Статті в журналах: "Waste wool"

1

Yeon, Jun Oh, and Kyoung Woo Kim. "Analysis of Absorption Coefficient for Eco-Friendly Acoustical Absorbers." Advanced Materials Research 831 (December 2013): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.831.58.

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Primarily used for domestic buildings as a sound absorber are glass wool, rock wool, etc. These absorbers as well as waste absorber created by recycling wastes, PP+PET fiber absorber made from polypropylene and polyester, wood wool board bonded with finely sliced roots of trees and foamed aluminum absorber are recyclable eco-friendly absorbers that are constantly being developed. In this study, we compared the sound absorption performance of currently used absorbers and eco-friendly building absorbers. As a result, the NRC (Noise Reduction Coefficient) was found to be 0.85 for glass wool, 0.95 for rock wool, and 0.70 for polyester, 0.65 for waste absorber, 0.75 for PET+ PP fiber absorber, 0.40 for wood wool board, and 0.75 for foamed aluminum absorber. Based on the results of these absorption coefficients, we expect the usability of the absorbers continues to increase as future eco-friendly building absorbers.

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2

Zheljazkov (Jeliazkov), Valtcho, Ekaterina Jeliazkova, and Nedko Nedkov. "Wool and Hair Waste as Nutrient Source for High-value Crops." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 995A—995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.995a.

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Container and field experiments were conducted to evaluate sheep wool wastes and human hair wastes as soil amendments and nutrient sources for high-value crops. Overall, wool-waste or hair-waste additions to soil increased yields from basil, garden sage, peppermint, valerian, thorn apple, marigold, foxglove, and swiss chard; increased the amount of secondary metabolites (such as essential oils and alkaloids); increased NH4-N and NO3-N in the soil; and increased total N (and protein) content in plant tissue. The wool-waste or hair-waste additions did not affect soil microbial biomass, but decreased mycorrhizae colonization of plant roots. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses indicated that some of the wool and hair in soil from the container and field experiments (after two field seasons and several harvests) retained its original structure, a significant amount of S, some N, and was not fully decomposed. Results from this study suggest that wool and hair wastes can be used as soil amendment and nutrient source for high-value container or field crops.

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3

PRAJAPAT, GARIMA, and PRAVEEN PUROHIT. "MITIGATION OF METAL ION POLLUTION FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER USING WASTE WOOL." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 22 (January 2013): 619–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194513010751.

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A study on the adsorption of copper (II) ions from the aqueous solution on waste wool had been carried out to analyze the adsorption capacity of waste wool, thereby aiming towards mitigation of metal ion pollution in industrial waste water. The effect of varying concentration of copper ions and varying time period, was studied on fixed weight of waste wool. The initial and final concentration of copper ions was measured by conductometric and spectrophotometric methods. Adsorption data were modeled with the langmuir and freundlich adsorption isotherms. The isotherm and first order equation were found to be applicable. Removal of metal ions using industrial waste wool is found to be favourable. Thus the work can be extended to study various physico-chemical parameters for removal of copper (II) ions from industrial effluents using waste wool. A later work can be involved where the waste wool adsorption parameter can be further utilized for composite ceramic products.

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4

Jetsu, Petri, Markku Vilkki, and Ismo Tiihonen. "Utilization of demolition wood and mineral wool wastes in wood-plastic composites." Detritus, no. 10 (March 5, 2020): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2020.13916.

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Wood and mineral wool fractions from demolished buildings were sorted into different categories and processed to the suitable grain size needed for the manufacturing of wood-plastic composites. Processed construction and demolition waste materials mixed with plastics and additives were extruded into hollow test bars using a conical rotary extruder. Test specimens needed for measurements were cut from test bars. The results showed that the mechanical performance of wood-plastic composites based on construction and demolition waste wood, and mineral wool was at a good level and comparable to commonly used wood-plastic composites in decking applications. The highest strength properties of wood-plastic composites were achieved with a plywood fraction and the lowest with materials containing a particle/fibre board fraction. The mechanical performance can be improved by utilizing mineral wool in the formulation of wood-plastic composites. A material mixture containing several wood fractions as well as mineral wool also gave good strength properties. Only a minor reduction in strength properties was measured when recycled plastic was utilized meaning that wood-plastic composites suitable for many types of applications can be produced entirely from recycled materials.

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5

Vacula, Miroslav, Martin Klvač, Robert Mildner, and Šárka Keprdová. "Parameters of Cement Bonded Particle Boards Modified with Stone Wool Fibre." Advanced Materials Research 923 (April 2014): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.923.195.

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The contribution deals with possibilities of using waste from the production of stone wool for modification of the existing composition of cement boards . Waste - the fibres from the production of stone wool - was used as an alternative to the standardly used wooden filler (chips, sawdust). The waste was tested in laboratory and then added to the mixture for the production of cement-bonded particleboards as a substitute for wood filler. The physical and mechanical properties of laboratory-made boards with a modified recipe were monitored.

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6

Haque, Abu Naser Md Ahsanul, and Maryam Naebe. "Waste Wool Powder for Promoting Plant Growth by Moisture Retention." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 12267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912267.

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Natural wastes are widely used as composts for plant growth. However, wool waste has received little attention in this regard, despite its nitrogen-rich chemical structure owing to amide groups. A few studies have been conducted for soil amendment using wool, mostly in raw or pellet form. However, despite the possible consistent mixing and more uniform effect of powders inside soil, wool has never been implemented in powder form in soil for improving moisture. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of using wool as a powder, facilitating better mixing and spreading in soil. Results show that wool powders are more effective in retaining soil moisture compared to wool pellets and are comparable to commercial fertiliser. The findings further indicate that a balanced amount of wool is required to maintain a proper moisture level (not too wet or dry) to promote actual plant growth.

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7

(Zheljazkov), Valtcho Jeliazkov, Glenn Stratton, James Pincock, Stephanie Butler, and Ekaterina Jeliazkova. "Wool and Hair Waste as Nutrient Source for High-value Crops." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1133A—1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1133a.

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One small-plotfield and five container experiments were conducted to evaluate sheep wool-wastes and human hair-wastes as soil amendments and nutrient sources for high-value crops. Overall, the wool-waste or hair-waste addition to soil: 1) increased yields from basil, garden sage, peppermint, valerian, thorn apple, marigold, foxglove, and swiss chard; 2) increased the amount of secondary metabolites (such as essential oils and alkaloids); 3) increased NH4-N and NO3-N in soil; 4) increased total N (and protein) content in plant tissue; 5) did not affect soil microbial biomass; and 6) decreased mycorrhizae colonization of plant roots. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses indicated that some of the wool and hair in soil from the container and field experiments (after two field seasons and several harvests) retained its original structure, retained a significant amount of S and some N, and was not fully decomposed. Our results indicate that single addition of wool or hair-waste of 0.33% by weight to soil would support two to five harvests or crops, without addition of other fertilizers, and may improve soil biological and chemical characteristics.

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8

Yap, Zhen Shyong, Nur Hafizah A. Khalid, Zaiton Haron, Azman Mohamed, Mahmood Md Tahir, Saloma Hasyim, and Anis Saggaff. "Waste Mineral Wool and Its Opportunities—A Review." Materials 14, no. 19 (October 2, 2021): 5777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195777.

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Massive waste rock wool was generated globally and it caused substantial environmental issues such as landfill and leaching. However, reviews on the recyclability of waste rock wool are scarce. Therefore, this study presents an in-depth review of the characterization and potential usability of waste rock wool. Waste rock wool can be characterized based on its physical properties, chemical composition, and types of contaminants. The review showed that waste rock wool from the manufacturing process is more workable to be recycled for further application than the post-consumer due to its high purity. It also revealed that the pre-treatment method—comminution is vital for achieving mixture homogeneity and enhancing the properties of recycled products. The potential application of waste rock wool is reviewed with key results emphasized to demonstrate the practicality and commercial viability of each option. With a high content of chemically inert compounds such as silicon dioxide (SiO2), calcium oxide (CaO), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) that improve fire resistance properties, waste rock wool is mainly repurposed as fillers in composite material for construction and building materials. Furthermore, waste rock wool is potentially utilized as an oil, water pollutant, and gas absorbent. To sum up, waste rock wool could be feasibly recycled as a composite material enhancer and utilized as an absorbent for a greener environment.

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9

Vachnina, T. N., I. V. Susoeva, A. A. Titunin, and S. V. Tsybakin. "Unused Plant Waste and Thermal Insulation Composition Boards on their Basis." Key Engineering Materials 887 (May 2021): 480–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.887.480.

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Many plant wastes are not currently used in production, they are disposed of in landfills or incinerated. The aim of this study is to develop a composite thermal insulation material from unused spinning waste of flax and cotton fibers and soft wood waste. Samples of thermal insulation materials from plant waste were made by drying using the technology of production of soft wood fiber boards. For composite board defined physico-mechanical characteristics and thermal conductivity. The experiment was carried out according to a second-order plan, regression models of the dependences of the material indicators on the proportion of the binder additive, drying temperature and the proportion of wood waste additives were developed. The study showed that composites from unused spinning waste of plant fibers and soft wood waste have the necessary strength under static bending, the swelling in thickness after staying in water is much lower in comparison with the performance of boards from other plant fillers. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of the boards is comparable with the indicator for mineral wool boards.

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10

Qi, Guo Chao, Feng Jun Shan, and Qu Kai Zhang. "Research and Development of Mineral Wool Production with High Temperature Industrial Residual Materials." Materials Science Forum 743-744 (January 2013): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.743-744.301.

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Mineral wool is a type of important material for basic infrastructure development and national economy. It is widely used as insulation material in construction industries. Some high temperature industrial solid waste materials, such as blast furnace slag, cyclone slag and some metal slag, after composition adjusting and reheating, can be directly used to produce mineral wool. The recycle of residual heat in the hot solid wastes can decrease the cost of mineral wool and is beneficial for energy conservation, environmental protection and social sustainable development. The development and technical characteristics of mineral wool production with blast furnace slag, cyclone slag and some non-ferrous metal slag have been analyzed in this paper, and the energy conservation technique in managing high temperature solid waste has been also discussed.

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11

Yliniemi, Juho, Tero Luukkonen, Anne Kaiser, and Mirja Illikainen. "Mineral wool waste-based geopolymers." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 297 (September 2, 2019): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/297/1/012006.

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12

Kukenienė, Žydrūnė, and Vaidotas Vaišis. "POSSIBILITIES OF USING STONE WOOL WASTE IN COMPOSTING." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 2, no. 5 (October 31, 2010): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2010.089.

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The aim of research is to check the possibility of composting stone wool waste using sewage sludge. The problem is huge amounts of dumped waste (sewage sludge, production waste in the stone wool) without any treatment. There is no practice to compost production waste in the stone wool in Lithuania. Stone wool waste can be one of bulk materials in the process of sewage sludge composting and can improve the quality of the prepared compost. Production waste in the stone wool contains phenol and formaldehyde that are very hazardous pollutants, and therefore it is important to follow its concentration during the composting process. The paper analyses the degradation of formaldehyde concentration. Adding stone wool waste made no degradation in the composting process. The most remarkable reduction in formaldehyde concentration is observed during the first half of the composting period. The average composting duration is two months which is a sufficient period for formaldehyde degradation.

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13

Sattler, Theresa, Roland Pomberger, Julia Schimek, and Daniel Vollprecht. "MINERAL WOOL WASTE IN AUSTRIA, ASSOCIATED HEALTH ASPECTS AND RECYCLING OPTIONS." Volume 09 - March 2020, no. 9 (February 10, 2020): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2020.13904.

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Mineral wool products are man-made vitreous fibres that are used as thermal and acoustic insulation materials and as substrates for horticulture. Mineral wool waste is generated from demolition activities by the building and construction industry. Unfavourable mechanical properties, such as low compressibility, elastic behaviour, high volume and low bulk density, cause problems in landfills when mineral wool waste is disposed of. Mineral wool waste with a certain content of carcinogenic fibres is classified as hazardous waste type 31437 g “Asbestos Waste, Asbestos Dust” in Austria, since some characteristics of such fibres are similar to those of asbestos fibres. An exception is those mineral wool materials that have been tested to be noncarcinogenic due to their characteristics of biological solubility or geometrical dimension. Such noncarcinogenic mineral wool waste is classified as non-hazardous waste type 31416 “Mineral fibres”. Generally, it can be assumed that most of the industrial producers of mineral wool in the EU have not been producing carcinogenic material since 1998; however, carcinogenic mineral wool material has not yet been banned in Austria. Therefore, a segregation between so-called “old” and “new” mineral wool material is not necessarily possible. The medical aspects of mineral wool products are still controversial. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) evaluated mineral wool (glass wool and rock wool) as “possibly carcinogenic” in 1988 but revised this evaluation to “inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity” in 2002. Fibrous dusts that reach the alveolar region of the lungs undergo a congruent or incongruent chemical dissolution process. Alveolar macrophages ingest the intruded fibres and fulfil anti-infection and clearance functions. Biosolubility is a key property of this process. The recycling of mineral wool waste has not yet been performed in Austria due to economic inefficiency, technical problems and suspected health issues. However, some recycling and processing options already exist; other options are investigated in the project RecyMin, which compares different concepts with respect to environmental and economic criteria.

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14

Berger, F., F. Gauvin, and H. J. H. Brouwers. "The recycling potential of wood waste into wood-wool/cement composite." Construction and Building Materials 260 (November 2020): 119786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119786.

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15

Mohammad, Nur Zulzika, Yap Zhen Shyong, Zaiton Haron, Mohammad Ismail, Azman Mohamed, and Nur Hafizah A. Khalid. "The Feasibility of Rock Wool Waste Utilisation in a Double-Layer Concrete Brick for Acoustic: A Conceptual Review." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8763.

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Denser population in a city leads to a serious noise pollution problem. In order to control the ambient noise effectively, a sound insulation brick is desired. However, conventional bricks have poor sound barrier system and is made from unsustainable materials that consume high energy. Hence, this paper introduces a feasibility study on rock wool waste utilisation in a double-layer concrete brick (a combination of aerated concrete and solid concrete) as a potential technique to improve the sound barrier system in brick walls. Currently, rock wool waste is one of the synthetic wastes, which are massively dumped into the landfill by the industry or building demolition castoffs every year. However, rock wool waste has the potential to be recycled and reused as a sound insulation material because it still has the fibrous structural characteristic. Aerated concrete is generally known as an acoustic material; hence, this paper reviews on the implementation of rock wool waste in the aerated concrete layer to improve noise absorption performance. The optimum sound absorption and the thickness of aerated concrete were subsequently integrated with the solid media to transmit sound and indirectly improve the overall brick strength to form a double-layer concrete brick and facilitate the invention of sustainable bricks.

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16

Ramaswamy, Yliniemi, Luukkonen, Vesavaara, and Illikainen. "Dissolution Studies of Glass Wool and Stone Wool at Alkaline pH." Proceedings 34, no. 1 (November 18, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019034005.

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Mineral wools—a general term for stone wool and glass wool—are the most common insulation materials in the world. Consequently, 2.5 million tons of mineral wool waste is generated globally which is mainly landfilled. Recently, it was found that mineral wool waste can be used as cementitious material by alkali activation. In alkali activation, dissolution is the primary process as it involves the breakage of bonds and release of ionic species from the surface of the material upon interaction with the reacting solution. Dissolution plays a significant role in the strength development and micro/nano-structural morphology of the final cementitious material. Here, we study the dissolution of stone wool (depicting chemistry of Al-Ca-Mg-Fe silicate glass) and glass wool (depicting chemistry of soda lime silicate glass) in sodium hydroxide solution to provide a better understanding of their reactivity under alkali activation.Experimental studies were carried out at two different liquid to solid ratio (L/S) conditions: high L/S (1000) and low L/S (50) in an N2 glove box. High L/S conditions give information on the early stages of the dissolution whereas low L/S provides later stages of the process.The ICP results show that under both L/S conditions glass wool releases increasing amount of Si, Al and B reaching 39–45 wt.%, 23–26 wt.% and 34–44 wt.% extent of dissolution with time respectively. However, in stone wool the release rate of Si and Al increases initially but becomes constant after certain time period. In both mineral wools, release rate of Ca and Mg varied with time. These changes in the release rate was observed to be due to precipitation of dissolved species. XRD results revealed that three crystalline phases-hydrotalcite, calcite, and calcium silicate were present on both glass and stone wool fibers after 25 days of dissolution. SEM results revealed that the morphology varies at different dissolution times and experimental conditions for both the mineral wools depicting the change in the reaction path. From these studies, we conclude that the dissolution rate and mechanism are controlled by both chemical composition of the fiber and the reacting solution conditions.

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17

Strážnický, Přemysl, Soňa Rusnáková, Milan Žaludek, Ondrej Bošák, Marián Kubliha, and Petr Gross. "The Technological Properties of Polymer Composites Containing Waste Sheep Wool Filler." Materials Science Forum 994 (May 2020): 170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.994.170.

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New technologies are using natural fibres in composites materials in the industry. It is still often natural fibres in modern buildings, chemists, airports, sport and automotive. Using for construction pieces and their better properties than steel or traditional materials. New forward science and technic are recycled or decrease waste. The problem for central Europe is a waste of agricultural, invention relates to an epoxy resin filled with an organo-inorganic filler of natural origin, production especially plants and sheep wool as well as other usable wastes such as old textiles. New applications are in new construction types and industries finding cheaper materials. There is available modern technology for injection moulding granulate polypropylene with filler from sheep wool and plant fibres. For example, to make furniture or building cladding. This could reduce waste production, pollution of nature and emissions in the production of these products from new raw materials. The work presents the possibilities of using new polymer-based materials contain sheep wool as filler. The paper deals with the evaluation of the mechanical properties of the effect of the addition of sheep wool in a concentration of 3% to selected types of thermosetting matrices. In the experiments, the modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, ductility and deformation work were built on the sample set. The results are statistically processed and document the possibilities of adjusting the mechanical properties of composites with sheep wool.

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18

Yliniemi, J., O. Laitinen, P. Kinnunen, and M. Illikainen. "Pulverization of fibrous mineral wool waste." Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 20, no. 2 (December 11, 2017): 1248–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-017-0692-3.

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19

KUDER, K. "COMPLETE SET OF THE WOOL WASHING LINE WITH THE DEVICE BY CAPTURING WOOL FIBERS." Sheep, goats, woolen business, no. 1 (2021): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2074-0840-2021-1-46-47.

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The article discusses ways to improve the effi ciency of wool washing. The waste water discharged into the sewers from the wool-washing barges contains a certain amount of wool fi bers. Waste-water fi ber losses can reach more than 1 ton per year from a single wool-washing line. The article presents a new device developed by the authors for the mechanical capture of fi bers in the process of washing wool, the design of which is shown in the diagram

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20

Kang, Ki Hwan, Sang Youl Kim, Yong Su Um, and Bo Young Hur. "Fabrication Characteristics of Mineral Wool Fiber Used the Waste." Materials Science Forum 510-511 (March 2006): 602–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.510-511.602.

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The development of mineral wool core sandwich panel depends on the reaction of resin on mineral wool and face sheet. The most important factors in developing the mineral wool core are optimization of the Curing system and density of the used resin. In addition, this product considers the functional effect and good environment instead of organic form core. This paper studied the curing conditions, the density of used resin, and the functional effect after manufacturing the mineral wool core.

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21

Bhavsar, Parag, Tudor Balan, Giulia Dalla Fontana, Marina Zoccola, Alessia Patrucco, and Claudio Tonin. "Sustainably Processed Waste Wool Fiber-Reinforced Biocomposites for Agriculture and Packaging Applications." Fibers 9, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib9090055.

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In the EU, sheep bred for dairy and meat purposes are of low quality, their economic value is not even enough to cover shearing costs, and their wool is generally seen as a useless by-product of sheep farming, resulting in large illegal disposal or landfilling. In order to minimize environmental and health-related problems considering elemental compositions of discarded materials such as waste wool, there is a need to recycle and reuse waste materials to develop sustainable innovative technologies and transformation processes to achieve sustainable manufacturing. This study aims to examine the application of waste wool in biocomposite production with the help of a sustainable hydrolysis process without any chemicals and binding material. The impact of superheated water hydrolysis and mixing hydrolyzed wool fibers with kraft pulp on the performance of biocomposite was investigated and characterized using SEM, FTIR, tensile strength, DSC, TGA, and soil burial testing in comparison with 100% kraft pulp biocomposite. The superheated water hydrolysis process increases the hydrophilicity and homogeneity and contributes to increasing the speed of biodegradation. The biocomposite is entirely self-supporting, provides primary nutrients for soil nourishment, and is observed to be completely biodegradable when buried in the soil within 90 days. Among temperatures tested for superheated water hydrolysis of raw wool, 150 °C seems to be the most appropriate for the biocomposite preparation regarding physicochemical properties of wool and suitability for wool mixing with cellulose. The combination of a sustainable hydrolysis process and the use of waste wool in manufacturing an eco-friendly, biodegradable paper/biocomposite will open new potential opportunities for the utilization of waste wool in agricultural and packaging applications and minimize environmental impact.

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22

Santhiarsa, IGN Nitya. "Effect of Variations in Pyrolysis Reactor With Glass Wool Equipped and Without Glass Wool on the Weight of the Oil Produced." Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology 5, no. 2 (November 25, 2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um016v5i22021p089.

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Currently, plastic waste is a very serious threat because plastic waste pollution can harm all living things around and also harm the environment. The increasing volume of plastic waste is due to the lack of processing technology, so that the volume of plastic waste is increasing day by day. Plastic is a material that is difficult to decompose because it is non-biodegradable. One application of plastic waste processing technology offered in this study is to use the pyrolysis principle. Pyrolysis is a method of converting plastic into fuel oil through a thermal decomposition process without the use of oxygen. The pyrolysis process used with a variety of reactors equipped with glass wool and reactor variations without glass wool. The purpose of this study was to compare the yield of pyrolysis oil with a variety of reactors equipped with glass wool and reactors without glass wool. The plastic used is OPP (oriented polypropylene), with a constant reactor heating temperature of 200° C. The pyrolysis process is carried out for 1 hour each test, and the condenser cooling temperature is 28° C. Based on the results of the research, the reactor variation with glass wool got the highest oil weight of 175 grf, while the reactor variation without glass wool got the lowest oil weight of 17 grf. With a variety of reactors equipped with glass wool, the heat generated is more concentrated into the reactor core, resulting in higher oil weight and a more efficient pyrolysis process.

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23

Łaźniewska-Piekarczyk, Beata, Monika Czop, and Dominik Smyczek. "The Comparison of the Environmental Impact of Waste Mineral Wool and Mineral in Wool-Based Geopolymer." Materials 15, no. 6 (March 10, 2022): 2050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15062050.

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Waste generated in fine wool production is homogeneous and without contamination, which increases its chances of reuse. Waste mineral wool from demolition sites belongs to the specific group of waste. However, the storage and collection require implementing restrictive conditions, such as improper storage of mineral wool, which is highly hazardous for the environment. The study focuses on the leachability of selected pollutants (pH, Cl−, SO42−) and heavy metals (Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) from the waste mineral wool. As a solution to the problem of storing mineral wool waste, it was proposed to process it into wool-based geopolymer. The geopolymer, based on mineral wool, was also assessed regarding the leaching of selected impurities. Rock mineral wool is very good for geopolymerisation, but the glass wool needs to be completed with additional components rich in Al2O3. The research involved geopolymer prepared from mineral glass wool with bauxite and Al2O3. So far, glass wool with the mentioned additives has not been tested. An essential aspect of the article is checking the influence of wool-based geopolymer on the environment. To investigate the environmental effects of the wool-based monolith and crushed wool geopolymers were compared. Such research has not been conducted so far. For this purpose, water extracts from fragmented geopolymers were made, and tests were carried out following EN 12457-4. There is no information in the literature on the influence of geopolymer on the environment, which is an essential aspect of its possible use. The research results proved that the geopolymer made on the base of mineral wool meets the environmental requirements, except for the pH value. As mentioned in the article, the geopolymerisation process requires the dissolution of the starting material in a high pH (alkaline) solution. On the other hand, the pH minimum 11.2 value of fresh geopolymer binder is required to start geopolymerisation. Moreover, research results analysed in the literature showed that the optimum NaOH concentration is 8 M. for the highest compressive strength of geopolymer. Therefore, the geopolymer strength decreases with NaO concentration in the NaOH solution. Geopolymers glass wool-based mortars with Al2O3 obtained an average compressive strength of 59, the geopolymer with bauxite achieved about 51 MPa. Thus, Al2O3 is a better additional glass wool-based geopolymer than bauxite. The average compressive strength of rock wool-based geopolymer mortar was about 62 MPa. The average compressive strength of wool-based geopolymer binder was about 20–25 MPa. It was observed that samples of geopolymers grout without aggregate participation are characterised by cracking and deformation.

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Väntsi, Olli, and Timo Kärki. "Mineral wool waste in Europe: a review of mineral wool waste quantity, quality, and current recycling methods." Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 16, no. 1 (August 16, 2013): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-013-0170-5.

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25

Ma, Hui, Jiajia Shen, Jianda Cao, Dongsheng Wang, Binbin Yue, Zhiping Mao, Wen Wu, and Huanxia Zhang. "Fabrication of wool keratin/polyethylene oxide nano-membrane from wool fabric waste." Journal of Cleaner Production 161 (September 2017): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.121.

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26

Hood, Colette M., and Michael G. Healy. "Bioconversion of waste keratins: wool and feathers." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 11, no. 1-4 (June 1994): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-3449(94)90088-4.

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27

Georgescu, Sergiu-Valeriu, Daniela Șova, Mihaela Campean, and Camelia Coșereanu. "A Sustainable Approach to Build Insulated External Timber Frame Walls for Passive Houses Using Natural and Waste Materials." Forests 13, no. 4 (March 28, 2022): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13040522.

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This paper presents structures of timber-framed walls designed for passive houses, using natural and waste resources as insulation materials, such as wool, wood fibers, ground paper, reeds (Phragmites communis), and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) wastes. The insulation systems of stud walls composed of wool–ABS composite boards and five types of fillers (wool, ABS, wood fibers, ground paper, and reeds) were investigated to reach U-value requirements for passive houses. The wall structures were designed at a thickness of 175 mm, including gypsum board for internal wall lining and oriented strand board (OSB) for the exterior one. The testing protocol of thermal insulation properties of wall structures simulated conditions for indoor and outdoor temperatures during the winter and summer seasons using HFM-Lambda laboratory equipment. In situ measurements of U-values were determined for the experimental wall structures during winter time, when the temperature differences between outside and inside exceeded 10 °C. The results recorded for the U-values between 0.20 W/m2K and 0.35 W/m2K indicate that the proposed structures are energy-efficient walls for passive houses placed in the temperate-continental areas. The vapour flow rate calculation does not indicate the presence of condensation in the 175 mm thick wall structures, which proves that the selected thermal insulation materials are not prone to degradation due to condensation. The research is aligned to the international trend in civil engineering, oriented to the design and construction of low-energy buildings on the one hand and the use of environmentally friendly or recycled materials on the other.

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Sattler, Theresa, Marco Sartori, Robert Galler, Roland Pomberger, Jörg Krainz, Julia Schimek, and Daniel Vollprecht. "Effects of cement addition and briquetting of rock wool on its geomechanical stability in landfills." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 38, no. 4 (March 1, 2020): 408–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x20906876.

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Landfilling of mineral wool waste in big bags at separate landfill compartments is required in Austria. This results in enormous differences in the Young’s moduli between common construction and demolition (C&D) waste compartments and mineral wool compartments, which causes severe accidents in terms of overturned vehicles due to sudden subsidence of the subsurface. Conditioning of mineral wool waste might be applied to adjust its geomechanical behaviour to that of common C&D waste but has never been investigated scientifically before. In this study we compare three scenarios for the conditioning of rock wool for landfilling: (A) loosely packing, (B) cutting comminution + cement addition and (C) cutting comminution + cement-supported briquetting. The performance of the different sample bodies under landfill conditions was simulated at the lab scale by cyclic loading (1223–3112 N, up to 160 cycles) using a ‘Wille Geotechnik UL 300’ press. The deformation was monitored during the experiment and Young’s modulus was derived graphically, whereas the test execution was piston controlled. The Young’s modulus increased during the experiments from 0.2 MPa to 4.6 MPa for scenario (A), from 0.6 MPa to 20.5 MPa for scenario (B) and from 7.5 MPa to 111.0 MPa for scenario (C). These results show that a combination of comminution and cement-supported briquetting significantly increases the geotechnical performance of mineral wool waste with respect to landfilling, which is still three orders of magnitude below that of common C&D waste, which is in the range of 30,000 MPa.

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Kozub, Barbara, Patrycja Bazan, Rihards Gailitis, Kinga Korniejenko, and Dariusz Mierzwiński. "Foamed Geopolymer Composites with the Addition of Glass Wool Waste." Materials 14, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 4978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14174978.

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This study examines foamed geopolymer composites based on fly ash from the Skawina coal-fired power plant in Poland. The paper presents the effect of adding 3% and 5% by weight of glass wool waste on selected properties of foamed geopolymers. The scope of the tests carried out included density measurements, compressive and bending strength tests, measurements of the heat conduction coefficient, and the results of measurements of changes in thermal radiation in samples subjected to a temperature of 800 °C. The obtained results indicate that glass wool waste can be successfully used to lower the density and heat conduction coefficient of foamed geopolymer composites with a fly ash matrix. In addition, the results of changes in thermal radiation in the samples subjected to the temperature of 800 °C showed a positive effect of the addition of glass wool waste. Moreover, the introduction of the addition of glass wool waste made it possible to increase the compressive strength of the examined foamed geopolymers. For the material modified with 3% by weight of mineral wool, the increase in compressive strength was about 10%, and the increase in fibers in the amount of 5% by weight resulted in an increase of 20% concerning the base material. The obtained results seem promising for future applications. Such materials can be used in technical constructions as thermal insulation materials.

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Tudose, Eugenia Teodora Iacob, Tudor Balau Mindru, and Ioan Mamaliga. "Wool and Leather Waste Materials with Thermo-Insulating Properties." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 7 (August 4, 2020): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.7.8226.

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Seven new different thermo-insulating materials based on wool and /or skin wastes were obtained. To emphasize this capability, the effective thermal diffusivities were determined at a material moisture content of 10%, in a temperature range of 10 to 40oC. Depending on the material composition, the results showed that the effective thermal diffusivity varies between the limits of 6E-8 and 8.5E-8 m2/s. The smallest values were obtained for the untreated wool and for the material obtained from both untreated wool and finished leather powder. The obtained values underline the fact that the investigated materials can be used to obtain composites with good thermo-insulating properties.

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Awoyera, Paul O., Oluwaseun L. Odutuga, John Uduak Effiong, Astelio De Jesus Silvera Sarmiento, Seyed Javad Mortazavi, and Jong Wan Hu. "Development of Fibre-Reinforced Cementitious Mortar with Mineral Wool and Coconut Fibre." Materials 15, no. 13 (June 27, 2022): 4520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15134520.

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Globally, as human population and industries grow, so does the creation of agricultural, industrial, and demolition waste. When these wastes are not properly recycled, reused, or disposed of, they pose a threat to the environment. The importance of this study lies in the beneficial use of coconut fibre and mineral wool in the form of fibres in cement mortar production. This study examines the use of coconut and mineral wool fibres in the production of fibre-reinforced mortar. Five different mortar mixtures were prepared, having one control mortar along with four fibre-reinforced mortars. The control mortar is denoted as CM while 1% and 1.5% of mineral wool are incorporated into this mortar mix and denoted as RMM-1.0 and RMM-1.5, respectively. Additionally, the mortar sample configurations contain 1% and 1.5% coconut fibers, designated as RCM-1.0 and RCM-1.5. These samples were subjected to different strength and durability tests to determine their suitability for use in mortar production. The testing findings show that mortar containing 1.5% mineral wool has better compared flexural strength and durability properties. The investigation results will form part of the database for the efficient utilization of natural and waste fibres in the construction and building sectors.

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Akkus, Memis. "Hybrid composite board produced from wood and mineral stone wool fibers." BioResources 17, no. 4 (September 19, 2022): 6245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.4.6245-6261.

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Wood fiberboards are used extensively, mainly in the fields of furniture production, interior fittings, construction, etc. Mineral stone wool materials are used for heat and sound insulation in the construction industry. This study aimed to produce a new hybrid-based composite material by mixing fibers obtained from wood and mineral stone wool. For this purpose, hybrid fiberboards with 50, 40, 30, and 20% stone wool addition and a fiberboard group consisting of 100% pine and beech fibers (control sample) were produced in a hot press using thermoset-based urea formaldehyde and phenol formaldehyde resins. Statistical comparisons of the results were made for values of density, thickness swelling, and water absorption extents after 24 h immersion, bending strength and modulus of elasticity in bending, tensile strength perpendicular to the board surface (internal bond strength), and time to ignition (TTI) analysis. Additionally, percentage of mass loss (PML), average heat release rate (A-HRR), average effective heat of combustion (A-EHC), and mass loss rate (MLR) were studied. The results showed that as the stone wool content in the produced boards increased, the mechanical properties and thickness swelling decreased. The combustion results showed that the combustion resistance of the boards increased with increasing stone wool ratio.

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Domonkos, Mária, Ondřej Zobal, Zdeněk Prošek, and Jan Trejbal. "Thermal properties of mineral wool insulation recovered from construction and demolition waste." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 34 (March 24, 2022): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2022.34.0006.

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Mineral wool is one of the most commonly used types of thermal insulation in the European Union at the present, however, it generates massive amounts of waste. From an environmental standpoint, recycling or reuse of insulation materials seems to be a wise solution. This paper aims to study the thermal and structural properties of recycled mineral wool insulation recovered from construction and demolition waste. The thermal conductivity, the basic parameter characterizing thermal insulation materials, was measured using a heat flow meter. Test specimens with various bulk density (in the range 50–120 kg/m3) were made from micro-milled and chopped waste material (cladding of 30 years old building). The obtained results were compared with reference samples (non-contaminated blown mineral wool insulation Supafil Loft 045).

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Berechet, Mariana Daniela, Mihaela Doina Niculescu, Carmen Gaidau, Madalina Ignat, and Doru Gabriel Epure. "Alkaline-Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Wool Waste for Different Applications." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 7 (August 15, 2018): 1649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.7.6388.

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Wool waste represents a valuable and renewable material with low level of valorization and high potential to be integrated in bioeconomy. The extraction of keratin from wool by-products generated by sheep breeders and furskin industry represents a valuable approach for reducing the environmental pollution with organic and heavy biodegradable waste and a possibility to use a renewable product in agriculture or different industries. Keratin hydrolysates were obtained by alkaline and alkaline-enzymatic hydrolysis with extraction yields of 16.4-43.5%. The obtained keratin hydrolysates were characterized by physical-chemical analysis (dry substance, nitrogen content, pH, ash etc), FT-IR spectra, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and surface tension (VCA Optima XE). Alkaline and alkaline-enzymatic hydrolyses of wool waste showed the possibility to obtain different keratin polypeptides with suitable properties for application in leather industry or in agriculture.

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35

Cai, Zengxiao, Md Abdullah Al Faruque, Alper Kiziltas, Deborah Mielewski, and Maryam Naebe. "Sustainable Lightweight Insulation Materials from Textile-Based Waste for the Automobile Industry." Materials 14, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051241.

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Globally, automotive manufacturers are looking for ways to produce environmentally sustainable and recyclable materials for automobiles to meet new regulations and customer desires. To enable the needs for rapid response, this study investigated the feasibility of using waste and virgin wool fibres as cost-effective and sustainable alternatives for automotive sound and heat insulation using a chemical-free approach. Several properties of the currently available commercial automotive insulators were investigated in order to facilitate the designing of green wool-based needle-punched nonwoven materials. The effect of fibre diameter, nonwoven surface, layer structure, thickness, and area density on sound absorption and thermal resistance was investigated. The results suggested that the wool nonwoven materials, fabricated using waste and virgin wool fibres, possessed extremely efficient acoustic and thermal insulating properties comparable with the currently used commercial synthetic insulating materials. Besides, the wool nonwoven materials showed identical antibacterial and antifungal properties with a greater biodegradation rate (50%) than that of the commercial synthetic insulating materials. Hence, this study showed that natural wool fibres have the potential to be used as green, lightweight, and sustainable materials in the automobiles, while they qualify for Reuse–Recycle and Reuse–Recover purposes at the end-of-life of vehicles.

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36

YAMAMOTO, Yasuyuki, Kimio IINO, and Tomohiro OKADA. "Development of recycling equipment for glass wool waste." Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering 2004.14 (2004): 263–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeenv.2004.14.263.

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37

Shavandi, Amin, and Azam Ali. "A new adhesive from waste wool protein hydrolysate." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 6, no. 5 (October 2018): 6700–6706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.10.022.

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38

Cao, Chun, Hongliang Kang, Ning Che, Zhijing Liu, Pingping Li, Chao Zhang, Weiwei Li, Ruigang Liu, and Yong Huang. "Wool graft polyacrylamidoxime as the adsorbent for both cationic and anionic toxic ions from aqueous solutions." RSC Adv. 4, no. 105 (2014): 60609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra10514a.

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Wool graft polyacrylamidoxime (W-g-PAO) was synthesized using coarse wool as the raw keratin material. The W-g-PAO can be used as the cheap and excellent adsorbent for the removal of both cationic and anionic toxic ions from waste water. The approach can be extended to the modification of other waste raw keratin materials and used them as the blocks for the fabrication of functional materials.

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39

Verdnik, Aleksandra, Maja Čolnik, Željko Knez, and Mojca Škerget. "Isolation of Keratin from Waste Wool Using Hydrothermal Processes." Acta Chimica Slovenica 68, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2020.6538.

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The subcritical water (SubCW) extractions of waste wool to produce keratin were performed at temperatures of 150 °C to 250 °C and at different reaction times between 5 min to 75 min. The resulting proteins in the obtained products were confirmed with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The molecular weight of the protein extracts was determined by using two different methods: with a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS-PAGE) and by using a gel permeation chromatography. The results show, that by using SubCW, keratin can be isolated from waste wool in very high yields, much higher than by other chemical methods. Maximal yield was achieved at 180 °C and 60 min and it was 90.3%. The molecular weight distributions of extracted proteins, which were generated from waste wool were between 14 kDa and 4 kDa, what is comparable to the results obtained by other chemical methods.

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40

Wajima, T., and S. Matsuka. "A New Recycling Process of Waste Glass Wool Using Pyrolysis with Sodium Hydroxide." International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications 10, no. 3 (June 2019): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijcea.2019.10.3.744.

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41

Zhang, Xinyue, Yani Guo, Wenjun Li, Jinyuan Zhang, Hailiang Wu, Ningtao Mao, and Hui Zhang. "Magnetically Recyclable Wool Keratin Modified Magnetite Powders for Efficient Removal of Cu2+ Ions from Aqueous Solutions." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (April 21, 2021): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051068.

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The treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals and the utilization of wool waste are very important for the sustainable development of textile mills. In this study, the wool keratin modified magnetite (Fe3O4) powders were fabricated by using wool waste via a co-precipitation technique for removal of Cu2+ ions from aqueous solutions. The morphology, chemical compositions, crystal structure, microstructure, magnetism properties, organic content, and specific surface area of as-fabricated powders were systematically characterized by various techniques including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analyzer. The effects of experimental parameters such as the volume of wool keratin hydrolysate, the dosage of powder, the initial Cu2+ ion concentration, and the pH value of solution on the adsorption capacity of Cu2+ ions by the powders were examined. The experimental results indicated that the Cu2+ ion adsorption performance of the wool keratin modified Fe3O4 powders exhibited much better than that of the chitosan modified ones with a maximum Cu2+ adsorption capacity of 27.4 mg/g under favorable conditions (0.05 g powders; 50 mL of 40 mg/L CuSO4; pH 5; temperature 293 K). The high adsorption capacity towards Cu2+ ions on the wool keratin modified Fe3O4 powders was primarily because of the strong surface complexation of –COOH and –NH2 functional groups of wool keratins with Cu2+ ions. The Cu2+ ion adsorption process on the wool keratin modified Fe3O4 powders followed the Temkin adsorption isotherm model and the intraparticle diffusion and pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic models. After Cu2+ ion removal, the wool keratin modified Fe3O4 powders were easily separated using a magnet from aqueous solution and efficiently regenerated using 0.5 M ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-H2SO4 eluting. The wool keratin modified Fe3O4 powders possessed good regenerative performance after five cycles. This study provided a feasible way to utilize waste wool textiles for preparing magnetic biomass-based adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions.

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42

Gou, Ming Xia, and Xu Hong Yang. "Preparation and Characterization of Wool Keratin/PVA Blended Films." Advanced Materials Research 175-176 (January 2011): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.175-176.132.

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The method of extracting protein from wool was studied for the purpose of reusing the waste wool. The aqueous solution of wool keratin was prepared with Sodium Shlfide as reductive agent. In this paper, PVA was used to mix with keratin in different proportions. Both solutions were cast to obtain blended films. Scanning electron microscopy investigation showed that the surface of blended films was rough and uneven and the surface of the pure keratin film had small peridiole. FTIR analysis indicated that the secondary structure of the keratin was influenced by the blending ratios. Compared with wool fiber, the keratin film cast from aqueous solution showed a decrease in the amount of α-helix structure, while β-sheet and random coil conformations increased. When the keratin solution and PVA solution were blended in the ratios of 40:60, the film was flexible and rigid, and had good mechanical properties. This study encourages the further investigation of the applications of wool keratin films in the biomedical field, which could provide a new way to reuse various waste feathers.

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Zaragoza-Benzal, Alicia, Daniel Ferrández, Paulo Santos, and Carlos Morón. "Recovery of End-of-Life Tyres and Mineral Wool Waste: A Case Study with Gypsum Composite Materials Applying Circular Economy Criteria." Materials 16, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010243.

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The building sector is currently undergoing a process of change due to concerns about the sustainability of the construction industry. The application of circular economy criteria to develop new, more sustainable construction products has become one of the major challenges for the society of the future. This research advances towards the development of new lightened gypsum composites that incorporate waste from end-of-life tyres and recycled fibres from mineral wool thermal insulation in their composition. The results show how it is possible to reduce the consumption of the original raw materials by replacing them with recycled rubber granular particles, developing new construction products that are lighter, with better water resistance and greater thermal resistance. Additionally, it is shown that the incorporation of recycled fibres from rock wool and glass wool insulation is a good solution to improve the mechanical resistance of lightened gypsum composites, giving these construction and demolition wastes a second useful life by reincorporating them in the process of manufacturing new prefabricated housing products.

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Ferrández, Daniel, Manuel Álvarez, Pablo Saiz, and Alicia Zaragoza-Benzal. "Recovery of Mineral Wool Waste and Recycled Aggregates for Use in the Manufacturing Processes of Masonry Mortars." Processes 10, no. 5 (April 22, 2022): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10050830.

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The environmental problems caused by industrial waste are of a universal nature. In this sense, achieving an adequate management of construction and demolition waste has become one of the great challenges of today’s society. This work studies the possibility of recovering mineral wool thermal insulation waste for its reincorporation into the manufacturing process of masonry mortar. To this end, an experimental campaign has been conducted with mortars made with natural aggregate and two types of recycled aggregates: concrete and mixed ceramic, in which mineral wool fibers are incorporated as a partial replacement of sand in percentages of 0%, 10% and 20%. The results show that, although the traditional mortars offer better technical performance, the mortars made with recycled aggregate present adequate viability for use on-site. Furthermore, it has been concluded that the incorporation of recycled mineral wool fibers in the mortar matrix decreases the thermal conductivity and shrinkage during the setting of these materials, increasing their mechanical flexural strength and durability.

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45

Evangelista, Neuza, Jorge Alberto Soares Tenório, José Roberto Oliveira, Paulo R. Borges, and Taiany Coura M. Ferreira. "Characterization of Industrial Wastes, Glass and Ceramic Wool." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 1585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.1585.

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Ceramic fibers are characterized by their light weight, high degree of purity, low heat storage, low thermal conductivity, thermal shock resistance and superior corrosion resistance in high-temperature environments. In addition, they can be produced extensively in substitution to all materials used in the coating of almost all heating equipment as well as contributing to the reduction of energy consumption. Such characteristics make them ideal in the coating of distributors, mufflers, heating ovens, among others, as highly demanded by the mining and metallurgical industries, among others. After use in the process of industrial production, generated waste will lose their insulation capacity and thus require safe disposal. The present work focuses specifically on ceramic and glass wools aiming at an evaluation of their recycling prospect of incorporation into cement mortars and concrete. This residues were pulverized and displayed ~30µm average particle size. The scan electronic microscopy (SEM) presented elongated, thin and straight particles, which is very different than flocular structure of cement. The X-rays diffraction revealed amorphous structure for glass wool and crystalline structure for ceramics wool. The chemical analysis showed high concentrations of Al2O3 and silica in both residues, with higher percentage of calcium oxide in glass wool.

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Zheljazkov, Valtcho D. "Assessment of Wool Waste and Hair Waste as Soil Amendment and Nutrient Source." Journal of Environmental Quality 34, no. 6 (November 2005): 2310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.0332.

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47

P., Chandrasekaran, and Saminathan Ratnapandian. "Evaluation of Sawdust as a Sustainable Dye Source in Ethiopia." Tekstilec 66 (February 14, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14502/tekstilec.65.2022085.

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Increasing eco-consciousness among consumers is creating an expanding niche market for textiles coloured using natural dyes. Natural dyes are derived from different parts of plants, animals (insects and invertebrates) and minerals. Although plant sources are common, a growing global population makes them compete with food crops. Hence, there is a need to investigate alternate avenues for procuring natural dyes. This research examined the feasibility of utilizing extractions of sawdust, a waste product of the wood furniture industry, as a natural colorant. Sawdust is an inevitable waste generated during the conversion of wood into consumer products such as furniture (tables, chairs, etc.), doors and windows. Sawdust, generated in significant amounts by timber mills, may be used in chipboard manufacture. However, the furniture industry disposes of sawdust as fuel or sometimes as communal waste. In this study, segregated sawdust of the most common woods was collected from Ethiopian furniture houses in Addis Ababa and Bahir Dar. Dyeing was attempted on cotton and wool fabrics using individual aqueous extractions. Different shades were obtained only on wool by simultaneous mordanting with mordants, such as copper sulphate, ferrous sulphate and potassium dichromate, using the exhaust dyeing method. Acceptable fastness to light, perspiration, rubbing and washing, as evaluated according to the relevant ISO standards, was obtained. It may be concluded that sawdust is a viable secondary source of natural dyes for textile coloration in Ethiopia and elsewhere.

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Popescu, Vasilica, Alexandra Cristina Blaga, Melinda Pruneanu, Irina Niculina Cristian, Marius Pîslaru, Andrei Popescu, Vlad Rotaru, Igor Crețescu, and Dan Cașcaval. "Green Chemistry in the Extraction of Natural Dyes from Colored Food Waste, for Dyeing Protein Textile Materials." Polymers 13, no. 22 (November 9, 2021): 3867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13223867.

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The beetroot peels can be a sustainable source of betalains that can dye the wool materials through green processes based on low water and energy consumption. Green chemistry in the extraction of betalains from colored food waste/peels from red beetroot involved the use of water as a solvent, without other additives. In order for the extract obtained to be able to dye the wool, it was necessary to functionalize betalains or even the wool. Three types of sustainable functionalizations were performed, with (1) acetic acid; (2) ethanol; and (3) arginine. For each functionalization, the mechanism that can justify dyeing the wool in intense colors was elucidated. The characterization of the extract was performed with the data provided by UV-VIS and HPLC-MS analyses. The characterization of the wool dyed with the extract obtained from the red beetroot peels was possible due to the information resulting from the FTIR and CIELab analyses. The functionalizations of betalains and wool in acid environments lead to the most intense red colors. The color varies depending on the pH and the concentration of betalains.

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Romaniega Piñeiro, Sonia, Mercedes del Río Merino, and Cristina Pérez García. "New Plaster Composite with Mineral Wool Fibres from CDW Recycling." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/854192.

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Over the last decade the intense activity of the building sector has generated large quantities of construction and demolition waste (CDW). In particular, in Europe around 890 million tons of CDW is generated every year; however, only 50% of them are recycled. In Spain, over the last years 40 millions of tons of construction and demolition waste have been generated. On the other hand, since the implementation of the Technical Building Code regulation the use of mineral wools as building insulation materials has become a widespread solution in both rehabilitation and new construction works, and because of that, this kind of insulation waste is increasing. This research analyzes the potential of a new composite (gypsum and fiber waste) including several mineral wools waste into a plaster matrix. For this purpose, an experimental plan, characterizing the physical and mechanical behaviour as well as the Shore C hardness of the new composite, was elaborated fulfilling UNE Standards.

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50

Kicińska-Jakubowska, Anna, Jan Broda, Małgorzata Zimniewska, Marcin Bączek, and Jerzy Mańkowski. "Effect of Blend Composition on Barrier Properties of Insulating Mats Produced from Local Wool and Waste Bast Fibres." Materials 16, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010459.

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This paper concerns the management of natural waste fibres. The aim of this research was the production of multifunctional acoustic and thermal insulation materials from natural protein and lignocellulosic fibre wastes, according to a circular bioeconomy. For the manufacture of the materials, local mountain sheep wool and a mixture of bast fibre waste generated by string production were used. Insulating materials in the form of mats produced by the needle-punching technique with different fibre contents were obtained. The basic parameters of the mats, i.e., the thickness, surface weight and air permeability were determined. To assess barrier properties, sound absorption and noise reduction coefficients, as well as thermal resistance and thermal conductivity, were measured. It was shown that the mats exhibit barrier properties in terms of thermal and acoustic insulation related to the composition of the mat. It was found that mats with a higher content of the bast fibres possess a greater ability to absorb sounds, while mats with higher wool contents exhibit better thermal insulation properties. The produced mats can serve as a good alternative to commonly used acoustic and thermal insulating materials. The production of the described materials allows for a reduction in the amount of natural fibre waste and achieves the goal of “zero waste” according to the European Green Deal strategy.

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