Дисертації з теми "Wastewater treatment- Chemical and biological"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Wastewater treatment- Chemical and biological".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Buck, Andrew. "Characterisation of chemical processes operating within a biological wastewater treatment plant." Thesis, Open University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409874.
Повний текст джерелаTjernström, Linnéa. "Function of soil-based on-site wastewater treatment systems - Biological and chemical treatment capacity." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik (flyttat 20130630), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210716.
Повний текст джерелаDecentraliserade system för rening av avloppsvatten är bland de huvudsakliga svenska antropogena källorna till näringsämnen som bidrar till övergödning av Östersjön. Bland decentraliserade system i Sverige är nästan hälften system med slamavskiljare följt av ett markbaserat system i vilket avloppsvattnet renas genom infiltration i jord. I denna studie studeras en markbaserad teknik i vilken avloppsvattnet filtreras genom sand, en så kallad markbädd. En fältundersökning gjordes där samlingsprov av ingående och utgående avloppsvatten togs på två markbäddar i Stockholmsområdet för att bestämma deras biologiska och kemiska reningsfunktion samt att jämföra avskiljningen av fosfor i systemen med rekommendationer från HaV. Parametrar som inkluderats i studien är totalfosfor, ammonium-kväve, löst organiskt kol, pH, turbiditet och löst syre. Biologisk funktion ansågs bra i båda markbäddarna eftersom nitrifikationen var hög och utgående vatten hade tillräckliga halter av löst syre vilket implicerar att markbäddarna var väl syresatta. Rådande syrerika förhållanden i markbäddarna antyder också att organiskt material bryts ned avsevärt, vilket är fallet för löst kol som reducerades med mer än 85 % i en av markbäddarna och med nästan 70 % i den andra. Den höga reduktionen av organiska mikroföroreningar som påvisats i markbäddarna i en annan studie tyder också på att biologisk funktion med avseende på avsklijning av organiska substanser är bra. Kemisk funktion, med avseende på avskiljning av totalfosfor, var inte tillräcklig då ingen av markbäddarna levde upp till reduktionskraven från HaV för normal eller hög skyddsnivå. Totalfosfor avskiljdes med 42 respektive 54 % i markbäddarna. En nackdel med metoden som användes i studien är att de resultat som fåtts för avkiljning av de olika parametrarna endast kan representera den verkliga situationen om variationer i in- och utgående flöde samt variationer i ingående vattenkoncentrationer är små och om utspädningseffekten av utgående vatten är försumbar.
Gamez, Grijalva Victor Manuel. "BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL METHODS FOR TREATMENT OF SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING EFFLUENTS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195838.
Повний текст джерелаSudarjanto, Gatut. "Integrated chemical and biological treatment process to remove colour compounds from wastewater /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19717.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаKramadhati, Narahari Narasiah. "The impact of aircraft deicing wastes on the biological wastewater treatment process /." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100640.
Повний текст джерелаThe specific objectives of the research were to: (1) determine the effects of process parameters such as biomass concentration, deicing fluid concentration and temperature on the biodegradation kinetics. (2) determine the mechanism of deicing fluid removal and model the reaction rates. (3) determine the effects of microbial changes on the treatment process. (4) evaluate the advantages of a sequencing batch reactor for the treatment of deicing wastes. (5) corroborate our laboratory results with field data from an operating wastewater facility treating deicing wastes.
The results from the field show that despite the increases in influent organic matter during the deicing season, there were very little changes in effluent values of organic matter. Furthermore, influent concentrations of deicing fluid between 10 and 30 mg/L were reduced to trace amounts (i.e. below 5 mg/L) throughout the deicing season. However, as witnessed by the high sludge volume index during the deicing season, the presence of deicing fluid creates settling problems in the clarifier.
The laboratory batch experiments indicate optimal substrate removal rates at biomass concentrations of 1000 mg/L and 2000 mg/L. Very low biomass levels lead to inhibition whereas a high biomass level of 3000 mg/L is unnecessary since the food to microorganism ratio is such that only a fraction of the biomass participates in the degradation reaction. With regards to deicing fluid concentration, organic matter removal rates tend to increase as the deicing fluid is increased. However, at the highest level of deicing fluid, certain inhibitory effects are present. As expected, higher temperatures produce much higher removal rates with the ethylene glycol substrate showing less variation with temperature than the other organic compounds present in the wastewater.
With regards to the mechanism of removal, the results showed very little adsorption of organic matter onto the biomass within the first hour of contact. In addition, the total organic matter removal (TOC and COD) followed first order kinetics with respect to substrate concentration.
Lastly, sequencing batch reactor operation allowed for much higher removal rates as the microbial population is acclimatized to the substrate with increasing cycles. With regards to the microbial population, the Biolog results showed that there was a decrease in the variety of compounds that could be degraded as the biomass was exposed to the deicing fluid. Furthermore, most population changes occurred at the very beginning of the deicing season and in the first half of the SBR experiments.
Carini, Diane. "Treatment of industrial wastewater using chemical-biological sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) processes /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13431.
Повний текст джерелаKordi, Javad. "Processes and drivers of biological and chemical Phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment plants." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-38814.
Повний текст джерелаYan, Qingmei, and 嚴慶梅. "Biological nitrogen removal of saline wastewater by ammoniumoxidizers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42182116.
Повний текст джерелаZhao, Kang, and 趙鈧. "An iron-facilitated chemical and biological process for phosphorus removal and recovery during wastewater treatment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196027.
Повний текст джерелаpublished_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy
Bailey, Andrew Douglas. "An exploratory investigation of crossflow microfiltration for solid/liquid separation in biological wastewater treatment." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21915.
Повний текст джерелаMusvoto, Eustina Vongai. "Mathematical modelling of integrated chemical, physical and biological treatment of wastewaters." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9676.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of a kinetic-based model to simulate chemical, physical and biological processes in three phase (gaseous-aqueous-solid) mixed weak acid/base systems is described. The chemical processes are expressed in terms of the kinetics of the forward and reverse reactions for the dissociation of the weak acid/bases. In this approach the H⁺ and all the species of the weak acidfbases of interest are included and the pH is calculated directly from H⁺ via pH = -log (H⁺). The advantage of this approach over the alkalinity/equilibrium chemistry approach is that kinetics are used throughout. Also, the approach is general and can be applied to any combination of mixed weak acid/base systems. The kinetic expressions of the carbonate, phosphate, ammonia, acetate and water systems, including the kinetics of the three phase chemical processes viz. precipitation/dissolution of calcium and magnesium phosphates and carbonates and gas stripping/dissolution of O₂, CO₂ and NH₃, were programmed into the AQUASIM shell package to generate simulation results. The chemical processes part of the model was validated by comparing steady state model predictions with those obtained from equilibrium chemistry based models such as STASOFT I and III (Loewenthal et al., 1986, 1991). Virtually identical results were obtained. The kinetic approach allowed integration of the biological kinetic processes of the IAWQ activated sludge model No 1 (Henze et al., 1987), to extend application of the model to situations where precipitation of minerals, stripping of gasses and biological processes take place in an environment where the pH does not remain constant. Where required the interaction between the chemical species and biological processes was included, e.g. CO₂ uptake for autotrophic nitrifier growth and NH₄⁺ uptake for heterotrophic growth and nitrification. Also, literature information on the effect of pH on the maximum specific growth rates of nitrifiers was included.
Tan, Benjamin L. L. "Chemical and Biological Analyses of Selected Endocrine Disruptors in Wastewater Treatment Plants in South East Queensland, Australia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365603.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Faculty of Environment and Planning
Full Text
Nogueira, Verónica Inês Jesus Oliveira. "Assessing the effectiveness of chemical treatment with nanomaterials in improving the quality of different industrial effluents." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15351.
Повний текст джерелаIndustrial activities are the major sources of pollution in all environments. Depending on the type of industry, various levels of organic and inorganic pollutants are being continuously discharged into the environment. Although, several kinds of physical, chemical, biological or the combination of methods have been proposed and applied to minimize the impact of industrial effluents, few have proved to be totally effective in terms of removal rates of several contaminants, toxicity reduction or amelioration of physical and chemical properties. Hence, it is imperative to develop new and innovative methodologies for industrial wastewater treatment. In this context nanotechnology arises announcing the offer of new possibilities for the treatment of wastewaters mainly based on the enhanced physical and chemical proprieties of nanomaterials (NMs), which can remarkably increase their adsorption and oxidation potential. Although applications of NMs may bring benefits, their widespread use will also contribute for their introduction into the environment and concerns have been raised about the intentional use of these materials. Further, the same properties that make NMs so appealing can also be responsible for producing ecotoxicological effects. In a first stage, with the objective of selecting NMs for the treatment of organic and inorganic effluents we first assessed the potential toxicity of nanoparticles of nickel oxide (NiO) with two different sizes (100 and 10-20 nm), titanium dioxide (TiO2, < 25 nm) and iron oxide (Fe2O3, ≈ 85x425 nm). The ecotoxicological assessment was performed with a battery of assays using aquatic organisms from different trophic levels. Since TiO2 and Fe2O3 were the NMs that presented lower risks to the aquatic systems, they were selected for the second stage of this work. Thus, the two NMs pre-selected were tested for the treatment of olive mill wastewater (OMW). They were used as catalyst in photodegradation systems (TiO2/UV, Fe2O3/UV, TiO2/H2O2/UV and Fe2O3/H2O2/UV). The treatments with TiO2 or Fe2O3 combined with H2O2 were the most efficient in ameliorating some chemical properties of the effluent. Regarding the toxicity to V. fischeri the highest reduction was recorded for the H2O2/UV system, without NMs. Afterwards a sequential treatment using photocatalytic oxidation with NMs and degradation with white-rot fungi was applied to OMW. This new approach increased the reduction of chemical oxygen demand, phenolic content and ecotoxicity to V. fischeri. However, no reduction in color and aromatic compounds was achieved after 21 days of biological treatment. The photodegradation systems were also applied to treat the kraft pulp mill and mining effluents. For the organic effluent the combination NMs and H2O2 had the best performances in reduction the chemical parameters as well in terms of toxicity reduction. However, for the mine effluent the best (TiO2/UV and Fe2O3/UV) were only able to significantly remove three metals (Zn, Al and Cd). Nonetheless the treatments were able of reducing the toxicity of the effluent. As a final stage, the toxicity of solid wastes formed during wastewater treatment with NMs was assessed with Chironomus riparius larvae, a representative species of the sediment compartment. Certain solid wastes showed the potential to negatively affect C. riparius survival and growth, depending on the type of effluent treated. This work also brings new insights to the use of NMs for the treatment of industrial wastewaters. Although some potential applications have been announced, many evaluations have to be performed before the upscaling of the chemical treatments with NMs.
As atividades industriais são uma das principais fontes de poluição em todos os ambientes. Dependendo do tipo de indústria, vários tipos de contaminantes orgânicos e inorgânicos são frequentemente libertados no meio ambiente, em concentrações que podem representar riscos para os meios aquáticos. Várias metodologias, nomeadamente físicas, químicas, biológicas ou a combinação de processos, têm sido propostas e aplicadas para minimizar o impacto destes efluentes, contudo nenhuma delas foi totalmente eficaz em termos de taxas de redução dos vários contaminantes, redução da toxicidade, e melhoria de algumas propriedades físicas e químicas dos diversos tipos de águas industriais residuais. É por isso imperativo o desenvolvimento de novas metodologias de tratamento, com recurso a novos materiais que vão surgindo no mercado. Neste contexto surge a nanotecnologia, oferecendo novas possibilidades no tratamento de efluentes com base nas propriedades físicas e químicas melhoradas dos nanomateriais (NMs), que podem aumentar consideravelmente o seu potencial de adsorção e oxidação. Embora as várias aplicações dos NMs possam trazer benefícios, o seu uso também irá contribuir para a sua introdução no ambiente e varias preocupações têm vindo a ser levantadas sobre estes materiais. As mesmas propriedades que tornam os NMs tão atrativos para aplicações ambientais também podem ser responsáveis por efeitos ecotoxicológicos nas comunidades naturais. Com o objetivo de selecionar NMs para o tratamento de efluentes orgânicos e inorgânicos avaliámos a toxicidade de nanopartículas de óxido de níquel (NiO) com 100 e 10-20 nm, de dióxido de titânio (TiO2, < 25 nm) e de óxido de ferro (Fe2O3, ≈ 85x425 nm). A avaliação ecotoxicológica foi realizada através de uma bateria de ensaios com organismos aquáticos de diferentes níveis tróficos e grupos funcionais. Numa segunda etapa os dois NMs pré-selecionados foram aplicados no tratamento de efluente de lagar de azeite. Os NMs foram assim usados como catalisadores em processos de fotodegradação que incluíram os seguintes sistemas TiO2/UV, Fe2O3/UV, TiO2/H2O2/UV e Fe2O3/H2O2/UV. Utilização do TiO2 ou Fe2O3 com H2O2 revelou resultados bastante eficientes na melhoria de algumas propriedades químicas, no entanto, apesar de se ter verificado alguma redução da toxicidade para V. fischeri, a maior percentagem de redução foi registada para o sistema H2O2/UV, sem a adição de NMs. Posteriormente foi também aplicado ao mesmo efluente um tratamento sequencial utilizando oxidação catalítica com NMs e fungos. Esta nova abordagem aumentou a redução da carência química de oxigênio, do conteúdo em fenóis e da toxicidade para V. fischeri, no entanto não se verificou qualquer redução de cor e compostos aromáticos após 21 dias de tratamento biológico. Os processos de fotodegradação foram também aplicados no tratamento de efluente de pasta de papel kraft e efluente mineiro. Para o efluente orgânico a combinação NMs com H2O2 resultou em eficientes reduções quer nas propriedades químicas, quer em termos de redução da toxicidade. No entanto, para o efluente mineiro os tratamentos mais eficazes (TiO2/UV e Fe2O3/UV) apenas foram capazes de remover significativamente três metais (Zn, Al e Cd). Não obstante, estes tratamentos foram capazes de reduzir a toxicidade do efluente. Numa última etapa, avaliou-se a toxicidade dos resíduos sólidos formados após o tratamento de efluentes com NMs em larvas de Chironomus riparius, uma espécie representativa do compartimento sedimentos, em meios de água doce. Alguns desses resíduos mostraram a capacidade de afetar negativamente a sobrevivência e o crescimento de C. riparius, dependendo do efluente tratado, que os originou. Este trabalho abre novas perspetivas para a utilização de NMs no tratamento de efluentes industriais, e demonstra que apesar das aplicações anunciadas para os NMs, ainda são necessárias diversas avaliações, quer em termos da sua eficácia, quer da sua perigosidade para o ambiente antes da sua aplicação em grande escala.
Howard, Samuel Clarence. "The effect of three holding tank chemicals on anaerobic wastewater treatment." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45158.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Hermes, Nina [Verfasser], Wolfgang [Gutachter] Imhof, and Thomas A. [Gutachter] Ternes. "Trace organic chemicals in the water cycle : Occurrence in wastewater treatment plants and removal by biological and chemical treatment / Nina Hermes ; Gutachter: Wolfgang Imhof, Thomas A. Ternes." Koblenz, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1227927800/34.
Повний текст джерелаDao, Minh Trung, Thi Thanh Ngoc Tran, Thi Thao Tran Nguyen, Kim Dinh Ngo, and Vo Chau Ngan Nguyen. "Natural auxiliary coagulants - perspectives for the treatment of textile wastewater." Technische Universität Dresden, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32616.
Повний текст джерелаCác ứng dụng chất keo tụ và chất trợ keo tụ hóa học trong xử lý nước thải ngày càng trở nên phổ biến tại Việt Nam. Mặc dù có nhiều ghi nhận về hiệu quả xử lý của chất keo tụ hóa học, phương pháp xử lý này vẫn tồn tại một số nhược điểm như hiệu suất xử lý thấp ở nhiệt độ thấp, nước thải sau khi xử lý còn chứa nhiều hóa chất tiếp tục làm ô nhiễm nguồn tiếp nhận, chi phí xử lý cao và tạo ra nhiều bùn thải. Do đó việc tìm kiếm một phương án xử lý thay thế, chẳng hạn sử dụng polymer tự nhiên, có thể khắc phục những nhược điểm này là rất cần thiết. Nghiên cứu này tiến hành đánh giá hiệu quả sử dụng chất trợ keo tụ sinh học ly trích từ hạt trái Muồng Hoàng yến (Cassia fistula) và chất trợ keo tụ hóa học để xử lý nước thải dệt nhuộm có các thông số ô nhiễm cơ bản: pH = 9,0; COD = 800 mgO2/L, độ màu = 750 Pt-Co. Các thí nghiệm trên bộ Jartest cho thấy hiệu quả xử lý nước thải dệt nhuộm của chất trợ keo tụ gum Muồng Hoàng yến và chất trợ keo tụ hóa học không khác biệt có ý nghĩa với hiệu suất xử lý COD lần lượt là 60,3 và 59,7%; hiệu suất xử lý độ màu là 87,3 và 87,1%; xử lý SS là 93,2 và 92,6%. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy gum hạt Muồng Hoàng yến có thể sử dụng làm chất trợ keo tụ thay thế chất trợ keo tụ hóa học trong xử lý ô nhiễm nước thải dệt nhuộm.
BENVENUTO, FEDERICA. "Integrated study of chemical, hydrological and biological aspects of impaired rivers to support restoration strategies." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/7504.
Повний текст джерелаAlajmi, Hasan Mubarak. "Effect of physical, chemical and biological treatment on the removal of five pharmaceuticals from domestic wastewater in laboratory-scale reactors and full-scale plant." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2469.
Повний текст джерелаJewell, Kevin [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Ternes. "Investigations of chemically and biologically induced transformation reactions of micropollutants during biological wastewater treatment processes / Kevin Jewell ; Gutachter: Thomas Ternes ; Betreuer: Thomas Ternes." Koblenz, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138981656/34.
Повний текст джерелаWong, Yee Keung. "Feasibility of using Chlorella vulgaris for the production of algal lipids, for advancement towards a potential application in the manufacture of commodity chemicals and the treatment of wastewater." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2016. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/254.
Повний текст джерелаSigge, G. O. (Gunnar Oliver). "Integration of anaerobic biological and advanced chemical oxidation processes to facilitate biodegradation of fruit canning and winery wastewaters." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50374.
Повний текст джерелаBrundin, Carl. "Alternative energy concepts for Swedish wastewater treatment plants to meet demands of a sustainable society." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-146831.
Повний текст джерелаButler, Erick Benjamin. "Biological Treatment of Dietary Supplementary Wastewater." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1264479316.
Повний текст джерелаButler, Erick Benjamin. "Biological treatment of dietary supplement wastewater." Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1264479316.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Feb. 16, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 82-89). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center and also available in print.
Walker, Gavin Michael. "Industrial wastewater treatment using biological activated carbon." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295433.
Повний текст джерелаHou, Xiangting. "DIETARY SUPPLEMENT WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY BIOLOGICAL METHODS." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1326295666.
Повний текст джерелаDecremps, Sophie. "Caractérisation du résidu particulaire et étude des mécanismes limitant la biodégradation des boues d'épuration." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAT0020/document.
Повний текст джерелаOrganic matter of urban wastewaters (WW) is modified all along the treatment units of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). A fraction of the organic matter systematically remains at the end of biological treatment, mainly aggregated in particulate form. It is thus classified as refractory organics, noticed XU. The “exogenous” origin (e.g. originated from the urban WW) or “endogenous” one (e.g. residues produced by the microbial processes) and the quantitative contribution of compounds accumulated into the XU fraction are difficult to identify. Limited bioaccessibility and/or inappropriate chemical characteristics can be suspected. However, the reasons of their non-biodegradability are not clearly identified that limits an optimal valorization of sewage sludge by anaerobic digestion (AD). Focusing specifically on the refractory COD fraction of sewage sludge, this research work attempts to define its origin, to quantify its proportion depending on the applied operating conditions in the WWTP and to characterize the physical and chemical properties of its different compounds.A first approach is carried out to analyze the relationship between the WWTP operating conditions and the biodegradability of various sludges. The scientific approach is based on (1) the use of sludges of contrasted composition (fed with raw wastewater, or pre-settled WW, diluted primary sludge or synthetic influent, and produced with a solid retention time in the range of 2 and 70 days), and, on (2) the comparative analysis of physical, biological and chemical characteristics for refractory matrices resulting from their ultimate anaerobic digestion. Refractory COD fractionations are estimated comparing experimental and ASM1 predicted data. While 85% of anaerobic refractory organic matter remain aggregated, two characterization approaches were applied: (i) direct analysis (on unmodified particulate matter) of the global chemical fingerprint by infrared spectroscopy (IR) on attenuated total reflexion (ATR); (ii) molecular analysis (fluorescence 2D and 3D, UV 210 and 280 nm, biochemical assays) of solubilized fractions obtained by thermo-chemical solubilisation of the refractory aggregate.Combined with statistical tools (Hierarchical Ascendant Classification, HAC and Principal Component Analysis, PCA), infrared fingerprints appear relevant to chemically discriminate refractory residues of the selected sludges and hence to follow the evolution of the chemistry of matrices along the treatments chains. Main factors involved in the chemical fingerprint of XU are highlighted. For example the major effect of the chemistry of exogenic refractory compounds (XU,inf) on the XU chemical fingerprint is shown. In addition, our work underlines the interest of using complementary analytical techniques to get a more accurate chemical characterization of the molecules involved in the ultimate refractory matrices. For example, a significant contribution of proteins and humics on the chemistry of refractory aggregate could be observed with a clear contribution of bacterial compounds to protein refractory fraction.Finally, the infrared fingerprint was used to characterize the effect of heat treatments (60-95°C) or chemical treatments (acid and alkaline hydrolysis) on the chemistry of XU. In perspective, this approach could be extended to other treatments (e.g. high temperature, ozonation, enzymatic hydrolysis) to assess their effects and to define their optimal operating point for degradation of refractory compounds. Furthermore, the possibility to discriminate chemical fingerprints of different refractory residues could also be exploited. Acquiring spectral data banks could better define the scope of application of treatment units combined with the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge
Parekh, Asha 1942. "Use of magnetic nanoparticles for wastewater treatment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82337.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Contamination of marine sediments and water environments by urban runoffs, industrial and domestic effluents and oil spills is proving to be of critical concern as they affect aquatic organisms and can quickly disperse to large distances as highlighted by the recent Gulf oil spill disaster. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), poly chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and heavy metals like mercury, lead and manganese are among the ubiquitous trace contaminants of marine and freshwater systems. Presence of these contaminants raise concerns as small quantities of the organic chemicals have been shown to be carcinogenic to mammals and can pose a risk to both human health and the aquatic biota. We have proposed a remediation technique based on a magnetically enhanced separation technology as an alternative to existing methods to separate the target contaminants from a sediment matrix or wastewater stream. This technology uses specifically tailored surface modified magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) that are capable of a high uptake of trace metals. These particles have a magnetic core that facilitates their recovery, a shell that provides stability, protection from oxidation and a surface to which contaminant specific ligands are attached. The advantages of this alternative are that it involves low cost chemicals and magnets, can be implemented in continuous manner and is target specific. To evaluate the feasibility of this project, we have explored thermodynamics of adsorption of contaminants on particles and transport of these particles through their medium of application (water and porous media). This work focuses on treating effluents contaminated with heavy metals, in particular, mercury. For the treatment, dithiocarbamate functionalized magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized and their adsorptive properties for mercury at different pH conditions, ionic strengths and in presence of salinity and competing ions were explored. A competitive adsorption model based on mercury speciation was developed to explain the experimental results. In addition to the adsorption experiments, theoretical models to determine binding constants of the functional group on these particles to the mercury species were evaluated using Gaussian. Transport properties through porous (representing sediment like structures) and nonporous (representing effluents) media were studied using finite element models. The simulations provided a fundamental understanding of how magnetic nanoparticles would behave differently under magnetic field gradients and in porous media. In addition, parametric results of a continuous separation model that quantifies the trend in separation as a function of system parameters were also investigated. Bench scale runs for treating wastewater-containing mercury with these particles were demonstrated. Apart from adsorption, this process uses a well-studied high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) system to capture the magnetic nanoparticles. Breakthrough analysis of mercury and particles through the entire system, capture on particles by the HGMS system, recovering magnetic nanoparticles by stripping off the contaminant were studied in this work. As part of the PhDCEP Capstone paper, commercialization prospects of this technology have been examined for industrial applications, particularly heavy metal removal. An in-depth market analysis of North America's water and wastewater treatment chemicals market was carried out to determine market attractiveness. This was followed by competitor analysis and evaluation of this technology's value proposition based on economics and technical applicability. A roadmap of strategies that need to be adopted based on key market insights was discussed. This chapter concludes with the verdict on magnetic nanoparticles' potential as a disruptive game changer in industrial wastewater treatment market
by Asha Parekh.
Ph.D.
Padron, Harold. "Combined anaerobic/aerobic treatment for municipal wastewater." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2004. http://louisdl.louislibraries.org/u?/NOD,110.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from electronic submission form. "A thesis ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Environmental Engineering Program."--Thesis t.p. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Skonieczny, Monika. "Biological hydrogen production from industrial wastewater with «Clostridium beijerinckii»." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21981.
Повний текст джерелаCe projet de recherche porte sur la production de biohydrogène par le Clostridium beijerinckii en utilisant comem subtrat le glucose contenu dans une eau usée synthétique. Une étude de l'effet du pH initial (intervalle de 5.7 à 6.5) et de la charge organique (intervalle de DCO de 1 à 3 g/L) sur la conversion spécifique et le taux de production d'hydrogène a démontré des interactions entre ces deux variables indépendantes. La conversion la plus élevée, 10.3 mL H2/(g COD/L), a été observée à un pH de 6.1 et une DCO de 3 g/L alors que le plus haut taux de production, 71 mL H2/(h*L), a été obtenu à un pH de 6.3 et une DCO de 2.5 g/L. La tendance globale indique que le taux de production d'hydrogène augmente lorsque la charge organique et le pH augmentent. Le butyrate (14% à 63%), le formate (10% à 45%) et l'éthanol (16% à 40%) formaient les principaux produits solubles. Des acides gras volatiles et des alcools ont également été observés en faibles quantités. L'absence de nutriments essentiels tels que biotine, le MgSO4.7H2O et le FeSO4.7H2O a causé une diminution significative de la production d'hydrogène comparativement aux résultats obtenus à l'aide des conditions de référence utilisées pour la solution d'eau usée synthétique. Aucun impact significatif n'a toutefois été observé lorsque la concentration de ces nutriments était diminuée que partiellement. Des essais préliminaires à partir d'eau usée provenant d'une usine de production de yogourt ont indiqué une faible production d'hydrogène à partir de ce substrat.
Reutershan, Trevor. "Chemical Kinetics and Adsorption in Wastewater Treatment Systems." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10752236.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this thesis is to provide a combined theoretical and experimental approach to solve several enduring questions in wastewater chemistry. Firstly, the sulfate radical has been proposed as an alternative oxidant in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Its reactivity with dissolved organic matter (DOM) has not yet been studied and will be quantied in this work using electron pulse radiolysis. Next, it has been shown that DOM present in wastewater can act to impede the remediation of harmful pharmaceutical contaminants in the AOP. Using a new binding model presented here, this association was quantied in terms of equilibrium constants. Lastly, due to the use of bleach to prevent biofouling of the membrane bioreactor in wastewater treatment facilities, chlorine atom chemistry is becoming increasingly important to study regarding AOPs. A numerical system is provided in this thesis to understand the reactivity of chlorine atoms in the presence of wastewater constituents.
Chai, Qian. "Modeling, estimation, and control of biological wastewater treatment plants." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-2082.
Повний текст джерелаThe activated sludge process (ASP), as the most generally applied biological wastewater purification technique, attracts a great deal of attention from the research community in a highly populated, industrialized world. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate methods for e¢ cient development of activated sludge plant models and for possible improvements in process operation and performance through applications of advanced modeling and control techniques. Different topics in advanced control such as parameter estimation, state estimation, and model predictive control, are addressed, and the methods investigated in this thesis are illustrated with two activated sludge processes, a laboratory-scale nitrogen (N) removal plant and a full-scale phosphorus (P) removal plant: the Duvbacken wastewater treatment plant (WWTP).
As model representation is important in control oriented modeling, the object-oriented modeling approach providing open component-based architectures and reuse of components, is suggested in this thesis to achieve a more flexible model representation. The models of the N-removal process and the Duvbacken WWTP are developed based on the Activated Sludge Models (ASMs) which are generally accepted as the standard models of activated sludge processes (ASPs). The dynamic models are implemented in the object-oriented modeling language Modelica using the Dymola simulation environment, based on a modification of the Modelica library WasteWater. In order to build a good software development environment, special consideration is given to two Dymola interfaces: the Dymola-Matlab interface provided by Dymola and the Dymola-Python interface developed by the author. The application of the modeling approach in this thesis shows that the combination of Modelica/Dymola for efficient object-oriented modeling and Matlab for further analysis is a powerful tool for control system design.
The performances of some widely used state estimation techniques, such as the standard Kalman filter (KF), the extended Kalman filter (EKF), the unscented Kalman filter (UKF), the square-root unscented Kalman filter (SRUKF), and the moving horizon estimation (MHE), are evaluated with application to the N-removal process. The comparison of these filters for the N-removal process shows that the SRUKF improves numerical properties of the UKF and provides the best estimation performance, and the discrete-time EKF gives the fastest performance with a satisfactory estimation result. In addition, since a good characterization of the main compositions in the influent is very important to the performance of the ASM models, a method for simultaneously estimating both model state and influent composition (model disturbance) is developed using the discrete-time EKF and illustrated with the Duvbacken WWTP. The filter has a good convergence property for the observable process based on responses from the simulation model. However, when the filter is evaluated based on the experimental data, the performance of the filter is relatively poor due to unobservability of the system. Additional measurements are therefore needed to render the Duvbacken system locally observable.
Parameter estimation of activated sludge plant models is a challenging task, since the models are in general large-scale, nonlinear, and overparameterized. A procedure for parameter identifiability analysis is discussed and tested with the Duvbacken model. This systematic method proves to be very useful, since it reduces a large number of parameters to a small subset of parameters that can be identified from the available experimental data. The fitting of the model to real data from the industrial plant is not great but satisfactory, especially for those outputs which are important to the plant operation (e.g. concentration of phosphate SPO4 and concentration of total phosphorus TP).
Advanced control strategies for the ASP aeration system are suggested with the focus on the MPC algorithm, since MPC provides an optimization-based procedure with an elegant way of handling constraints and with capabilities of removing process disturbances. Both linear and nonlinear MPC techniques are evaluated with the N-removal process, and the simulation results show that the performances of the MPC controllers are satisfactory: the controllers guarantee that the strict e uent requirements are fulfilled. The nonlinear MPC strategy is also compared with some conventional rule-based controllers, and the MPC controller shows the most reduction of the energy consumption and offers the easiest way to handle the inequality constraints.
Finally, recommendations for future research directions are suggested to an N-removal project group at Telemark University College, Norway.
Paper B reproduced with kind permission of Elsevier
Aboobakar, Amina. "Quantification of greenhouse gas emissions in biological wastewater treatment." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8494.
Повний текст джерелаCoughtrie, Andrew Robert. "Coupling hydrodynamic and biological process models for wastewater treatment." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16207/.
Повний текст джерелаZivich, Jamie Dionne. "Biological Health Assessment of an Industrial Wastewater Treatment Facility." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43523.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Bi, Tianzhu. "Biological Treatment of Milk and Soybean Wastewater with Bioproducts." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1292017443.
Повний текст джерелаKang, Young Woon. "Biological treatment of turkey processing wastewater with sand filtration." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1078903968.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxi, 187 p.; also includes graphic (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Karen M. Mancl, Dept. of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering. Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-178).
Cerqueira, Alexandre Andrade. "Aplicação da técnica de eletrofloculação utilizando corrente alternada de frequência variável no tratamento de água de produção da indústria do petróleo." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2426.
Повний текст джерелаFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
O principal objetivo da tese está relacionado ao tratamento de águas oleosas através da eletrofloculação utilizando corrente alternada de frequência variável, o qual procurou explorar as potencialidades desta técnica. Com a crescente demanda por petróleo e seus derivados, é cada vez maior a produção dessas águas residuárias que, antes de serem descartadas, precisam ser submetidas a tratamento que satisfaçam aos requisitos legais. O trabalho apresentado descreve o levantamento bibliográfico e os resultados dos ensaios realizados, empregando o tratamento de eletrofloculação com a finalidade de remover as substâncias consideradas poluentes presentes nestes efluentes. O processo de eletrofloculação foi testado tanto para o tratamento em corrente continua quanto em corrente alternada de frequência variável em efluentes sintéticos e reais de alta salinidade, contendo teores elevados de óleos e graxas, turbidez e cor. Eficiências de redução de 99% para óleos e graxas, cor e turbidez foram obtidos utilizando eletrodos de alumínio. O processo de eletrofloculação demonstrou-se bastante vantajoso em função da alta condutividade que permite o tratamento com menor consumo energético. A tecnologia de eletrofloculação com corrente alternada quando comparada com a tecnologia de corrente contínua se mostrou muito eficiente em relação a economia no desgaste de massa de eletrodos, o que, dependendo do tempo de aplicação da corrente elétrica nas mesmas condições de estudo, houve redução de mais da metade do consumo.
The main aim of the present work was to study the treatment of oil wastewaters using electroflocculation with AC and variable frequency and to explore the potentiality of the process. With the increasing demand for oil and its derivatives the production of oil wastewaters also increases. Before its final disposal, these undesirable wastewaters must undergo treatment to adjust its quality to legal requirements. The present work presents an extensive literature survey and the experimental results obtained can be deemed as excelent, as reduction efficiencies of about 99% of the main quality parameters, namely, oils and greases, turbidity and colour, were obtained. The process was carried out using both direct and variable frequency alternate currents in high salinity samples of both real and synthetic wastewater. containing high levels of oil and grease, turbidity and color. Reduction efficiencies of 99% for oils and greases, color and turbidity were obtained using aluminum electrodes. The process electroflocculation seem to be quite advantageous due to the the fact that high conductivity values result in considerably low energy consumption. Electroflocculation processes using AC , as compared with similar processes, proved to very efficient, mainly because of its potential economy in mass of electrodes, which, depending on the time of application of electric current in the same conditions of study, a reduction of more half the consumption was obtained.
Manchisi, James. "Development of sustainable adsorbents for wastewater treatment." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6448/.
Повний текст джерелаBerktay, Ali. "The effects of pressure on aerobic biological wastewater treatment using rotating biological contractors." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1993. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11709.
Повний текст джерелаLiu, Hong, and 劉紅. "Bio-hydrogen production from carbohydrate-containing wastewater." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31244518.
Повний текст джерелаMcHarg, Amy Marie. "Optimisation of municipal wastewater biological nutrient removal using computer simulation." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10479.
Повний текст джерелаLi, Wen. "Improvement of Biological Processes of Inland Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190742.
Повний текст джерелаGaslightwala, Abizer F. (Abizer Firoze) 1973. "Evaluation wastewater treatment technologies at Ford Powertrain." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9001.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (p. 80).
In preparation for an upcoming EPA proposal regarding Free Oil & Grease (FOG) and metal ion content in wastewater effluent, a study was performed for Ford Motor Company that assesses various seconctary wastewater treatment technologies. The three water purification technologies, membrane filtration, biological treatment, and clay media adsorption, were evaluated as secondary water treatment solutions for oily wastewater. Three different types of membrane technologies were tested: polymeric, ceramic, and sintered stainless steel. In regards to FOG, the membrane technologies and the clay media were able to reduce FOG levels below the EPA proposal of 17 mg/L. However, the clay media did not show a strong affinity for metal ions. The membrane technologies were 'lble to reduce all iron levels below the recommended limits (1.3 mg/L). However, they were not able to reduce aluminum below the proposed limit (I mg/L). This implies that additional downstream processing would be required to remove the aluminum if the membrane solution was implemented and the regulation passes as proposed. The biological wastewater treatment was not tested during these trials, but was assumed to be able to meet all FOG and metal requirements proposed by the EPA. Based on these experimental results and basic design assumptions, an economic analysis over a ten-year period indicated that the biological waste treatment system was the lowest in costs, followed by the polymeric membranes. The estimated installed and operating costs for both technologies was $800,000 and $1,200,000 respectively. The nearest alternative solution, the stainless steel membranes, was over 200% more expensive than the lowest cost option. Based on this economic analysis, Ford should pursue additional research and experiments into the feasibility of using biological wastewater treatment to meet EPA proposed regulations. More specifically, experiments should be conducted to help verify the assumptions used and economic results obtained in this study. As a secondary option, in the absence of additional data, polymeric membranes are recommended as the best solution, despite additional processing needed to remove aluminum ions from water effluent. In addition, the biological waste treatment option has the potential to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurements below the levels seen by any of the membrane technologies. None of the membrane technologies investigated were capable of reducing COD levels below 200 mg/L on a consistent basis, thus indicating that this might be a fixed barrier for these technologies. Although not relevant today, COD measurements might have significant importance in future EPA water regulations, and should be taken into account when recommending a treatment solution.
by Abizer F. Gaslightwala.
S.M.
Mendoza, Espinosa Leopoldo Guillermo. "Upflow and downflow biological aerated filters (BAFs) for wastewater treatment." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268131.
Повний текст джерелаUttley, P. J. "Integration of biological wastewater treatment and algal growth for biofuels." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6393/.
Повний текст джерелаYan, Qingmei. "Biological nitrogen removal of saline wastewater by ammonium oxidizers." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42182116.
Повний текст джерелаLumbers, Jeremy. "Rotating biological contactors : mechanisms, modelling and design." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47161.
Повний текст джерелаHodges, Alan J. "Alternative Treatment Technologies for Low-Cost Industrial and Municipal Wastewater Management." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5884.
Повний текст джерелаKent, Tanya Denise. "The effect of media size on biological aerated filter performance." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287176.
Повний текст джерела