Увійти

Готові списки джерел за темами / Water debt / Статті в журналах

Статті в журналах з теми "Water debt"

Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Water debt.

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями

Оберіть тип джерела:

Ознайомтеся з топ-50 статей у журналах для дослідження на тему "Water debt".

Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.

Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.

Переглядайте статті в журналах для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.

1

Clarke, Martin, Pete Boden, and Adrian McDonald. "DEBTOR: debt evaluation, bench-marking and tracking - a water debt management tool to address UK water debt." Water and Environment Journal 26, no. 3 (November 29, 2011): 292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2011.00288.x.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

2

S., Muh Ikram, Suci Suci, Andi Nurrahma Gaffar, and Nurjannah Nurjannah. "Analysis of Financial Ratios in the Drinking Water Company (PAM) Tirta Mangkaluku, Palopo City." Dinamis : Journal of Islamic Management and Bussiness 4, no. 1 (December 17, 2022): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24256/dinamis.v4i2.3420.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This study aims to determine and analyze financial ratios (liquidity, solvency and profitability ratios) in the Drinking Water Company (PAM) Tirta Mangkaluku) Palopo City. The type of data used in this study is secondary data, where the data relates to the financial reports obtained from the Drinking Water Company (PAM) Tirta Mangkaluku Jalan Pongsimpin, Murante Village, Mungkajang District, Palopo City for the period 2014 – 2016. Based on the results of the study, it was found that Current The ratio cannot increase the added value of PAM Tirta Mangkaluku, Palopo City, but because the Current ratio (CR) is more than 100%. Thus, the company can pay off its current debt when billed. The Quick Ratio (QR) cannot increase the added value of PAM Tirta Mangkaluku Palopo and the results of current assets minus inventory are higher than current liabilities so that the company is able to pay off its current debts when billed. The debt to total asset ratio (DR) can increase the added value of PAM Tirta Mangkaluku, Palopo City, because the total assets are more than the total debt, so the company can pay off its total debt. The Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) can increase the added value of PAM Tirta Mangkaluku, Palopo City, because the total assets are more than the total debt, so the company can pay off its total debt. Economic Profitability (RE) cannot increase the added value of PAM Tirta Mangkaluku, Palopo City. Based on the calculation results of Own Capital Profitability (RMS) for the last 3 years from 2014 to 2016 there has been a fluctuating increase, the result is that Own Capital Profitability can increase added value to PAM Tirta Mangkaluku Palopo City.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

3

Shandra, John M., Eran Shor, and Bruce London. "Debt, Structural Adjustment, and Organic Water Pollution." Organization & Environment 21, no. 1 (March 2008): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1086026608314759.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

4

Mugiati. "Influence of Funding Sources and Business Diversification on the Financial Performance of Regional Water Company Jayapura Regency." Information Management and Business Review 8, no. 3 (July 31, 2016): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v8i3.1328.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

To examine and analyze the influence sources of funding consisting of long-term debt and capital to diversification business and financial performance of Regional Water Company Jayapura Regency. Methods of collecting data used were observation, interviews and secondary data such as financial statements and other documents that have to do with research. Data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively using the financial ratio analysis, Du Pont analysis and financial ratios specified by Decree 47 of 1999. The results showed that: the effect on the long-term debt diversification Regional Water Company Jayapura regency primarily on the acquisition of Long-Term Debt laba. Dan also affect the financial performance of Regional Water Company redgional Water Company Jayapura regency precisely at the level of solvabilitas, where based on research results Regional Water Company Jayapura Regency has a high level of solvabilitas, high solvabilitas is caused by injection of funds from the government charged as long-term debt. The use of equity capital effect on business diversification and financial performance of the Regional Water Company Jayapura regency. This is evidenced by a decrease in profit resulting from lower equity and the amount of long-term debt. Which due to the lack of balance between long-term debt and equity. And diversification efforts affect the financial performance of the Regional Water Company Jayapura Regency

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

5

Tuninetti, Marta, Stefania Tamea, and Carole Dalin. "Water Debt Indicator Reveals Where Agricultural Water Use Exceeds Sustainable Levels." Water Resources Research 55, no. 3 (March 2019): 2464–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018wr023146.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

6

Pempetzoglou, Maria, and Zoi Patergiannaki. "Debt-driven water privatization: The case of Greece." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 5, no. 1 (May 19, 2017): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v5i1.p102-111.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The privatization of water services is a basic conditionality in the structural adjustment programs imposed by international financial institutions, such as the IMF and the World Bank, on indebted countries. In the same sense, the financial assistance that has been offered to Greece from Troika, since the beginning of the financial crisis, in the late 2009, was accompanied by the commitment, to privatize, among others, the two largest public water companies. The consequences of water privatization policies include increases in prices, poor quality of services, little or no investment, rise of income inequality, high levels of corruption, loss of jobs and deterioration of working conditions. Despite the fact that privatization of water supply companies has been proven to be ineffective in many parts of the world and the tendency towards the remunicipalization of water services that has lately been detected, international financial organizations continue to set water privatization as conditionality. The unconstitutionality of the policy and the strong opposition of citizens and unions to water privatization seem to be inefficient to prevent the Greek government to proceed to the establishment of a public-private partnership in the water supply sector.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

7

Dodge, Cole. "Debt-for-water swap: a first in Sudan." Waterlines 8, no. 1 (July 2, 1989): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.1989.019.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

8

Znoj, Heinzpeter. "The Politics of Bonded Labour among Rattan-Collectors in South-Western Sumatra, Late 1980s." Asian Journal of Social Science 38, no. 6 (2010): 853–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853110x530769.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

AbstractAt the end of the 1980s, the commercial search for rattan in the newly-established Kerinci-Seblat National Park in south-western Sumatra relied on debt bondage as a means of labour control. In a village at the fringes of the park, land and water were ample and free resources but labour power was scarce. Since their land was of no monetary value, the local rice farmers had to pawn their own labour power to secure loans from traders. The focus in the article is on how this debt-bondage was negotiated and discursively constructed on an everyday basis between the indebted rattan collectors and their creditors. In these micro-politics of debt-bondage, the collectors relied on subsistence ethics to openly default on what they called ‘war debts’ to limit the degree of their exploitation. The article shows that this case of debt bondage in forest product collection was an inherently contested and unstable institution that was embedded in notions of mutual obligations within patron-client ties.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

9

Willis, David B., and Justin S. Baker. "A Coasian Approach to Efficient Water Allocation of a Transboundary River." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 40, no. 2 (August 2008): 473–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800023762.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The United States and Mexico recently resolved a decade-old water dispute that required Mexico to repay the accumulated water debt within one year. A Coasian analysis estimates the social welfare gains attainable to each country under an alternative debt repayment scheme that allows repayment over a longer time horizon and in a combination of dollars and water, instead of solely in water. Assuming average water supply conditions, under the agreed 1-year repayment contract, U.S. compensation value is 534% greater and Mexico's compensation cost is 60% less relative to when compensation is paid exclusively in water.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

10

Leurig, Sharlene. "Investment Risks for Water Projects." Texas A&M Journal of Property Law 1, no. 1 (October 2013): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/jpl.v1.i1.4.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Unlike most of the developed world, where investor-owned water systems serve the majority of the population, the United States relies mostly on water provided by public systems. To a great extent, these systems were financed through the taxation authority of the federal government—the iconic Hoover Dam only one of the many hundreds of pipelines and reservoirs built by agencies such as the Bureau of Reclamation and Army Corps of Engineers for the benefit of local economic development. Similarly, many of the drinking and waste- water treatment facilities in operation today were built to help communities comply with the federal Safe Drinking Water Act and Clean Water Act and financed in large part by federal dollars distributed through the Environmental Protection Agency, sometimes leveraged by state revolving loan funds. What of our public water systems has not been paid for by federal or state tax dollars has been debt-financed through the tax-exempt municipal bond market. Of the $3.7 trillion municipal bond market,1 roughly 10% is debt issued by water and wastewater systems to build, repair and expand water infrastructure.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

11

Tikuisis, P., D. H. McCracken, and M. W. Radomski. "Heat debt during cold air exposure before and after cold water immersions." Journal of Applied Physiology 71, no. 1 (July 1, 1991): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.71.1.60.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Acclimation to cold can manifest itself in several different ways, insulative and metabolic being the most common. Bittel (J. Appl. Physiol. 62: 1627–1634, 1987) has demonstrated that heat debt, which encompasses both heat production and heat loss, can be used as a unitary index of acclimation. However, conflicting results are obtained if heat debt is calculated using a mean-weighted body temperature (Tb) vs. the change of body heat content through the integration of heat storage (S). The present study examines the determination of heat debt by three methods of calculation, the first based on Tb and the other two based on S where heat losses are measured in one and predicted in the other. Data were obtained from five healthy young males exposed to 10 degrees C air for 2 h on four different occasions. The first two exposures provided control data, while the last two were performed after 5 and 10 days, respectively, of daily immersions in 15 degrees C water to induce acclimation. The variability in response between the control exposures was as large as that among the other exposures. Although the method of calculation using Tb indicated that subjects were close to a thermal balance after 2 h of cold air exposure, this contrasted sharply with the result of the other two methods that indicated heat debt was still increasing steadily. The latter two methods are considered more accurate for transient heat debt calculation. Although cases of individual acclimation were found, these were different among the subjects, resulting in pooled responses that indicated no group acclimation by means of any of the three methods of calculation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

12

Mian, Atif, and Amir Sufi. "Household Balance Sheets, Aggregate Demand and Unemployment (The Quaid-i-Azam Lecture)." Pakistan Development Review 50, no. 4I (December 1, 2011): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v50i4ipp.285-294.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

U.S. households accumulated debt at an unprecedented pace between 2001 and 2007. In the aftermath of the housing downturn, deleveraging by highly indebted households is the most important factor responsible for the current economic slump. The deleveraging process has led to sharp drops in both aggregate demand and employment. We argue that meaningful policies aimed at facilitating debt-reduction for under-water homeowners in the short run, and replacing non-contingent debt with contingent-debt in the long run are essential for a robust and sustained recovery.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

13

Tikuisis, Peter. "Heat balance precedes stabilization of body temperatures during cold water immersion." Journal of Applied Physiology 95, no. 1 (July 2003): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01195.2002.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Certain previous studies suggest, as hypothesized herein, that heat balance (i.e., when heat loss is matched by heat production) is attained before stabilization of body temperatures during cold exposure. This phenomenon is explained through a theoretical analysis of heat distribution in the body applied to an experiment involving cold water immersion. Six healthy and fit men (mean ± SD of age = 37.5 ± 6.5 yr, height = 1.79 ± 0.07 m, mass = 81.8 ± 9.5 kg, body fat = 17.3 ± 4.2%, maximal O2 uptake = 46.9 ± 5.5 l/min) were immersed in water ranging from 16.4 to 24.1°C for up to 10 h. Core temperature (Tco) underwent an insignificant transient rise during the first hour of immersion, then declined steadily for several hours, although no subject's Tco reached 35°C. Despite the continued decrease in Tco, shivering had reached a steady state of ∼2 × resting metabolism. Heat debt peaked at 932 ± 334 kJ after 2 h of immersion, indicating the attainment of heat balance, but unexpectedly proceeded to decline at ∼48 kJ/h, indicating a recovery of mean body temperature. These observations were rationalized by introducing a third compartment of the body, comprising fat, connective tissue, muscle, and bone, between the core (viscera and vessels) and skin. Temperature change in this “mid region” can account for the incongruity between the body's heat debt and the changes in only the core and skin temperatures. The mid region temperature decreased by 3.7 ± 1.1°C at maximal heat debt and increased slowly thereafter. The reversal in heat debt might help explain why shivering drive failed to respond to a continued decrease in Tco, as shivering drive might be modulated by changes in body heat content.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

14

Sidorkin, Alexander M. "Forever in Your Debt." Philosophy of Education 71 (2015): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.47925/2015.081.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

15

Yanti Lorenza, Manurung, and Atmoko Alfriadi Dwi. "THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL RATIOS ON PROFITABILITY OF CONSUMER GOODS LISTED ON THE IDX IN 2015-2019." Jurnal RAK (Riset Akuntansi Keuangan) 6, no. 2 (October 30, 2021): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31002/rak.v6i2.5711.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This study aims to examine and obtain empirical evidence of the Effect of Financial Ratios on Profitability in Consumer Goods Industrial Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis, Classical Assumption Test, and Hypothesis Testing with IBM SPSS Statistics 23. The test results show that partially Current Ratio, Total Assets Turn Over, Price Earning Ratio have a negative effect on Return On Assets. Debt to Equity Ratio has a positive and insignificant effect on Return On Assets, Debt Ratio has a negative and insignificant effect on Return On Assets, Fixed Charge Coverage has a positive effect on Return On Assets, Simultaneously Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Debt Ratio, Total Assets Turn Over, Fixed Charge Coverage, Price Earning Ratio affect Return On Assets.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

16

Yanti Lorenza, Manurung, and Atmoko Alfriadi Dwi. "THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL RATIOS ON PROFITABILITY OF CONSUMER GOODS LISTED ON THE IDX IN 2015-2019." Jurnal RAK (Riset Akuntansi Keuangan) 6, no. 2 (October 30, 2021): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31002/rak.v6i2.5711.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This study aims to examine and obtain empirical evidence of the Effect of Financial Ratios on Profitability in Consumer Goods Industrial Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis, Classical Assumption Test, and Hypothesis Testing with IBM SPSS Statistics 23. The test results show that partially Current Ratio, Total Assets Turn Over, Price Earning Ratio have a negative effect on Return On Assets. Debt to Equity Ratio has a positive and insignificant effect on Return On Assets, Debt Ratio has a negative and insignificant effect on Return On Assets, Fixed Charge Coverage has a positive effect on Return On Assets, Simultaneously Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Debt Ratio, Total Assets Turn Over, Fixed Charge Coverage, Price Earning Ratio affect Return On Assets.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

17

Clarke, Martin, Adrian McDonald, and Peter Boden. "Examining the Relationship Between Debt and Deprivation in the UK Water Industry." Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy 6, no. 1 (July 15, 2012): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12061-012-9077-0.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

18

Whelan, H. "Proposed ‘Debt for Conservation’ Plan." Environmental Conservation 15, no. 1 (1988): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900028617.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

19

Cristiano, Todd. "Consider Debt-Related Interest Costs in System Development Charges." Journal - American Water Works Association 112, no. 8 (August 2020): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/awwa.1562.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

20

Li, Xiumei. "Debt Financing Cost Evaluation Method of Shipping Enterprises." Journal of Coastal Research 103, sp1 (June 23, 2020): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/si103-153.1.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

21

Alam, Undala. "Cooperating internationally over water: explaining l'espace OMVS." Journal of Modern African Studies 50, no. 2 (May 18, 2012): 175–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x12000018.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

ABSTRACTSince the early 1960s, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania and Senegal have cooperated over the Senegal river. Contrary to the norms of managing international rivers, the riparians have subjugated their sovereignty and incurred national debt to jointly develop the benefits from their shared river, despite intra-basin tensions and conflict. The Senegal experience highlights an alternative path to tackling the consequences of climate change, poor water management and increasing demand. In seeking to explain the intensity of international cooperation displayed in the basin, this article examines the characteristics of international rivers and the Senegal basin's history, and concludes that Pan-Africanism, francophonie and the political leaders' attitudes to regional cooperation shaped l'espace OMVS.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

22

Huang, Chong Yin, Xin Sheng Xiong, Yong Zhao, and Li Shan. "Demand Analysis of Direct-Drinking Water for Wanlu Lake and Simulated Research on Pricing Strategy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 2303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.2303.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

There is no precedent in China which supplies uniform drinking water for a city or a group of cities, thus to study drinking-water pricing for Wanlu Lake has realistic and application values. Firstly this paper analyses sensitivities of water prices and installation fees on drinking-water demand. And then based on constraints of net asset profit margins and debt service coverage ratio four pricing strategies are given. Finally, simulations are made and reasonable water prices are discussed for each strategy, which provides references for developing of the direct-drinking water project for Wanlu Lake.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

23

Cynthia, Oguora Mmesoma. "Foreign Debt and Economic Development in Nigeria (2015 - 2020)." African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration 6, no. 1 (January 23, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajlpra-1jbl1tpt.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This study carried out an empirical analysis of foreign debt and economic development in Nigeria covering the period 2015 – 2020. The study used an ex post facto research design, which is based on examining the independent and dependent variables after events have already occurred and using data that is already available in order to determine the relationship between the variables. In order to gather data for this study, a documentary method based on the examination of documents and materials was used. Documentary methods are the procedures used to classify, examine, and analyze documents, whether they are in the public or private domain. To analyze the data generated from this study, the study relied on qualitative descriptive analysis. The major findings of the study are that there are other intervening variables that affect economic growth in addition to health and poverty indicators, external debt is viewed as being harmful to a nation's ability to advance economically, and given the impact of debt to the living standard of the Nigeria people, health expenditure on economics, it could be deduced that even though health expenditure increases, it could have a negligible impact on economic growth if it is not maximized effectively to produce improved health outcomes. It is therefore the recommendation of the study that government should diversify the nation's export base so as to increase export earnings and promote industrialization in order to reduce import dependency as a high exchange rate will make our goods more attractive in the foreign market and will increase foreign exchange earnings.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

24

Page, Diana. "International:Cutting the Debt, Saving the Forest." Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 29, no. 7 (September 1987): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139157.1987.9931337.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

25

Widodo, Isa Teguh, and Bambang Dwi Dasanto. "ESTIMASI NILAI LINGKUNGAN PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT DITINJAU DARI NERACA AIR TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT (STUDI KASUS: PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT DI KECAMATAN DAYUN, KABUPATEN SIAK, PROPINSI RIAU)THE ESTIMATION OF OIL PALM PLANTATION ... ." Jurnal Agromet Indonesia 24, no. 1 (June 19, 2010): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j.agromet.24.1.23-32.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Dayun area is one of the centers of oil palm plantation in Siak Regency. State-owned company that develops oil palm plantation in Dayun is PT Perkebunan Nusantara V (PTPN V) which is the first company developing oil palm plantation in Siak Regency. The oil palm plantations cause various effects to the environment; one of them is the decreasing water availability for the water stakeholders. The decreasing water availability causes additional cost to the community. The objectives of this study were to determine the decreasing of water availability which was caused by oil palm plantation, and its cost to meet the needs of water. The study used water balance model by Thornwhite 1957 and Willingness to Pays (WTP) analysis using questionaire of Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) in Sawit Permai, Dayun Subdistrict, Siak Regency. The land cover, before and after, affects the water balance which impacts the water availability in Dayun. The decreasing water availability was comparable with the increasing water demand in oil palm plantation, equal to 67 mm/year. Oil palm plantation had greater runoff than that of forest. The need of water in oil palm plantation in Dayun was 42.728 liters/ha/day, with the daily need of a single palm tree equal to 0,012 m3/s. Based on the analysis of debt estimation, there is debt decreasing which indicates the decreasing water availability in Dayun, around 349 m3/s yearly. The estimated value of the environment for oil palm plantation by water resources consumption based on the difference of forest and oil palm plantation during the dry season (JJA) is equal to Rp 7.500.000. Average WTP for the water conservation program is Rp 26.400, with WTP maximum and minimum up to Rp 45.000 and Rp 5.000, respectively. The economic value of water conservation program is Rp 18.850.000/month.Dayun area is one of the centers of oil palm plantation in Siak Regency. State-owned company that develops oil palm plantation in Dayun is PT Perkebunan Nusantara V (PTPN V) which is the first company developing oil palm plantation in Siak Regency. The oil palm plantations cause various effects to the environment; one of them is the decreasing water availability for the water stakeholders. The decreasing water availability causes additional cost to the community. The objectives of this study were to determine the decreasing of water availability which was caused by oil palm plantation, and its cost to meet the needs of water. The study used water balance model by Thornwhite 1957 and Willingness to Pays (WTP) analysis using questionaire of Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) in Sawit Permai, Dayun Subdistrict, Siak Regency. The land cover, before and after, affects the water balance which impacts the water availability in Dayun. The decreasing water availability was comparable with the increasing water demand in oil palm plantation, equal to 67 mm/year. Oil palm plantation had greater runoff than that of forest. The need of water in oil palm plantation in Dayun was 42.728 liters/ha/day, with the daily need of a single palm tree equal to 0,012 m3/s. Based on the analysis of debt estimation, there is debt decreasing which indicates the decreasing water availability in Dayun, around 349 m3/s yearly. The estimated value of the environment for oil palm plantation by water resources consumption based on the difference of forest and oil palm plantation during the dry season (JJA) is equal to Rp 7.500.000. Average WTP for the water conservation program is Rp 26.400, with WTP maximum and minimum up to Rp 45.000 and Rp 5.000, respectively. The economic value of water conservation program is Rp 18.850.000/month.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

26

liang, linxia. "rejection or acceptance: finding reasons for the late qing magistrate's comments on land and debt petitions." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 68, no. 2 (June 2005): 276–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x05000133.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

many scholars accept that the magistrate under the qing (1644–1911) dealt with land and debt disputes with great discretion. through the investigation of first-hand court records of magistrates' reasons for accepting or rejecting land and debt petitions, this article demonstrates for the first time that the assumption and myth that the magistrate either returned petitions to mediators for settlement or dealt with them in a solomonic fashion does not hold water. the magistrate rejected or accepted petitions on the merits of individual cases in accordance with qing law. it shows that litigation on private matters in the qing was rationally administered even at this stage.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

27

Kenny, Ardillah, and Prawira Samuel Oscar. "DEBT DEFAULT, IFRS IMPLEMENTATION, AND FOREIGN OWNERSHIP TO GOING CONCERN AUDIT OPINION." Jurnal RAK (Riset Akuntansi Keuangan) 6, no. 2 (October 30, 2021): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31002/rak.v6i2.5713.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The purpose of the study is to test the effect of debt default, IFRS implementation, and foreign ownership on going concern audit opinion. This study used the purposive sampling method. This research sample was taken from all listed manufacturing companies registered in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2017-2019. The data analysis method used in this study is descriptive analysis with the analytical method used in testing the hypothesis in this study using the logistic regression method. The results achieved from this study were that debt default has a positive influence on the going concern audit opinion, while IFRS implementation and foreign ownership have a negative influence on the going concern audit opinion.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

28

Parton, Kevin A. "Debt-for-Conservation Swaps in Australian Agriculture." Environmental Conservation 20, no. 2 (1993): 170–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900037711.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

29

Donnelly, Faye, and William Vlcek. "Drowning the Greek economy: Injurious speech and sovereign debt." Finance and Society 3, no. 1 (October 30, 2017): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/finsoc.v3i1.1938.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Drawing on Judith Butler’s concept of injurious speech, this article conceptualises the ‘Grexit’ crisis as a series of performances. More specifically, we investigate how the Greek government framed the bailout plans tabled by the Troika as a form of torture. By adopting phrases such as ‘fiscal water-boarding’, ‘asphyxiation’, and ‘suicide’, the Syriza government sought to narrate the harm inflicted on Greece by its creditors. Paying attention to this language is important as it casts new light on how Greek sovereign debt has been framed, negotiated, and contested. In many ways, the overarching objective of this article is to tell a different story that takes discursive transitivity and restaging into account. By shifting the emphasis onto injurious speech, the article also brings the unintended effects of this language into focus. Despite the recurrent accusations made by Syriza as it attempted to resolve the Greek sovereign debt crisis, this article questions whether their bargaining strategy ‘misfired’. On closer consideration, we find that the injurious speech acts performed by the Syriza government compromised their ability to negotiate a third bailout deal in 2015. The observations remind us that words can wound in ambivalent ways.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

30

Bosmans, Pieter, and Frederic de Mariz. "The Blue Bond Market: A Catalyst for Ocean and Water Financing." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 16, no. 3 (March 8, 2023): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16030184.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The blue bond market has emerged as one of the latest additions in the sustainable debt market. Its goal is to channel funding toward sustainable blue economy projects related to the ocean and freshwater. While the protection of hydric resources has gained importance within the problem of climate change, Sustainable Development Goals linked to water remain the most underfunded. Since the issuance of the first blue bond in the Seychelles in 2018, multiple public and private organizations have turned to the blue bond market to raise funds. However, unlike the green bond market, no comprehensive market overview exists, preventing stakeholders from judging whether this label has been effective in protecting water resources and drawing conclusions on its future potential. This paper draws on an extensive review of academic research and complements it with a unique and comprehensive analysis of blue bonds issued to date, providing a contribution to the literature on sustainable finance. Between 2018 and 2022, 26 blue bond transactions took place, amounting to a total value of USD 5.0 billion, with a 92% CAGR between those years. Currently, blue bonds represent less than 0.5% of the sustainable debt market. The use of proceeds has mostly focused on waste management, biodiversity, and sustainable fisheries, but also ranges across other areas of the sustainable blue economy. Only two-thirds of blue bond issuers report on impact metrics, providing further opportunity to add detail and rigor. We draw comparisons to the more mature green bond market and conclude that a lack of standardized definitions, metrics, and expertise by issuers and investors are significant barriers to the blue bond market. Resolving these barriers is crucial to attract corporations and ensure continued growth of the blue bond market.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

31

March, Hug, and David Saurí. "The Unintended Consequences of Ecological Modernization: Debt-Induced Reconfiguration of the Water Cycle in Barcelona." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 45, no. 9 (January 2013): 2064–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a45380.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

32

Yu, Hui-Cheng, Lopin Kuo, and Beiling Ma. "The Drivers of Corporate Water Disclosure in Enhancing Information Transparency." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010385.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This paper explores drivers of corporate water disclosure (CWD) from an aspect of accountability. Based on legitimacy theory and stakeholder theory, we propose six potential drivers of CWD. First, this paper uses an independent sample t-test to analyze differences in CWD among US firms. Later, potential drivers on CWD were identified using ordinal logit regression. These hypotheses posit that debt ratio, blockholders’ ownership ratio, inclusion in a capital market index (i.e., S&P500), and the status of belonging to a water-sensitive industry (WSensi) all have a positive effect on CWD. However, the relations of firm size and profitability on CWD are insignificant. This suggests that the supervision of blockholders and creditors can effectively improve the transparency of CWD.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

33

Brooksbank, David, David Pickernell, Adrian Kay, and Badrul Kassim. "The Emergence and Performance of the Bond Funded Water Company Model in the UK: The Case of Glas Cymru." Competition and Regulation in Network Industries 10, no. 3 (September 2009): 211–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/178359170901000301.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The not-for-profit, fully debt-funded and large scale outsourcing of Glas Cymru (GC) is unique in the England and Wales context, representing a fascinating case in water industry structure and regulation. This paper examines the suitability, desirability and wider feasibility of the GC model, compared with other water industries within the EU in general, and private-equity funded water companies in England in particular. Whilst GC's structure seems both suitable and desirable for its specific situation, research indicates that a particular set of circumstances surrounding GC's creation including advantages of timing and political support from the Welsh Assembly Government, may make more widespread feasibility of such a structure unrealistic within current regulatory structures for the water industry.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

34

Hagopian, John. "The Political Geography of Water Provision in Paris, Ontario, 1882–1924." Articles 23, no. 1 (June 27, 2013): 32–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1016695ar.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This article examines the social and political factors which influenced the development of the Paris, Ontario waterworks system from 1882 to 1924. Commercial, industrial and upper-class residential areas received prior service, even though the debt financing of the system was borne by taxpayers generally. This pattern reflects the purpose of the system, which was to protect valuable property from fire, rather than to improve public health. Municipal voting laws gave disproportionate power to owners of property and thus allowed their will to prevail. The findings could be expected in all Ontario municipalities, as municipal voting laws were provincially legislated. Historically, there has been a bias in water provision in favour of the affluent.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

35

Castellani, John W., Andrew J. Young, Michael N. Sawka, and Kent B. Pandolf. "Human thermoregulatory responses during serial cold-water immersions." Journal of Applied Physiology 85, no. 1 (July 1, 1998): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.85.1.204.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This study examined whether serial cold-water immersions over a 10-h period would lead to fatigue of shivering and vasoconstriction. Eight men were immersed (2 h) in 20°C water three times (0700, 1100, and 1500) in 1 day (Repeat). This trial was compared with single immersions (Control) conducted at the same times of day. Before Repeat exposures at 1100 and 1500, rewarming was employed to standardize initial rectal temperature. The following observations were made in the Repeat relative to the Control trial: 1) rectal temperature was lower and heat debt was higher ( P < 0.05) at 1100; 2) metabolic heat production was lower ( P < 0.05) at 1100 and 1500; 3) subjects perceived the Repeat trial as warmer at 1100. These data suggest that repeated cold exposures may impair the ability to maintain normal body temperature because of a blunting of metabolic heat production, perhaps reflecting a fatigue mechanism. An alternative explanation is that shivering habituation develops rapidly during serially repeated cold exposures.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

36

Forrer, Donald A., Jacob Boudreau, Elizabeth Boudreau, Sheronia Garcia, Christopher Nugent, Dean Allen, and Alexis C. Lubin. "The Effects Of Water Utility Pricing On Low Income Consumers." Journal of International Energy Policy (JIEP) 5, no. 1 (November 28, 2016): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jiep.v5i1.9839.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This study reviews ten water utilities in Florida utilizing current pricing models to determine how municipal utilities approach affordability. Water is no longer a commodity that can be taken for granted as the effects on the family budget has risen considerably in the past couple of decades. Increasing costs in capital, debt, personnel, chemicals, retrieval, and production have dramatically increased the price of water. Municipalities are faced with diminishing resources, escalating costs, and the need to consider those less fortunate when determining utility pricing. This research reviews programs available to utilities to offset the effect on capital requirements if municipalities adapt a low income friendly pricing model. Ten Florida municipalities are examined utilizing data from the 2012 Water and Wastewater Rate Study conducted for the American Water Works Association. Additionally, affordability programs for all ten municipalities are reviewed.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

37

Erfanian, Elham, and Alan R. Collins. "Charges for Water and Access: What Explains the Differences Among West Virginian Municipalities?" Water Economics and Policy 04, no. 04 (October 2018): 1850017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x18500170.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Examining both spatial and non-spatial econometric analyses with a dataset of 125 municipal water utilities, we investigate utility cost and community factors that explain variation in residential user charges and monthly access charges for water. The results of water charges model are consistent with the theory of water cost determination as water source, debt, and economies of size plus scale influence residential consumer charges for water. Both models (water charges and minimum monthly access) displayed positive spillover effects, although the only variable in either model with a significant indirect effect is water charges on minimum monthly access charges. Based upon model results, ground water use by utilities lowers water charges and is estimated to save residential customers in West Virginia over $3.6 million annually. West Virginia households typically pay far below the OECD standard of 3 to 5% of household income for municipal water, which may explain why socioeconomic factors do not influence minimum monthly charges for access.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

38

Li, Yuqi. "Mathematical Economics Analysis of Macro Debt and Economic Growth in Coastal Areas." Journal of Coastal Research 103, sp1 (June 23, 2020): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/si103-019.1.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

39

Patterson, Alan. "Debt-for-Nature Swaps and the Need for Alternatives." Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 32, no. 10 (December 1990): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139157.1990.9929058.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

40

Spears, Bryan M., and Lance FW Lesack. "Bacterioplankton production, abundance, and nutrient limitation among lakes of the Mackenzie Delta (western Canadian arctic)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 845–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-264.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The effects of nutrient availability and quality of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on bacterioplankton production were assessed in six lakes with differing frequencies of river flooding. Bacterial productivity, dissolved nutrients, and DOC were tracked weekly throughout the open-water period of 2001. Inorganic nutrient (N and P) enrichment microcosm experiments were conducted to directly assess the effects of DOC quality (i.e., mixtures of colored and noncolored DOC) and inorganic nutrient limitation on bacterial productivity among the lakes. Averaged over the open-water season, both abundance and production of bacterioplankton increased with decreasing flood frequency (R2 = 0.61 and R2 = 0.78, respectively). Reduced bacterial production occurred in frequently flooded lakes, where colored DOC, light attenuation, and phosphate were high but ammonium was low. Bacterial production was greatest in infrequently flooded lakes, where noncolored DOC and ammonium were high but phosphate was low. Bacterial production was enhanced by amendments of inorganic nutrients in duplicate experiments (two-factor analyses of variance). Production was also enhanced in response to higher concentrations of either colored or noncolored DOC following release from inorganic nutrient limitation. Size fractionated (<1 µm versus >1 µm) N-debt and P-debt bioassays typically showed demand for P and release of N by bacteria in all study lakes.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

41

Huby, Meg. "Water Poverty and Social Policy: A review of issues for research." Journal of Social Policy 24, no. 2 (April 1995): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400024880.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

ABSTRACTAbundant evidence exists to suggest that increasing numbers of people in England and Wales are facing difficulties in paying for water services. The reasons for these difficulties and their consequences are not easy to disentangle yet it is essential to understand them if policies for their alleviation are to be developed in the context of increasing costs of water service provision. This article suggests how social policy research can address the main issues at three levels: first by looking at economic, environmental and political considerations underlying increasing costs, the need for water conservation and changes in charging systems; second, by understanding how ability to pay depends not only on the resulting size of water bills, but also on income levels and access to organisational arrangements to help with payments; and third, by examining the impacts of inability to pay – debt and disconnection – on living standards, health and well-being.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

42

Gregoriou, Zelia. "“My man Friday”: Economizing Encirclement, the Other Phantasm, Derrida’s Debt." Philosophy of Education 72 (2016): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47925/2016.363.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

43

Bittel, J. H. "Heat debt as an index for cold adaptation in men." Journal of Applied Physiology 62, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 1627–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.62.4.1627.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Several types of cold adaptation in men have been described in the literature (metabolic, insulative, hypothermic). The aim of this study is to show that the decrease of heat debt can be considered as a new index for cold adaptation. Ten male subjects were acclimated by water immersions (temperature 10–15 degrees C, 4 immersions/wk over 2 mo). Thermoregulatory responses before and after acclimation were tested by a standard cold test in a climatic chamber for 2 h at rest [dry bulb temperature (Tdb): 10 degrees C; relative humidity (rh): 25%]. After adaptation, four thermoregulatory modifications were observed: an increase in the delay for the onset of shivering (32.7 +/- 7.99 instead of 14.1 +/- 5.25 min); a decrease of body temperature levels for the onset of shivering [rectal temperature (Tre): 37.06 +/- 0.08 instead of 37.31 +/- 0.06 degrees C; mean skin temperature (Tsk): 24.83 +/- 0.56 instead of 26.86 +/- 0.46 degrees C; mean body temperature (Tb): 33.03 +/- 0.20 instead of 34.16 +/- 0.37 degrees C); a lower level of body temperatures in thermoneutrality (Tre = 37.16 +/- 0.08 instead of 37.39 +/- 0.06 degrees C; Tsk = 31.29 +/- 0.21 instead of 32.01 +/- 0.22 degrees C; Tb = 35.92 +/- 0.08 instead of 36.22 +/- 0.05 degrees C); a decrease of heat debt calculated from the difference between heat gains and heat losses (5.66 +/- 0.08 instead of 8.33 +/- 0.38 kJ/kg). The different types of cold adaptation observed are related to the physical characteristics of the subjects (percent body fat content) and the level of physical fitness (VO2max).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

44

Taylor, J. Gary, and Robert M. Hollister. "New Report Links World Debt Repayment to Environmental Damage." Environmental Conservation 13, no. 1 (1986): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900035979.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

45

Dott, Robert H. "Charles Lyell’s debt to North America: his lectures and travels from 1841 to 1853." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 143, no. 1 (1998): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1998.143.01.06.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

46

Tillman, T., T. A. Larsen, C. Pahl-Wostl, and W. Gujer. "Interaction analysis of stakeholders in water supply systems." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 5 (March 1, 2001): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0316.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

An analysis of the characteristic goals, strategies and rules of behavior of relevant stakeholders allows the efficacy and potential risks of past and current engineering and management concepts to be estimated. The study is driven by the observable shift from security to cost-centered strategies by water utilities and the difficulties of balancing technical and financial needs in an uncertain future. Its benefits include a methodology with a twofold result. With the aid of domain knowledge from experts involved in a participatory process, the interactions of a subset of stakeholders are quantified and documented in a rule catalog. This leads to an improved understanding of their decision-making rules. An agent-based model comprising these stakeholders' rules of behavior in subsequently development. Once the model is validated with data sets from a real utility, multiple-scenario testing helps to explore different strategies and can be used to generate ideas for developing flexible management and design schemes. Despite the complexity of the system described, simple model rules which are repeated annually can replicate the general development of both capacity and cost-related parameters. Scenario simulations show the effects of different management strategies on key parameters such as capacity, water price and financial debt.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

47

Petohleb Černeha, Samanta, Maja Klun, and Srečko Devjak. "The Social Cost-Benefit Analysis as Estimation Methodology: Case Study for Infrastructure Projects." Central European Public Administration Review 11, no. 2 (May 9, 2014): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17573/ipar.2013.2.a03.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Local public investments are financed by budget funds (state, county, local), debt funds (loans or credits, municipal obligations) and non-debt funds (users’ charges and methods and techniques of public-private partnership). In this paper some theoretical issues about cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and advantages and limitations in applying it are discussed. CBA is used in the public sector in making decisions where it is relatively easy to determine the costs, but the expected benefits can be difficult to express in monetary value. To ensure an equitable quantity of financial sources according to negative difference between inflows and outflows is one of the most important goals of the project. Based on theoretical framework about CBA, a calculation was made on social profitability of the project Public sewerage and water protection in the Region of Istria. The main conclusion of this paper is that if the project achieves the social profitability, net profit and high economic internal rate of return, it is possible to accept the realization of the project.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

48

Myles, Sydney. "Accumulation by Dispossession." Potentia: Journal of International Affairs 9 (October 1, 2018): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/potentia.v9i0.4441.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This paper reviews the negative socioeconomic consequences of neoliberal debt repayment loan policies and bilateral investment treaties (BITs) proceeding financial downfalls in postcolonial nations. Amidst this era of globalization, many corporations residing in Western, capital exporting nations have taken advantage of flexible borders and financially weakened nations to capitalize on natural resources, such as water. In tandem, as climate change strengthens its grip on scarce natural resources in many developing nations, so do western corporations privatizing dwindling supplies in the face of high demand.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

49

Tucker, Doug. "Transforming a Provincial City: the Pilbeam Mayoralty in Rockhampton 1952–1982." Queensland Review 10, no. 1 (May 2003): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600002592.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Rockhampton City's colourful and controversial Alderman Rex Pilbeam, qualified public accountant and secretary, longest-serving mayor (1952–82) of any Australian city, took office when Rockhampton was burdened with heavy municipal debt, poor quality roads, costly water supply, little sewerage, and few recreational facilities. However, Pilbeam's vision, single-minded devotion, unflagging energy, political skill, and managerial flair brought a dramatic turnaround in the city's fortunes. Continuing after retirement with voluntary community service until his mid-eighties, the Pilbeam legacy to Rockhampton is everywhere in evidence.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

50

Pai, Hoo-Seok. "An Empirical Study on the Estimation of Adequate Debt ration in Korean Shipping Industry: Focused on Water Transport." Journal of Korean navigation and port research 39, no. 1 (February 28, 2015): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5394/kinpr.2015.39.1.69.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Ми пропонуємо знижки на всі преміум-плани для авторів, чиї праці увійшли до тематичних добірок літератури. Зв'яжіться з нами, щоб отримати унікальний промокод!