Статті в журналах: "Waste heat recovery chiller"

1

Enoki, Koji, Fumi Watanabe, Atsushi Akisawa, and Toshitaka Takei. "Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Generator Temperature on the Performance of Solution Transportation Absorption Chiller." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 25, no. 03 (September 2017): 1750028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132517500286.

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It is effective to recover waste heat to reduce primary energy consumption. From this point of view, we proposed and examined a new idea of heat transportation using ammonia–water as the working fluid in the system named the Solution Transportation Absorption chiller (STA). As waste heat sources are not necessarily located close to areas of heat demand, conventionally, absorption chillers are located on heat source side and produce chilled water that is transported to heat demand side through pipelines with an insulation. In contrast, the proposed system STA divides an absorption chiller into two parts. The generator and the condenser are located on heat source side while the evaporator and the absorber are on heat demand side. Both the conventional system and STA system satisfy the same boundary condition of heat recovery and heat supply to the demand side, STA can work for transferring thermal energy as the conventional system does even though the temperature of the media is ambient without an insulation. Our previous studies of the STA were based on the experimental investigation with the STA facility where the cooling power was 90[Formula: see text]kW (25.6 refrigeration ton) at the generator temperature 120[Formula: see text]C from 0[Formula: see text]m (normal absorption chiller) to 1000[Formula: see text]m. Thus, the Coefficient of Performance (COP) of STA was found to have almost the same value of 0.65 with conventional absorption chillers without depending on the transportation distances. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of generator temperature from 100[Formula: see text]C to 120[Formula: see text]C on the performance of solution transportation of ammonia–water solution, because the generator temperature is directly linked to the waste heat temperature, so its effect needs to be investigated. The experimental facility tested the performance with 0[Formula: see text]m (normal absorption chiller), 200[Formula: see text]m and 500[Formula: see text]m distance. The results indicate that the effect of the generator temperature and solution transportation distances showed no significant on the COP.

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2

Amiri, Leyla, Edris Madadian, Navid Bahrani, and Seyed Ali Ghoreishi-Madiseh. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Waste Heat Utilization in Data Centers: Application of Absorption Chiller Systems." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 2433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092433.

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Modern data centers are playing a pivotal role in the global economic situation. Unlike high-quality source of waste heat, it is challenging to recover the decentralized and low-quality waste heat sourced from data centers due to numerous technological and economic hurdles. As such, it is of the utmost importance to explore possible pathways to maximize the energy efficiency of the data centers and to utilize their heat recovery. Absorption chiller systems are a promising technology for the recovery of waste heat at ultra-low temperatures. In fact, the low temperature heat discharged from data centers cannot be retrieved with conventional heat recovery systems. Therefore, the present study investigated feasibility of waste heat recovery from data centers using an absorption chiller system, with the ultimate goal of electrical energy production. To fulfill this objective, a techno-economic assessment of heat recovery using absorption chiller (AC) technique for the data centers with power consumption range of 4.5 to 13.5 MW is performed. The proposed AC system enables saving electricity for the value of 4,340,000 kWh/year and 13,025,000 kWh/year leading to an annual reduction of 3068 and 9208 tons CO2 equivalent of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, respectively. The results of this study suggest an optimum change in the design of the data center while reducing the payback period for the investors.

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3

Paula, V. B., A. Chun, B. M. Miotto, C. C. M. Cunha, and J. J. C. C. S. Santos. "ALTERNATIVE DESIGN AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF AN EXPERIMENTAL WHR FOR INTAKE AIR CONDITIONING OF A LARGE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 19, no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v19i2.78611.

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This work presents an alternative design for an experimental waste heat recovery thermal system to be coupled to a large turbocharged internal combustion engine for combustion air conditioning. The goal is to carry out a design of a new thermal system under restricted economic requirements for one of the generators set of Luiz Oscar Rodrigues de Melo Thermoelectric Power Plant. Thereby, a comparison with the original proposal from previous works is also developed in order to demonstrate the differences in terms of thermo-economic design parameters. The waste recovery thermal system produces sufficient chilled water through a single-effect absorption chiller, powered by hot water which is produced by recovering the exhaust gases residual heat to supply cooling applications on the combustion air. The results showed a significant reduction for the chiller capacity demand, from 550 to 185 RT, that would be enough to provide chilled water for 98.72% of the analyzed operation historical period. The economic feasibility indicators reveal the proposal for the alternative waste heat recovery system as the best financial option, presenting a lower investment cost (US$316,793.27 of savings) and a time for capital recovery of 2.14 years, 1.61 years shorter when compared with the initial WHR system.

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4

Alsarayreh, Ahmad A., Ayman Al-Maaitah, Menwer Attarakih, and Hans-Jörg Bart. "Energy and exergy analysis of combined cooling and power system using variable mode adsorption chiller." E3S Web of Conferences 294 (2021): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129403002.

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Adsorption cooling is a promising technology to recover low-temperature waste heat from a diesel genset. In this paper, an advanced adsorption chiller working in variable mode is proposed for the combined cooling and power cycle (CCP) to recover waste heat from the water jacket in the diesel genset. The chiller works on three modes based on the ambient temperature for better heat utilization. In this study, three modes were investigated: single-stage cycle mode, short-duration, and medium-duration mass recovery modes. The results show that the energy and exergy efficiency for a single-stage cycle mode is higher at an ambient temperature lower than 35 °C . In comparison, the mass recovery mode has a higher energy and exergy efficiency at an ambient temperature higher than 35 °C. The annual energy and exergy efficiency for the CCP was investigated when the chiller works with variable modes based on the ambient temperature under DUBAI weather conditions as a case study. The results show an improvement of 14.7% and 14% of the energy and exergy efficiency, respectively, for CCP with a variable mode adsorption chiller compared to diesel genset alone. The results also show the CCP with variable mode adsorption chiller has a slight improvement on both energy and exergy efficiency compared to CCP with a single-stage adsorption chiller at the same ambient conditions.

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5

Radchenko, R., M. Pyrysunko, M. Bogdanov, and Yu Shcherbak. "A new approach to increasing the efficiency of the ship main engine air waste heat recovery cooling system." Refrigeration Engineering and Technology 55, no. 1 (February 10, 2019): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/ret.v55i1.1349.

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The efficiency of integrated cooling air at the intake of Turbocharger and Scavenge air at the inlet of working cylinders of the main diesel engine of dry-cargo ship by transforming the waste heat into a cold by an Refrigerant Ejector Chiller (ECh) as the most simple in design and reliable in operation and by complex in design but more efficient Absorption Lithium-Bromide Chiller (ACh) was analyzed. A ship power plant of cogeneration type using the relatively low-grade heat of water of a heat supply system with a temperature of about 90 °C, that significantly complicates the problem of its conversion into cold were considered. Because of the insufficiently high efficiency of transformation of the heat of hot water (low coefficient of performance) as compared with steam, the resulting cooling capacity may not be enough for cooling intake air of the turbocharger and scavenge air, that raises the problem of the rational distribution of heat loads between the Turbocharger Intake Air cooling circuit (subsystem) and Scavenge air cooling circuit and the need to use chillers of various types. This takes into account the rational parameters of cooling processes of the scavenge air in the cogeneration high-temperature stage of scavenge air cooler, in the intermediate stage of traditional cooling air with seawater, and in the low-temperature stage for deep cooling of the scavenge air by using a chiller. A new approach is proposed to improve the efficiency of integrated cooling Intake Air of the turbocharger and Scavenge Air at the inlet of the working cylinders of the ship main engine of a transport ship, which consists in comparing the required cooling capacity and the corresponding heat needs during the trade route with the available heat of exhaust gases and scavenge air of the cogeneration power plant, determining the deficit and excess cooling capacity of heat utilizing cooling machines of various types, that allows to identify and realize the reserves of improving the efficiency of cooling intake air of the turbocharger and the scavenge air of the main diesel engine through the joint use of chillers of various types.

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6

Радченко, Микола Іванович, Євген Іванович Трушляков, Богдан Сергійович Портной, Сергій Анатолійович Кантор та Ян Зонмін. "ПОРІВНЯННЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ГЛИБОКОГО ОХОЛОДЖЕННЯ ПОВІТРЯ НА ВХОДІ ГТУ ДЛЯ РІЗНОГО ТИПУ КЛІМАТУ". Aerospace technic and technology, № 1 (25 січня 2020): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2020.1.02.

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The efficiency of deep air cooling at the inlet of gas turbine units has been investigated for changed climatic conditions of operation during the month. For air cooling, the use of waste heat recovery chiller has been considered, which transform the heat of exhaust gases of gas turbine units into the cold. The efficiency of air cooling at the inlet of gas turbine units to different temperatures has been analysed: to 15°C – an absorption lithium-bromide chiller, which is used as the first pre-cooling stage of ambient air and down to 10°C – a combined absorption-ejector chiller, with ejector refrigerant chiller as the second stage of air cooling.The air cooling efficiency is estimated for different climatic conditions: a temperate climate on the example of Odessa (Ukraine) and a subtropical climate for Guangzhou (China). The subtropical climate peculiarity of Guangzhou is the high relative humidity of the air, respectively, and its moisture contents at the same time its high temperatures. As an indicator, when evaluating the efficiency of air cooling at the inlet of gas turbine units to 15°C in an absorption lithium-bromide chiller and deep cooling of air to 10°C in a combined absorption-ejector chiller, the specific fuel consumption reduced has been used. In this case, the needs for specific production of refrigeration capacity and specific capacity of cooling towers for cooling waste heat recovery chillers when cooling air to different temperatures are compared. It is shown that, through extremely different thermal and humidity parameters of ambient air, its cooling at the inlet of gas turbine units to 10ºС for the climatic conditions of Ukraine provides the current decrease in specific fuel consumption due to deeper cooling of the air at the inlet of the GTU in 1.6 ... 1.7 times compared with cooling to 15ºС, and for climatic conditions of the PRC - 1.4 ... 1.45 times. However, it should be noted that a deeper cooling of the air at the inlet of the gas turbine unit to a temperature of 10°C in a combined absorption-ejector chiller compared to its traditional cooling to 15°C in an absorption bromine-lithium chiller requires an increase in the required specific amount of cold by 1.7 ... 2, 0 times and the required specific capacity of cooling towers for cooling chillers by 2.6 ... 3.0 times for the climatic conditions of Ukraine, while for China - 1.25 ... 1.3 and 1.5 ... 1.6 times, respectively.

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7

Sultana, T., and MZI Khan. "The Effect of Thermal Conductance of Evaporator on Performance of a Two Stage Adsorption Chiller (Reheat) with Different Mass Allocation." Dhaka University Journal of Science 62, no. 2 (February 8, 2015): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v62i2.21978.

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Now a days, adsorption heat pumps receive considerable attention as they are energy savers and environmentally benign. Silica gel/water based adsorption cycles have a distinct advantage in their ability to be driven by heat of near-ambient temperature so that waste heat below 100 °C can be recovered. One interesting feature of refrigeration cycles driven by waste heat is that they do not use primary energy as driving source. In the present paper, an analytic investigation of a two-stage adsorption refrigeration chiller using re-heat with different mass allocation was performed to determine the influence of the thermal conductance of evaporator as well as the heat source temperature on the chiller performance. Result shows that cycle performance is strongly influenced by large thermal conductance values of the evaporator. Besides it is observed that the chilled water outlet has lower value for comparatively higher value of heat source temperature. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v62i2.21978 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 62(2): 133-139, 2014 (July)

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8

Radchenko, A. M., Y. Zongming, and B. S. Portnoi. "Analyzing the efficiency of moderate and deep cooling of air at the inlet of gas turbine in various climatic conditions." Refrigeration Engineering and Technology 55, no. 1 (February 10, 2019): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/ret.v55i1.1351.

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The efficiency of deep cooling air at the inlet of gas turbine unite to the temperature of 10 °С by waste heat recovery combined absorption-ejector chiller was analyzed in climatic conditions at Kharkov site, Ukraine, and Beijing site, China, and compared with the moderate cooling to the temperature of 15°C in traditional absorption lithium-bromide chiller. The refrigerant ejector chiller is chosen as the most simple and reliable in operation chiller. It was used as the low-temperature stage for subcooling the air precooled in absorption lithium-bromide chiller to the temperature about 15 °C. Both waste heat recovery absorption lithium-bromide chiller and ejector chiller use the heat of gas turbine unite exhaust gas to produce a cooling capacity. Air cooling at the inlet of gas turbine unite was investigated for varying climatic conditions during the year. The current values of temperature depression with cooling ambient air to different temperatures of 10 °C and 15 °C and corresponding cooling capacities required were calculated. The comparison of the effect due to gas turbine unite inlet air cooling was performed by annual fuel saving and power production growth. With this the current values of turbine power output increase and specific fuel consumption decrease due to cooling inlet air from current varying ambient temperatures to the temperatures of 10 °C and 15 °C were calculated. It was shown that annual fuel saving and power production growth have increased by 1,8 times for Kharkov (Ukraine) site climatic conditions and by 1,6 times for Beijing (China) site due to deep cooling air to the temperature of 10 °C by absorption-ejector chiller as compared with cooling inlet air to the temperature of 15 °C by absorption lithium-bromide chiller.

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9

Chen, Chai-Phing, Siaw-Paw Koh, Sieh-Kiong Tiong, Jian-Ding Tan, and Albert Yu-Chooi Fong. "A heat waste recovery system via thermoelectric generator." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 16, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i2.pp586-590.

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<span>Be it in the power production or consumption end, improvement on the power efficiency has become one of the most pivoting research topics over the past few decades. In order to reduce the reliance on fossil fuels and negative impacts on the environment, many ways are found to show promising results to increase power efficiency. One of the most effective ways is to recover and reuse heat waste. In this research, a heat waste recovery system is proposed by using thermoelectric generators (TEGs). This proposed heat recovery system can be implemented at the exhaust or the chiller section of a power system to abstract the excessive and unwanted heat and reuse it before it dissipates into the environment or goes to waste. Experiments are setup and conducted with controlled heat levels to investigate the performance of the proposed system in converting heat waste into electricity under different temperatures. The results show that the generated power hikes as the heat set-points increase from 30°C to 240°C. The output power fluctuates and shows no significant increase as the temperature increases from 240°C onwards. The maximum power is generated at 290°C. It can thus be concluded that the proposed system successfully generates electricity under different level of heat waste temperature. In time to come, this research can further explore the possibility on the optimization of the generated power.</span>

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10

He, Zhilong, Xiaolin Wang, and Hui Tong Chua. "Performance Study of a Four-Bed Silica Gel-Water Adsorption Chiller with the Passive Heat Recovery Scheme." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/634347.

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Adsorption chiller technology is one of the effective means to convert waste thermal energy into effective cooling, which substantially improves energy efficiency and lowers environmental pollution. This paper uses an improved lump-parameter design model to theoretically and experimentally evaluate the efficacy of the passive heat recovery scheme as applied to a four-bed adsorption chiller. Results show that the model can accurately track the experimental temporal system outlet temperatures. The performance predictions from this model compare favourably with experimental results. At rated temperature conditions and over a wide range of cycle times, both the cooling capacity and COP can be predicted to within 12.5%. The analyses indicate that the model can be used confidently as a design tool for a four-bed adsorption chiller and the passive heat recovery scheme can effectively improve the system performance.

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11

Khan, M. Z. I., B. B. Saha, K. C. A. Alam, A. Akisawa, and T. Kashiwagi. "Study on solar/waste heat driven multi-bed adsorption chiller with mass recovery." Renewable Energy 32, no. 3 (March 2007): 365–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2006.02.003.

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Радченко, Роман Миколайович, Дмитро Вікторович Коновалов, Максим Андрійович Пирисунько, Чжан Цян та Луо Зевей. "ОХОЛОДЖЕННЯ ПОВІТРЯ НА ВХОДІ ГОЛОВНОГО СУДНОВОГО ДВИГУНА АБСОРБЦІЙНОЮ БРОМИСТОЛІТІЄВОЮ ХОЛОДИЛЬНОЮ МАШИНОЮ В ТРОПІЧНИХ УМОВАХ". Aerospace technic and technology, № 2 (27 квітня 2020): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2020.2.03.

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The efficiency of air cooling at the inlet of the main low speed engine of a transport vessel during operation in tropical climatic conditions on the Shanghai-Karachi-Shanghai route was analyzed. The peculiarity of the tropical climate is the high relative humidity of the air at the same time its high temperatures, and hence the increased thermal load on the cooling system, which requires efficient transformation of the waste heat into the cold in the case of the use of waste heat recovery refrigeration machines. The cooling of the air at the inlet of the low speed engine by absorption lithium bromide chillers, which are characterized by high efficiency of transformation of waste heat into cold – by high coefficients of performance, is investigated. A schematic-construction solution of the air cooling system at the inlet of the ship's main engine using the heat of exhaust gases by an absorption chiller is proposed and analyzed. With this the cooling potential of the inlet air cooling from the current ambient air temperature to 15 ° C and the corresponding heat consumption for the operation of the adsorption chiller, on the one hand, was compared with the available exhaust gas heat potential, on the other hand. The effect of using the exhaust gas heat to cool the air at the inlet of the engine has been analyzed taking into account the changing climatic conditions during the voyage. Enhancement of fuel efficiency of the ship's engine by reducing the inlet air temperature were evaluated by current values of the reduction in specific and total fuel consumption. It is shown that due to the high efficiency of heat conversion in absorption chillers (high coefficients of performance 0.7…0.8), a significant amount of excessive exhaust gas heat over the heat required to cool the ambient air at the inlet of the engine to 15 ° C, which reaches almost half of the available exhaust gas heat during the Shanghai-Karachi-Shanghai route. This reveals the possibility of additional cooling a scavenge air too with almost double fuel economy due to the cooling of all cycle air of the low speed engine, including the air at the inlet.

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13

Портной, Богдан Сергійович. "ВИБІР ТЕПЛОВОГО НАВАНТАЖЕННЯ АПАРАТІВ ОХОЛОДЖЕННЯ ПОВІТРЯ НА ВХОДІ ГТУ В РІЗНИХ КЛІМАТИЧНИХ УМОВАХ". Aerospace technic and technology, № 4 (14 жовтня 2018): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2018.4.06.

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It is proposed the definition of the installed (rational) refrigeration capacity of a waste heat-recovery absorption-ejector chiller that utilizes the heat of the exhaust gases of a gas turbine unite to cool the air at the inlet. Since the effect of air cooling, in particular in the form of a reduction in the specific fuel consumption, depends on its depth (the magnitude of the decrease in air temperature) and duration, it is proposed to determine it by the annual fuel economy. As an example of air cooling at the inlet of a gas turbine unit, the value of reducing specific fuel consumption due to cooling the air at the inlet to the temperature of 15 °C by an absorption lithium-bromide chiller and two-stage air cooling: to a temperature of 15 °C in an absorption lithium-bromide chiller and down to 10 °C – in a refrigerant ejector chiller as the stages of a two-stage absorption-ejector chiller, depending on the installed (design) refrigeration capacity is analyzed.It is shown that proceeding from the different rate of increment of the annual reduction in the specific fuel consumption due to the change in the thermal load in accordance with the current climatic conditions, it is necessary to choose such design heat load for the air cooling system (installed refrigeration capacity of the chillers), which ensures the achievement of the maximum or close to annual reduction in the specific fuel consumption at relatively high rates of its increment. In order to determine the installed refrigeration capacity, which ensures the maximum annual refrigeration capacity (annual production of cold), the dependence of the increment of annual fuel economy from the installed refrigeration capacity is analyzed. Based on the results of the investigation, it was proposed to determine the rational thermal load of the air cooling system (installed - the design refrigeration capacity of the chiller) in accordance with the changing climatic conditions of operation during the year, which provides a maximum annual reduction in the specific fuel consumption at relatively high rates of its increment

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14

BANNAI, Masaaki, Youichi FUJITA, and Hiroshi YUNOUE. "709 Development and Application of waste heat recovery Chiller-Heater for Micro Gas Turbine." Proceedings of Conference of Kanto Branch 2001.7 (2001): 275–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekanto.2001.7.275.

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15

Mousafarash, Ali. "Exergy and Exergoenvironmental Analysis of a CCHP System Based on a Parallel Flow Double-Effect Absorption Chiller." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2370305.

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A combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system which produces electricity, heating, and cooling is modeled and analyzed. This system is comprised of a gas turbine, a heat recovery steam generator, and a double-effect absorption chiller. Exergy analysis is conducted to address the magnitude and the location of irreversibilities. In order to enhance understanding, a comprehensive parametric study is performed to see the effect of some major design parameters on the system performance. These design parameters are compressor pressure ratio, gas turbine inlet temperature, gas turbine isentropic efficiency, compressor isentropic efficiency, and temperature of absorption chiller generator inlet. The results show that exergy efficiency of the CCHP system is higher than the power generation system and the cogeneration system. In addition, the results indicate that when waste heat is utilized in the heat recovery steam generator, the greenhouse gasses are reduced when the fixed power output is generated. According to the parametric study results, an increase in compressor pressure ratio shows that the network output first increases and then decreases. Furthermore, an increase in gas turbine inlet temperature increases the system exergy efficiency, decreasing the total exergy destruction rate consequently.

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OSAKABE, Naoki, Ritsu HOMMA, Masahiro OKA, and Tadaaki ISHIKAWA. "The Development of High Performance Gas-fired Absorption Chiller/Heater with Auxiliary Waste Heat Recovery." Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems 2004.9 (2004): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2004.9.417.

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Gupta, Rohit, and Ishwar K. Puri. "Waste heat recovery in a data center with an adsorption chiller: Technical and economic analysis." Energy Conversion and Management 245 (October 2021): 114576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114576.

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18

Радченко, Микола Іванович, Євген Іванович Трушляков, Сергій Анатолійович Кантор, Богдан Сергійович Портной та Анатолій Анатолійович Зубарєв. "МЕТОД ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ТЕПЛОВОГО НАВАНТАЖЕННЯ СИСТЕМИ КОНДИЦІЮВАННЯ ПОВІТРЯ ЗА МАКСИМАЛЬНИМ ТЕМПОМ ПРИРОЩЕННЯ ХОЛОДОПРОДУКТИВНОСТІ (на прикладі кондиціювання повітря енергетичного призначення)". Aerospace technic and technology, № 4 (14 жовтня 2018): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2018.4.05.

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It is justified the necessity of taking into consideration changes in thermal loads on the air conditioning system (heat and moisture treatment of air by cooling it with decreasing temperature and moisture content) in accordance with the current climatic conditions of operation. Since the effect of air cooling depends on the duration of its use and the amount of cold consumption, it is suggested that it be determined by the amount of cold spent per year for air conditioning at the GTU inlet, that is, for annual refrigerating capacity. The example of heat-using air conditioning at the inlet of a gas turbine unite (energy–efficient air conditioning systems) analyzes the annual costs of cooling for cooling ambient air to the temperature of 15 °C by an absorption lithium-bromide chiller and two-stage air cooling: to a temperature of 15 °C in an absorption lithium-bromide chiller and down to temperature 10 °С – in a refrigerant ejector chiller as the stages of a two-stage absorption-ejector chiller, depending on the installed (project) refrigerating capacity of waste heat recovery chiller.It is shown that, based on the varying rate of increment in the annual production of cold (annual refrigeration capacity) due to the change in the thermal load in accordance with current climatic conditions, it is necessary to select such a design thermal load for the air conditioning system (installed refrigeration capacity of chillers), which ensures the achievement of maximum or close to it annual production of cold at a relatively high rate of its increment. It is analyzed the dependence of the increment on the annual refrigerated capacity, relative to the installed refrigeration capacity, on the installed refrigeration capacity, in order to determine the installed refrigeration capacity, which provides the maximum rate of increase in the annual refrigerating capacity (annual production of cold). Based on the results of the research, it is proposed the method for determining the rational thermal load of the air conditioning system (installed – the design refrigeration capacity of the chiller) in accordance with the changing climatic conditions of operation during the year, which provides nearby the maximum annual production of cold at relatively high rates of its growth

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Rizza, J. J. "Aqueous Lithium Bromide TES and R-123 Chiller in Series." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 125, no. 1 (January 27, 2003): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1530630.

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Анотація:

This paper presents an analysis of a cold thermal energy storage (TES) system operating in series with an R-123 chiller. A lithium bromide/water LiBr/H2O solution is used both as a refrigerant and as a cold thermal storage material. The refrigerant, liquid water, is extracted from the LiBr/H2O strong solution during the off-peak period. The liquid water and LiBr/H2O weak solution, a byproduct of the refrigerant recovery process, are used during the on-peak period to cool the building. Building waste heat is pumped by the R-123 compressor to a higher temperature during the off-peak period and is used in the generator to recover the thermal storage by reprocessing the stored solution to a higher lithium bromide concentration. The storage volumetric efficiency and system COP are determined and compared to storage systems based on water/ice and liquid water. The storage volumetric efficiency is greater than a water/ice system and far exceeds the value for a liquid water system. The proposed system, which uses an external heat pump as a source of generator heat, is also compared to another LiBr/H2O system that uses a self-contained internal heat pump (the compressor operates independently from the chiller and uses the liberated water refrigerant as its working fluid). The system presented here outperforms both the water/ice system and the internal heat pump LiBr/H2O system but is unable to match the liquid water system COP. However, it has other well-defined advantages over the liquid water system and appears to be a competitive alternative to conventional TES systems.

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Alimgazin, A. Sh, S. A. Prishchepova, I. A. Sultanguzin, A. V. Fedyukhin, Yu V. Yavorovsky, and A. I. Bartenev. "The use of heat transformers for the low-temperature secondary energy resources recovery in non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises." E3S Web of Conferences 178 (2020): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017801017.

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The paper discusses the concept of developing schemes for the utilization of low potential secondary energy resources waste heat in heat transformers (HT). There ara several examples of using HT in non-ferrous metallurgy plants in Russia and Kazakhstan: the production of nickel, zinc and ferroalloys. In the case of nickel production, two schemes are proposed for consideration: for summer and winter modes. The main object of study is a nickel production scheme using a lithium bromide absorption chiller (AbCh) in the summer. The nickel production process needs cold. In the proposed scheme, the main source of utilized low-grade waste heat for AbCh is recycled water. The basic parameters were calculated under various extreme conditions, the energy effect of the circuit modernization was estimated, and equipment was selected. Another example of the HT use is the use of a heat pump unit (HPU) in the production of zinc and ferroalloys. HPU is designed to heat feed water before chemical water treatment and at the same time to “cool down” the circulating water, which is then used for electrolysis, replacing purchased artesian water.

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21

Bonaccorsi, Lucio, Antonio Fotia, Angela Malara, and Patrizia Frontera. "Advanced Adsorbent Materials for Waste Energy Recovery." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 19, 2020): 4299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174299.

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Анотація:

Nowadays, waste thermal energy represents a huge quantity of energy that, in most cases, is unfortunately dispersed rather than recovered. Although it is well known that its recovery could result in a considerable impact reduction of human activities on the environment, it is still a challenging issue. In view of this, absorption chillers and heat pumps, based on the use of porous materials capable of reversibly adsorbing and desorbing water vapor, can be considered among the preferred systems to recover waste thermal energy, especially at medium–low temperatures. This study deals with the preparation and performance of a new generation of advanced adsorbent materials specifically produced as coatings for water adsorption systems driven by low temperature heat sources (around 150 °C). The proposed coating consists of hybrid SAPO-34/polyacrilonitrile microfibers directly deposited on the surface to be coated by means of the electrospinning technique. Their zeolite morphology and concentrations, as well as their distribution over the polymeric microfibers, were key variables in achieving the best combination of adsorption properties and hydrothermal stability of the coating.

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Alsarayreh, Ahmad A., Ayman Al-Maaitah, Menwer Attarakih, and Hans-Jörg Bart. "Performance Analysis of Variable Mode Adsorption Chiller at Different Recooling Water Temperatures." Energies 14, no. 13 (June 27, 2021): 3871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133871.

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Adsorption cooling can recover waste heat at low temperature levels, thereby saving energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. An air-cooled adsorption cooling system reduces water consumption and the technical problems associated with wet-cooling systems; however, it is difficult to maintain a constant recooling water temperature using such a system. To overcome this limitation, a variable mode adsorption chiller concept was introduced and investigated in this study. A prototype adsorption chiller was designed and tested experimentally and numerically using the lumped model. Experimental and numerical results showed good agreement and a similar trend. The adsorbent pairs investigated in this chiller consisted of silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO-34)/water. The experimental isotherm data were fitted to the Dubinin–Astakhov (D–A), Freundlich, Hill, and Sun and Chakraborty (S–C) models. The fitted data exhibited satisfactory agreement with the experimental data except with the Freundlich model. In addition, the adsorption kinetics parameters were calculated using a linear driving force model that was fitted to the experimental data with high correlation coefficients. The results show that the kinetics of the adsorption parameters were dependent on the partial pressure ratio. Four cooling cycle modes were investigated: single stage mode and mass recovery modes with duration times of 25%, 50%, and 75% of the cooling cycle time (denoted as short, medium, and long mass recovery, respectively). The cycle time was optimized based on the maximum cooling capacity. The single stage, short mass recovery, and medium mass recovery modes were found to be the optimum modes at lower (<35 °C), medium (35–44 °C), and high (>44 °C) recooling temperatures. Notably, the recooling water temperature profile is very important for assessing and optimizing the suitable working mode.

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23

Kuchmacz, Jan, Artur Bieniek, and Łukasz Mika. "The use of adsorption chillers for waste heat recovery." Polityka Energetyczna – Energy Policy Journal 22, no. 2 (June 24, 2019): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.33223/epj/108706.

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24

Grzebielec, Andrzej, Artur Rusowicz, and Adam Szelągowski. "Air purification in industrial plants producing automotive rubber components in terms of energy efficiency." Open Engineering 7, no. 1 (April 27, 2017): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2017-0015.

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AbstractIn automotive industry plants, which use injection molding machines for rubber processing, tar contaminates air to such an extent that air fails to enter standard heat recovery systems. Accumulated tar clogs ventilation heat recovery exchangers in just a few days. In the plant in which the research was conducted, tar contamination causes blockage of ventilation ducts. The effect of this phenomenon was that every half year channels had to be replaced with new ones, since the economic analysis has shown that cleaning them is not cost-efficient. Air temperature inside such plants is often, even in winter, higher than 30°C. The air, without any means of heat recovery, is discharged outside the buildings. The analyzed plant uses three types of media for production: hot water, cold water at 14°C (produced in a water chiller), and compressed air, generated in a unit with a rated power consumption of 180 kW. The aim of the study is to determine the energy efficiency improvement of this type of manufacturing plant. The main problem to solve is to provide an air purification process so that air can be used in heat recovery devices. The next problem to solve is to recover heat at such a temperature level that it would be possible to produce cold for technological purposes without air purification. Experimental studies have shown that air purification is feasible. By using one microjet head, a total of 75% of tar particles was removed from the air; by using 4 heads, a purification efficiency of 93% was obtained. This method of air purification causes air temperature to decrease from 35°C to 20°C, which significantly reduces the potential for heat recovery. The next step of the research was designing a cassette-plate heat exchanger to exchange heat without air purification. The economic analysis of such a solution revealed that replacing the heat exchanger with a new one even once a year was not cost-efficient. Another issue examined in the context of energy efficiency was the use of waste heat from the air compressor. Before any changes, the heat was picked up by a chilled water system. The idea was to use the heat for cold generation. Temperature of oil and air in the compressor exceeds 65°C, which makes it a perfect heat source for an adsorption refrigeration device. This solution reduced the cooling demand by 147 kW, thus reducing power consumption by 36.75 kW. This study shows that even in factories where air is heavily polluted with tar, there are huge potentials for energy recovery using existing technical solutions. It is important to note that problems of this kind should always be approached individually.

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Радченко, Андрій Миколайович, Богдан Сергійович Портной, Сергій Анатолійович Кантор та Ігор Петрович Єсін. "ОЦІНКА ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ГЛИБОКОГО ОХОЛОДЖЕННЯ ПОВІТРЯ НА ВХОДІ ГТУ ТЕПЛОВИКОРИСТОВУЮЧИМИ ХОЛОДИЛЬНИМИ МАШИНАМИ". Aerospace technic and technology, № 6 (24 грудня 2019): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2019.6.02.

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Анотація:

Significant fluctuations in the current temperature and relative humidity of the ambient air lead to significant changes in the heat load on the air cooling system at the inlet of the gas turbine unit, which urgently poses the problem of choosing their design heat load, as well as evaluating the efficiency of the air cooling system for a certain period of time. The efficiency of deep air cooling at the inlet of gas turbine units was studied with a change during July 2015–2018 for climatic conditions of operation at the compressor station Krasnopolie, Dnepropetrovsk region (Ukraine). For air cooling, the use of a waste heat recovery chiller, which transforms the heat of exhaust gases of gas turbine units into the cold, has been proposed. The efficiency of air cooling at the inlet of gas turbine units for different temperatures has been analyzed: down to 15 °C – an absorption lithium-bromide chiller, which is used as the first high-temperature stage for pre-cooling of ambient air, and down to 10 °C – a combined absorption-ejector chiller (with using a refrigerant low-temperature air cooler as the second stage of air cooling). The effect of air-cooling was assessed by comparing the increase in the production of mechanical energy as a result of an increase in the power of a gas turbine unit and fuel saved during the month of July for 2015-2018 in accumulating. Deeper air cooling at the inlet of the gas turbine unit to a temperature of 10 °C in a combined absorption-ejector chiller compared to its traditional cooling to 15 °C in an absorption bromine-lithium chiller provides a greater increase in net power and fuel saved. It is shown that due to a slight discrepancy between the results obtained for 2015-2018, a preliminary assessment of the efficiency of air cooling at the inlet of gas turbine plants can be carried out for one year.

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Радченко, Микола Іванович, Ян Зонмін, Сергій Анатолійович Кантор та Богдан Сергійович Портной. "ОЦІНКА ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ГЛИБОКОГО ОХОЛОДЖЕННЯ ПОВІТРЯ НА ВХОДІ ГАЗОТУРБІННИХ УСТАНОВОК В РІЗНИХ КЛІМАТИЧНИХ УМОВАХ". Aerospace technic and technology, № 1 (7 березня 2019): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2019.1.05.

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Анотація:

The efficiency of deep air cooling at the inlet of gas turbine units of a simple scheme has been investigated for changed climatic conditions of operation during the month. For air cooling, the application of waste heat recovery chiller has been proposed, which transform the heat of exhaust gases of gas turbine units into the cold. The efficiency of air cooling at the inlet of gas turbine units to different temperatures has been analyzed: to 15°C – an absorption lithium-bromide chiller, which is used as the first high-temperature pre-cooling stage of ambient air and down to 10°C – a combined absorption-ejector chiller, which acts as the second low-temperature stage. The air cooling efficiency is compared for different climatic conditions using the example of Yuzhnoukrainsk (Ukraine) and Shanghai (China). The climate peculiarity of Shanghai is the high relative humidity of the air, respectively, and its moisture contents at the same time its high temperatures. As indicators for assessing the effectiveness of air cooling at the inlet of gas turbine units down to 15°C in an absorption lithium-bromide chiller and deep air cooling to 10ºС, in a combined absorption-ejector chiller used an increase in useful power and a reduction in specific fuel consumption. It is shown that, through extremely different thermal and humidity parameters of ambient air, it is cooling at the inlet of gas turbine units for the climatic conditions of Ukraine provides the current increase in useful power by 10...15%, and for the climatic conditions of China – 18…22%. However, it should be noted that deeper air cooling at the inlet of the gas turbine unite to a temperature of 10°C in a combined absorption-ejector chiller compared to its traditional cooling to 15°C in an absorption lithium-bromide chiller provides an increase in useful power for a temperate climate of Ukraine (for example, Yuzhnoukrainsk) by 70...90%, whereas for tropical climatic conditions of China (Shanghai) – by 30...35%.

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Novotny, Vaclav, David J. Szucs, Jan Špale, Hung-Yin Tsai, and Michal Kolovratnik. "Absorption Power and Cooling Combined Cycle with an Aqueous Salt Solution as a Working Fluid and a Technically Feasible Configuration." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 21, 2021): 3715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123715.

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Анотація:

Combined systems for power production and thermally activated cooling have a high potential for improving the efficiency and utilisation of thermal systems. In this regard, various configurations have been proposed and are comprehensively reviewed. They are primarily based on absorption systems and the implementation of multiple levels of complexity and flexibility. The configuration of the absorption power and cooling combined cycle proposed herein has wide commercial applicability owing to its simplicity. The configuration of the components is not new. However, the utilisation of aqueous salt solutions, the comparison with ammonia chiller and with absorption power cycles, the focus on parameters that are important for real-life applications, and the comparison of the performances for constant heat input and waste heat recovery are novel. The proposed cycle is also compared with a system based on the organic Rankine cycle and vapour compression cycle. An investigation of its performance proves that the system is suitable for a given range of boundary conditions from a thermodynamic standpoint, as well as in terms of system complexity and technical feasibility. New possibilities with regard to added power production have the potential to improve the economics and promote the use of absorption chiller systems.

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Ekwonu, M. C., Simon Perry, and E. A. Oyedoh. "Modelling and Simulation of Trigeneration Systems Integrated with Gas Engines." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 15 (April 2015): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.15.18.

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In this paper, the integration of Gas Engines with the Rankine cycle and Organic Rankine cycle for use as a combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system was investigated. The gas engine model, Organic Rankine Cycle model, Rankine Cycle model and single effect absorption chiller model were developed in Aspen HYSYS V7.3®. The system performance of the combination of the Rankine Cycle and Organic Rankine Cycle was investigated with two different configurations. The series and parallel combination of Rankine and Organic Rankine Cycle integration with the gas engine showed an increase of 7% and 15% respectively both in the overall system efficiency and power generated. The trigeneration system provided a cooling duty of 18.6 kW, a heating duty of 704 kW to a district heating system with 3.9 MW of power generated and an overall trigeneration efficiency of 70%. The system also gave a 9% increase in the power generated when compared to the gas engine without waste heat recovery whilst bottoming with Rankine cycle, Organic Rankine cycle and Absorption refrigeration system.Keywords: Modelling, Trigeneration, Gas Engines, Waste Heat Recovery, Rankine Cycle, Organic Rankine Cycle.

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Semmari, Hamza, Abdelkader Filali, Sofiane Aberkane, Renaud Feidt, and Michel Feidt. "Flare Gas Waste Heat Recovery: Assessment of Organic Rankine Cycle for Electricity Production and Possible Coupling with Absorption Chiller." Energies 13, no. 9 (May 4, 2020): 2265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092265.

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Every year, flare gas is responsible for more than 350 million tons of CO2 emissions. Aside from thermal and environmental pollution impacts, flare gas contributes to global warming and enormous economic losses. Thus, waste heat recovery due to flaring gas can be explored through Organic Rankine Cycle ORC systems for electricity production. In this context, the assessment of a toluene ORC system is proposed for a potential application in an Algerian petrochemical unit. The study focuses mainly on highlighting the potential and thermodynamic performances of the ORC application to produce electricity and potential cooling thanks to coupling an absorption chiller by recovering heat due to flaring gas. Such a solution can easily be implemented as an energy efficiency key solution. The ORC electrical production can meet the increasing demand of natural gas initially intended to be provided to a gas power plant and assures the major part of the Algerian electrical production.

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30

Lillo, Gianluca, Rita Mastrullo, Alfonso William Mauro, Raniero Trinchieri, and Luca Viscito. "Thermo-Economic Analysis of a Hybrid Ejector Refrigerating System Based on a Low Grade Heat Source." Energies 13, no. 3 (January 23, 2020): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030562.

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The rising of the global energy demand requires the use of alternative energy conversion systems employing renewable sources. In the refrigeration and air conditioning fields, heat driven ejector systems represent a promising way to produce the cooling effect by using available low-grade temperature sources. In this paper, a thermo-economic analysis of a waste heat recovery hybrid ejector cycle (WHRHEC) was carried out. A thermodynamic model was firstly developed to simulate a WHRHEC able to obtain chilled water with a cooling load of 20 kW, by varying the working fluids and the pinch point values in the heat exchangers. Specific single- and two-phase heat transfer correlations were used to estimate the heat transfer surface and therefore the investment costs. The operative ranges that provide a reasonable compromise between the set-up costs and the cycle performances were then defined and compared to the current waste heat-driven technologies, such as absorption chillers and organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) coupled with vapor compression cycles (VCCs). The last part of the paper presents an economic analysis providing the map of the design (plant size) and contingent (specific cost of energy, waste heat availability) variables that lead to the economic convenience of a WHRHEC system when integrated to a conventional VCC plant.

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Borri, Emiliano, Alessio Tafone, Gabriele Comodi, and Alessandro Romagnoli. "Improving liquefaction process of microgrid scale Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) through waste heat recovery (WHR) and absorption chiller." Energy Procedia 143 (December 2017): 699–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.12.749.

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Anand, Gopalakrishnan, Donald C. Erickson, and Ellen Makar. "Subfreezing Absorption Refrigeration for Industrial CHP." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 26, no. 04 (December 2018): 1850033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132518500335.

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The design and operation of an advanced absorption refrigeration unit (Thermochiller) as part of an industrial combined heat and power (CHP) system is presented. The unit is installed at a vegetable processing plant in Santa Maria, California. The overall integrated system includes the engine package with waste heat recovery, Thermochiller, cooling tower, and chilling load interface. The unique feature of the system is that both the exhaust and jacket heat are used to supply subfreezing refrigeration. To achieve the low refrigeration temperatures of interest to industrial applications, all components of this integrated system needed careful consideration and optimization. The CHP system has a low emission natural gas-fired 633[Formula: see text]kW reciprocating engine cogeneration package. Both the exhaust heat and jacket heat are recovered and delivered via a hot glycol loop with 105[Formula: see text]C supply temperature and 80[Formula: see text]C return. The 125 ton ammonia absorption chiller (TC125) chills propylene glycol to [Formula: see text]C and has a coefficient of performance of 0.63. TC125 has peak electric demand of 10[Formula: see text]kW for pumps and 8[Formula: see text]kW for the cooling tower fan. The CHP system, including TC125, operates 20[Formula: see text]h per day, six days per week. All operations of TC125 are completely automatic and autonomous, including startups and shutdowns. Industrial refrigeration is typically a 24/7 load and highly energy-intensive. By converting all the engine waste heat to subfreezing refrigeration, Thermochiller brings added value to cogeneration or CHP projects.

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Cavalcanti, Eduardo J. C., João Victor M. Ferreira, and Monica Carvalho. "Research on a Solar Hybrid Trigeneration System Based on Exergy and Exergoenvironmental Assessments." Energies 14, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 7560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227560.

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The environmental performance of a combined cooling, heating, and power system is analyzed in this study at a component-level using a SPECO-based exergoenvironmental analysis. The engine consumes natural gas and produces 168.6 kW net power. The waste heat is recovered by a LiBr-H2O absorption chiller and a heat exchanger, which are used for cooling and heating purposes. The energy system is assisted by a solar field. An environmental Life Cycle Assessment quantifies the environmental impacts of the system, and these data are combined with exergy evaluations. The highest total environmental impact rate, 23,740.16 mPt/h, is related to the internal combustion engine, of which pollutant formation is the primary source of environmental impact. Compared with a non-renewable energy system, the solar-assisted trigeneration system decreased the environmental impact per exergy unit of chilled water by 10.99%. Exergoenvironmental performance can be further improved by enhancing the exergy efficiency of the solution pump and high-pressure generator (HG), and by employing a treatment to remove nitrogen oxides in the reciprocating engine.

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Garimella, Srinivas. "Low-grade waste heat recovery for simultaneous chilled and hot water generation." Applied Thermal Engineering 42 (September 2012): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.07.051.

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Nguyen, Xuan Vien. "Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Cold Thermal Energy Storage Tanks Operating in Water Chiller Air Conditioning System." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 9, 2021): 4159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144159.

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In this study, cold and thermal storage systems were designed and manufactured to operate in combination with the water chiller air-conditioning system of 105.5 kW capacity, with the aim of reducing operating costs and maximizing energy efficiency. The cold storage tank used a mixture of water and 10 wt.% glycerin as a phase-change material (PCM), while water was used as heat transfer fluid (HTF). The cold storage heat exchanger was made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). On the other hand, the thermal storage tank used water as the storage fluid with a capacity of 50 L of hot water per hour. The thermal storage did not use a pump for water transfer through the heat exchanger, so as to save energy and operating costs. In this paper, the operating parameters of the cold and thermal storage tanks are shown according to the results of experimental research, including the temperatures of cooling and heating load, heat transfer fluid, and cold storage material during the discharge process, as well as the discharge duration. The system assisted the air conditioner in cooling the internship workshop space at the university with an area of 400 m2, contributing to a remarkable reduction in air-conditioning system operating costs during the daytime. Furthermore, the system recovered waste heat from the compressor of the water chiller, and a thermal storage system was successfully built and operated, providing 50 L of hot water at a temperature of 60 °C per hour to serve the everyday needs of school students. This design was suitable for the joint operation of cold and thermal storage tanks and the water chiller air-conditioning system for cooling and heating applications.

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Портной, Богдан Сергійович. "КОМП’ЮТЕРНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПРОЦЕСІВ ОХОЛОДЖЕННЯ ПОВІТРЯ НА ВХОДІ ГАЗОТУРБІННОЇ УСТАНОВКИ З ВИЗНАЧЕННЯМ ЙОГО РАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ШВИДКОСТІ В ПОВІТРООХОЛОДЖУВАЧІ". RADIOELECTRONIC AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS, № 3 (30 жовтня 2018): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/reks.2018.3.04.

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It is proposed to determine the rational velocity of air flow through the air coolers of a stepped a waste heat-recovery absorption-ejector chiller utilizing the heat of exhaust gases of a gas turbine unit to cool the air at the inlet, by computer simulation of air processes processing. Whereas the result of air cooling depends on the efficiency of the air coolers at the inlet of the gas turbine unit, it is proposed to determine it as an increase in the specific fuel economy, which consider both the cooling depth (the magnitude of the temperature decrease) of the air and the air resistance of the air cooler, which significantly affects the efficiency of operation cooling devices. On the example of air cooling at the inlet of a gas turbine unit has been analyzed the value of specific fuel economy by cooling the air at the inlet to a temperature of 10 °C in a two-stage absorption-ejector chiller, depending on the rational airflow rate through the cooling units (air coolers). The efficiency of the air coolers at different air flow rates has been analyzed.It is shown that proceeding from the different rate of increment in the specific fuel economy caused by the change in the rational velocity of air flow through the air coolers of chillers, it is necessary to choose a design (rational) the rational velocity of air flow that ensures the achievement of a maximum or close to the maximum increase in the specific fuel economy at relatively high rates increments. In order to determine the established the rational velocity of air flow through the air coolers, which provides the maximum increment of the specific fuel economy, the dependence of the increment of the specific fuel economy on the airflow velocity is analyzed. Based on the results of modeling air cooling processes at the inlet of the gas turbine unit, using software from firms that produce heat exchange equipment, it is proposed to determine the rational velocity of air through the air coolers, which ensures a close maximum specific fuel economy at relatively high rates of its increment

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OSAKABE, Naoki, Ritsu HOMMA, Youichi FUJITA, and Toshihiro ASANUMA. "4511 Development of High Efficient Gas-fired Absorption Chiller/Heater with Auxiliary Cogeneration Exhaust Gas and Waste Hot Water Heat Recovery." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2006.3 (2006): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2006.3.0_135.

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38

Akramian, K., M. Moosavi, and A. Etminan. "Exergy Analysis of Micro Gas Turbine Tri- Generation System." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 6641–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.6641.

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This paper presents exergy analysis of Micro Gas Turbine (MGT) system. It is proposed to use hot MGT exhaust gases heat in a heat recovery steam generator to produce steam. Absorption chillers can help to increase the performance of MGT tri generation plants. MGTs are fuelled with natural gas and their waste heat is used to drive absorption chillers and other thermal energy users. Based on a steady-state model of the processes, exergy flow rates are calculated for all components and a detailed exergy analysis is performed. The components with the highest proportion of irreversibility in these systems are identified and compared.

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Majid, Mohd Amin Abd, Shaharin A. Sulaiman, Idris Ibrahim, and Zuhairi Baharddin. "Causal Model for Peak and Off Peak Waste Heat Recovery for Chilled Water Production." Journal of Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (December 1, 2012): 2636–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2012.2636.2640.

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40

Zhang, Xiao, Liang Cai, and Tao Chen. "Energetic and Exergetic Investigations of Hybrid Configurations in an Absorption Refrigeration Chiller by Aspen Plus." Processes 7, no. 9 (September 10, 2019): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7090609.

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In the present study, a steady-state simulation model was built and validated by Aspen Plus to assess the performance of an absorption refrigeration chiller according to the open literature. Given the complex heat transfer happening in the absorbers and the generator, several assumptions were proposed to simplify the model, for which a new parameter ε l i q was introduced to describe the ratio of possible heat that could be recovered from the absorption and heat-transferring process in the solution cooling absorber. The energetic and the exergetic investigations of a basic cycle and hybrid cycles were conducted, in which the following parameters were analyzed: coefficient of performance (COP), exergetic efficiency, exergy destruction, and irreversibility. According to the results, the basic cycle exhibited major irreversibility in the absorbers and the generator. Subsequently, two proposed novel configurations were adopted to enhance its performance; the first (configuration 1) involved a compressor between a solution heat exchanger and a solution cooling absorber, and the second (configuration 2) involved a compressor between a rectifier and a condenser. The peak COP and the overall exergetic efficiency (η) of configuration 1 were found to be better, increasing by 15% and 5.5%, respectively, and those of configuration 2 were also upregulated by 5% and 4%, respectively. The rise in intermediate compressor ratio not only reduced the driving generator temperature of both configurations but also expanded the operating range of the system under configuration 1, thus proving their feasibility in waste heat sources and the superiority of configuration 1. Detailed information about the optimal state for hybrid cycles is also presented.

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41

Lu, Z. S., and R. Z. Wang. "Performance improvement and comparison of mass recovery in CaCl2/activated carbon adsorption refrigerator and silica gel/LiCl adsorption chiller driven by low grade waste heat." International Journal of Refrigeration 36, no. 5 (August 2013): 1504–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2013.03.008.

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42

Chan, Wai Mun, Yik Teeng Leong, Ji Jinn Foo, and Irene Mei Leng Chew. "Synthesis of energy efficient chilled and cooling water network by integrating waste heat recovery refrigeration system." Energy 141 (December 2017): 1555–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.11.056.

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Li, Bo, Shun-sen Wang, Kai Wang, and Liming Song. "Thermo-economic analysis of a combined cooling, heating and power system based on carbon dioxide power cycle and absorption chiller for waste heat recovery of gas turbine." Energy Conversion and Management 224 (November 2020): 113372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113372.

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44

Sutarsa, I. Wayan, A. A. Krisna Wira Putra, and I. Wayan Widiantara. "PENGARUH MODIFIKASI AC CHILLER YANG MENGGUNAKAN HEAT RECOVERY TERHADAP PERBANDINGAN COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE (COP)." Indonesian Journal of Laboratory 2, no. 1 (April 9, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijl.v2i1.54175.

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AC chiller merupakan salah satu jenis sistem tata udara dengan pendinginan tidak langsung karena sistem pendinginannya tidak mendinginkan udara secara langsung tetapi melalui media air, yang terlebih dahulu didinginkan oleh sitem refrigerasi. Air yang telah dingin disirkulasikan ke ruangan dengan pompa ke FCU (Fan Coil Unit) atau AHU ( Air Handling Unit). Di dalam sistem refrigerasi, dilakukan modifikasi dengan penambahan komponen Heat recovery, yang dipasang untuk percepat pelepasan panas refrigerant di saluran keluaran Kompresor dan sebelum masuk kondensor pada sistem AC chiller. Penelitian ini membandingkan performansi AC chiller dengan heat recovery dan yang tidak. Pengujian dilakukan sebanyak satu kali pengambilan data. pertama dilakukan pada sistem AC chiller sebelum penambahan komponen heat recovery, yang kedua dilakukan pada sistem AC chiller sesudah penambahan heat recovery. Kedua pengujian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan nilai performansi kerja atau Coefficient Of Performance (COP). Pengujian dilakukan dengan cara pengambilan data secara langsung di sistem terhadap tekanan refrigerant, temperature dan daya listrik.Hasil modifikasi menunjukkan sistem dapat berjalan dengan baik dan hasil pengujian menunjukkan performansi sistem dengan heat recovery hasilnya lebih baik sampai 8, sedangkan yang tidak hanya sampai 6,4. dapat disimpulkan bahwa AC chiller yang ditambahkan dengan komponen heat recovery dapat meningkatkan kinerja dari sistem tersebutKata kunci : AC Chiller, heat recovery, Coefficient Of Performance (COP).

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45

Habib, Khairul. "Performance Study of Waste Heat Driven Pressurized Adsorption Chiller." Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.380.

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This article presents a transient modeling and performance of a waste heat driven pressurized adsorption chiller. This innovative adsorption chiller employs pitch based activated carbon of type Maxsorb III as adsorbent and R507A as refrigerant as adsorbent-refrigerant pair. This chiller utilizes low-grade heat source to power the cycle. A parametric study has been presented where the effects of adsorption/desorption cycle time, switching time and regeneration temperature on the performance are reported in terms of cooling capacity and coefficient of performance (COP). Results indicate that the adsorption chiller is feasible even when low-temperature heat source is available.

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46

Saha, Bidyut Baran, Ibrahim Ibrahim El-Sharkawy, Shigeru Koyama, Jong Boong Lee, and Ken Kuwahara. "Waste Heat Driven Multi-Bed Adsorption Chiller: Heat Exchangers Overall Thermal Conductance on Chiller Performance." Heat Transfer Engineering 27, no. 5 (June 2006): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01457630600560742.

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47

Ariful Kabir, K. M., Rifat A. Rouf, M. M. A. Sarker, K. C. Amanul Alam, and Bidyut B. Saha. "Improvement of COP with Heat Recovery Scheme for Solar Adsorption Cooling System." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 26, no. 02 (June 2018): 1850016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132518500165.

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Heat recovery ensures optimum usage of the collected energy, and thus, minimizes heat loss for a solar adsorption chiller. Two-bed adsorption chiller with conventional single stage, run by direct solar coupling with heat recovery, has been studied mathematically. In a heat recovery adsorption refrigeration system, to facilitate heat transfer, heat transfer fluid is distributed between two adsorbers maintaining the same mass flow rate. There is no mass transfer between system components during this phase. It is a semi-continuous system performed between two adsorption beds. After completion of desorption/condensation mode, heat transfer fluid is allowed to circulate between the heated desorber and the cooled adsorber. This process distributes some heat of the desorption bed to the adsorber preparing it for the next preheating mode where heat transfer between them is done adiabatically. Consequently, the performance has been checked and a satisfactory increase in the Coefficient of Performance (COP) (approximately 15%) has been detected in the calculated results for the heat recovery operation. It is also observed that the heat recovery process enhances the working hour and overall performances of the solar heat driven adsorption chiller.

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48

Pile, David F. P. "Waste-heat recovery." Nature Photonics 12, no. 9 (August 29, 2018): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41566-018-0247-8.

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49

Zolkowski, Jerry T. "Waste Heat Recovery." Energy Engineering 106, no. 5 (September 2009): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01998590909594544.

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50

Yabase, Hajime, and Akira Hirai. "Solar Air-Conditioning System Using Single-Double Effect Combined Absorption Chiller." Applied Mechanics and Materials 388 (August 2013): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.388.133.

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We developed a single-double effect combined absorption chiller for "Solar air-conditioning system" . This chiller is composed of a highly-efficient gas absorption chiller as a main machine which are equipped with a solar heat recovery unit comprising a heat recovery heat exchanger and special condenser. It enables low temp. solar hot water at 75°C under operation at the cooling rating of load factor: 100%. And we constructed the demonstration plant in Japan. We confirmed that the solar heat priority usage function and gas-based backup function operate properly and overall system functions normally. In summer, fuel gas reduction by 10% could be achieved and the results as estimated were obtained.

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