Дисертації з теми "Waste combustion heat"
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Sørum, Lars. "Environmental aspects of municipal solid waste combustion." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1488.
Повний текст джерелаMears, Kevin S. "Water distillation using waste engine heat from an internal combustion engine." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36725.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (leaf 36).
To meet the needs of forward deployed soldiers and disaster relief personnel, a mobile water distillation system was designed and tested. This system uses waste engine heat from the exhaust flow of an internal combustion engine to vaporize water for the purpose of removing impurities. The vapor is condensed back down to water in a finned condenser that experiences forced convection. The system pumps heat transfer oil through a 0.61 meter long, cross flow, annulus-type heat exchanger installed over a section of exhaust pipe where the oil experiences a AT of 7°C. The hot heat transfer oil is then piped to a boiler where it releases its heat to the water and returns to the exhaust heat exchanger to be reheated. Testing demonstrated that the system has a heat up time of 30 minutes, and a steady state distillation rate of 2 gallons per hour. In steady state, the system removes and transfers heat from the exhaust at a rate of 4600 Watts.
by Kevin S. Mears.
S.B.
Gewald, Daniela [Verfasser]. "Waste heat recovery of stationary internal combustion engines for power generation / Daniela Gewald." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1045987735/34.
Повний текст джерелаOwen, Ross P. "Modeling, Analysis, and Open-Loop Control of an Exhaust Heat Recovery System for Automotive Internal Combustion Engines." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1316012649.
Повний текст джерелаMilkov, Nikolay. "Waste heat recovery from the exhaust gases of a diesel engine by means of Rankine cycle." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1149/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis study is motivated by the environment protection and the reduction of emissions CO2 from internal combustion engines. The aim of the thesis is to study the possibilities of fuel consumption reduction of a diesel engine intended for a passenger car by means of waste heat recovery from exhaust gases based on thermodynamic cycle (Rankine cycle). In order to determine the waste heat, the engine was tested on a test bench as the exhaust parameters were measured. A simulation model of the engine has also been developed and validated by means of experimental results. The recovery potential of the exhaust gases and the cooling system has been estimated. This analysis revealed that the waste heat recovery potential of the exhaust gases is higher that the cooling sys-tem. By means of Rankine cycle numerical model and experimental test, the output power and efficiency of the Rankine cycle were studied. Finally, the impact of the heat recovery system on engine performance was studied. The results revealed that the engine power increases by 4.3% at the operating point which corresponds to the maximum engine power
Това изследване е мотивирано от опазването на околната среда и намаляването на емисиите на CO2 от двигателите с вътрешно горене. Целта на дисертацията е да проучи възможнос-тите за намаляване на разхода на гориво на дизелов двигател, предназначен за лек автомо-бил, чрез рекупериране на енергия с цикъл на Ранкин. За да се определи неоползотворената енергия в отработилите газове бе използван изпитателен стенд. Симулационен модел на двигателя е разработен и валидиран чрез експерименталните резултати. Направена е оценка на потенциала за рекупериране на енергия от отработилите газове и охладителната система. Този анализ показва, че потенциала за рекупериране е по-голям в изпускателната система. С помощта на експериментален стенд и числен модел на цикъла на Ранкин са установени мощността и ефективността на системата. Въздействието на системата за рекупериране на енергия е изследвано. Данните показват, че мощността на двигателя се увеличава с до 4,3%
Soleimanikutanaei, Soheil. "Modelling, Design, and Optimization of Membrane based Heat Exchangers for Low-grade Heat and Water Recovery." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3921.
Повний текст джерелаSham, Devin Krishna. "Analysis of exhaust waste heat recovery techniques from stationary power generation engines using organic rankine cycles." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11072008-123311.
Повний текст джерелаAlshammari, Fuhaid. "Radial turbine expander design, modelling and testing for automotive organic Rankine cycle waste heat recovery." Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16007.
Повний текст джерелаReddick, J. Christopher. "Energy improvements in the post-combustion CO2 capture process by means of ejectors." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10136.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract : The main goal of the doctoral project is to determine to what extent the optimal integration of single-phase ejectors might reduce the large amount of energy required to capture carbon dioxide from electric power generation facilities. More specifically, the objective is to determine if ejectors can be advantageously integrated into a post-combustion absorption/desorption carbon dioxide (CO2) capture process using monoethanolamine (MEA). The integrated ejectors will use waste heat of 100 °C from the electric power plant. The upgraded waste heat can partially replace valuable turbine steam that would otherwise be taken from the power plant. The second objective of the thesis is to experimentally evaluate the performance of a steam ejector where the ejector secondary fluid is a mixture of steam and a non-condensable gas, in this case CO2. Two steam ejector nozzles, of 4.60 mm and 4.23 mm diameter, were evaluated over a range of secondary fluid CO2 levels, up to 42% by mass. The primary pressure was maintained at 450 kPa with 10 °C superheat and the secondary pressure was 70 kPa. It was found that the critical exit pressure did not change as the mass fraction of CO2 in the secondary fluid increased. The entrainment ratio, however, increased approximately linearly over the experimental range. An improvement of 23% in the entrainment ratio, as compared with pure steam, was found when the secondary fluid contains 42% CO2 by mass. This behaviour is in sharp contrast to the experimentally observed behaviour of a pure steam ejector, where an increase in entrainment ratio comes at the expense of a decrease in the ejector exit critical pressure. Three published papers investigated various scenarios for the integration of a steam injector into an absorption/desorption post-combustion capture process. The reference solvent was 20% weight monoethanolamine (MEA). Three principal configurations were studied, according to the choice for the liquid flow used to produce the ejector secondary steam: ejector on condensate, ejector on lean or ejector on rich. The first journal publication focused on the desorption process and presented a shortcut method based on CO2-MEA-H2O equilibrium vapour liquid data. The simulations revealed reductions in the required amount of valuable energy from 10 to 25%. A commercial process simulator, Aspen Plus, was used for two other publications. In the second journal publication, the kinetic rate-based module was employed to model the absorber and desorber, providing energy evaluations closer to values in the open literature. A study was included comparing preheating the primary steam with waste heat or by heat integration. The rate-based simulation found valuable energy savings of 10 to 14%, with the "ejector on condensate" and "ejector on lean" again being the advantageous scenarios.
Kleut, Petar. "Recuperation of the exhaust gases energy using a Brayton cycle machine." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/76807.
Повний текст джерелаÚltimamente los fabricantes de automóviles se han puesto el gran reto de reducir la emisión de CO2 en la totalidad de sus flotas. Las nuevas normativas para la reducción de las emisiones contaminantes limitan los medios para lograr los objetivos deseados en la emisión de CO2 porque algunas de las soluciones que llevan a la reducción en la emisión de CO2 también dan lugar a un incremento en la emisión de otros contaminantes. La recuperación de calor residual (WHR) podría ser una buena solución para reducir las emisiones de CO2 del motor de combustión interna (ICE) sin poner en peligro la emisión de contaminantes. En la presente Tesis se analizaron diferentes estrategias de WHR y se concluyó que sería interesante estudiar más a fondo la máquina de ciclo Brayton. El Ciclo Brayton de Aire (ABC) permite recuperar una parte del calor de los gases de escape del ICE y transformar este calor en energía mecánica. La energía mecánica recuperada se devuelve al cigüeñal del ICE, reduciendo de ese modo la cantidad de energía que tiene que ser liberada por la combustión del combustible, lo cual permite reducir el consumo de combustible y las emisiones de CO2. En esta Tesis se estudia el ABC mediante un análisis del ciclo ideal con el fin de obtener el máximo teórico del sistema. El modelo se mejora con un análisis del ciclo semi-ideal donde se tienen en cuenta todas las pérdidas mediante el uso de dos coeficientes generales. Este análisis muestra que para el motor diesel la eficiencia del ciclo ABC es muy baja debido a la baja temperatura del gas de escape. Para el motor de gasolina el ciclo podría ser viable cuando el ICE está trabajando bajo condiciones estacionarias y una carga mayor. Estas condiciones se podrían cumplir cuando el vehículo está circulando en autopista. El análisis detallado de este ciclo tiene como objetivo determinar las pérdidas principales de ciclo. Las pérdidas principales se identificaron como: las pérdidas de bombeo, las pérdidas causadas por la transferencia de calor y las pérdidas mecánicas. Teniendo en cuenta estas pérdidas principales junto con otras pérdidas directas e indirectas, se concluyó que el ciclo no es viable para los tipos de máquinas WHR que fueron considerados en este estudio. Para que el ciclo sea viable se tiene que buscar alguna otra máquina existente o un nuevo tipo de máquina que reduzca las principales pérdidas y ofrezca un buen rendimiento isentrópico y mecánico para las condiciones deseadas.
Últimament els fabricants d'automòbils s'han posat el gran repte de reduir l'emissió de CO2 de la totalitat de les seues flotes. Les noves normatives de reducció de les emissions contaminants limiten els mitjans per assolir els objectius desitjats d'emissió de CO2 perquè algunes de les solucions que porten a la reducció en l'emissió de CO2 també donen lloc a un increment a l'emissió de altres contaminants. La recuperació de calor residual (WHR) podria ser una bona solució per reduir les emissions de CO2 del motor de combustió interna (ICE) sense posar en perill l'emissió de contaminants. En la present Tesi s'han analitzat diferents estratègies WHR i es va concloure que seria interessant estudiar més a fons el cicle Brayton. El Cicle Brayton d'Aire (ABC) representa una manera de recuperar una part de la calor dels gasos d'escapament de l'ICE i transformar calor a l'energia mecànica. L'energia mecànica recuperada es retorna al cigonyal de l'ICE reduint d'aquesta manera la quantitat d'energia que ha de ser alliberada per la combustió del combustible permitint la reducció del consum de combustible i les emissions de CO2. En aquesta Tesi s'ha començat estudiant un ABC amb una anàlisi del cicle ideal per tal d'obtenir el màxim teòric del sistema. Este model es millora amb una anàlisi del cicle semiideal on es tenen en compte totes les pèrdues amb tan sols dos coeficients d'eficiència. Aquesta anàlisi va mostrar que per al motor dièsel l'eficiència del cicle ABC és molt baixa a causa de la baixa temperatura del gas d'escapament. Per al motor de gasolina el cicle podria ser viable quan l'ICE està treballant sota condicions estacionàries i una càrrega més gran. Aquestes condicions es podrien complir quan el vehicle està circulant en autopista. L'anàlisi detallada del cicle va tenir com a objectiu determinar les pèrdues principals de cicle. Les pèrdues principals es van identificar com: les pèrdues de bombament, les pèrdues causades per la transferència de calor i les pèrdues mecàniques. Tenint en compte aquestes pèrdues principals juntament amb altres pèrdues directes i indirectes, es va concloure que el cicle no és viable per als tipus de màquines WHR que van ser considerats en aquest estudi. Perquè el cicle puga ser viable s'ha de buscar alguna altra màquina existent o un nou tipus de màquina que puga reduir les principals pèrdues i puga oferir un bon rendiment isentròpic i mecànic per a les condicions desitjades.
Kleut, P. (2016). Recuperation of the exhaust gases energy using a Brayton cycle machine [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/76807
TESIS
Simonetti, Marco. "Study of convective heat transfer phenomena for turbulent pulsating flows in pipes." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2057/document.
Повний текст джерелаWaste Energy Recovery represents a promising way to go further in fuel saving and greenhouse emissions control for Internal Combustion Engine applications. Although several technologies have been investigated in the past few years, the convective heat transfers, playing an important role in the energy exchanges at the engine exhaust, has not receive enough attention. Heat transfers, in such applications, occur in pulsating conditions because of the engine operating conditions, making thus the actual knowledge of the heat transfer phenomena limited and not exploitable. Nowadays there is not any model capable to predict convective heat transfers for pulsating flows. In this context, the present thesis addresses the purpose to study the convective heat transfer phenomena, by an experimental approach, occurring for turbulent pulsating flows in pipes. In the first part of this work, an experimental apparatus has been designed to reproduce an exhaust type pulsating flow in fully managed conditions, as well as, several measurement techniques have been developed to know the instantaneous profiles of air temperature and velocity. Many experiments have been performed in order to characterize the impact of the flow pulsation on the convective heat transfers. In the second part of this work, the experimental results have been analyzed with two different approaches: firstly, with a 1D assumption the time-average convective heat transfers has been computed, and the major mechanism responsible of the heat transfer enhancement has been pointed out. Furthermore, it has been possible to highlight the mathematical term representative of such mechanism, which should be accounted in future to define a more adapted numerical model for the heat transfer prediction. In a second phase with a 2D assumption, and, with an energy and a fluid-mechanic computational phase, the radial transport of thermal energy has been characterized for a pulsating flow
Nour, Eddine Ali. "Modélisation et optimisation d’un système de récupération d’énergie à l’échappement des moteurs de navires en utilisant la thermoélectricité (effet Seebeck)." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECDN0029/document.
Повний текст джерелаThermoelectric energy (TE) harvesting (Seebeck effect)is a promising solution for waste heat recovery onboard ocean-going ships. On one hand, the marine Diesel engines reach around 400-450°C temperature at the turbocharger exhaust, corresponding to around 200-300°C on the hot side thermoelectric module (TEM)temperature, which is interesting according to recent studies on intermediate temperatures TE materials. In addition, seawater is available in abundance at low temperature, and represents an excellent heat sink. On the other hand, engine fuel consumption accounts today almost 50 % of ship operational costs; hence, a slight reduction of fuel consumption generates significant financial savings over the year.The objective of the Thesis is to understand and analyze the operation of a thermoelectric heat exchanger, especially in the presence of pulsations and to optimize the thermoelectric generator (TEG). Several test campaigns leading to different thermal and electrical measurement have been conducted. The campaigns were set up on three different test benches designed and fabricated during the thesis. The aim of these tests was to optimize the type of TEM’s and heat exchangers for Diesel engine application by investigating it’s the performances on engine operating points. In a second step, the effects of exhaust gas composition and pulsation flow on the TEG performances were investigated. A simulation model was developed to model the operation of a TEG. Tests were conducted to calibrate the simulation model
Bouše, Richard. "Paroplynové zařízení se vznětovým spalovacím motorem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-378720.
Повний текст джерелаJurek, Roman. "Návrh dvoutlakého horizontálního kotle na odpadní teplo za plynovou turbinu na zemní plyn." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231223.
Повний текст джерелаBa, Abou. "Oxycombustion avec préchauffage des réactifs pour la valorisation des gaz à bas pouvoir calorifique." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR006/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe effective utilisation of low calorific value fuel, as gaseous by-products of coal/biomass or industrial residual gases, provides not only excellent opportunities for low cost power generation but also for the reduction of environmental impact of combustion. The present work aims to consider the combination of oxyfuel combustion with fuel and/or oxygen preheating in order to increase thermal efficiency by heat recovery and enhance oxyfuel flame stabilization of blast furnace gas (BFG). This experimental study is performed with a burner consisting in an annular jet of BFG surrounded by two injections of oxygen (internal 'O2i' and external 'O2e'). Its dimensions are determined from an original design strategy based on an experimentally critical Damköhler number Dac*, which represents the theoretical limit of stabilisation of a turbulent diffusion BFG-O2 flame with preheated reactants. Flames structures are characterized by OH* chemiluminescence imaging. Thermal and chemical flame properties are evaluated by temperature and radiative flux analysis and pollutant emissions measurements. The 2D aerodynamic fields of reactive flows are determined by velocity measurements by PIV. Four LCV flames structures are resulting from this burner configuration. Without preheating, two concentric flames, internal 'O2i-BFG' and external 'BFG-O2e', are anchored at the burner (Type A) at low thermal power. When increasing the latter, the external flame BFG-O2e manifests some local fluctuations (Type B) or is lifted-off (Type C). With reactants preheating, the BFG-O2e flame is always anchored at the burner tip and the O2i-BFG flame could have local extinction zone for very high values of internal oxygen velocity (Type D). The results highlight a good agreement between theoretical and experimental critical velocity UC* which significantly increases with preheating. The aerodynamics study points out the transitions between the different flames structures. At semi-industrial scale, flames show similar structures to those obtained at laboratory scale. This validates the burner design strategy of preheated oxyfuel combustion adapted to LCV fuels, as well as the scale up criteria used
Horký, Lukáš. "Kotle na spalování biomasy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227924.
Повний текст джерелаDanel, Quentin. "Étude numérique et expérimentale d'un cycle de Rankine-Hirn de faible puissance pour la récupération d'énergie." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CNAM1091/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis research was motivated by environmental constraints which impose a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of the thesis was to explore the possibility of reducing the consumption of an internal combustion engine using a bottom waste heat recovery system. The study focused on waste heat recovery for low power installations. The Rankine cycle technology was selected to exploit the heat source. An experimental test bench was designed and set up. A hot gas generator simulates an internal combustion engine. Part of the thermal power is absorbed by the evaporator and partially converted into mechanical power. The heat exchanger and piston expander were designed and built in-house. A numerical static model with experimental validation of the evaporator was developed. The model was used to explore the performances of the Rankine cycle over a large operating range. Under restrictive hypotheses, the numerical model showed that is possible to reduce the consumption of a tractor by about 3 to 4 %. A piston expander dynamic model was developed to assist in sizing the expander. The model was used to define a piston expander concept with a simple distribution mechanism. Although a classical distribution mechanism offers better performances, this concept is promising for systems that are simple, small-scale and low-cost
Lin, Kaobin, and 林國斌. "Feasibility Evaluation On Recovery Of Waste Heat Of Combustion Via Disposing Ammunitions." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74469183745067006794.
Повний текст джерела國防大學理工學院
化學工程碩士班
100
In this study, the feasibility of cogeneration, with the use of disposing ammunition as fuels, was designed and finished to carry out the combustion experiments by using tri-nitro toluene (TNT), cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), and single-base propellant (SBP) as the testing samples. The burning phenomena and gaseous products could be observed and measured simultaneously. Moreover, these samples were analyzed with differential scanning calorimetry/thermogravimetric analysis(DSC/TGA) and oxygen-bomb calorimeter. Based on the experimental results, it was found that these samples were not suitable for the fuels of cogeneration due to the abundant formation of nitrogen oxide (NOX), high reactivity of volumetric explosion, low released heat of combustion. In order for modifying the combustion characteristics, it is thus suggested that the disposing ammunition may be turned into the refused derived fuels by incorporating other flammable solid wastes such as dry plants, plastic materials, and so on.
Sellassie, Kassahun G. "Study of heat production and transfer in shredded tires /." Diss., 2004. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3154570.
Повний текст джерелаCheng, Yun-Chun, and 鄭云淳. "A Study on Combustion Heats of Combustible Solid Wastes and Their Binary Mixtures." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92883909236301114961.
Повний текст джерела國立屏東科技大學
環境工程與科學系
92
Heating values including higher heating value and lower heating value mean the heats of combustion per unit weight of municipal solid wastes (MSW). Lower heating value of MSW is a basic and important design parameter of incineration system. In 2001, about 61129 tons (21.10%) of wasted plastics in MSW were found in Taiwan. However, it is rare to see relative literatures concerning the studies of the relationship between heating values and mixing ratios of pure matter. In this paper, authors will investigate the effect of mixing ration of plastics on the heating values of their mixtures. An empirical equation regarding elemental compositions of these pure matters will be obtained from a Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 based program. Results point out that most binary mixture of plastics show a linear combination of their identical heating values. Furthermore, PBT/PET, PP/PS, PET/PVC, PEO/PVC and PPO/PVC show a positive deviation relation while PET/PEO and PP/HDPE show a negative deviation relation. Binary mixture of paper and plastic also shows a deviation from linear addition. Heating value behaviors of these pure matters could be a design parameter for preparing the wasted plastics refuses derived fuel, WRDF.