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1
Strong, J. "Differences in carcass grading schemes used in the USA, Japan and Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 7 (2004): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02172.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Over the past 30 years there has been increasing pressure for the establishment of a beef, quality grading system in Australia. During this time, many and varied options have been proposed and comparisons have often been made with the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Japanese Meat Grading Association (JMGA) systems. Australia has now developed a grading system that is driven by the consumer — Meat Standards Australia (MSA). Although some years (70+) behind the USDA, the Australian model has been scientifically proven to identify product that can achieve a guaranteed level of satisfaction to the consumer. While this paper evaluates the 3 systems and their specific operations, both the USDA and JMGA systems are compared with the potential performance of the MSA system applied on a cut by grade by cooking method basis.
2
Edwards, Ferne, and Dave Mercer. "Food Waste in Australia: The Freegan Response." Sociological Review 60, no. 2_suppl (December 2012): 174–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-954x.12044.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A common problem in all affluent societies, particularly in the retail sector, is the burgeoning issue of food waste. In this, Australia is no exception. However, to a large extent, the main focus of research in Australia to date has been on food waste at the household level. This paper focuses on the previous stage in the food life-cycle and examines the freegan practice of collecting and redistributing food discarded as ‘worthless’ by supermarket chains, in particular. For freegans, this is an act of choice, not need, to protest against issues of overconsumption and waste. The practice of freeganism has had multiple manifestations throughout history. It represents an alternative ethics of consumption and has multiple forms, embracing such issues as pesticide contamination, excessive labour exploitation, packaging and more. This paper reports on ongoing ethnographic research into two freegan subcultures in Australia: dumpster-divers and participation in the activities associated with ‘Food Not Bombs’. It complements freegan research conducted across the world while its analysis, applying theories of alternative food networks, food justice, diverse economies and concepts of autonomy, provides insights into contemporary forms of activism and social change around issues of food waste in Australia.
3
Saimanova, Olga, Svetlana Teplykh, and Vadim Alpatov. "Methods of organizing work on construction and demolition waste recycling." BIO Web of Conferences 43 (2022): 03018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224303018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The research is aimed at finding new ways that contribute to environmental improvement. It is evident that there is a great need at the moment to find optimal methods of construction and demolition waste recycling while renovating urban areas. The researchers examine the recycling method which is characterized as one of the most effective ways to solve the problem of construction waste disposal. In this paper the authors resort to the method of comparison as well as to graphical, tabular, and abstract-logical methods. They analyze two main methods used to carry out recycling operations: the first method involves recycling waste at the site of construction using mobile crushing plants and the second involves recycling at stationary crushing and grading complexes. Then the authors point out advantages and disadvantages of these methods and examine the efficiency of a stationary complex. The researchers also calculate the prime cost of construction waste processing at a stationary crushing and grading complex and its payback period. It is concluded that the use of a stationary complex for construction and demolition waste recycling is technically and economically feasible.
4
Pickin, J. G., S. T. S. Yuen, and H. Hennings. "Waste management options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from paper in Australia." Atmospheric Environment 36, no. 4 (February 2002): 741–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(01)00532-5.
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Borazjani, Sara, David Kulikowski, Khalid Amrouch, and Pavel Bedrikovetsky. "Composition Changes of Hydrocarbons during Secondary Petroleum Migration (Case Study in Cooper Basin, Australia)." Geosciences 9, no. 2 (February 3, 2019): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9020078.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The reliable mathematical modelling of secondary petroleum migration that incorporates structural geology and mature source rocks in the basin model, allows for prediction of the reservoir location, yielding the significant enhancement of the probability of exploration success. We investigate secondary petroleum migration with a significant composition difference between the source and oil pools. In our case study, the secondary migration period is significantly shorter than the time of the hydrocarbon pulse generation. Therefore, neither adsorption nor dispersion of components can explain the concentration difference between the source rock and the reservoir. For the first time, the present paper proposes deep bed filtration of hydrocarbons with component kinetics retention by the rock as a physics mechanism explaining compositional grading. Introduction of the component capture rate into mass balance transport equation facilitates matching the concentration difference for heavy hydrocarbons, and the tuned filtration coefficients vary in their common range. The obtained values of filtration coefficients monotonically increase with molecular weight and consequently affects the size of the oleic component, as predicted by the analytical model of deep bed filtration. The modelling shows a negligible effect of component dispersion on the compositional grading.
6
Mao, Peng Jun, Lu Liu, Jun Wang, and Chun Yan Hu. "A Study on Gray Relational Analysis of Many Factor Weights in Tobacco Leaves Classification." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1728–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1728.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For the nine characteristic factors of tobacco leaf grading standards have different degree of influence on final grading results and lack of objective evaluation method, in this paper, we applied the gray relational analysis method to determine the weight of tobacco leaf factors in every grade, which calculate the gray relational analysis of nine characteristic factors: such as hue, lightness value, chroma, length, leaf structure, waste, oil, maturity and body. The gray relation was normalized to get the weight of the nine factors in tobacco leaf classification. By contrasted with the subjective evaluation of five experts in tobacco field, the calculation results are basically consistent with the experts’ recommendation. It illustrates that the application of Grey relational method to calculate influence ability of flue-cured tobacco grading factors is feasible. This method eliminates the subjectivity of the weight of each factor and can make the results more realistic.
7
Earnshaw, C., and A. Grigg. "Cooperative facilitation and implementation of major trade-waste agreements." Water Supply 3, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2003): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0133.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper provides a review of the trade waste agreement facilitation consultancy that Wagga Wagga City Council, Australia, has provided to major trade-waste sources since March 2000. The paper provides an insight into the role of a third-party facilitator in the establishment implementation, and conversion of an interim trade-waste agreement into a sustainable, term-based trade-waste agreement.
8
Martin, Linley, and Marian Mahat. "The Assessment of Learning Outcomes in Australia." AERA Open 3, no. 1 (January 2017): 233285841668890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332858416688904.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since 2009 there has been increased interest in Australian universities’ ability to demonstrate that their students have acquired knowledge and skills as specified by them in the form of graduate attributes or institutional learning outcomes. This paper describes research undertaken in Australia to identify a comprehensive set of generalized learning outcomes for undergraduate study and a set of criterion-based standards to assist in grading of achievement of those outcomes. It was discovered that although Australian universities document institutional- and course-based learning outcomes for their programs, they generally do not assess students at this level. Instead, the majority of assessment of learning outcomes is at the subject level, and frequently these outcomes do not align well with the course- or institutional-based outcomes that have also been specified. In spite of this, it appears possible to identify generalized assessment tasks for subjects and use constructive alignment between subjects, course curriculum, and chosen course-based learning outcomes, which could be used to reliably measure course outcomes and compare results between universities. These developments are framed in terms of the assessment transparency framework, which provides insight into the current “as-is” situation as well as an indication of what is needed to move learning outcomes assessment toward a fully implemented “ideal” across the higher education sector.
9
Mohd Pauzi, Nurul Noraziemah, Maslina Jamil, Roszilah Hamid, and Muhammad Fauzi Mohd Zain. "Influence of Morphology of Cathode-Ray Tube Glass as Coarse Aggregates on Compressive Strength and Water Absorption of Concrete." Solid State Phenomena 280 (August 2018): 399–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.280.399.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study on the substitution for natural coarse aggregates using waste CRT funnel glass in spherically shapes is still limited. In this paper, the waste CRT glass has been processed to form a spherical CRT glass (GS) and crushed CRT glass (GC), which were used as a coarse aggregate in concrete production. Results indicated that the inclusion of GS and GC has lower the compressive strength and decreased the rate of capillary water absorption of concrete. It was demonstrated that the morphology properties of GS and GC (shape, surface texture, size, grading) is significantly affected the concrete properties.
10
Korwa, Johni R. V. "The Resistance Movement of Aboriginal People To Fight Against The Plans For A Nuclear Waste Dump In South Australia." Papua Law Journal 1, no. 2 (October 25, 2018): 271–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/plj.v1i2.592.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aborigine is the indigenous people of Australia who have attempted to oppose the proposal for South Australia to host an international nuclear dump. Even though the rights of indigenous people have been recognized by the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the treatment they receive are not in accordance with the standard of living. The object of this this paper is to examine the struggle of Aboriginal Australia as indigenous people who seek to ensure their basic rights to clean environment from nuclear waste by using normative juridical method. The results of the paper show that Aboriginal people have commenced their struggle by the formation of global movement in the form of local campaign (Kupa Piti Kungka Juta), Australian Nuclear Free Alliance (ANFA), in collaboration with Amnesty International and the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN). All efforts are made to pressure the Australian government not to consider South Australia as a nuclear waste disposal site. This is because nuclear waste can have an impact on public health and environmental damage, trigger nuclear war, and become a threat to the land of Aboriginal people.
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Brown, Belinda, Ian Hollins, Joe Pickin, and Sally Donovan. "Asbestos Stocks and Flows Legacy in Australia." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 26, 2023): 2282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032282.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Information about asbestos stocks and flows is paramount for effective legacy management, both for understanding potential asbestos exposure risks from the different product types remaining in the built environment and proactive resource planning for their safe decommissioning, removal and disposal. This paper provides an overview of the Australian Stocks and Flows Model for Asbestos, a national model that provides best estimates to examine asbestos legacy stocks remaining in the built environment and flows to waste, now and into the future in Australia. The model was updated in 2021 to reflect new information from literature and input from industry experts and includes a Monte Carlo analysis to better reflect the range in the value estimates, as well as allowing for input of data from asbestos removal programs. Australia’s total asbestos stocks peaked at approximately 11 million tonnes in the 1980s. Over 95% of stocks comprise asbestos cement products, such as wall sheeting and water pipes. Australia’s current remaining asbestos stocks in the built environment are estimated at 6.2 million tonnes, with just under half of total consumption estimated to have gone to landfill as waste. The model can continue to be used with updated information to help track how much of Australia’s hazardous asbestos legacy is remaining and by how much it is reducing. The model can also be used to test scenarios and implications for predicted development trends and waste infrastructure needs. It is a valuable resource to assist with sustainable planning across a range of government departments that are responsible for managing asbestos waste in Australia.
12
Ximenes, Fabiano A., Annette L. Cowie, and Morton A. Barlaz. "The decay of engineered wood products and paper excavated from landfills in Australia." Waste Management 74 (April 2018): 312–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.11.035.
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13
Herron, Murray, David S. Jones, Phillip B. Roös, and Zaheer Allam. "Creating Revenue Out Of Green Waste: New Perspectives For Municipal Organic Waste Harvesting In Geelong, Australia." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 14, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2020-182.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The diversion and recovery of organic waste are one of the most significant opportunities and challenges for reducing the environmental impacts of waste disposal internationally, as recognised by the United Nations’ SDG 12 that seeks to “ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns”. This issue is particularly pertinent to developed countries, like Australia, who have a high propensity for waste removal arising from their industrial and domestic use of products, materials and organic consumables. Through the use of GIS technology, using modelling software developed by the Global Methane Initiative, a series of simulations were undertaken to determine the viability of an anaerobic digester for the City of Greater Geelong (COGG), located in the State of Victoria (Australia), where organic materials constitute over 25% of all waste land-filled. Using only municipal organic waste, the modelling concluded that the COGG would generate between AU$6M-AU$11M/annum from the sale of biogas/methane. In addition to this revenue stream, COGG would have an Annual Projected Net Emissions Reductions of 3797 Mt. This paper further considers the development of a geospatial database to identify and locate concentrated organic waste resources in COGG, the design and development of a software tool to help quantify the production of food waste, and the development of an economic model to value the organic waste stream of COGG arising from the implementation of this proposal.
14
Sohkhlet, Daniella, and Shekhar Nagargoje. "Municipal Solid Waste Management: A comparative study between Sydney (Australia) and Pune (India)." E3S Web of Conferences 170 (2020): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017004001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As rapid urbanization continues to take place, with a projected 68% of the world’s population expected to live in cities by 2050 according to the UN, waste management in proximity to human settlements poses problematic. Although waste generation and failure of its management is seen as a huge problem in developing cities, wealthier cities generate more waste than less affluent cities, and thus waste management is a crucial issue in developed as well as developing cities for obvious ecological reasons and for sustainability. However, while collection of waste by high GDP cities is more frequent than collection in low GDP cities, it does not imply that the issue of waste management has been resolved. A significant portion of the world still dumps its waste in landfills. Furthermore, it is projected that by 2025, lower middle-income groups will produce the most amounts of waste, while high-income groups are expected to generate the second largest amount of waste. Accordingly, it is important to understand methods of collection and disposal of solid waste carried out by cites varying in GDP and HDI to combat the issue of waste management through landfills for the purpose of creating a sustainable future. This paper is a study of existing waste management methods implemented by the governing bodies of selected cities and progress towards future policies that these governing bodies have laid out. Comparisons of existing problems faced by each city, collection methods and coverage, recycle coverage and rates, unique waste management approaches, and plans to tackle waste are carried out. The analysis can thus serve as a reference for emerging cities lacking resources that can adapt strategies described, as well as for established cities that can easily adopt certain measures to safeguard their respective ecologies and take steps towards sustainability.
15
Watson, R., R. Polkinghorne, and J. M. Thompson. "Development of the Meat Standards Australia (MSA) prediction model for beef palatability." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 11 (2008): 1368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07184.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, the statistical aspects of the methodology that led to the Meat Standards Australia (MSA) prediction model for beef palatability are explained and described. The model proposed here is descriptive: its intention is to describe the large amounts of data collected by MSA. The model is constrained to accord with accepted meat science principles. The combined dataset used in development of the prediction model reported is around 32 000 rows × 140 columns. Each row represents a sample tasted by 10 consumers; each column specifies a variable relating to the sample tested. The developed model represents the interface between experimental data, scientific evaluation and commercial application. The model is used commercially to predict consumer satisfaction, in the form of a score out of 100, which in turn determines a grade outcome. An important improvement of the MSA model relative to other beef grading systems is that it assigns an individual consumer-based grade result to specific muscle portions cooked by designated methods; it does not assign a single grade to a carcass.
16
Ray, Arpan, Radhikesh Prasad Nanda, and Pronab Roy. "Rutting Performance of Road Using Construction and Demolition Waste Materials." Key Engineering Materials 882 (April 2021): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.882.221.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Wastes arising from construction and demolition (C & D) constitute one of the major streams in many countries. In this paper experimental investigation was carried to see the feasibility of C& D waste as road aggregates. From the grading analysis it was observed that using C& D wastes, strength criteria is being satisfied and meet the specifications of MORTH which is then subjected to aggregate impact value (AIV) testing, CBR testing etc. The CBR value of C&D waste was found to be 43.46 which were well above the permissible value. A proposed three-layer system using soil layer, C & D waste layer and asphalt concrete layer is chosen to estimate rut depth using existing analytical model. From the analytical model rut depth is predicted to be 14.77 mm which is less then maximum allowable limits. Hence C& D waste materials can be used as alternate materials in road construction with economy and sustainability.
17
Doran, Evan, and Jane Robertson. "Australia's pharmaceutical cost sharing policy: reducing waste or affordability?" Australian Health Review 33, no. 2 (2009): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah090231.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper we argue that Australia?s pharmaceutical cost sharing policy has been applied as if cost sharing is unproblematic for medicine affordability and good health outcomes. Australian and international experience with pharmaceutical cost sharing strongly suggests a negative impact on affordability and quality use of medicines, disproportionately affecting low income patients. We argue that Australia?s use of cost sharing reflects the currency of a cognitively powerful and morally charged idea ? moral hazard. Moral hazard refers to the change in behaviour induced by insurance coverage. Applied to pharmaceuticals, this means that low out-of-pocket cost will lead to waste. Moral hazard mixes the explanatory power of price with the intuitively cogent notion that if people do not experience consequences they will behave irresponsibly. Cost sharing policy has gone unscrutinised and uncontested not because cost sharing is unproblematic, but because in the light of the idea of moral hazard it has all the question-deadening weight of common sense.
18
Ghafoor, Soheila, Salman Shooshtarian, Tayyab Maqsood, and Peter SP Wong. "Assessment of Public Opposition to Construction and Demolition Waste Facilities: A Case Study in Australia." Recycling 7, no. 5 (August 26, 2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling7050062.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the nature of public opposition (PO) to the siting of construction and demolition (C&D) waste management facilities in Australia. A qualitative case study of PO to the development proposal for the Gunnedah waste facility, in the state of New South Wales (NSW), was conducted. The waste facility is promised to process up to 250 kilotons of waste materials, much of which is C&D waste intended for use in road constructions after processing. Using a content analysis approach, the study analysed 86 public submissions that were lodged within the allocated development application exhibition period to systematically analyse the arguments used by the submitters about the establishment of the facility. The case study revealed five broad perceived risk classes to the siting of the Gunnedah waste facility, namely location, environmental, human health, financial and process risks. It was also shown that while not-in-my-back-yard (NIMBY) attitudes may have played a part in the PO to the sitting at the facility, the PO was heavily affected by the poor public participation process. The study outlines key strategies for an effective public participation process that may assist with the management of PO to the siting of C&D waste management facilities in Australia. The study contributes to the theory and practice of effective C&D waste management, enhancing the social acceptance of such facilities toward a more circular economy in the built environment.
19
Christ, Alexander, Xiaolin Wang, Klaus Regenauer-Lieb, and Hui Tong Chua. "Low-grade waste heat driven desalination technology." International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization 5 (2014): A02. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/smdo/2013007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Low-grade heat driven multi-effect distillation (MED) desalination is a very promising environmentally friendly, low emission technology. Many countries, such as Australia, are water short and conventional desalination technology is energy intensive. If a primary fossil fuel source is used, then desalination will significantly contribute to carbon dioxide emission. Low-grade waste heat from process plants and power plants generate minimal additional carbon dioxide. This source of energy is typically abundant at a temperature around 65–90 °C, which dovetails with MED technology. In this paper, we report on a new MED technology that couples perfectly with low grade waste heat to give at least a 25% freshwater yield improvement compared with conventional MED design. Typical applications and their expected improvement will also be reported.
20
Nguyen, Ngoc, Barbara Ozarska, Mac Fergusson, and Peter Vinden. "Investigation into the optimal dyeing method for Bluegum (Eucalyptus globulus) veneer." BioResources 13, no. 3 (July 11, 2018): 6444–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.13.3.6444-6464.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigated the dyeing methods (soaking and vacuum-pressure), types of dye (direct dye and reactive dye), and dyeing parameters (dye concentration, dyeing time, and temperature) in the veneer dyeing process for Eucalyptus globulus grown on plantations in Australia. The dyed veneers were assessed in two ways: dye penetration, which was determined using ImageJ software, and visual veneer grading for identifying any damage (curves or cracks). Veneers with different moisture content (MC) levels were used and were called green veneer (80% ± 5% MC) and dried veneer (12% MC). The study showed that the reactive dye Procion Brown P2RN at a concentration of 2% resulted in a significantly higher dye penetration than the other dyes. Soaking was not recommended as the dyeing method for this species because the dyed samples were severely damaged by the pre-treatments and high temperatures. A dye penetration of 100% was achieved when using the vacuum-pressure method with a dyeing time of 120 min, a pressure of 1000 kPa, and the addition of 20 g/L of sodium chloride. The results of this study can be applied in further research on the veneer dyeing process for this species.
21
Strydom, P. E., and K. Rosenvold. "Muscle metabolism in sheep and cattle in relation to high rigor temperature – overview and perspective." Animal Production Science 54, no. 4 (2014): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13437.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An increasing number of Australian slaughter plants were found not to meet the Meat Standards Australia (MSA) pH–temperature window, due to high rigor temperatures, particularly at plants where grain-fed animals were slaughtered. Hence, the red meat processing industry in Australia supported a research program focused on resolving this issue, as carcasses that do not meet the MSA pH–temperature window are excluded from MSA grading. This special issue of Animal Production Science describes the outcomes of a major program identifying ante- and post-mortem factors related to heat-induced toughening in both beef and sheep meat through literature reviews and targeted research to find interventions to prevent the impact of high rigor temperature on meat quality, particularly tenderness. This paper provides an overview of the outcomes of the research program, some of which require further research before implementation. It is suggested that an entire supply-chain approach be applied to establish the most efficient and cost-effective way of reducing the incidence of high rigor temperature.
22
Gunasekara, Chamila, Charitha Seneviratne, David W. Law, and Sujeeva Setunge. "Feasibility of Developing Sustainable Concrete Using Environmentally Friendly Coarse Aggregate." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (July 28, 2020): 5207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155207.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Quarry aggregate reserves are depleting rapidly within Australia and the rest of the world due to an increasing demand for aggregates driven by expansion in construction. The annual production of premix concrete in Australia is approximately 30 million cubic meters, while 3–5% of concrete delivered to site remains unused and is disposed of in landfill or crushing plants. The production of coarse aggregates using this waste concrete is potentially a sustainable approach to reduce environmental and economic impact. A testing program has been conducted to investigate mechanical performance and permeation characteristics of concrete produced using a novel manufactured coarse aggregate recycled directly from fresh premix concrete. The recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) concrete satisfied the specified 28-day design strength of 25 MPa and 40 MPa at 28 days and a mean compressive strength of 60 MPa at 90 days. Aggregate grading was observed to determine strength development, while low water absorption, low drying shrinkage, and higher packing density indicate that the RCA concrete is a high-quality material with a dense pore structure. The rough fracture surface of the aggregate increased the bond between C-S-H gel matrix and RCA at the interfacial transition zone. Furthermore, a good correlation was observed between compressive strength and all other mechanical properties displayed by the quarried aggregate concrete. The application of design equations as stated in Australian standards were observed to provide a conservative design for RCA concrete structures based on the mechanical properties.
23
Bolzonella, D., P. Pavan, P. Battistoni, and F. Cecchi. "Anaerobic co-digestion of sludge with other organic wastes and phosphorus reclamation in wastewater treatment plants for biological nutrients removal." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 12 (June 1, 2006): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.420.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper deals with the performances obtained in full scale anaerobic digesters co-digesting waste activated sludge from biological nutrients removal wastewater treatment plants, together with different types of organic wastes (solid and liquid). Results showed that the biogas production can be increased from 4,000 to some 18,000 m3 per month when treating some 3–5 tons per day of organic municipal solid waste together with waste activated sludge. On the other hand, the specific biogas production was improved, passing from 0.3 to 0.5 m3 per kgVS fed the reactor, when treating liquid effluents from cheese factories. The addition of the co-substrates gave minimal increases in the organic loading rate while the hydraulic retention time remained constant. Further, the potentiality of the struvite crystallisation process for treating anaerobic supernatant rich in nitrogen and phosphorus was studied: 80% removal of phosphorus was observed in all the tested conditions. In conclusion, a possible layout is proposed for designing or up-grading wastewater treatment plants for biological nutrients removal process.
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Tobin, Steven, and Atiq Zaman. "Regional Cooperation in Waste Management: Examining Australia’s Experience with Inter-municipal Cooperative Partnerships." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 29, 2022): 1578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031578.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Effective governance and inter-organisational cooperation is key to progressing Australia’s journey toward the circular economy. At the local governance level, inter-municipal cooperative partnerships in waste management (‘IMC-WM’ partnerships) are a widespread phenomenon throughout Australia, and the world. This paper aims to analyse waste management in Australia through a governance perspective and inaugurate the scholarship on understanding the complex interactions between actors and institutions designed for regional cooperation. To this end, we explore the partnerships’ institutional characteristics, joint activity outputs and the internal relations observed between participants. Data were collected through a nationwide census survey of Australia’s IMC–WM partnerships and a short online questionnaire to the municipal policy actors (councillors, executives and council officers) who participate in them. The investigation observes that a diversity of innovative institutional responses has emerged in Australia. However, within these partnerships, a culture of competitiveness antithetical to sustainability is also detected. Despite competitive behaviours, the partnerships perform very well in cultivating goodwill, trust, reciprocity and other social capital values among their participants—as well as a strong appreciation of the complexity of municipal solid waste (MSW) policy and the virtues of regional cooperation. This dissonance in attitudes and engagement dynamics, it is suggested, can be explained by considering the cultural-cognitive influence of broader neoliberalist paradigms. As the first scholarly investigation into Australia’s experience with regional cooperation in waste management, this research reveals the macro-level structures and ascendent micro-institutional dynamics shaping the phenomenon.
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Landells, Esther, Anjum Naweed, David H. Pearson, Gamithri G. Karunasena, and Samuel Oakden. "Out of Sight, Out of Mind: Using Post-Kerbside Organics Treatment Systems to Engage Australian Communities with Pro-Environmental Household Food Waste Behaviours." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 15, 2022): 8699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148699.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dealing with the wicked problem of global food waste and loss is a complex and challenging area. In Australia, increased political will has landed the diversion of domestic food waste from landfill squarely at the feet of local government (councils), often requiring significant change to kerbside collections systems. This paper discusses how post-kerbside household food waste treatment systems can encourage pro-environmental behaviours. To achieve this, current food waste literature is examined against kerbside domestic waste collection measurable outcomes (diversion rates, system uptake and contamination rates). The hypothesis is that specific interventions can establish, or rebuild, community trust, responsibility and pro-environmental behaviours around food waste avoidance and diversion. Two post-kerbside systems—commercial composting and anaerobic digestion—provided the framework. Two themes emerged from the study: (1) the benefits of connecting the community with the interactions of household food waste inputs with post-treatment outputs (compost, soil conditioners, digestates and biogases); and (2) providing engaged communities with pathways for sustainable, pro-environmental actions whilst normalizing correct kerbside food waste recycling for the less engaged (habitual behaviours, knowledge and cooperation). The paper contributes to understanding how councils can connect their communities with the issues of household food waste.
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Wang, Yong Yi, and Lin Li. "Environment Pollution and Control Strategy for Exploitation of Asbestos Mine." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 1845–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.1845.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To control environment pollution by exploitation of asbestos mine and forming of tailing pond effectively and provide decision-making basis to competent authorities, the paper analyzed the causes for asbestos powder pollution in course of exploitation of asbestos mine and tailing pond of asbestos through field investigation and research. Slow exploitation and grading process of asbestos mine and shortage of management were the root causes for environment pollution by asbestos, and the tailing pond of asbestos resulted in resources waste and pollution of the atmosphere, water and land. The government should regulate in terms policy, industrial planning etc. offer economic support, change the backward exploitation process, perform comprehensive resources utilization and utilize asbestos properly.
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King, Karen, and Rachel Burgess. "Linking leucaena to carbon abatement opportunities in Australia." Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 7, no. 4 (September 3, 2019): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17138/tgft(7)273-279.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Keynote paper presented at the International Leucaena Conference, 1‒3 November 2018, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.The Australian Government has committed to reducing its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 26‒28% below 2005 levels by 2030. The Emissions Reduction Fund (ERF), a center-piece of Australia’s climate change policies, provides incentives to reduce GHG emissions through economy-wide eligible activities, such as energy efficiency, waste management, revegetation, livestock management and savanna fire management. Emissions Reduction Fund methods define eligible activities, how to quantify abatement resulting from the activity and the required compliance measures.The requirements for developing ERF methods that quantify GHG abatement estimates resulting from eligible activities are described. Leucaena planting is used as an example. For an ERF method to be made and maintained, the activity must meet all the legislative requirements. This includes meeting the offsets integrity standards and having regard to any adverse environmental, economic and social impacts.
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Allman-Farinelli, Margaret, Annette Byron, Clare Collins, Janelle Gifford, and Peter Williams. "Challenges and lessons from systematic literature reviews for the Australian dietary guidelines." Australian Journal of Primary Health 20, no. 3 (2014): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py13016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 2009–10 the Dietitians Association of Australia conducted a series of systematic reviews for the National Health and Medical Research Council to generate evidence statements to inform the revision of the Dietary Guidelines for Australians. In total 202 body of evidence statements were constructed and assigned a grading detailing the certainty with which each could be used to inform policy. This paper describes some of the challenges and insights gained from the process, specifically related to: study type, study quality assessment, the lack of quantified data, diet exposure, definition of a healthy population, generalisability and applicability, and resource allocation. It is clear that there is still a need for further refinement of the methods for evaluating evidence for nutrition policy, but the current dietary guidelines are now much more robustly evidence informed than ever before.
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Shooshtarian, Salman, Tayyab Maqsood, Malik Khalfan, Rebecca J. Yang, and Peter Wong. "Landfill Levy Imposition on Construction and Demolition Waste: Australian Stakeholders’ Perceptions." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 2, 2020): 4496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114496.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With increased construction activities in capital cities of Australia, the sustainable management of construction and demolition (C&D) has become an important item in the federal and state government agendas. According to the universally accepted concept of waste hierarchy waste disposal is the worst preferred waste management option due to environmental issues. Currently, in most Australian jurisdictions, a landfill levy is applied to discourage waste disposal and to further encourage waste recovery. However, there is an ongoing debate as to whether the levy regime could achieve the desired outcome. Therefore, this study, funded by the Australian Sustainable Built Environment National Research Centre, explored the effectiveness of the current landfill levy across Australian jurisdictions. The paper presents the findings of this study that were obtained from a questionnaire survey aiming to capture the main C&D waste management stakeholders on landfill taxing imposition in Australia. The study collected 132 responses from professionals in the construction industry and other industries dealing with C&D waste management and resource recovery. The results demonstrated that those who believed in market incentive approaches outweigh people that were in favour of pecuniary impost approach. Among those who favoured pecuniary imposts, almost 90% of participants agreed with the effectiveness of landfill levies in any waste management system. Other results provided a useful insight into the actual implications of the current levy scheme. It is expected that the findings in this study contribute to developing sound policies that provide a level field for all key stakeholders and to ensure that resource recovery is further encouraged.
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Zhou, Wenfei, Huiling Du, Le Kang, Xian Du, Yupu Shi, Xiaojing Qiang, Haodong Li, and Jing Zhao. "Microstructure Evolution and Improved Permeability of Ceramic Waste-Based Bricks." Materials 15, no. 3 (January 31, 2022): 1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15031130.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The resource and large-scale utilization of waste ceramic materials, magnesium slag, and coal gangue are one of the important ways for the sustainable development in metallurgy, coal, and other related enterprises. In this paper, waste ceramic materials were used as aggregates; coal gangue and magnesium slag were used as mixed binder; and the all solid-waste-based permeable bricks with excellent performance were prepared by forming pressure at 5 MPa. The mechanical properties and water permeability of the all-solid-waste-based permeable bricks were evaluated. The results proved that the porous channel of permeable brick is mainly composed of waste ceramic materials with a particle size of 2–3 mm. Pore structures below 200 μm were mainly composed of fine aggregate and mixed binder. Using 60% coarse aggregate, 20% fine aggregate, 10% coal gangue, and 10% magnesium slag as raw materials, the all-solid-waste-based permeable bricks were obtained by pressing at 6 MPa and sintering at 1200 °C, which exhibited the best performance, and its water permeability, compressive strength, and apparent porosity were 1.56 × 10−2 cm/s, 35.45 MPa, and 13.15%, respectively. Excellent water permeability, compressive strength, and apparent porosity of the all solid-waste-based permeable bricks were ascribed to the high content of connecting open pores, and closely adhesive force were ascribed to the porous microstructure constructed by the grading of waste ceramic materials and the tight conjoined points of the liquid phases in coal gangue and magnesium slag at a high sintering temperature.
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Cha, Jihye, Jin-Yong Lee, and Rogers Wainkwa Chia. "Comment on the paper “Microplastic contamination of an unconfined groundwater aquifer in Victoria, Australia”." Science of The Total Environment 820 (May 2022): 153121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153121.
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Ye, Gang. "Method of Mix Design for Hot Recycled Asphalt Mixtures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 1062–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.1062.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hot recycled asphalt mixtures are used more widely in road construction and reconstruction at present. The recycle of asphalts can reuse the waste asphalts and bring economic benefits. Meanwhile it can protect the environment and save the energy. The mix design is an important step for regeneration of the old asphalts. And it is critical to the performance of hot recycled asphalt mixtures. This paper illustrates the mechanism of hot recycling of asphalts and proposes a simple and useful method of mix design for hot recycled asphalt mixtures. In the process, the performances and grading of reclaimed materials were evaluated. And the composition of raw materials with different contents were tested for selection of the best mix. The results show that the method is feasible by practise.
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Griffin, M. J., S. R. Olsson, L. E. Jamieson, V. Kagy, C. Mille, P. G. Connolly, and A. B. Woolf. "Reducing the risk of importing pestinfested citrus by applying high pressure washing treatments offshore." New Zealand Plant Protection 67 (January 8, 2014): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2014.67.5759.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
New Caledonia exports limes to New Zealand and Australia each year In 2011 a high pressure washing (HPW) system was installed in an existing fresh lime grading line in La Tontouta New Caledonia Since then fumigation of limes has decreased from 100 of shipments prior to 2011 to 58 in 2012 and 12 in 2013 (from 173 and 82 shipments respectively) This paper reports on trials undertaken over the last 2 years while installing modifying testing and commercially operating the HPW system for lime exports Fruit quality and removal of pests (mainly Glovers scale (Lepidosaphes gloverii) and mussel scale (Lepidosaphes beckii)) indicated that a 175 psi (1207 kPa) HPW treatment under a gantry of seven rows of two angled nozzles resulted in up to 97 removal of pests and >84 of heavily infested limes being clean of pests with no adverse effect on fruit quality
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Božović, Ivan, and Katarina Mirković. "Overview of methods of application of waste car tires in the production of asphalt mixtures and the possibility of application in Montenegro." Put i saobraćaj 67, no. 2 (June 14, 2021): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31075/pis.67.02.03.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of waste car tires in the production of asphalt mixtures has been used successfully for over 50 years around the world, starting with the USA, Australia, South Africa, many European countries, and progress in this area can be found in the region, especially Hungary. The aim of this paper is to get familiar with the methods of application of waste car tires in the production of asphalt mixtures that are used in the world, introduction to the basic terms, equipment and machinery necessary for production, construction and testing of mixtures, and analysis of basic conditions for possible application in Montenegro.
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O'Brien, Joanna S., John J. Todd, and Lorne K. Kriwoken. "Incineration of waste at Casey Station, Australian Antarctic Territory." Polar Record 40, no. 3 (July 2004): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003224740400347x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Australian Antarctic Division manages four permanent stations in the sub-Antarctic and Antarctic. At each station a municipal waste incinerator is used to dispose of putrescible waste, wood, paper, cardboard, and plastics. Incineration significantly reduces the volume of waste but this combustion also emits toxic compounds. This study examined the waste incineration stream at Casey Station, Australian Antarctic Territory. The waste stream was sorted, burnt, and the incinerator emissions monitored. Twelve chemical compounds in gaseous emissions and heavy metals in the ash were measured. Results indicate that emissions of carbon monoxide are higher than one might expect from a small incinerator, and hydrocarbon emissions from the incinerator exceed combined hydrocarbon emissions from other sources on station. Arsenic and copper concentrations in ash, which is returned to Australia for disposal, exceed limits for hazardous waste disposal and so treatment would be required. Recommendations are provided on controlling source material in order to reduce or eliminate toxic emissions and undertaking incinerator maintenance to optimise combustion.
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Illankoon, I. M. Chethana S., Vivian W. Y. Tam, Khoa N. Le, Cuong N. N. Tran, and Mingxue Ma. "REVIEW ON GREEN BUILDING RATING TOOLS WORLDWIDE: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AUSTRALIA." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 25, no. 8 (October 10, 2019): 831–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2019.10928.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Buildings could be led to adverse impacts on environment, such as generation of construction and demolition waste, and emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). Therefore, promotion on development of green buildings is in need. With the increasing awareness in sustainable development, various rating tools are promoted to evaluate the performance of green buildings. Nowadays, these tools function as a guideline for green building development. There are various green building rating tools developed worldwide, and various countries follow different rules, incentives and regulations. However, despite of promotion of green building rating tools, environmental issues from buildings are still significant in Australia. This research compared green building rating tools in Australia and other countries or regions around the world. This research found that rating tools in Australia lack of (1) mandatory criteria and (2) regulations and incentives. This paper recommended that governmental incentives should be promoted.
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Smith, Phil, Grahame Collier, and Hazel Storey. "As Aussie as Vegemite: Building the Capacity of Sustainability Educators in Australia." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 27, no. 1 (2011): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600000161.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractVegemite, a thick, rich and salty product made from yeast extract, is a paste commonly spread on bread or toast in Australian households. This iconic product mirrors some of the unique aspects of this country. For example, Vegemite thinly spread is best. The population of this country is sparse across the wide lands, and the Australian environment with its thin soils, water shortages and intense climates, might also be described as spread thin. These aspects of context present challenges because Australia needs quality sustainability educators thick on the ground to deal with the many and diverse environmental issues.This paper describes the development of the Australian National Professional Development Initiative for Sustainability Educators (NPDISE) and how it was infuenced by the Australian context. Multiple challenges existed: the size of the country, its environmental conditions and rich biodiversity, distance and space between major centres, distribution of people and resources, understanding of and support for education, and three tiers of government – each with its own policies, programs and priorities. On top of this, the practice of sustainability education crosses multiple professional sectors and disciplines. All these challenges had to be taken into account.Research conducted by the Waste Management Association Australia in 2009 revealed that the needs of Australia's sustainability educators in overcoming many of these challenges were broadly consistent around Australia. This gave encouragement to the establishment of a national professional development approach for those working in the environmental education feld. This paper shows how four professional associations – Australian Association for Environmental Education, Waste Management Association Australia, Australian Water Association, and the Marine Education Society of Australasia – worked together for the frst time and approached these challenges whilst developing the NPDISE. A 1954 jingle said Vegemite would help children “grow stronger every single week”. The NPDISE represents a similar ethos with an emphasis on building the sector.
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Zhou, Yingwu, Yitao Weng, Limiao Li, Biao Hu, Xiaoxu Huang, and Zhongfeng Zhu. "Recycled GFRP Aggregate Concrete Considering Aggregate Grading: Compressive Behavior and Stress–Strain Modeling." Polymers 14, no. 3 (January 31, 2022): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030581.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have been used in various industries, thus a large amount of FRP wastes have been generated due to the out-of-service of FRP products. Recycling FRP wastes into coarse aggregates to replace natural coarse aggregates (NCA) to form the recycled FRP aggregate concrete (RFAC) is a potential approach to dispose of huge quantities of FRP wastes with low environmental impact. In this paper, waste glass FRP (GFRP) bars were cut into particles of 12 sizes to enable the grading of recycled FRP aggregate (RFA) as similar as possible to that of NAC. The influence of different RFA volume replacement ratios (0%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 100%) on the compressive performance of RFAC was investigated based on uniaxial compression tests of 15 standard cylinders. The results showed that the failure mode of RFAC was different from that of NAC. As the RFA replacement ratio increased, the compressive strength and elastic modulus of the RFAC gradually decreased, but its post-peak brittleness was significantly mitigated compared to NAC. The Poisson’s ratio of RFAC increased with the increase in the RGFA replacement ratio at the elastic stage and was smaller than that of NCA concrete. Both the existing stress–strain models developed for NAC and recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) were found not fit for the RFAC. Thus, a new stress–strain model that was applicable to RFAC was developed by modifying the classical existing model, and a good agreement between the model predictions and test data was reached.
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Clay, A. N., S. Joubert, and N. N. Moeketsi. "Mine-impacted water: From waste to resource." Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 122, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1556/2022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For many years, mine-impacted water has been regarded as a problem and linked to long-term environmental liabilities. However, this water can be a renewable and a sustainable resource, provided that it is managed in a responsible and sensible manner. South Africa's National Water Resource Strategy (NWRS, 2013) considers water that can be used to contribute to economic activity to be a water resource. Although all water resources are considered as belonging to the State, government does not appear to have meaningfully explored the use of mineimpacted water to contribute to the country's economic activity. Africa is blessed with more sunshine than anywhere else, apart from Australia, yet we see no rollout of vast quantities of solar panels to ensure every African family has access to affordable power. This suggests that governments are incapable of managing such a free resource. At the same time, apart from the equatorial areas, water is a seriously constrained resource and yet we expect the same entities to manage a commodity none of us can live without. This paper explores the conversion of mine-impacted water from waste to a resource and how the inclusion of other stakeholders (such as water users, landowners, and ordinary South Africans) could benefit the process.
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Kvasnicka, J. "THE TOTAL MANAGEMENT OF NORM IN THE OFFSHORE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY." APPEA Journal 38, no. 2 (1998): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj97087.
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Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORMs) in the offshore petroleum industry are generally associated with the formation of scale in pipes and vessels. As scale and sludge contain radioactive isotopes of radium they are in the category of Low Specific Activity (LSA) NORMs. Handling of NORMs creates issues involving occupational health and safety, environmental protection and radioactive waste management and waste disposal. Barium(Radium)Sulfate scale is highly insoluble and can create serious production problems by clogging pipes and valves.The paper discusses the external gamma radiation monitoring at the external surfaces of well and oil production pipes which assists in establishing the scale thickness patterns in pipes and in identifying the optimum location of a scale inhibitor injection point.To minimise radiation doses received by workers special NORM handling Work Procedures and Instructions supported by radiation protection training need to be developed. If facility personnel are trained in radiation protection and Work Procedures and Instructions are adopted it is possible to effectively manage personal radiation exposures below the public limit of 1 millisievert per year. Under such conditions no personal radiation monitoring during routine operations is required and the assessment of routine annual external radiation doses may be carried out through yearly external gamma radiation surveys of of fshore petroleum production facilities.The NORM waste cannot be disposed of onshore within the same disposal sites used for general non-radioactive waste. In Australia only the NORM waste generated in Western Australia can be disposed of onshore in an official low level radioactive waste disposal facility. It is important that Governments of other States and Territories address the onshore NORM waste disposal option. Regulations should also address a screening method for scrap metal contaminated by NORMs to be released for smelting.
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Zhou, Han Min, and Xiao Fei Liu. "Comparing Analysis on the Way of Tailings Disposal in China and Australia." Advanced Materials Research 878 (January 2014): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.878.206.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tailings are sand like waste what is made by concentrator which elected the valuable concentrate with metallic or non-metallic mining ores. Tailings disposal methods are affected by the topographic and geologic conditions, physical and mechanical properties of tailings, the state environmental control standards and many other factors. Especially the huge differences of each countrys topographic and geologic conditions always lead to the disposal of tailings in very different ways. This paper comparatively analyses the tailings disposal methods of China and Australia. And the evolution of Australias tailings disposal in four generation and the history, current situation and development direction of our countrys tailings disposal are discussed in detail. Then the development direction of tailings disposal is summed at the end.
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Buisine, F., and D. Oemcke. "Seasonal influence of waste stabilisation pond effluent on DAF/F (dissolved air flotation/filtration) process operation." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 2 (July 1, 2003): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0141.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Bolivar wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), North of Adelaide, South Australia encompasses the largest waste stabilisation pond (WSP) system in the Southern hemisphere. The wastewater effluent will ultimately be fully reused for agriculture irrigation. A dissolved air flotation/filtration (DAF/F) plant was installed for tertiary treatment downstream of the stabilisation lagoons for supply to the irrigation scheme. Chemical treatment in the form of coagulation and flocculation is required to assist the separation process. The DAF/F plant operation is highly dependent on the raw water algal population. Seasonal variations seem to be the main abiotic factors affecting the algal population growth. Significant doses of chemical can be required to respond to rapid changes of water quality. United Water International is currently assessing the appropriate chemical treatment for short term response, and is also working with Flinders University of South Australia on determining ways to manage the lagoons and to control the water quality feeding the DAF/F plant in the long term. This paper outlines the effect of seasonal variations of WSP effluent quality on the DAF/F process operation, the findings for an adapted chemical treatment, and the eventual possibilities for lagoon management.
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Azadi, Mehdi, Mansour Edraki, Faezeh Farhang, and Jiwhan Ahn. "Opportunities for Mineral Carbonation in Australia’s Mining Industry." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (February 27, 2019): 1250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051250.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) via mineral carbonation is an effective method for long-term storage of carbon dioxide and combating climate change. Implemented at a large-scale, it provides a viable solution to harvesting and storing the modern crisis of GHGs emissions. To date, technological and economic barriers have inhibited broad-scale utilisation of mineral carbonation at industrial scales. This paper outlines the mineral carbonation process; discusses drivers and barriers of mineral carbonation deployment in Australian mining; and, finally, proposes a unique approach to commercially viable CCUS within the Australian mining industry by integrating mine waste management with mine site rehabilitation, and leveraging relationships with local coal-fired power station. This paper discusses using alkaline mine and coal-fired power station waste (fly ash, red mud, and ultramafic mine tailings, i.e., nickel, diamond, PGE (platinum group elements), and legacy asbestos mine tailings) as the feedstock for CCUS to produce environmentally benign materials, which can be used in mine reclamation. Geographical proximity of mining operations, mining waste storage facilities and coal-fired power stations in Australia are identified; and possible synergies between them are discussed. This paper demonstrates that large-scale alkaline waste production and mine site reclamation can become integrated to mechanise CCUS. Furthermore, financial liabilities associated with such waste management and site reclamation could overcome many of the current economic setbacks of retrofitting CCUS in the mining industry. An improved approach to commercially viable climate change mitigation strategies available to the mining industry is reviewed in this paper.
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Gerges, Najib Nicolas, Camille Amine Issa, Samer Ahmad Fawaz, Jacques Jabbour, Johnny Jreige, and Aiman Yacoub. "Recycled Glass Concrete: Coarse and Fine Aggregates." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 1 (January 19, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.1.533.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Conventional concrete aggregate consists of sand (fine aggregate) and various sizes and shapes of gravel or stones (coarse aggregate). However, there is a growing interest in substituting alternative aggregate materials, largely as a potential use for recycled materials. While there is significant research on many different materials for aggregate substitutes such as granulated coal ash, blast furnace slag or various solid wastes including fiberglass waste materials, granulated plastics, paper and wood products or wastes, sintered sludge pellets and others. Recycled waste glasses were used as coarse and fine aggregates replacement in concrete. Coarse aggregates were replaced with Green Bottles coarse aggregates at third, half, two thirds, and 100% replacement ratios. The replacement of a third coarse aggregate was established as being the most suitable for retaining the properties of the concrete mix design. As for fine aggregates, in order to account for the numbers of variables and clearly establish a bench mark, the sand grading, color of glass, source of waste glass (bottles and non-bottles), and design mix strength were used as parameters. Fine aggregates from green, brown, and transparent bottles in addition to clear window waste glass were used. Concrete properties were tested in fresh and hardened states. The incorporation of glass sand regardless of the ratios of replacement showed no significant influence on fresh or mechanical properties of concrete except for the case of transparent bottles. Transparent bottles due to the wide source of obtainability have introduced a non-uniform factor that caused discrepancy compared to the rest of the group.
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Gerges, Najib Nicolas, Camille Amine Issa, Samer Ahmad Fawaz, Jacques Jabbour, Johnny Jreige, and Aiman Yacoub. "Recycled Glass Concrete: Coarse and Fine Aggregates." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 3, no. 1 (January 19, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2018.3.1.533.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Conventional concrete aggregate consists of sand (fine aggregate) and various sizes and shapes of gravel or stones (coarse aggregate). However, there is a growing interest in substituting alternative aggregate materials, largely as a potential use for recycled materials. While there is significant research on many different materials for aggregate substitutes such as granulated coal ash, blast furnace slag or various solid wastes including fiberglass waste materials, granulated plastics, paper and wood products or wastes, sintered sludge pellets and others. Recycled waste glasses were used as coarse and fine aggregates replacement in concrete. Coarse aggregates were replaced with Green Bottles coarse aggregates at third, half, two thirds, and 100% replacement ratios. The replacement of a third coarse aggregate was established as being the most suitable for retaining the properties of the concrete mix design. As for fine aggregates, in order to account for the numbers of variables and clearly establish a bench mark, the sand grading, color of glass, source of waste glass (bottles and non-bottles), and design mix strength were used as parameters. Fine aggregates from green, brown, and transparent bottles in addition to clear window waste glass were used. Concrete properties were tested in fresh and hardened states. The incorporation of glass sand regardless of the ratios of replacement showed no significant influence on fresh or mechanical properties of concrete except for the case of transparent bottles. Transparent bottles due to the wide source of obtainability have introduced a non-uniform factor that caused discrepancy compared to the rest of the group.
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Kay, Winston, and Peter Mawson. "An Efficient Method for the Euthanasia of Cane Toads (Rhinella marina) under Northern Australian Field Conditions." Animals 11, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 2239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082239.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The euthanasia of cane toads under field conditions presents a number of logistical and animal welfare challenges. One recommended method of control involves the use of carbon dioxide in plastic bags. This paper describes the minimum amount of time (4 h) required to efficiently euthanase toads with a carbon dioxide concentration of 4.96% under field conditions experienced in northern Australia. Discussion is also provided on the issues of safe disposal of biological and plastic waste associated with the application of this method.
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XIA, Bo, Jian ZUO, Martin SKITMORE, Qing CHEN, and Ayomi RARASATI. "SUSTAINABLE RETIREMENT VILLAGE FOR OLDER PEOPLE: A CASE STUDY IN BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 19, no. 2 (June 19, 2015): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2015.1029564.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Retirement villages are regarded as a viable accommodation option for the ever increasing ageing population in Australia. This paper aims to identify sustainability features and practices adopted in retirement villages and associated benefits to improve the life quality of older people. A case study of an existing retirement village 10 kms from Brisbane CBD was conducted involving a series of interviews with the village managers and residents together with documents relating to the village's operations and activities. The environmentally friendly features that were incorporated into the development mainly include green design for the site and floor plan and waste management in daily operation. More importantly, a variety of facilities are provided to strengthen the social engagement and interactions among the residents. Additionally, different daily services are provided to assist independent living and improve the health conditions of residents. Also, the relatively low vacancy rate in this village indicates that these sustainability features offer good value of money for the residents. The paper provides a first look at sustainable retirement villages in terms of triple bottom line sustainability with emphasis on social aspects, reveals the importance in maintaining an appropriate balance, and provides examples of how this can be achieved in practice.
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Masters, B. K. "Management of Dairy Waste: A Low Cost Treatment System Using Phosphorus-Adsorbing Materials." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0038.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dairy wastes are a source of nutrient pollution of surface and ground waters in high rainfall areas of south west Western Australia. Many of the state's 546 dairies are sited over soils that are either sandy, leading to pollution of ground waters, or clayey, causing reductions in surface water quality. Awareness of the environmental implications of their activities is motivating dairy farmers to join Land Conservation District Committees, where water quality improvement is a primary goal. A low cost treatment system has been designed to reduce the water pollution potential of dairy waste. It incorporates three stages: a sump in which anaerobic digestion occurs; an aerobic vegetated filter with a base of permeable phosphorus-absorbing material; and an irrigated plantation or crop using water that has passed through the system. This paper describes the theoretical background to the design.
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Ding, Le, Junhui Zhang, Bowen Feng, and Cheng Li. "Performance Evaluation of Recycled Asphalt Mixtures Containing Construction and Demolition Waste Applicated as Pavement Base." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (July 23, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8875402.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Construction and demolition waste contain large amount of concrete and bricks. To identify its feasibility of applying in asphalt stabilized gravel mixtures as pavement base, this paper carried out researches on properties of recycled asphalt mixture (RAM) by laboratory testing, under different contents of recycled aggregates (RA) and proportions of bricks to concrete. First, the basic physical properties of each component of the RAM were determined. According to the actual screening passing rate, the Bailey method was used to design and verify the grading of RAM, and then initial asphalt content was estimated. The stability, flow value, voidage, and bulk density were obtained by Marshall Test, and the optimal asphalt-aggregate ratios were determined under different RA contents and proportion of bricks to concrete. Subsequently, the uniaxial compression test, splitting tensile test, immersion Marshall test, freeze-thaw splitting test, and Hamburg rutting test were performed to investigate mechanical properties, water stability, and high-temperature stability of RAM. The results shows that as the content of RA increases from 0% to 100%, the corresponding compressive strength, resilient modulus, and splitting tensile strength all decrease; the same change trend is presented in the residual stability and freeze-thaw splitting test strength ratio and rutting depth. According to the requirement of pavement base of high-grade roads in China’s standards, the recommended RA content and proportion of bricks to concrete were proposed for the design RAM.
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Brown, Kerry, Ferry Jie, Thi Le, Jalleh Sharafizad, Fleur Sharafizad, and Subhadarsini Parida. "Factors Impacting SME Business Resilience Post-COVID-19." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 10, 2022): 14850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142214850.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The ability of an organization to respond to a crisis with agility is vital for business leaders to maintain business continuity. Our paper examined how business owners responded to the challenges caused by the pandemic. Using online surveys for data collection, we investigated a critical agility issue of supply chain risks through understanding the interrelationship of various business capability factors. Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) was applied to a sample of 220 participants who were owners of micro, small, and medium businesses in Western Australia. The findings showed that the businesses’ efficiency, financial strength, and flexibility in sourcing affected the businesses’ supply chain risks negatively. More support for labor productivity, asset utilization, waste elimination, financial reserves, portfolio diversification, and credit access needs to be introduced to enhance the resilience of the business supply chain. This paper is novel, as we used the data collected in Western Australia, where the SMEs were still affected by the global supply chain disruption but lacked protracted lockdowns, as had occurred nationally and globally during the COVID-19 period.