Дисертації з теми "Wastewater treatment (including water treatment processes)"
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See, Hwee J. "Optimisation of water and wastewater treatment processes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272064.
Повний текст джерелаWu, Shimin, and Shimin Wu. "Fate of Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists During Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623167.
Повний текст джерелаGhasemzadeh, Shahram M. S. "Effect of Hydraulic Fracturing Waste in Wastewater Treatment Processes." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1471254155.
Повний текст джерелаVagadia, Aayushi R. "Comparison of Bacterial and Viral Reduction across Different Wastewater Treatment Processes." Thesis, University of South Florida, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10977800.
Повний текст джерелаToday billions of people live without access to basic sanitation facilities, and thousands die every week due to diseases caused by fecal contamination associated with improper sanitation. It has thus become crucial for decision makers to have access to relevant and sufficient data to implement appropriate solutions to these problems. The Global Water Pathogen Project http://www.waterpathogens.org/ is dedicated to providing an up-to-date source of data on pathogen reduction associated with different sanitation technologies that are important if the world is to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to health and sanitation provision. In this research, a subset of the Global Water Pathogen Project (GWPP) data is used to access the reduction of bacteria and viruses across different mechanical and natural sanitation technologies. The order of expected removal for bacteria during wastewater treatment was reported as highest for a membrane bioreactor (4.4 log10), waste stabilization pond (2.3 log10), conventional activated sludge (1.43 log10), anaerobic anoxic oxic activated sludge (1.9 log10), trickling filter (1.16 log10), and upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (1.2 log10).
Furthermore, the order of expected removal for viruses was reported as highest for a membrane bioreactor (3.3 log10), conventional activated sludge (1.84 log10), anaerobic anoxic oxic activated sludge (1.67 log10), waste stabilization pond (1 log10), upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (0.3 log10) and trickling filter (0.29 log10). It was found that hydraulic retention time (HRT) had a statistically significant relation to the reduction of bacteria in an anaerobic, anoxic oxic treatment system. Similarly, a significant relation was found between the number of waste stabilization ponds in series and the expected reduction of bacteria. HRT was also found to be a significant factor in virus reduction in waste stabilization ponds. Additionally, it was observed that waste stabilization ponds, trickling filters, and UASB reactors could obtain a greater reduction in bacteria (5–7 log10) when combined with additional treatment (e.g., chemical disinfection or use of maturation ponds). Also, mechanized systems, such as activated sludge systems and membrane bioreactors, obtained a greater reduction (2–3 log10) of viruses when compared to a natural system. It was concluded that the selection of the best suitable technology for pathogen reduction depends on environmental, design, and operational factors as well as considering the performance of specific wastewater treatment systems individually as well as when combined with other treatment technologies that may provide added removal of microbial constituents.
Litteken, Garrett Michael. "IMPACT OF WATER TREATMENT PLANT ALUM SLUDGE RESIDUALS ON WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES: A CASE STUDY." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2246.
Повний текст джерелаVagadia, Aayushi R. "Comparison of Bacterial and Viral Reduction Across Different Wastewater Treatment Processes." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7586.
Повний текст джерелаTrahern, Patti Gremillion. "A comparative study of freeze-thaw processes for conditioning wastewater and water treatment sludges." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53845.
Повний текст джерелаPh. D.
Khalid, Muhammad Imran. "Development of an intelligent dynamic modelling system for the diagnosis of wastewater treatment processes." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1153.
Повний текст джерелаMaeng, Sung Kyu. "Effect of a silver-bearing photoprocessing wastewater and silver compounds on biological treatment processes." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19024.
Повний текст джерелаHansson, Henrik. "TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER GENERATED BY WOOD-BASED DRY INDUSTRIES: ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSES & ELECTROCOAGULATION." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-36437.
Повний текст джерелаTrä är ett material med ett stort antal möjliga användningsområden. Inom träindustrin har utvecklingen av vattenbehandlingsmetoder varit inriktat på de branscher som har vatten som en del av produktionen, såsom papper- och massaindustrin. Men det finns en stor och potentiellt växande sektor inom träindustrin som har försummats, den utgörs av industrier som inte har vatten som en del av produktionen, t.ex. trägolv och trämöbel industrier. Trots detta så producerar dessa industrier fortfarande relativt kraftigt förorenade avloppsvatten med t.ex. COD-värden upp till 30000 mg/l men i relativt låga volymer. Dessa avloppsvatten uppkommer vid rengöring av maskiner och städning av lokaler, varefter de oftast efter utspädning med dricksvatten skickas till det kommunala reningsverket. Väl där späds det förorenade vattnet vidare ut med annat inkommande vatten men passerar dock till stor del obehandlat och släpps ut i mottagande vattendrag eller så fastnar föroreningarna i avloppsslamet. Dagvatten är en annan typ av förorenat vatten från dessa "torra industrier" som ofta genereras i stora volymer och innehåller föroreningar som lakats från de trämaterial som förvaras i de stora upplag som ofta förekommer vid denna typ av industrier. Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen var att öka kunskapen och kompetensen för att kunna miljömässigt riktigt och ekonomiskt billigt behandla industriavloppsvatten lokalt på plats inom trävaruindustrin, genom att använda en trä-golvsindustri som fallstudie. Fokus lades på kombinerade behandlingsmetoder och lösningar som skulle kunna vara lämpliga både för industriavloppsvatten och dagvatten. Ett antal behandlingstekniker har undersökts; elektrokoagulering studerades både som en fristående behandling och i kombination med aktivt kol. Den kombinerade behandlingen gav en COD-reduktion på ungefär 70 %. Flera avancerade oxidationsprocesser (AOP) studerades också, och en COD-reduktion på cirka 70% uppnåddes med en kombination av UV-ljus och Fenton behandling. Den mest framgångsrika behandlingen var ozon i kombination med UV-ljus där en COD-reduktion runt 90 % uppnåddes varvid en avsevärd förbättring av den biologisk nedbrytbarhet på det behandlade avloppsvattenet erhölls. Ozon visade sig också vara effektivt för nedbrytning av organiska föreningar (ca 70% COD reduktion) och förbättrade den biologiska nedbrytbarheten av föroreningarna i dagvattnet från den studerade industrin. Resultaten har visat att ozon kan anses vara ett lämpligt alternativ för att behandla industriavloppsvatten inom trävarusektorn och möjligen för att öka den biologiska nedbrytbarheten av dagvattnet från dessa industrier
Integrated Approach for Handling of Industrial Wastewater and Stormwater
Triple Helix Collaboration on Industrial Water Conservation in Småland and the Islands
Farré, Olalla Ma José. "Combination of Advanced Oxidation Processes with biological treatment for the remediation of water polluted with herbicides." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3251.
Повний текст джерелаAquest tesi desenvolupa una estratègia d'acoblament entre sistemes químics i biològics per tractar herbicides específics com exemple de contaminants tòxics i no biodegradables produïts per l'home.
Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are chemical degradation techniques based on the in situ production of the powerful reactive hydroxyl radical. The coupling between AOPs and biological systems for the treatment of water polluted with biorecalcitrant compounds is a useful alternative to conventional management methods. The main benefit of these coupled treatments is the minimization of the chemical pretreatment to generate more biodegradable by-products. Subsequently, a conventional wastewater treatment, based on the activity of microorganisms, can be used to completely remove organic matter from solution.
This thesis deals with the development of a chemical and biological coupling strategy to treat some specific herbicides as examples of toxic and non biodegradable anthropogenic pollutants.
Cheng, Long, and Long Cheng. "Effectiveness of Engineered and Natural Wastewater Treatment Processes for the Removal of Trace Organics in Water Reuse." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624475.
Повний текст джерелаTomasini, Horacio Reynaldo. "Permeate quality assessment and concentrate recovery in wastewater treatment by membrane processes and reuse for irrigation purposes." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
Знайти повний текст джерелаCairns, Maryann R. "Environment, Rights, and Waste in Bolivia: Addressing Water and Sanitation Processes for Improved Infrastructure." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5197.
Повний текст джерелаBergseije, Victor. "Effects of Heat Transfer Fluid from District Heating Networks on Activated Sludge : A respirometric analysis using a dilution series to assess disruption of biological treatment processes in wastewater treatment facilities." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-34038.
Повний текст джерелаJuholin, P. (Piia). "Hybrid membrane processes in industrial water treatment:separation and recovery of inorganic compounds." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2016. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526214412.
Повний текст джерелаTiivistelmä Teollisuuden jätevedet voivat sisältää kohonneita haitta-ainepitoisuuksia, kuten raskasmetalleja ja suoloja. Teollisuuden jätevedet voivat sisältää myös ravinteita, esimerkiksi typen yhdisteitä ja fosforia. Jätevesien syntymistä ei aina voida ennaltaehkäistä, ja siksi uusille entistä tehokkaammille vedenkäsittelymenetelmille on tarvetta. Lisäksi myös lainsäädäntö vaatii entistä tehokkaampaa vesien puhdistusta, mikä osaltaan edistää entistä tehokkaampien puhdistustekniikoiden kehitystä sekä erotettujen aineiden talteenottoa. Yksi aktiivisen tutkimuksen kohteena oleva vesienkäsittelyssä käytetty menetelmä on kalvoerotustekniikka. Kalvoerotustekniikoilla voidaan erottaa tehokkaasti raskasmetalli-ioneja, sulfaattia ja ravinteita, kuten typpiyhdisteitä teollisuuden jätevesistä myös alhaisissa pitoisuuksissa, missä yleisesti käytettävät menetelmät voivat olla tehottomia. Yksi kalvoerotusmenetelmien ongelma on kalvojen likaantuminen, mikä alentaa kalvojen erotustehokkuutta ja vähentää tuottavuutta. Tässä tutkimuksessa kalvojen likaantumistaipumista on vähennetty yhdistämällä kalvoerotustekniikoita muihin erotusmenetelmiin hybriditekniikoiksi. Tässä työssä on tutkittu kolmea eri hybridimenetelmää. Sinkkioksidilla pinnoitettuja nanosuodatuskalvoja tutkittiin ja verrattiin kaupallisiin nanosuodatuskalvoihin kaivosteollisuuden vesien puhdistuksessa mm. sulfaatista. Katalyyttipinnoite muutti kalvoja vähemmän likaantuviksi, ja näin menetelmän tehokkuus parani. Miselliavusteisella ultrasuodatuksella erotettiin fosforipitoisesta lannoitetehtaan jätevedestä raskasmetalleja selektiivisesti, ja näin mahdollistettiin fosforin uudelleenkäyttö. Kolmannessa tutkimuskohteessa konsentroitiin kalvotislauksen ja käänteisosmoosin yhdistelmällä raskasmetalli- ja typpiyhdisteitä sisältävää synteettistä jätevettä pieneen tilavuuteen. Työssä saavutettiin korkeita raskasmetallien ja suolojen erotustehokkuuksia kaikilla käytetyillä tekniikoilla. Työssä arvioitiin myös yhteenvetona erilaisten hybridimembraanitekniikoiden eroja ja ominaisuuksia ja tekniikoita jaoteltiin menetelmien ominaisuuksien mukaan. Työ antoi uutta tietoa hybridimembraanitekniikoista epäorgaanisten aineiden erotuksessa teollisuuden vesistä
Monteil, Hélène. "Development and implementation of the Bio-electro-Fenton process : application to the removal of pharmaceuticals from water A review on efficiency and cost effectiveness of electro- and bio-electro-Fenton processes: application to the treatment of pharmaceutical pollutants in water. Efficient removal of diuretic hydrochlorothiazide from water by electro-Fenton process using BDD anode: a kinetic and degradation pathway study Electro-Fenton treatment of the widely used analgesic tramadol using BDD anode: a kinetic, energetic and degradation pathway study Efficiency of a new pilot scale continuous reactor for wastewater treatment by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes: influence of operating conditions and focus on hydrodynamics Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes combined with a biological treatment for wastewater treatment: a deep understanding on the influence of operating conditions and global efficiency." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2045.
Повний текст джерелаElectrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) constitute an efficient technology to treat the pharmaceuticals as they allow the formation of strong oxidants such as hydroxyl radicals able to remove nearly any type of organic contaminants thanks to their very high oxidation power. Among them the electro-Fenton and anodic oxidation processes are environmentally friendly methods as they use no chemical reagent (anodic oxidation) or only oxygen of air and iron ions as a catalyst (electro-Fenton).In this thesis, four pharmaceuticals from different families and structures were selected based on their toxicity and their occurrence in environmental waters and their removal from water was performed by EAOPs. The objectives of this work were to determine the best operating conditions at lab scale (current and catalyst concentration), investigate the kinetic of degradation and mineralization and finally propose a mineralization pathway based on aromatic intermediates, carboxylic acids and ions released to the solution.As these treatments were successfully applied, a lab scale pilot reactor composed alternately of BDD anodes and carbon felt cathodes with a bottom aeration system and working in the continuous mode was built to scale-up these processes in order to pre-industrialize them. Different configurations of electrodes were tested. The flow rate and the current were found to be more influent on the mineralization rate and on the energy consumption, respectively. To deeper understand the role of the flow rate and the configurations a hydrodynamic study was performed. The hydrodynamic results were gathered with a kinetic model for the mineralization to obtain a model predicting the percentage of mineralization at different position inside the reactor during the steady state. Thus, this model can help to optimize the operating conditions and to size future reactors depending on the mineralization objective of the treatment (high mineralization rate, combined treatment, high flow, …).To reduce operating cost, the combination of an electrochemical process and a biological treatment was then investigated. In this frame, it was found that electrochemical treatment can (i) degrade the hydrochlorothiazide (ii) reduce significantly the concentration of its aromatic intermediates as they were shown to significantly inhibit the bacterial activity, (iii) promote the formation of biodegradable molecules such as carboxylic acids. The biodegradation of four carboxylic acids formed during the electro-Fenton treatment of the hydrochlorothiazide at lab scale was also studied. It was demonstrated that they were sequentially degraded with different lag phases and kinetics of degradation. Thus to mineralize them, a “plug flow” type reactor is recommended. The combination of treatment was then applied with an electrochemical treatment performed at low current with a BDD anode and a Platine anode. A mineralization degree of 38% and 50% were obtained by the biological treatment enabling to globally reach a mineralization rate of 66% and 85% with the BDD and the Platine anodes respectively. Thus this combined treatment was successful and open the way for the scale-up of these processes
Matysíková, Jana. "Znovu-užití vyčištěných odpadních vod v papírenském a textilním průmyslu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225374.
Повний текст джерелаSixel, Raphael da Rocha. "Osmose inversa aplicada no reúso da água do rio Sarapuí em processos industriais." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2808.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this study was to analyze the performance of a system to capture and treat water from Sarapuí river through a treatment system consisting of a conventional pré-treatment stage, linked to a reverse osmosis separation system membranes, in the city of Belford Roxo - RJ, installed to provide process water for industrial plants. It was found that the water is captured in highly degraded condition and the treatment plant removed an average of 97% of the pollutants in the water, fitting the parameters required by the industrial process. It could be demonstrated that the separation process by reverse osmosis can be used on an industrial scale, providing significant economic gains, and avoid the consumption of potable water for industrial processes and also contribute to the removal of organic pollutants from a degraded source
WU, FONG-CHIH, and 吳鳳池. "Applicability Evaluation and Water Quality Improvement of Dyeing Wastewater Treatment Processes." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89190315273090215613.
Повний текст джерела明志科技大學
環境與安全衛生工程系環境工程碩士班
105
This study evaluated the treatability of disperse dyeing wastewater at the real plant, comprising an anoxic reactor, four activated sludge treatment unit and an aerobic membrane bioreactor. The efficiency of the treatment unit in the plant was analyzed, and the effect of the addition of bacteria on the accumulation of the sludge was discussed. To begin with screening strains to the ability of accumulation from the sludge using textile industries wastewater treatment system sludge as the sludge source.Acinetobacter baumannii, Acidovorax sp., Diaphorobacter sp., Alicycliphilus denitrificans, Chryseobacterium daecheongens, was identified by 16S rRna. Next the decolorization efficiency analysis of microorganisms, the bacteria was cultured in a large quantity and put into real plant unit. The results demonstrated that decolorization efficiency of Disperse Blue 124 by WS01 was found to be 85% at 250 mg/L within 24 hours, when growth medium containing yeast extract compared to other substrates. Bioaugmentation beginning in a bioreactor receive a load of COD(1342 mg/L)and sludge concentration(5.3 g/L). The results showed that the colonization of Dominant bacteria, the COD removal was stable at 80%, while concentration of sludge was 9.5g / L in the system. Overall, the system was demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of the Disperse dyeing wastewater under the operating conditions applied in the study.
Assunção, Nelson Henrique Amaro de. "Wastewater treatment through Fenton-like, biofiltration and ion exchange processes." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/88130.
Повний текст джерелаOlive mill wastewater and effluents containing contaminants of emerging concern are one of the most recalcitrant effluents to conventional methods. Thus, this study focus mainly on Fenton-like processes for the treatment of these type of effluents aiming at its release into the natural water bodies. Synthetic olive mill wastewater was submitted to heterogeneous Fenton, using red mud - an alumina residue -, being the source of iron(III). The adsorption of the lab-made effluent onto the catalyst had no significant effects in the pollutants' removal. By testing different amounts of both red mud and \ch{H2O2}, it was possible to achieve around 100\% of the pollutants' degradation and 25\% mineralization. The optimal parameters with which such results were made possible were pH = 3, [\ch{H2O2}] = 100 mg/L and a catalyst load of 1g/L. Toxicity tests made on \textit{Corbicula fluminea} and \textit{Viibrio fischeri} showed a rise in toxicity from the treated solutions, when compared to the original one. As for \textit{Lepidium sativum} the toxicity from the treated solutions proved to be less toxic than the original. The contaminants used were Carbamazepine, Sulphametoxazole and Lorazepam. The solution containing these three compounds was also subject to heterogeneous Fenton-derived processes. Under sunlight, at near-neutral pH, the degradation of the three compounds went over the 50\% degradation line, reaching 62\% for Lorazepam. Synthetic Olive mill waste water was later treated with homogeneous photo-Fenton, using iron sulphate as the source of iron. The optimal conditions were 1 g/L of iron (II), pH = 3 and 100 mg/L of initial load of \ch{H2O2}, reaching 70\% of mineralization, ending up with a residual amount of \ch{H2O2} of approximately 23 mg/L, halved by the 50 mg/L obtained by homogeneous Fenton. Regarding iron removal processes, both failed to meet the 2 mg/L limit of iron allowed to be disposed. However, more experimental test have to be made to support the results obtained.
Efluente sintético proveniente da indústria do azeite e efluentes com contaminantes de preocupação emergente são dos efluentes mais recalcitrantes aos métodos convencionais. Assim, este estudo foca-se principalmente nos processos do tipo Fenton para o tratamento destes tipos de efluentes, visando a sua libertação nos corpos aquáticos naturais.O primeiro foi submetido a Fenton heterogéneo, usando red mud - um resíduo da alumina - sendo esta a a fonte de ferro(III). A adsorção do efluente no catalisador não teve efeitos significativos na remoção dos poluentes. Testando diferentes quantidades de red mud e \ch{H2O2}, foi possível atingir cerca de 100\% da degradação dos poluentes e 25\% de mineralização. Os parâmetros óptimos a partir dos quais tais resultados foram possíveis foram pH = 3, [\ch{H2O2}] = 100 mg/L e uma concentração inicial de catalisador de 1g/L. Testes de toxicidade realizados em \textit {Corbicula fluminea} e \textit {Viibrio fischeri} mostraram um aumento na toxicidade das soluções tratadas, quando comparadas com a solução original. Quanto à \textit {Lepidium sativum}, a toxicidade das soluções tratadas mostrou-se menos tóxica do que a solução original. Os contaminantes utilizados foram Carbamazepina, Sulphametoxazole e Lorazepam. A solução, contendo estes três compostos, foi também sujeita a processos derivados de Fenton heterogéneos. Sob a luz do sol, a pH quase neutro, a degradação dos três compostos ultrapassou a linha de 50 \% de degradação, atingindo 62\% no caso referente ao Lorazepam.Efluente sintético proveniente da indústria do azeite foi, desta feita, tratado com foto-Fenton homogéneo, utilizando sulfato de ferro como fonte de ferro(II). As condições ótimas foram 1 g/L de ferro (II), pH = 3 e 100 mg/L de carga inicial de \ch{H2O2}, atingindo 70\% de mineralização, terminando com uma quantidade residual de \ch {H2O2} de aproximadamente 23 mg/L, sendo aproximadamente metade dos 50 mg/L obtida pelo Fenton homogéneo. Em relação à Permuta iónica, a resina Dowex provou ser a escolha mais adequada em comparação às resinas Purolite e Lewatit. Em relação aos processos de remoção de ferro, ambos falharam em atingir o limite de 2 mg / L de ferro que pode ser libertado para o meio. No entanto, mais testes experimentais devem ser feitos para sustentar os resultados obtidos.
Lopes, Mafalda Tomé Pessoa. "Wastewater and drinking water treatment by membrane processes: from laboratory to pilot-scale." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/63795.
Повний текст джерелаLin, Yung-chang, and 林永璋. "Assessing the Treatment Efficiency of Advanced Purification Processes and the Feasibility of Wastewater Recycling in Three Drinking Water Treatment Plants." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39806814546343419179.
Повний текст джерела國立中山大學
環境工程研究所
95
The purposes of this study are:(1) comparing the treatment efficiency with advanced and traditional drinking water treatment plants in southern Taiwan;(2) assessing the treatment efficiency and formation of disinfection by-products in advanced water treatment processes;(3) assessing the feasibility of wastewater recycling and treatment efficiency of wastewater treatment units;(4) evaluating corrosion of drinking water transportation pipelines and reproducing of chlorination by-products. This study found that the removal efficiency of turbidity, iron, manganese, coliform group and total bacterial count were approximately 99% by advanced and traditional purification processes. The concentrations of ammonia-N (NH3-N), nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were lower drinking water quality standard. Pellet softening process was designed following coagulation/sedimentation unit to increase 8~14% and 6~20% removal efficiency of alkalinity and total hardness (TH) concentrations. The removal efficiency of total dissolved solids (TDS) was approximately 3~15% by advanced water treatment processes better than traditional water treatment processes. In the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), the trihalomethanes (THMS) and haloacetic acid (HAA5) were efficiently decreased by advanced purification processes. Bromate concentrations which lower detection limit were treated by ozonation process during the study periods. Advanced treatment processes should control the dosage of ozone and post-chlorine to avoid production of DBPs. In wastewater reuse, the treatment efficiency of suspended solids (SS) was 48∼99%, respectively, showing the significant removal efficiency of the wastewater process. However, the removal efficiencies of NH3-N, total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) are limited by wastewater treatment processes. Because NH3-N, TOC and COD of the mixing supernatant and raw water are regulated raw water quality standards, supernatant reuse is feasible and workable during wastewater processes at this plant. Overall, analytical results indicated that supernatant reuse is feasible. The Chengcing Lake water treatment plant significantly reduced alkalinity, Ca2+ concentration and TH concentration via pellet softening treatment: however, reducing the Langelier saturation index (LSI) value of water could cause some adverse effects on distribution systems. Operational conditions by Pingding water treatment plant was added base to water can be tried to adjust pH to maintain a slightly positive LSI value, whereas for water with low hardness and alkalinity.
Pete, Kwena Yvonne. "Photocatalytic degradation of dyes and pesticides in the presence of ions." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/308.
Повний текст джерелаWater pollution caused by organic and inorganic contaminants represents an important ecological and health hazard. Simultaneous treatment of organic and inorganic contaminants had gradually gained great scientific interest. Advanced oxidation processes such as photocatalysis, using TiO2 as a photocatalyst, have been shown to be very robust in the removal of biorecalcitrant pollutants. These methods offer the advantage of removing the pollutants, in contrast to conventional techniques. At present, the main technical challenge that hinder its commercialization remained on the post-recovery of the photocatalyst particles after water treatment. Supporting of the photocatalyst on the adsorbent surface is important as it assists during the filtration step, reducing losses of the materials and yielding better results in degrading pollutants. To overcome this challenge, in this study composite photocatalysts of TiO2/zeolite and TiO2/silica were prepared and investigated to explore the possible application in the simultaneous removal of organic and inorganic compounds from contaminated water. The main objective of this study was to investigate the heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds in the presence of metal ions using composite photocatalysts. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Raman spectroscopy (RS) and zeta potential (ZP) analyses were used to characterize the prepared composite photocatalysts. The successive composite photocatalysts were used in a semi-batch reactor under an irradiation intensity of 5.5 mW/m2 (protected by a quartz sleeve) at 25 ± 3°C for the photocatalytic degradation of synthetic textile (methyl orange) and agricultural (atrazine) wastewater in the presence of ions. The effect of operating parameters such as TiO2 composition on supporting material, particle size, composite photocatalyst loading, initial pollutant concentration and pH were optimized. The effects of inorganic salts and humic acid on dye and pesticides degradation were also studied, respectively. The performance of the photocatalyst reactor was evaluated on the basis of color removal, metal ion reduction, total organic carbon (TOC) reduction, intermediates product analysis and modeling of kinetics and isotherms. Different kinetic and isotherm models were introduced and applied in this work. Important aspects such as error functions with the optimal magnitude were used for the selection of the best suitable model.
European Union. City of Mikkeli, Finland. Water Research Commission (RSA)