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Статті в журналах з теми "Waste solidification"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024

Оновлено: 7 липня 2024

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1

Svidersky, V., V. Glukhovsky, I. Glukhovsky, and T. Dashkova. "Liquid Radioactive Solidification Technologies." Nuclear and Radiation Safety, no. 1(81) (March 12, 2019): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32918/nrs.2019.1(81).12.

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This review provides a brief analysis of familiar and tested technologies of liquid radioactive waste solidification. The technologies of bituminization, vitrification and incorporation of radioactive waste into the polymer matrix are considered. The paper presents the efficiency indices of the conventional cementation technology and sets forth the results of calculating the cost of components for cementing liquid radioactive waste of various concentrations. Besides, there are results of calculating the volumetric characteristics of cement stone for water-cement relations used for cementing liquid radioactive waste. The review includes the results based on the development and implementation of solidification technologies for liquid radioactive waste using contact-hardening binders that form a durable waterproof stone at the time of pressing and do not require additional water for curing. Generated compounds for immobilization of liquid radioactive waste from nuclear power plants are tested to identify their strength characteristics, resistance to irradiation and leaching parameters. The paper covers the calculation of the cost of components for the solidification of liquid radioactive waste of various concentrations. The developed technology of liquid radioactive waste solidification allows obtaining compounds with strength up to 40 MPa. The volume of the final product is increased by 1.8 times, and the leaching rate is in the range of 1.10×10–4…9.5×10–5 kg/m2 per day.

2

Luhar, Ismail, Salmabanu Luhar, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Andrei Victor Sandu, Petrica Vizureanu, Rafiza Abdul Razak, Dumitru Doru Burduhos-Nergis, and Thanongsak Imjai. "Solidification/Stabilization Technology for Radioactive Wastes Using Cement: An Appraisal." Materials 16, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16030954.

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Across the world, any activity associated with the nuclear fuel cycle such as nuclear facility operation and decommissioning that produces radioactive materials generates ultramodern civilian radioactive waste, which is quite hazardous to human health and the ecosystem. Therefore, the development of effectual and commanding management is the need of the hour to make certain the sustainability of the nuclear industries. During the management process of waste, its immobilization is one of the key activities conducted with a view to producing a durable waste form which can perform with sustainability for longer time frames. The cementation of radioactive waste is a widespread move towards its encapsulation, solidification, and finally disposal. Conventionally, Portland cement (PC) is expansively employed as an encapsulant material for storage, transportation and, more significantly, as a radiation safeguard to vigorous several radioactive waste streams. Cement solidification/stabilization (S/S) is the most widely employed treatment technique for radioactive wastes due to its superb structural strength and shielding effects. On the other hand, the eye-catching pros of cement such as the higher mechanical strength of the resulting solidified waste form, trouble-free operation and cost-effectiveness have attracted researchers to employ it most commonly for the immobilization of radionuclides. In the interest to boost the solidified waste performances, such as their mechanical properties, durability, and reduction in the leaching of radionuclides, vast attempts have been made in the past to enhance the cementation technology. Additionally, special types of cement were developed based on Portland cement to solidify these perilous radioactive wastes. The present paper reviews not only the solidification/stabilization technology of radioactive wastes using cement but also addresses the challenges that stand in the path of the design of durable cementitious waste forms for these problematical functioning wastes. In addition, the manuscript presents a review of modern cement technologies for the S/S of radioactive waste, taking into consideration the engineering attributes and chemistry of pure cement, cement incorporated with SCM, calcium sulpho–aluminate-based cement, magnesium-based cement, along with their applications in the S/S of hazardous radioactive wastes.

3

Bahadir, Müfit. "Waste solidification and related problems." Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 20-21, no. 1 (April 1989): 405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772248909357404.

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4

Mohamed, Abdel-Mohsen O., and Maisa El Gamal. "Sulfur based hazardous waste solidification." Environmental Geology 53, no. 1 (January 24, 2007): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0631-4.

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5

Pinto, C. A., L. T. Hamassaki, F. R. Valenzuela-Diaz, J. Dweck, and P. M. Büchler. "Tannery waste solidification and stabilization." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 77, no. 3 (2004): 777–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jtan.0000041657.06335.54.

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6

Vacenovska, Bozena, Rostislav Drochytka, and Tomas Bina. "The Verification of Usage Possibilities of the Hazardous Waste Solidification Product in the Construction of Road Embankment." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 1947–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1947.

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This paper presents a fraction of the ongoing research at the Faculty of Civil Engineering Brno University of Technology which is devoted to the verification of the possibility to use solidification products prepared from selected types of hazardous waste in building industry. Presented paper deals with the verification of possibility of its use as a material used in the construction of road embankment. Two types of hazardous waste were chosen - the first of these is an inorganic waste sludge from the wire drawing process (indicated as A) and the second is waste pressed sludge from the neutralization station from tooling (indicated as B).Solidification formulas for these wastes were proposed, then sample specimens were prepared and laboratory tested in accordance to their future use were provided.

7

Shon, Jong-Sik, Hyun-Kyu Lee, Gi-Yong Kim, Tack-Jin Kim, and Byung-Gil Ahn. "Evaluation of Disposal Stability for Cement Solidification of Lime Waste." Materials 15, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030872.

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The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) obtains UO2 powder using the ammonium uranyl carbonate (AUC) wet process. Hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) is used to neutralize liquid wastes produced from the AUC process, and the resulting byproduct is known as lime waste. The purpose of this study is to determine optimum operating conditions for cementation of radioactive lime waste produced from the AUC process, and to evaluate the structural stability and leaching stability of cement waste form. The waste acceptance criteria (WAC) of a waste disposal facility in Korea were used to evaluate the cement waste form samples. The maximum lime waste content guaranteeing the shape stability of cement waste form was found to be 80 wt.% or less. Considering the economic feasibility and error of the cementation process, the optimum operating conditions were achieved at a lime waste content of 75 wt.% and a water-to-cement (w/c) ratio of 2.0. The compressive strength of cement waste form samples prepared under optimal operating conditions was 61.4, 76.3, and 61.0 kgf/cm2 after the thermal cycling test, water immersion test, and irradiation, respectively, satisfying the compressive strength of 35.2 kgf/cm2 specified in WAC. A leaching test was performed on the samples, and the leachability indexes (LX) of Cs, Sr, and Co nuclides were 7.63, 8.02, and 10.89, respectively, which are all higher than the acceptance criterion of 6. The results showed that the cement waste forms prepared under optimal operating conditions satisfied the WAC in terms of structural stability and leaching stability. As such, the proposed cement solidification method for lime waste disposal can be effective in solidifying lime waste powder produced during the neutralization of liquid wastes in the AUC process.

8

Jeon, Ji-Hun, Jong-Hwan Lee, Woo-Chun Lee, Sang-Woo Lee, and Soon-Oh Kim. "Solidification of Radioactive Wastes Using Recycled Cement Originating from Decommissioned Nuclear-Energy Facilities." Applied Sciences 14, no. 5 (February 22, 2024): 1781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14051781.

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Hundreds of thousands of tons of waste are generated from decommissioned nuclear- power facilities, and it has become a critical global issue to secure technology for reducing and recycling this waste. Concrete waste (CW) is estimated to comprise 60–80% of the total waste, and concrete-waste powder (CWP) includes enough inorganic substances used as effective materials for waste treatment. Accordingly, it can be used to produce recycled cement (RC). This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a solidification agent manufactured using recycled cement (SRC) for the safe packing of radioactive wastes, such as coarse aggregates of CW, waste soil, and metal wastes originating from decommissioned nuclear facilities. The experimental results indicated that the most relevant incineration temperature of CWP for RC was 700 °C. The optimum water-to-binder ratio was determined to be 0.4, and the most relevant substitution ratio of ground granulated blast furnace slag for CWP was determined to be 15%. In addition, calcium silicate hydrate is the most effective hydration product for improving the compressive strength of SRC. The maximum packing capacities of the SRC for coarse aggregates, waste soil, and metal waste, which were simulated as radioactive wastes, were determined to be 30, 5, and 7 wt%, respectively. The results of leaching tests using SRC containing radioactive wastes contaminated with Co, Cs, and Sr indicated that their leachability indices met the acceptance level for disposal. Consequently, the RC composed of CWP can be used as a solidifying agent to safely dispose of radioactive wastes, such as coarse aggregates, waste soil, and metal waste.

9

Osmanlioglu, Ahmet Erdal. "Utilization of coal fly ash in solidification of liquid radioactive waste from research reactor." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 32, no. 5 (March 17, 2014): 366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x14523664.

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In this study, the potential utilization of fly ash was investigated as an additive in solidification process of radioactive waste sludge from research reactor. Coal formations include various percentages of natural radioactive elements; therefore, coal fly ash includes various levels of radioactivity. For this reason, fly ashes have to be evaluated for potential environmental implications in case of further usage in any construction material. But for use in solidification of radioactive sludge, the radiological effects of fly ash are in the range of radioactive waste management limits. The results show that fly ash has a strong fixing capacity for radioactive isotopes. Specimens with addition of 5–15% fly ash to concrete was observed to be sufficient to achieve the target compressive strength of 20 MPa required for near-surface disposal. An optimum mixture comprising 15% fly ash, 35% cement, and 50% radioactive waste sludge could provide the solidification required for long-term storage and disposal. The codisposal of radioactive fly ash with radioactive sludge by solidification decreases the usage of cement in solidification process. By this method, radioactive fly ash can become a valuable additive instead of industrial waste. This study supports the utilization of fly ash in industry and the solidification of radioactive waste in the nuclear industry.

10

Polek, Daria. "Solidification of hazardous waste as a part of the raw material recovery process." E3S Web of Conferences 18 (2017): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20171801026.

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Paper presents the process capabilities for solidification hazardous waste. In the first part of the article the authors present general technologies and methods in a comparative model. The following section describes the results of market research for the most advanced and innovative solidification technologies. Comparative analysis of the material has shown and described the three most promising, leading-edge technologies of waste solidification avalible on the Polish market.

11

Sombret, C. G., and A. F. Jouan. "Solidification of High-Level Radioactive Waste." Key Engineering Materials 56-57 (January 1991): 527–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.56-57.527.

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12

Razzell, W. E. "Chemical Fixation, Solidification of Hazardous Waste." Waste Management & Research 8, no. 1 (January 1990): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x9000800117.

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13

Hench, Larry L. "International Collaboration in Nuclear Waste Solidification." Nuclear Technology 73, no. 2 (May 1986): 188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nt86-a33783.

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14

Sobolev, I. A., A. S. Barinov, and M. I. Ozhovan. "Field trials on waste solidification products." Soviet Atomic Energy 69, no. 5 (November 1990): 950–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02045018.

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15

RAZZELL, W. "Chemical fixation, solidification of hazardous waste." Waste Management & Research 8, no. 2 (April 1990): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0734-242x(90)90030-q.

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16

Huang, Wen Zhang, and Ning Lu. "Study on Procedure Toxicity and Harmless Disposal of Manganese Mine Tailing Slag." Advanced Materials Research 414 (December 2011): 312–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.414.312.

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Manganese mine slag was the salvage in the course of manganese producing. Many matters shall be extracted by rain eluviation and then turn into the water and soil to pollute environment. The water content and extraction procedure toxicity of the manganese waste residue were studied. Combining solidification additive was used to process the manganese waste residue for the harmless disposal. The results showed that the contents of Manganese、Zinc、Chromium and Cadmium in the manganese waste slag exceeded the maximum of the Chinese Identification standard for hazardous wastes. The extraction procedure toxicity was effectively decreased by the harmless disposal when the proportion of cement and manganese in the whole mine slag was 60%, and the content of heavy metals in the leaching solution were under the standard. Hence, the method of cement solidification could control the pollution to the environment effectively.

17

Qiu, Keyi, Guodong Zeng, Benan Shu, and Dongmei Luo. "Study on the Performance and Solidification Mechanism of Multi-Source Solid-Waste-Based Soft Soil Solidification Materials." Materials 16, no. 13 (June 21, 2023): 4517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16134517.

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In this paper, ground granulated blast furnace slag, steel slag, red mud, waste ceramic powder, and desulfurization gypsum were used as raw materials to develop a kind of multi-source solid-waste-based soft soil solidification material. Three ratios and the strength activity index were used to determine the fractions of different solid wastes. The mineralogical and microstructural characterization was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis–differential scanning calorimetry (TG&DSC) tests. The results showed that the unconfined compressive strength of the three types of soft soil increases with an increase in the content of the solidifying agent. The failure strain of the stabilized soil decreases from 1.0–1.3% to 0.75–1.0%, and the failure mode gradually changes from plastic failure to brittle failure. The optimum content of the solidifying agent was determined to be 17% (the lime saturation factor (KH), silica modulus (SM), and alumina modulus (IM) of the solidifying agent were set to 0.68, 1.74, and 1.70, respectively), and the unconfined compressive strength (28 d) of the solidified soil (sandy soil, silty clay, and organic clay) was 3.16 MPa, 2.05 MPa, 1.04 MPa, respectively. Both measurements can satisfy the technical requirements for a cement–soil mixing pile, suggesting the possibility of using various types of solid waste as a substitute for cement.

18

Millot, N., N. Dalga, and N. Foussard. "Two Options for Treatment of Acidic Organic Industrial Wastes." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0002.

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The treatment of acidic, organic, industrial wastes poses many problems. These wastes are characterized by a high organic concentration and pH values approaching zero. The classic treatment processes (incineration, physicochemical treatment, solidification) are plagued by problems with corrosion, by-products formation and ultimate disposal. This paper proposes two new processes for treating these wastes. The first technique is a pressurized oxidation process at high temperature. Results show total organic carbon (TOC) removal above 96%. The second proposed technique is an improved solidification which incorporates an adsorbent into the solid to immobilize the organic content. A very thick sludge (solids about 60%) is obtained which dries very quickly. Tests on the solids indicate that any leachate formed will be much lower in strength than leachate from the classic solidification process. Landfill disposal of the solidified waste is possible under proper conditions.

19

Dohnalkova, Bozena, Rostislav Drochytka, Jakub Hodul, and Tomáš Ťažký. "The Examination of Waste Industry Sludge Solidification/Stabilization Possibility." Advanced Materials Research 1100 (April 2015): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1100.211.

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The objective of this paper is to examine the solidification possibilities of selected waste in form of industrial waste sludge, within the paper solidification formulas are designed which are subsequently laboratory tested by compressive strength tests after 28 and 60 days, leachability tests and other tests considering environmental impacts – ecotoxicological tests.

20

Shon, Jong-Sik, Hyun-Kyu Lee, Tack-Jin Kim, Jong-Won Choi, Woo-Yeol Yoon, and Sang-Bok Ahn. "Evaluation of Utility of the Cement Solidification Process of Waste Ion Exchange Resin." Toxics 10, no. 3 (March 2, 2022): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10030120.

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The present study aimed to evaluate the utility of the cement solidification process for stably disposing of waste ion exchange resin generated during the treatment of radioactive wastewater. The cement solidification process using the in-drum mixing system was selected to be used for the solidification process of waste ion exchange resins. The disposal safety of waste forms was evaluated according to the waste acceptance criteria (WAC) applicable to domestic waste disposal sites, and the tests were conducted for six test items provided in the WAC. A total of 15 representative samples were collected from the waste-form drums produced using the optimum operating conditions, and their structural stability for disposal considerations was evaluated. In addition, the leaching index of the samples was 11.05, 10.12, 8.39 for Co, Sr, and Cs, respectively, and it was found to exceed 6, the leaching index standard of WAC. The results confirmed that cement waste forms including waste ion exchange resins produced through this process were considered to be conforming to the requirements for disposal safety.

21

Benlamoudi, Ali, Aeslina Abdul Kadir, Mihail Aurel Titu, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, and Andrei Victor Sandu. "Treatment of Lead Contaminated Soil using Solidification/Stabilization Method Incorporated with Sugarcane Bagasse." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 8 (September 15, 2017): 1908–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.8.5789.

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In recent years, tremendous researches have been carried out for solid waste treatment using the solidification/stabilization (S/S) method incorporated with agricultural wastes after the incineration process. These researches, although they showed efficient results, but they may be expensive due to the incineration procedure cost. In the current research, the treatment of lead (Pb) contaminated soil was studied by the incorporation of sugarcane bagasse in its fibrous state into the S/S method. Chemical properties of the materials used were determined by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) test. Some mechanical tests like density, water absorption and compressive strength were conducted in order to meet the regulatory limits for disposing the treated waste. Some leaching tests were also conducted, to measure the leachability of lead (Pb) from the matrices. Solidification/stabilization was found as an effective method that was able to reduce more than 99% of leachability of Pb from polluted soil. Moreover, this method can incorporate until 10% of sugarcane bagasse into the matrices. Although incorporation of sugarcane bagasse up to 10% decreases the strength of the samples and increase the leachability of Pb, but they still fit to the standard. Incorporation of sugarcane bagasse waste in its fibrous state into the solidification/stabilization method may provide an alternative low cost treatment method for Pb polluted soils and may eliminate huge amounts of this waste from the environment.

22

Pinto, Carolina A., John J. Sansalone, Jo Dweck, Frank K. Cartledge, Francisco Rolando Valenzuela-Díaz, and Pedro M. Büchler. "Hazardous Wastes Disposal: Stabilization/Solidification of Tannery Residue in the Presence of Chromium." Materials Science Forum 498-499 (November 2005): 697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.498-499.697.

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Disposal or reuse of hazardous waste is a major consideration in chemical manufacturing and processing. Waste residuals from the tannery industry can contain high levels of chromium. Considered as a hazardous waste by the Brazilian environmental laws, the chromium-containing waste requires treatment before final disposal. This paper proposes a solution for the disposal of tannery wastes, which are rich in chromium by solidification in a Portland cement matrix using combinations of sodium bentonite and organoclay admixtures. This research is part of a series of experimental studies where Brazilian sodium bentonite, and organoclay materials are used to adsorb both inorganic and organic chromium. The solidified matrix is formed by Type II Portland cement, in which the hydration process stabilizes the tannery waste. Wyoming sodium bentonite and a commercial organoclay are analyzed and compared with the Brazilian clays. X-ray Diffraction is used to characterize the samples and leaching tests are performed to analyze the chromium concentration in the extract solution. In terms of leachate tests, the stabilization by solidification with cement is a process that can be used in the treatment of tannery waste.

23

Li, Jun Feng, and Jian Long Wang. "Solidification of 30% TBP-OK Waste by Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 2782–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.2782.

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Liquid organic radioactive waste is one kind of wastes from the use of radioisotopes in research centres, medical and industrial applications and also in nuclear power plants. Effective management of these liquid organic wastes is necessary in order to ensure their safe handling, processing, storage and disposal. Cementation for Tri-N-Butyl Phosphate/Odorless Kerosene (TBP/OK) solvents was studied. Emulsifiers were selected and compared. Calcium sulfoaluminate cement (SAC) was used in TBP/OK solidification. A prescription containing 20% (v/v) TBP/OK was obtained. And the compressive stretch is above 10MPa. The leach rates of Sr2+, Cs+, Co2+ were studied. Monolithic solids were formed.

24

Solbrig, Charles W., and Kenneth J. Bateman. "Modeling Solidification-Induced Stress in Ceramic Waste Forms Containing Nuclear Wastes." Nuclear Technology 172, no. 2 (November 2010): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nt10-a10904.

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25

Vacenovska, Bozena, and Rostislav Drochytka. "The Use of Cementation Process for Waste Industrial Sludge Solidification." Advanced Materials Research 897 (February 2014): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.897.252.

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The aim of this research realized within the scope of this paper was to select the most proper representative from the chosen number of waste industrial sludge for solidification technology with use of cementation process. This chosen representative of waste industrial sludge will be further subjected to the detailed laboratory testing of its solidification possibilities in the term of its future use in building industry.

26

Widiyati, Cahya, and Herry Poernomo. "STABILIZATION OF DRY SLUDGE OF LIQUID WASTE OF LEATHER TREATMENT BY USING FLY ASH." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 5, no. 1 (June 14, 2010): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21836.

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The experiment of solidification of dry sludge of liquid waste of leather treatment are containing chrome (Cr) by using fly ash has been done. The experiment objective are immobilize Cr in the solid waste by using pozzoland cement was made of fly ash in order to stable in the repository. The experiment were carried out by solidification of solid waste are containing total chrome of 1480.5 mg/kg sum of 2 - 10 weight % of (water + pozzoland cement) by using pozzoland cement was made from the mixture of fly ash and calcite were burned at 1000 oC temperature for 2 hours. The characterization of the solid composite of stabilization result consist of the compressive strength test and the leaching test by American Nuclear Society (ANS-16.1) method. The experiment result were shown that pozzoland cement can binding solid waste sum of 10 weight % of (water + pozzoland cement) became the composite of waste concrete with the compressive strength of 577 ton/m2 and the chrome leaching test for 14 days of 0.059 mg/l. The composite of waste concrete according to Bapedal rule for solidification of toxic waste with minimum compressive strength of 10 ton/m2 and maximum leached chrome of 5 mg/L. Keywords: stabilization, solid waste, leather treatment, fly ash.

27

Velumani, P. "Potential Utilization of Industry Waste Through Solidification." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 48, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.100.

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In this study, Textile industry and Paper industry sludge were collected, studied, analyzed, proportioned and optimized for the production of construction materials like fly ash bricks, paver blocks, concrete blocks etc. Studies were done as per the recommendations of BIS standards. The study shows feasible waste utilization by replacing cement with two industrial sludges (textile and hypo sludge) up to 30% in different building materials like bricks, hollow concrete blocks, paver blocks and other concrete works.

28

Yanikomer, Neslihan, Sinan Asal, Sevilay Haciyakupoglu, and Sema Akyil Erenturk. "New Solidification Materials in Nuclear Waste Management." International Journal of Engineering Technologies, IJET 2, no. 2 (June 25, 2016): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.19072/ijet.54627.

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29

Abrosimova, G. V., A. V. Nikitin, A. B. Sazonov, and E. P. Magomedbekov. "SOLIDIFICATION OF TRITIUM-CONTAINING PUMP OIL WASTE." Problems of Atomic Science and Technology, Ser. Thermonuclear Fusion 36, no. 3 (2013): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21517/0202-3822-2013-36-3-86-95.

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30

Wang, Li, and Tongxiang Liang. "Ceramics for high level radioactive waste solidification." Journal of Advanced Ceramics 1, no. 3 (September 2012): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40145-012-0019-8.

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31

Jones, LarryW. "Interference mechanisms in waste stabilization/solidification processes." Journal of Hazardous Materials 24, no. 1 (December 1990): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(90)80005-o.

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32

Žlebek, Tomáš, Jakub Hodul, Lenka Mészárosová, Veronika Matušková, and Rostislav Drochytka. "Solidification Methods of Stabilizing Dangerous Wastes Used as Fillers for Secondary Protection of Building Structures." Key Engineering Materials 868 (October 2020): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.868.135.

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The paper describes one of the first parts of design of secondary protection using dangerous wastes, building structures (concrete or steel) – preparation of filler component. Dangerous wastes present an important ecological problem connected with their storage and disposal. Their stabilization and solidification (S/S) creates solid mass, which can be further used as a secondary raw material. This solidified mass can be used for example as a filler component for polymer-based surface protection materials. Newly developed material is supposed to be applied as secondary protection of building constructions. The aim of the research is maximal possible use of dangerous waste while preserving utility characteristics of new material. The paper describes various ways of stabilization and solidification (S/S) of dangerous wastes.

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Wen, Ming Fen, Bo Yu, Min Luo, and Jing Chen. "Cooperation Solidification of Cesium and Strontium." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.58.

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The presence of long-lived radionuclides is a challenge to the management of high level liquid waste (HLLW). Separation of minor acitinides and long-lived fission products from the HLLW by partitioning process has the potential of significantly decreasing the costs of the immobilization and disposal of the radioactive waste by minimizing waste volumes. Several solvent extraction processes have been developed and demonstrated at the Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology (INET) for the separation of transuranic elements, 90Sr and 137Cs. In this work, using modified zeolite molecular sieve as a sorbent carrier, four kinds of solidification were prepared by soakage- absorption- calcination methods. It was found that the sample (HZCS-75) calcinated at 750°C was formed pollucite, a zeolite mineral, which will provide an option to immobilize the radioactive cesium and strontium.

34

Fu, Jun, Yonggui Chen, Jianghong He, Han Zhou, and Wenlian Liu. "Optimization of solidification/stabilization materials based on solid waste geopolymer." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1335, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1335/1/012040.

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Abstract With the development of mining economy and human society, heavy metal pollution incidents have gradually increased while a large amount of mine solid waste has been produced.Red mud (RM) and blast furnace slag (BFS) are common solid wastes in mines with excellent heavy metal adsorption properties. Optimization of geopolymer solidification/stabilization(S/S) materials based on these waste materials is a good way to reduce solid waste and cure heavy metal contaminated soil, and has outstanding environmental protection significance.In this study, RM and BFS were used as geopolymer raw materials, and sodium hydroxide was used as alkali activator to prepare lead nitrate contaminated soil with Pb content of 0.5%. Laboratory tests were conducted to explore the effects of alkali-solid ratio, BFS content on the mechanical strength, toxic leaching characteristics and pH of geopolymer S/S lead contaminated soil. The optimal ratio of geopolymer is obtained. The results show that the S/S soil cured with RM and BFS geopolymer has good mechanical properties and heavy metal adsorption properties, and it has certain scientific research value and utilization prospect for the remediation of Pb contaminated soil.

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Hodul, Jakub, Božena Dohnálková, and Rostislav Drochytka. "Solidification of Hazardous Waste with the Aim of Material Utilization of Solidification Products." Procedia Engineering 108 (2015): 639–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.06.193.

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36

Dohnalkova, Bozena. "The Research of the Waste Sludge with the Content of Hazardous Substances Solidification Using Cement Matrix." Materials Science Forum 865 (August 2016): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.865.244.

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This paper deals with the solidification/stabilization of selected type of hazardous waste with use of cementation. Different solidification formulas for this chosen waste were proposed with use of two types of cements and classic and fluid fly ashes. Then according to these formulas testing specimens were produced and after maturing process were subjected to laboratory tests - compressive strength after 28 and 60 days maturing testing and leachability testing. This paper presents results of this laboratory tests.

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Jeon, Ji-Hun, Jong-Hwan Lee, Woo-Chun Lee, Sang-Woo Lee, and Soon-Oh Kim. "Evaluation of the Solidification of Radioactive Wastes Using Blast Furnace Slag as a Solidifying Agent." Materials 16, no. 19 (September 28, 2023): 6462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16196462.

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The decommissioning process of nuclear power facilities renders hundreds of thousands of tons of various types of waste. Of these different waste types, the amount of concrete waste (CW) varies greatly depending on the type of facility, operating history, and regulation standards. From the previous decommissioning projects, CW was estimated to comprise 60–80 wt.% of the total weight of radioactive wastes. This represents a significant technical challenge to any decommissioning project. Furthermore, the disposal costs for the generated concrete wastes are a substantial part of the total budget for any decommissioning project. Thus, the development of technologies effective for the reduction and recycling of CW has become an urgent agenda globally. Blast furnace slag (BFS) is an industrial byproduct containing a sufficient amount (higher than 30%) of CaO and it can be used as a substitute for ordinary Portland cement (OPC). However, there have been few studies on the application of BFS for the treatment of radioactive waste from decommissioning processes. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the solidification agent using ground granulated BFS (SABFS) to pack radioactive wastes, such as the coarse aggregates of CW (CACW), waste soil (WS), and metal waste (MW). The analytical results indicated that the CaO content of the ground granulated BFS was 36.8% and it was confirmed that calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) could be activated as the precursor of the hydration reactions. In addition, the optimum water-to-binder ratio was determined to be 0.25 and Ca(OH)2 and CaSO4 were found to be the most effective alkaline and sulfate activators for improving the compressive strength of the SABFS. The maximum packing capacities of the SABFS were determined to be 9 and 13 wt.% for WC and WM, respectively, when the content of CW was fixed at 50 wt.%. The results of the leaching tests using SABFS containing radioactive wastes contaminated with Co, Cs, and Sr indicated that their leachability indices met the acceptance level for disposal. Consequently, the SABFS can be used as a solidifying agent for the safe disposal of radioactive waste.

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Rakhimova, Nailia. "Recent Advances in Alternative Cementitious Materials for Nuclear Waste Immobilization: A Review." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010689.

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Since the emergence of the problem of nuclear waste conditioning, cementation has become an important and developing part of the waste management system, owing to its simplicity and versatility. The continued development of the cementation technique is driven by the improvement and expansion of cementitious materials that are suitable and efficient for nuclear waste solidification. Advances in cement theory and technology have significantly impacted improvements in nuclear waste cementation technology, the quality of fresh and hardened waste forms, waste loading rates, and the reliability and sustainability of the nuclear industry. Modern mineral matrices for nuclear waste immobilization are a broad class of materials with diverse chemical–mineralogical compositions, high encapsulation capacities, and technological and engineering performance. These matrices include not only traditional Portland cement, but also non-Portland clinker inorganic binders. This review focuses on recent trends and achievements in the development of calcium aluminate, calcium sulfoaluminate, phosphate, magnesium silicate, and alkali-activated cements as cementitious matrices for nuclear waste stabilization/solidification.

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Filibeli, Ayse, Nurdan Buyukkamaci, and Hakan Senol. "Solidification of tannery wastes." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 29, no. 4 (June 2000): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-3449(00)00050-1.

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40

Hodul, Jakub, Lenka Mészárosová, Tomáš Žlebek, Rostislav Drochytka, and Zdeněk Dufek. "Impact of Aggressive Media on the Properties of Polymeric Coatings with Solidification Products as Fillers." Coatings 9, no. 12 (November 26, 2019): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9120793.

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Dealing with waste materials, particularly hazardous waste, is a serious problem. Disposal areas keep growing, and the costs incurred are high. Disposing of such waste reduces negative environmental impacts and offers considerable financial savings. This paper focuses on the possibilities of incorporating pollutants found in hazardous wastes as fillers in coatings based on polymers (epoxide and polyurethane). These coatings are intended mainly for concrete and metal bases and offer secondary protection against adverse weather conditions. Important physical and mechanical properties of the newly developed materials were determined; they include surface hardness, impact resistance, tensile properties, and chemical resistance. These properties were also compared to those of the reference filler. At the same time, the influence of aggressive media on the properties of these materials was observed, in particular on flexural characteristics. The microstructures of the developed coatings were tested using a high-resolution optical microscope, before and after exposure to the chemicals. The positive effect of using progressive fillers, such as solidified hazardous waste (a solidification product (SF)), was witnessed by their constructive contribution to the materials’ physical and mechanical properties. The use of solidification products is unambiguously advantageous from technical, ecological, and economical stand points (utilization of hazardous waste as a progressive filler instead of landfilling, improvement of tensile properties, reduction in the price of coating system, and incorporation of the pollutants into the polymer matrix).

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Hattori, Kazuhiko, M. Oida, N. Isu, S. Okuda, N. Saito, and Masayuki Nogami. "Mitigating Urban Heat Islands by Solidification Technology at Low Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 11-12 (February 2006): 425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.11-12.425.

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Recently, the increase in production, consumption causes the shortage of the natural resources and the increase in waste disposal. In order to build up a sustainable society, the input and the output of the natural system should be reduced by the recirculation of materials and energy. We have tried to develop high performance building materials by solidification technology at low temperature. The starting materials were the inorganic wastes or soil. These solidified inorganic waste and solidifying soil have good mechanical strength for paving tile. Solidifying soil called as Tataki works has good performance of mitigating urban heat islands. Numerical simulation method based on heat transfer model was studied to estimate performance of mitigating urban heat islands of solidifying soil. Numerical model was calculated by the surface temperature changes in the outside with air temperature changes. Simulation result was compared with experimental measurement.

42

Munjar, Vania. "Stabilization and Solidification: A solution to the excessive pollution released by The INEOS Neville Plant." Spectrum of Emerging Sciences 2, no. 1 (April 22, 2022): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55878/ses2022-2-1-4.

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The INEOS Neville Plant is located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and is known for manufacturing olefins and polypropylene. Since it is a manufacturing plant producing many kinds of wastes including chemical spills and toxic waste. The amount of pollutants released into the nearby Ohio river is harmful to the aquatic environment. Incorrect disposal of toxic waste is one of the most significant causes of the numerous types of pollutants resulting from this plant. Correct disposal of toxic waste includes dumping all this waste into a landfill which protects groundwater and surface water. Such disposal is recommended by the EPA and based on the prediction the SWSS could be a viable solution. Solidification and Stabilization refer to a method of cleanup that slows the release of chemicals from waste in this case which may include ammonia and sulfur dioxide and nitrogen. Based on all these factors, our prediction is that this manufacturing issue of environmental pollution will not come to a fix, even with the wastewater treatment plant nearby.

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Eskander, S. B., S. M. Abd El-Aziz, H. El-Sayaad, and H. M. Saleh. "Cementation of Bioproducts Generated from Biodegradation of Radioactive Cellulosic-Based Waste Simulates by Mushroom." ISRN Chemical Engineering 2012 (November 29, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/329676.

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The current work was devoted to study the solidification of bioproducts originated from the bioremediation of mixture of solid cellulose-based radioactive waste simulates using a mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius), in Portland cement. The obtained solidified waste form was subjected to mechanical integrity qualification after curing periods of 28 and 90 days. Chemical performance of the cement-waste form was also evaluated in different leachant media during 540 days. The results obtained gave useful information about the mechanical, physical, and chemical performances of the final cement-waste form incorporated the radioactive bioproducts. Moreover, it indicated that cement can provide a highly durable form that ensures a long-term stability of the solidified waste material and can act as a first barrier against the release of radiocontaminants from radioactive wastes to the surrounding environment.

44

Dohnalkova, Bozena. "Possibilities of Sludge from Physico-Chemical Treatment and Recovery Solidification with the Use of Sorbents and Cement." Materials Science Forum 865 (August 2016): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.865.234.

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The aim of this paper is to examine the possibilities of solidification of sludge from physico-chemical treatment and recovery with the use of commercial sorbents and cement. For proposal of solidification formulas cement, fly ash and two commercial available types of sorbents on different bases were selected. These formulas were then subjected to laboratory testing with the aim to find the most suitable composition for this type of waste sludge solidification. The paper describes achieved results.

45

Vondruska, Milan, Vratislav Bednarik, Jiri Samsonek, and Joseph Houser. "Stabilization/Solidification of Salt from a Waste Incinerator." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 50, no. 3 (March 2000): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2000.10464026.

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46

ZuMünster, Ludbert Graf. "Hazardous waste solidification as a multiple barrier concept." Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 20-21, no. 1 (April 1989): 411–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772248909357405.

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47

Koo, Dae-Seo, Hyun-Hee Sung, Seung-Soo Kim, Gye-Nam Kim, and Jong-Won Choi. "Characteristics of Cement Solidification of Metal Hydroxide Waste." Nuclear Engineering and Technology 49, no. 1 (February 2017): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2016.08.010.

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48

Malviya, Rachana, and Rubina Chaudhary. "Factors affecting hazardous waste solidification/stabilization: A review." Journal of Hazardous Materials 137, no. 1 (September 2006): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.01.065.

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49

KIKUCHI, Makoto, Kooichi CHINO, Takashi NISHI, Hiroyuki TSUCHIYA, Naokazu SUMITANI, and Osamu AMANO. "Radioactive Waste Treatment Using Cement-Glass Solidification Technique." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 29, no. 10 (October 1992): 1026–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18811248.1992.9731628.

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50

Fuhrmann, M., D. Melamed, P. D. Kalb, J. W. Adams, and L. W. Milian. "Sulfur Polymer Solidification/Stabilization of elemental mercury waste." Waste Management 22, no. 3 (June 2002): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0956-053x(01)00057-5.

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