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Статті в журналах з теми "Waste paper Recycling Economic aspects Australia"
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Ozola, Zanda U., Rudite Vesere, Silvija N. Kalnins, and Dagnija Blumberga. "Paper Waste Recycling. Circular Economy Aspects." Environmental and Climate Technologies 23, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 260–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2019-0094.
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Abstract Paper waste is a raw material for a lot of products with different added value. The engineering, economic and environmental aspects of paper waste recycling are analysed for production of composite material, cellulose nanofibers and nanocrystals, bricks with paper components, porous carbon, film of biopolymer, enzymatic sugar and bioenergy: bioethanol, hydrogen and biofuel. Through multicriteria analysis, it was possible to determine the most feasible paper waste recycling product in case of four product groups: egg packaging boxes, cardboard, reused paper, cellulose nanomaterials (nanofibers and nanocrystals). The production of cellulose nanofibres and cellulose nanocrystals has an advantage over egg packaging and cardboard production as well as reusable paper.
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Mladenović, Milica, Mica Petković, and Irina Cenić. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS AND LEGAL REGULATIONS OF RECYCLING IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA." KNOWLEDGE - International Journal 54, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij5403397m.
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The topic of waste management and recycling is becoming very important both in our country andthroughout the world. The goal is to emphasize the importance of the environment, its protection and thepreservation of the world around us. Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction. It promotesenvironmental sustainability by removing input raw materials and redirecting waste production into the economicsystem. The question of environmental protection is a question of the future. It is not possible to protect theenvironment if we do not prevent the accumulation of various wastes, the sanctioning of which is constantlypostponed. Urbanization and globalization bring increasing needs of each individual for packaged goods, whichleads to a huge increase in packaging worldwide. The development of industry leads to increased industrial waste.The only way to control waste is recycling treatment. By recycling, in addition to the reduction of waste disposed ofin landfills, we enable re-production, i.e. the use of waste for the re-production of a product. The recycling processhas a huge ecological and economic importance in the system of a country. For a recycling program to work, a large,stable supply of recyclable materials is essential. High-quality recycling can support economic growth bymaximizing the value of waste materials. Three legal options have been used to create such stockpiles: compulsorycollection of recycling, a law on depositing containers and a ban on waste. Compulsory collection laws set recyclingtargets for cities, so a percentage of the material must be diverted from the city's waste stream by a target date. Thecity is responsible for working towards this goal. Recyclable quality not only supports high-quality recycling but canalso bring significant environmental benefits by reducing, reusing and keeping products out of landfills. Anytreatment that is planned to be used in the recycling process must be justified by legal regulations. The keyinstitutional responsibility in the field of waste management lies with the Ministry of Environmental Protection ofthe Republic of Serbia, which, in accordance with the Law on Ministries, performs state administration tasks relatedto: waste management, including hazardous waste, except for radioactive waste; approval of cross-border transportof waste, as well as other tasks specified by law. The paper presents the principle of municipal waste management inthe Republic of Serbia. By reviewing data from abroad, the goals that the Republic of Serbia strives to achieve inthis matter are analyzed, as well as the legal frameworks that regulate the achievement of those goals. The analysisincludes the recycling process itself, its flows, as well as waste management treatments. Concrete ecological andeconomic aspects of recycling that affect life and work in the Republic of Serbia are presented.
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Stallkamp, Christoph, Justus Steins, Manuel Ruck, Rebekka Volk, and Frank Schultmann. "Designing a Recycling Network for the Circular Economy of Plastics with Different Multi-Criteria Optimization Approaches." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (September 1, 2022): 10913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710913.
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A growing plastic production increases the pressure on waste management systems, which have to cope with greater volumes of plastic waste. Increased plastics recycling can reduce environmental impacts by lowering the need for primary plastics production and thus fossil resources demand. Current research is mainly focused on identifying environmentally friendly recycling technologies for different waste streams. However, recycling capacities must also be expanded to handle the waste generated. Therefore, this paper develops multiple exemplary multi-criteria optimization models to design an optimal recycling network. The models are deployed in a case study for plastic packaging waste in Europe for an advanced mechanical recycling process. We compare the different multi-criteria optimization approaches, how they balance environmental and economic aspects differently, and how this affects the recycling network design. Finally, we compare the optimization approaches and find goal programming the most promising approach for recycling network design that ensures a balance between economic and environmental objectives.
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Li, Jie, and Ming Qin Guo. "The Technical and Economic Analysis about Recycled Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 1614–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.1614.
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Concrete is one of the most widely used engineering building material. Using waste concrete to produce recycled aggregate applying in concrete has been highly valued in developed countries, and has achieved significant economic and environmental benefits. China's current large-scale urban construction and road network renovation throughout the country generated a lot of waste concrete, but the technology about the recycled concrete is not widely used. In this paper, from the use of recycled concrete technology, production costs and environmental benefits and other aspects of social, evaluated the recycling using of waste concrete.
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Mihajlović, Ivan. "Burden of industrial waste and potential for recycling: technological, economic and environmental aspects." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 11, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/picbe-2017-0006.
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Abstract Many benefits resulting from the development of the heavy industry are, unfortunately, accompanied by many issues resulting from the process of generating the industrial waste. This manuscript is presenting the environmental consequences, resulting from long period of time of heavy industry production and exploring the possibilities to recycle some of the industrial waste generated during the period of more than one century of ore excavation and copper extraction in the region of Eastern Serbia, in the vicinity of city of Bor. First part of the manuscript is presenting the scope of environmental issues, resulting from the heavy industry in this region and the amounts and the structure of the industrial waste, generated in this area, as well as the influence of generated waste to the environment of the region. Second part of the manuscript is dealing with the potential to recycle and reuse some of this waste, analyzing technological, economic and environmental aspects at the same time. In the final segment of the paper, some practical examples will be addressed based on the research work conducted at both experimental and industrial level. Results presented in the manuscript are mostly collected during long term research of the project team from Technical faculty in Bor, University of Belgrade, in the field of environmental management. This way, this manuscript is based on review of the research papers authored or co-authored by the author of this work, dealing with water, soil and air pollution, published in leading international journals. Also, the manuscript is presenting the literature review of other international issues dealing with the environmental management issues in the vicinity of large industrial complexes. Parts of the research results, presented in this manuscript are financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological development of Republic of Serbia, under the project TR34023.
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Kubatko, Oleksandr V., Oleksandra V. Kubatko, Tetyana I. Sachnenko, and Odevole O. Oluwaseun. "Organization of Business Activities Taking into Account Environmental and Economic Aspects." Mechanism of an Economic Regulation 2021, no. 2 (2021): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mer.2021.92.08.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the most urgent environmental problems today is the pollution of the environment by emissions of harmful substances and industrial waste. The negative impact on the environment and people is becoming more widespread, and its disposal methods inhibit the development of the economic system. In a market economy, entrepreneurs are not interested in increasing environmental costs, which naturally lead to higher production costs and reduce profits. The impact on the environment is becoming more widespread every year and has led to an ecological crisis in some parts of the world. Waste recycling has been constantly discussed since a person “produces” more than 250 kg of household waste per year. At the enterprise, these figures reach 10 000 kg. In recent years, Ukraine has imported about 30-50 thousand tons of PET granulate, which is gradually accumulating in landfills in the form of packaging, bottles, films. Such hazardous pollutants affect the environment through soil and water. In contrast, Ukraine does not yet have successful experience in waste management. In our opinion, such behavior is the ignorance of the population about waste disposal and replacement of a particular product with a more environmentally friendly one. The functioning of enterprises and farms does not always have the equipment to dispose of waste, and there is no room for the disposal of unnecessary products and raw materials. However, the problem of lack of innovative equipment arises due to a lack of adequate funding. Therefore, the lack of possibilities for a comprehensive solution to the situation creates a barrier, which does not allow to take proper measures to eliminate and reduce the amount of garbage. Despite many regulations and legal frameworks for regulating waste management, there is no cost-effective policy, and there is no regional waste management program and plan for their proper disposal. It can be concluded that the recycling and disposal of waste will reduce the need for waste incineration, create conditions for improving the economic component of the region and the country as a whole with an account of environmental quality standards. The paper pays attention to the essence of waste disposal; identified ways to recycle garbage.
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VINOGRADOVA, Elena Valeryevna, Maria Mikhailovna MUKHLYNINA, Dmitry Nikolaevich MUKHLYNIN, Natalia Vladimirovna SOLOVYEVA, and Olga Yevgenievna LEBEDEVA. "Economic and Legal Aspects of Environmental Safety." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 9, no. 1 (June 23, 2018): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v9.1(25).18.
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The paper is devoted to the economic and legal aspects of environmental safety in modern conditions. It is proved that there are the necessary initial data and rationalizing materials for the introduction in accordance with the established procedure of the normative indicators of the lower threshold of environmental safety. It has been established that in the economically developed countries considerable experience in recycling household waste has been accumulated. It is determined that there are all grounds to assert that, at the present level of development of science and technology, it is technologically possible to ensure environmental safety through the rational use of natural resources, the introduction of wasteless complexes, resource and energy-saving facilities. Practice has shown that in the legislation of the Russian Federation the issues of rational use of natural resources are poorly reflected. These issues were studied in detail in the governmental plans, which in the previous period had the status of laws.
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Werner, Denis, Urs Alexander Peuker, and Thomas Mütze. "Recycling Chain for Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries." Metals 10, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10030316.
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The recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIB) is becoming increasingly important with regard to environmental, economic, geostrategic, and health aspects due to the increasing amount of LIB produced, introduced into the market, and being spent in the following years. The recycling itself becomes a challenge to face on one hand the special aspects of LIB-technology and on the other hand to reply to the idea of circular economy. In this paper, we analyze the different recycling concepts for spent LIBs and categorize them according to state-of-the-art schemes of waste treatment technology. Therefore, we structure the different processes into process stages and unit processes. Several recycling technologies are treating spent lithium-ion batteries worldwide focusing on one or several process stages or unit processes.
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Xue, Renzheng, Fengbin Zhang, and Feng Tian. "A System Dynamics Model to Evaluate Effects of Retailer-Led Recycling Based on Dual Chains Competition: A Case of e-Waste in China." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (September 23, 2018): 3391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103391.
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China, as the largest electronic waste producer in the world, is facing a critical challenge to manage its negative impacts on the environment. Hence, e-waste management is crucial for sustainable Chinese economic development. In this paper, a system dynamics model is adopted to identify the effects of retailer-led recycling based on closed-loop dual chains competition. The influence of contracts made by manufacturers on different retail modes is also discussed. From the aspects of total revenue (TR), market share (MS) and market competitiveness (MC), this paper analyzes the impact of e-waste recycling coefficient (ERC) on supply chain and analyzes the equilibrium solution of total supply chain return. The research results show that the contract incentive mechanism can improve the retailer’s recycling enthusiasm, and the effect on the retail mode of executive shop is more obvious. When the ERC is adjusted to 44.3%, the TR of supply chain is optimal, and the MS and MC occupy an obvious advantage.
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Liu, Hengyu, Hongyu Li, Hongyi Liang, Dairong Luo, and Tianxing Ma. "Recycling of solid waste resources helps rural revitalization: taking Huayuan County as an example." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 25 (December 13, 2022): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v25i.3487.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Huayuan County is the first initiative of "targeted poverty alleviation", the county has vigorously developed the mining economy in the past to grow, but the ecological environment has also been seriously damaged, solid waste urgently needs to be treated. To this end, this paper proposes a treatment scheme for goaf, tailings pond and waste rock dump. It also provides guiding suggestions for waste-free mining in the future, effectively reducing the damage to the local environment, reducing the cost of solid waste treatment, and improving the economic benefits of the mine. Finally, the risks that the program may encounter are analyzed from the technical and policy aspects.
Дисертації з теми "Waste paper Recycling Economic aspects Australia"
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Voigt, Paul George. "Bioethanol production from waste paper through fungal biotechnology." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013447.
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Bioethanol is likely to be a large contributor to the fuel sector of industry in the near future. Current research trends are geared towards utilizing food crops as substrate for bioethanol fermentation; however, this is the source of much controversy. Utilizing food crops for fuel purposes is anticipated to cause massive food shortages worldwide. Cellulose is the most abundant renewable resource on earth and is subject to a wide array of scientific study in order to utilize the glucose contained within it. Waste paper has a high degree of cellulose associated with it, which makes it an ideal target for cellulose biotechnology with the ultimate end goal of bioethanol production. This study focussed on producing the necessary enzymes to hydrolyse the cellulose found in waste paper and using the sugars produced to produce ethanol. The effects of various printing inks had on the production of sugars and the total envirorunental impact of the effluents produced during the production line were also examined. It was found that the fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum DSM 769 grown in Mandel's medium with waste newspaper as the sole carbon source at 28 °C for 6 days produced extracellular cellulase enzymes with an activity of 0.203 ± 0.009 FPU.ml⁻¹, significantly higher activity as compared to other paper sources. This extracellular cellulase was used to hydrolyse waste newspaper and office paper, with office paper yielding the highest degree of sugar production with an end concentration of 5.80 ± 0.19 g/1 at 40 °C. Analysis by HPLC showed that although glucose was the major product at 4.35 ± 0.12 g/1, cellobiose was also produced in appreciable amounts (1.97 ± 0.71 g/1). The sugar solution was used as a substrate for Saccharomyces cerevisiae DSM 1333 and ethanol was produced at a level of 1.79 ± 0.26 g/1, the presence of which was confirmed by a 600 MHz NMR spectrum. It was found that cellobiose was not fermented by this strain of S. cerevisiae. Certain components of inks (the PAHs phenanthrene and naphthalene) were found to have a slight inhibitory effect (approximately 15% decrease) on the cellulase enzymes at very high concentrations (approximately 600 μg/1 in aqueous medium), while anthracene had no effect. Whole newsprint ink was shown not to sorb glucose. The environmental analysis of the effluents produced showed that in order for the effluents to be discharged into an aqueous ecosystem they would have to be diluted up to 200 times. They were also shown to have the potential to cause severe machinery damage if reused without proper treatment.
Книги з теми "Waste paper Recycling Economic aspects Australia"
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Navin, Brian. Waste paper--world trade and investment in a growth industry: Development and forecasts to 1992. London: Economist Intelligence Unit, 1989.
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Skogsindustrierna, ed. Paper recycling -how far can we go? Stockholm: Skogsindustrierna, Swedish Forest Industries Association, 1995.
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Recycling technologies and market opportunities: Proceedings of a conference held at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Upton, NY: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Department of Applied Science, 1993.
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Partnership, Sturgeon Falls Limited, and Ontario. Ministry of Environment and Energy. Program Development Branch., eds. The Construction and operation of a mill to recycle old corrugated cardboard. [Toronto, Ont.]: Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy, 1995.
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Partnership, Sturgeon Falls Limited, and Ontario. Ministry of Environment and Energy. Program Development Branch., eds. The construction and operation of a mill to recycle old corrugated cardboard. [Toronto]: Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy, 1995.
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Schwarz, Stephen C., and Leah K. Richter. "Brightstar Solid Waste and Energy Recycling Facility: An Innovative Waste to Energy Technology." In 10th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec10-1012.
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The Brightstar Environmental Solid Waste and Energy Recycling Facility (SWERF) is a municipal solid waste (MSW) to energy facility utilizing a gasification (pyrolysis) process. At this time, the only operational SWERF is in New South Wales, Australia. While pyrolysis of MSW is not in itself new, the Brightstar technology is believed to have reached a sufficient level of development, and to incorporate sufficient new features, to qualify as new and cutting edge. This paper presents findings from a trip to Australia to inspect the facility, as well as the results of a Request for Proposals process for a municipal client in Florida. Analysis includes process, environmental, and economic factors.
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Yilan, Gulsah, Arif Ozcan, and Tanju Caglar. "Sustainable cardboard label production." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p14.
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Recently, all industrial sectors have shown significantly increasing attention in reaching the sustainability goals regarding economic, environmental, social, and also technological aspects not only at the regional level but also nationwide and even global scale. Aside from being an economically popular concept, sustainability is strictly related to effective resource use and efficient waste disposal. Thus, it functions as a complementary issue to be considered in various production activities. The sustainable production approach includes reducing or (if possible) eliminating the negative impacts on the human health and environment, reducing the waste generated, increasing the recycling rate, and developing energy and material saving processes. The printing industry is one of the most important industries in reaching sustainable production goals. The need for the printed products, which is the focus of this study, is increasing in parallel with the changing consumer expectations and technological developments. However, from the point of the printing industry view, a solid sustainability consensus is not settled among the practitioners, yet. This study aims to evaluate the sustainability of the cardboard label production considering several combinations of raw materials such as paper, ink, and surface coating additives via appropriate Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methods. The most frequently used paper and ink types are considered with three alternatives for each. To indicate the sustainability scores economic, environmental, and social evaluation criteria are selected. By applying the Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT), the sustainability score of each label is calculated to determine the optimum alternative in terms of the production process and also the material used. This evaluation provides detailed information to the producer and also to the consumer about the alternative production routes to use less energy and raw material, and also to decrease the environmental impacts while sustaining the economic feasibility. Besides, alternative solutions are offered to reach sustainability goals by considering the economic and environmental life cycle impacts of these materials. Hence, an increase in awareness about the printing industry and service channels is expected. Moreover, this study is also important in presenting the applicability of sustainability assessments in the printing industry.
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Favi, Claudio, Michele Germani, Marco Mandolini, and Marco Marconi. "Promoting and Managing End-of-Life Closed-Loop Scenarios of Products Using a Design for Disassembly Evaluation Tool." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70997.
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In recent years, environmentally conscious design has become a fundamental approach for industries which have to consider the variable environment during the design process. Waste management is one of the most important aspects to be handled, to reduce the disposal in landfills and to encourage the sustainable 3R approach: Reuse, Recycling and Remanufacturing. Product disassembly is an essential phase of the product lifecycle, necessary to evaluate the End-of-Life (EoL) strategies and to reduce environmental impact. In order to minimize the impact on production and costs it is very important to consider EoL scenarios during the embodiment design phase, when designer’s decisions influence product structure. Design for Disassembly (DFD) is a powerful method to reduce disassembly time and costs. However, there are no useful tools which provide guidelines to improve the product disassemblability or promote specific EoL scenarios. For these reasons this paper describes an innovative Design for Disassembly approach and related tool to support designers in product disassemblability evaluation. The tool has the scope to manage EoL scenarios for industrial waste in the early design phases and to share metadata with the traditional design tools. Disassembly costs is one of the most important parameters during the evaluation of EoL scenarios. Six indices are presented to evaluate the economic and environmental feasibility of the EoL strategies. The calculation of the six indices permits alternative EoL scenarios to be compared and encourage the recyclability, reusability or re-manufacturability of a product. These evaluations can be used to foster a particular EoL scenario, as early on as in the design process. The preliminary analysis on mechatronic products underline the utility of the software tool and indices. Product re-design, realized using this approach, shows a relevant decrease in environmental impacts and disassembly costs. As a consequence, the new product has a relevant percentage of components with a closed-loop lifecycle.