instrument for this has been Water User Associations. Results have been mixed, to say the least, on all counts. Larger institutional and policy characteristics adhering to the problematic of the state-user interface subvert stated reform objectives.