Готові списки джерел за темами / Water Accommodated Fraction

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Water Accommodated Fraction"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 липня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Water Accommodated Fraction"

Reed, Mark, Ivar Singsaas, Per S. Daling, Liv-Guri Faksnes, Odd Gunnar Brakstad, Ben A. Hetland, and Jorunn N. Hofatad. "MODELING THE WATER-ACCOMMODATED FRACTION IN OSCAR2000." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, no. 2 (March 1, 2001): 1083–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-2-1083.

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ABSTRACT Oil Spill Contingency and Response 2000 (OSCAR2000) is a multicomponent 3-dimensional oil spill contingency and response model tool for analysis of alternative response strategies. The model allows specification of oil using an arbitrary number of separate components or pseudocomponents. This specification is retained throughout the model domain, such that detailed information on the behavior, fate, and effects of complex mixtures can be incorporated accurately into the model. This detailed representation allows the model to make full use of laboratory data that typically are derived for individual oil components or groups of components. Examples of such data include toxicity, degradation, dissolution, and evaporation rates. An example application demonstrates the potential importance of the degradation process in determining the eventual fate and effects of a deepwater release of oil.

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Villanueva, R. D., M. N. E. Montaño, and H. T. Yap. "Effects of natural gas condensate – water accommodated fraction on coral larvae." Marine Pollution Bulletin 56, no. 8 (August 2008): 1422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.05.008.

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Solé, Montserrat, Astrid Buet, Laura Ortiz, Francesc Maynou, Josep Maria Bayona, and Joan Albaigés. "Bioaccumulation and biochemical responses in mussels exposed to the water-accommodated fraction of the Prestige fuel oil." Scientia Marina 71, no. 2 (June 30, 2007): 373–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2007.71n2373.

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Mu, Xiyan, Jia Liu, Ke Yang, Ying Huang, Xuxing Li, Wenbo Yang, Suzhen Qi, Wenqing Tu, Gongming Shen, and Yingren Li. "0# Diesel water-accommodated fraction induced lipid homeostasis alteration in zebrafish embryos." Environmental Pollution 242 (November 2018): 952–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.055.

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Mattos, Jaco J., Marília N. Siebert, Karim H. Luchmann, Ninna Granucci, Tarquin Dorrington, Patrícia H. Stoco, Edmundo C. Grisard, and Afonso C. D. Bainy. "Differential gene expression in Poecilia vivipara exposed to diesel oil water accommodated fraction." Marine Environmental Research 69 (January 2010): S31—S33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2009.11.002.

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Jiang, Zhibing, Yijun Huang, Xiaoqun Xu, Yibo Liao, Lu Shou, Jingjing Liu, Quanzhen Chen, and Jiangning Zeng. "Advance in the toxic effects of petroleum water accommodated fraction on marine plankton." Acta Ecologica Sinica 30, no. 1 (February 2010): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2009.12.002.

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Cariello Delunardo, Frederico Augusto, Helen Sadauskas-Henrique, Vera Maria Fonseca de Almeida-Val, Adalberto Luis Val, and Adriana Regina Chippari-Gomes. "Effects of water-accommodated fraction of diesel fuel on seahorse (Hippocampus reidi) biomarkers." Aquatic Toxicology 217 (December 2019): 105353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105353.

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Zhang, Yu Bai, and Xue Xi Tang. "Effect of Oil Water-Accommodated Fraction on Growth and Chlorophyll-A of Marine Microalgae." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.94.

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The experiment studied the 96h acute toxicity effects on three kinds of microalgae caused by Water-Accommodated Fraction (WAF), and effects of different concentrations WAF (Platymonas helgolandicavar.tsingtaoensis,Nitzschia closteriumf.minutissima00.524816 mg/L;Isochrysis galbana00.52.551020 mg/L) on chlorophyll-a content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. It showed that the WAF 96h EC50of thePlatymonas helgolandicavar.tsingtaoensis,Nitzschia closteriumf.minutissima,Isochrysis galbanawere 13.84mg/L, 18.83mg/L and 6.73mg/L. The level of WAF sensitivity wasNitzschia closteriumf.minutissima>Platymonas helgolandicavar.tsingtaoensis>Isochrysis galbana. The WAF caused inhibition of chlorophyll-a content except in condition of the low concentration. It showed the higher of the WAF concentration, the stronger the inhibition.

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Daskiran, Cosan, Wen Ji, Lin Zhao, Kenneth Lee, Gina Coelho, Tim J. Nedwed, and Michel C. Boufadel. "Hydrodynamics and Mixing Characteristics in Different-Size Aspirator Bottles for Water-Accommodated Fraction Tests." Journal of Environmental Engineering 146, no. 3 (March 2020): 04019119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0001656.

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Rudolph, A., R. Yañez, and L. Troncoso. "Effects of Exposure of Oncorhynchus mykiss to the Water-Accommodated Fraction of Petroleum Hydrocarbons." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 66, no. 3 (March 2001): 400–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001280019.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Water Accommodated Fraction"

Hafez, Abdelaziz Tamer. "Ecotoxicity effects of oil Water Accommodated Fractions and oil Water Accommodated Fractions + Dispersant on cold environments : Acarita tonsa based bioassays and microbial community dynamics as monitoring tools." Thesis, Pau, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PAUU3060.

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La pollution par les hydrocarbures est un problème émergent dans les mers du monde, en particulier dans les environnements froids où les procédures d'assainissement sont difficiles. Après un déversement de pétrole, la dynamique des vagues et d'autres facteurs d'altération introduisent la solubilisation des hydrocarbures, en particulier des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) dans la colonne d'eau, créant des fractions d'hydrocarbures solubilisés dans l'eau (WAF). Après une marée noire, des stratégies de lutte impliquent l'addition de dispersant afin de favoriser la biodégradation. Cependant, des études ont montré que les dispersants ont des effets néfastes sur les organismes marins. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier les effets des hydrocarbures altérés par le temps (WAF) dans les environnements froid, en focalisant su marine à l'aide de bior la faune essais in vivo et sur les communautés microbiennes. De plus, il est important d'étudier les effets toxicologiques de l'ajout de dispersant chimique au WAF et son efficacité dans la dégradation des hydrocarbures. Les essais réalisés en utilisant Acartia tonsa toxicologiques in vivo , comme organisme modèle, ont montré que les WAF préparées à partir de pétroles distillés (IFO 180 et Marine diesel) présentaient une toxicité élevée envers le copépode considérant les paramètres de létalité, de reproduction et indicateurs moléculaires Tels que les modèles de transcription des gènes. Ces résultats suggèrent que la composition chimique des WAF obtenues à partir de pétroles distillés ont contribué à une toxicité supérieure à celle des WAF obtenues à partir de pétrole brut. Cependant, l'ajout de dispersant dans les WAF obtenues à partir de pétrole brut a augmenté la toxicité envers Acartia tonsa . En outre, Acartia tonsa exposé au WAF contenant un dispersant a également montré une faible fécondité, une mortalité élevée et des profils d'expression génique affectés, soulignant davantage les effets toxique des dispersants. Après avoir examiné les effets du WAF et du WAF avec dispersant sur les communautés microbiennes dans des expérimentations en microcosmes, le dispersant ajouté au WAF n'a pas amélioré les taux de biodégradation. Cependant, le WAF avec dispersant a contribué à des changements dans la structure des communautés microbiennes et leur dynamique, à la fois dans l'eau et dans les sédiments, résultant en la sélection de certains taxons. Les résultats ont montré que les communautés microbiennes possédant des microorganismes dégradant les hydrocarbures, en raison d'une exposition chronique aux hydrocarbures (effet héritage), étaient responsables des taux de dégradation élevés des HAP dans l'eau et dans les sédiments. En conclusion, l'intégration à la fois des essais de toxicité in vivo et de l'étude de la dynamique des communautés microbiennes a ouvert la voie pour comprendre le devenir du pétrole, déversé dans l'environnement froid, après leur altération. Nous avons également évalué si l'utilisation traditionnelle de dispersant atténuait les effets du déversement de pétrole
Oil pollution is an emerging problem in the world seas, especially in cold environments where remediation procedures are difficult. After an oil spill, wave dynamics and other weathering fac tors introduce soluble oil hydrocarbons, especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the water column, creati ng Water Accommodated Fractions (WAF). As a form of remediation, dispersant are added to assist in biodegradation. However, studies have shown that dispersant have adverse effect on marine organisms. The objective of this thesis is to estimate the effects of the weathered oils (WAF) in cold environment, focusing on marine fauna using in vivo bioassays and microbial communities. In addition , it is important to evaluate the toxicological effects of added chemical dispersant to WAF and its efficiency in hydrocarbon degradation. The in vivo toxicological assays, conducted using the model organism WAF prepared from dis Acartia tonsa , showed that tilled oils (IFO 180 and Marine diesel) exhibited high toxicity toward the copepod considering the lethality, reproduction and molecular endpoints such as gene transcription patterns. This suggests that the chemical composition of WAF from the distilled oi ls contributed to toxicity higher than that of WAF from the crude oil. However, the addition of dispersant to crude oil WAF also increased the toxicity toward Acartia tonsa low fecun . In addition, Acartia tonsa exposed to WAF with dispersant has also shown dity, high mortality and affected gene transcription patterns, further highlighting the toxicity effects of dispersants. Upon examining the effects of WAF and WAF with dispersant on microbial communities using microcosm setups, dispersant added to WAF did not improve biodegradation rates. However, WAF with dispersant contributed to changes in the microbial community dynamics in both water and in sediment by selecting certain taxa. Results have shown that microbial communities with initial hydrocarbon degra ding bacteria due to history of chronic hydrocarbon exposure (legacy effects) were the main driver of the degradation rate of PAHs in water and in sediment. In conclusion, integrating both in vivo toxicity assays and studying microbial communities dynamics has paved the way to understand the fate of oil spilled in the cold environment after weathering and whether the traditional use of dispersant mitigated the oil spill effects

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Fines, Ida. "Effects of Crude Oil Water Accommodated Fractions (WAF) on the Escape Behaviour in Calanus finmarchicus Gunnerus (Copepoda)." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-15408.

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SammendragDen dominerende planktonorganismen i Atlanterhavet og Barentshavet er den calanoide kopepoden Calanus finmarchicus. Den er en nøkkelart i den marine næringskjeden, og har evnen til å lagre store mengder fett, som kan være den viktigste opptaksruten for lipofile forurensende stoffer til høyere trofiske nivå. C. finmarchicus er derfor betraktet som en økologisk relevant forsøks art.Ettersom en upassende respons til miljøbestemte og fysiologisk stimuli, som en årsak av toksiske effekter av forurensende stoffer, kan ha atskillige konsekvenser for overlevelse, selv på konsentrasjoner under dødelig nivå, er det viktig å undersøke adferds indikatorer for akvatisk toksisitet. Det ble totalt gjennomført fire eksponerings serier, hvor eksponerings media var WAFs basert på fersk og forvitret råolje. Eksponeringstiden var 24, 48, 72 og 96 timer. Endringer i flukt respons som en årsak av narkose indusert av olje eksponering ble målt. Parameterne som ble målt var flukt respons frekvens, flukt respons latens tid og utmattende effekter av repetitive hydrodynamiske forstyrrelser. Resultatet fra forvitret og fersk råolje eksponeringer viser at det skjer en nedgang i flukt respons frekvenser selv på konsentrasjoner langt under dødelig nivå, for alle eksponerings tider. Det ble derimot ikke funnet noen klar korrelasjon mellom råolje eksponering og endinger i latens tid eller utmattende effekter av repetitiv hydrodynamiske forstyrrelser.Tilstedeværelsen av signifikant reduksjon i flukt respons frekvenser i C. finmarchicus indikerer at endringer i flukt adferd kan fungere som endepunkt for toksiske effekter, av kjemikalier med konsentrasjoner under dødelig nivå, og kan blir brukt som en økologisk relevant biomarkør.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Water Accommodated Fraction"

Brakstad, O. G., and L. G. Faksness. "Biodegradation of Water-Accommodated Fractions and Dispersed Oil in the Seawater Column." In SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/61466-ms.

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Hokstad, J. N., L. G. Faksness, P. S. Daling, and Melania Buffagni. "Chemical and Toxicological Characterisation of Water Accommodated Fractions Relevant for Oil Spill Situations." In SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/61468-ms.

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Gang, M., D. Q. Xiong, and F. R. Lv. "Effect of Water-Accommodated Fractions of No.0 Diesel Oil on HOX1 Gene of Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus Sea Urchin." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5517379.

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Lv, Fu-Rong, and De-Qi Xiong. "Effect of Water-Accommodated Fractions of No.0 Diesel Oil on Embryos and Larvae Development of Sea Urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5162721.

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Yuan, Mengqi, You Wang, Xinxin Zhang, Shunxin Hu, and Xuexi Tang. "Integrated biomarker response index used in laboratory exposure of the mussel Mytilus edulis to water accommodated fractions of crude oil." In 11TH ASIAN CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL SENSORS: (ACCS2015). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4977264.

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Kim, Kyoung Hoon, and Horacio Perez-Blanco. "An Assessment of High-Fogging Potential for Enhanced Compressor Performance." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90482.

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Humidified gas turbines have the potential of enhanced cycle efficiencies with moderate initial cost. Evaporatively-cooled air compression is of importance to the power generation industry. The present work is aimed at contributing to a number of unanswered questions concerning the wet-compression process. Current operational margins limit the vapor mass fraction to 1∼2% by mass of the inlet flow. Yet, machines specifically designed to accommodate higher mass fractions are conceivable. Our aim is to explain the theoretical limits of those machines via a heat and mass transfer model. Continuous compression cooling via evaporation is modeled numerically based on droplet evaporation analysis. Parametric studies show the effect of variables such as droplet size, water injection ratio or compression ratio on transient behavior. Wet compression parameters such as evaporation time, compressor outlet temperature and compression work are estimated.

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Homan, K. O. "Thermodynamic Optimization of Electric Water Heating With Fully-Mixed Storage: First Law Efficiency." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/aes-23657.

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Abstract The energy consumed for water heating is a significant fraction of the total national use. The most common water heater design, particularly at the residential level, incorporates thermal storage capacity to accommodate the typically high energy withdrawal rates. For electric water heaters, the only significant loss mechanism is ambient heat exchange. In the present paper, three different configurations consisting of a fully-mixed storage vessel and an electric heating element are analyzed. Compared on the basis of equal performance, defined as a sustained draw at or above a minimum energy discharge rate, the configurations are shown to require significantly different storage volumes for identical energy input rates. Accounting for ambient heat loss, these differences in storage volume are shown to translate into appreciably higher thermal efficiencies for the configuration with the smallest required storage volume.

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Mi, Yi, and Akira Tokuhiro. "Dynamic PRA Based on System Codes Coupling for Passive Safety System in Integral Pressurized Water Reactor." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16558.

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Abstract An integral Pressurized Water Reactor (iPWR) type SMR was studied featuring Passive Safety Systems (PSSs). Different from active systems, PSSs are easily influenced by system parameters referred to as phenomenological factors such as heat loss, flow friction, oxidation, non-condensable gases and void fraction due to the low driving force of natural circulation. The system parameters also contribute to the uncertainty and dependency of PSS leading to the system unreliability. Thus, efforts are made to improve the reliability of PSS. A classical Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) model describing active systems does not consider time evolution nor event ordering for PSS that dynamic PRA can accommodate. Here we developed and realized coupling between LabVIEW and CAFTA. Isolation Condenser System (ICS) is taken as the benchmark system due to the simple design in single phase without phase change phenomena in order to mainly remove decay heat and secondarily depressurize the reactor pressure vessel (RPV). A classical PRA model of ICS using CAFTA is coupled with real-time simulation of primary loop and ICS in LabVIEW, leading to a dynamic simulation result. The difference in failure probability using dynamic versus classical PRA revealed that for one there are more component demands with different event ordering, such that improved PSS reliability in the iPWR-type SMR designs is possible.

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Yang, Wenming, Hui An, Jing Li, Dezhi Zhou, and Markus Kraft. "Impact of Urea Direct Injection on NOx Emission Formation of Diesel Engines Fueled by Biodiesel." In ASME 2015 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2015-1059.

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There are many NOx removal technologies: exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), selective catalytic reduction (SCR), selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR), miller cycle, emulsion technology and engine performance optimization. In this work, a numerical simulation investigation was conducted to explore the possibility of an alternative approach: direct aqueous urea solution injection on the reduction of NOx emissions of a biodiesel fueled diesel engine. Simulation was performed using the 3D CFD simulation software KIVA4 coupled with CHEMKIN II code for pure biodiesel combustion under realistic engine operating conditions of 2400 rpm and 100% load. To improve the overall prediction accuracy, the Kelvin-Helmholtz and Rayleigh-Taylor (KH-RT) spray break up model was implemented in the KIVA code to replace the original Taylor Analogy Breakup (TAB) model for the primary and secondary fuel breakup processes modeling. The KIVA4 code was further modified to accommodate multiple injections, different fuel types and different injection orientations. A skeletal reaction mechanism for biodiesel + urea was developed which consists of 95 species and 498 elementary reactions. The chemical behaviors of the NOx formation and Urea/NOx interaction processes were modeled by a modified extended Zeldovich mechanism and Urea/NOx interaction sub-mechanism. Developed mechanism was first validated against the experimental results conducted on a light duty 2KD FTV Toyota car engine fueled by pure biodiesel in terms of in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate. To ensure an efficient NOx reduction process, various aqueous urea injection strategies in terms of post injection timing and injection rate were carefully examined. The simulation results revealed that among all the four post injection timings (10 °ATDC, 15 °ATDC, 20 °ATDC and 25 °ATDC) that were evaluated, 15 °ATDC post injection timing consistently demonstrated a lower NO emission level. In addition, both the urea/water ratio and aqueous urea injection rate demonstrated important roles which affected the thermal decomposition of urea into ammonia and the subsequent NOx removal process, and it was suggested that 50% urea mass fraction and 40% injection rate presented the lowest NOx emission levels.

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