Статті в журналах: "Waste chemical production"

1

Pilip, Larisa V., and Maria E. Kazakova. "Chemical method of eliminating odors in commercial pig production." Butlerov Communications 62, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-62-4-88.

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According to the Federal Waste Classification Catalogue swine manure and slurry are classified as hazardous wastes of class 3. When stored these wastes emit various gases into the atmosphere including greenhouse gases. It is possible to solve this problem by using a chemical approach. For binding pollutants of acidic nature it is proposed to use sodium hypochlorite showing the properties of bases, while for the substances having basic properties it is possible to use sulfuric acid. The distinctive feature of this method is the technology of using the wastes of chemical industry. This paper proposes and justifies the technological scheme of the chemical method for cleaning the air polluted by emissions from industrial pig enterprises. The research was performed under laboratory conditions, taking into account the technological specifics of pig industry. In the course of the study, gravimetric and potentiometric methods were used. The object of the study was native manure obtained from 4-month-old pigs. In the experiment, we used waste sulfuric acid and alkaline solution of sodium hypochlorite produced By "HaloPolymer Kirovo-Chepetsk". The handbook of best available methods in pig industry recommends using low-waste technologies, while it is possible to use waste products from local chemical enterprises for recycling agricultural waste. The technological solution will make it possible to reduce the concentration of odorigenic substances in the air of livestock premises, to eliminate odors from ventilation emissions, to reduce the toxicity of manure effluent and to process toxic fresh pig manure into granular organic fertilizer. The introduction of this scheme into industrial pig farming will dramatically reduce the amount of malodorous animal waste, significantly reduce odor pollution and improve the environmental situation in the areas adjacent to pig farms.

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Kušnierová, Maria, Vladimír Šepelák, and Ol'ga Šestinová. "Bio-chemical methods in wasteprocessing." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-009-0007-0.

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Bio-chemical methods in wasteprocessing The mineral biotechnologies, the domain of which is primary raw material processing, are increasingly diversifying into some metallurgical areas. The presented results of the research carried out with metallurgical wastes from aluminium production, lead waste remaking and desulphurization zinc-ferrite-based sorbents regeneration prove the possibility of the use of bio-chemical methods. The results obtained and the proposed technologies applying bio-chemical processes enable a complex processing and use of waste sludge from aluminium production and the use of wastes from matte-based copper production for the production of hematite pigments. The use of microorganisms in the desulphurization sorbent regeneration processes allows to increase sorbent's efficiency and its repeated recycling.

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Malinowski, Przemysław, Mirosław Olech, Józef Sas, Wiesław Wantuch, Andrzej Biskupski, Leszek Urbańczyk, Mieczysław Borowik, and Jerzy Kotowicz. "Production of compound mineral fertilizers as a method of utilization of waste products in chemical company Alwernia S.A." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 12, no. 3 (January 1, 2010): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-010-0024-z.

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Production of compound mineral fertilizers as a method of utilization of waste products in chemical company Alwernia S.A. The results of investigations on a possible utilization of waste products formed during the production of commercial and food inorganic salts are presented. Application of wastes in the production of compound fertilizers was suggested. The work covered a full research cycle starting from laboratory tests and ending on the production implementation. Fertilizer formulas were developed on the basis of laboratory tests. A possible production of fertilizers of suggested compositions was tested on a pilot plant scale. The compound fertilizer production with the use of waste raw materials was implemented in Chemical Company Alwernia S.A. It reduced the amount of wastes directed to industrial waste site.

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4

Lane, Alan M. "Designing chemical reactors to minimize waste production." Waste Management 13, no. 5-7 (January 1993): 525–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-053x(93)90110-i.

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5

Kascheev, Ivan D., Vladimir I. Zhuchkov, and Oleg V. Zayakin. "Forming and Utilizing Ferrochromium Production Waste." Materials Science Forum 989 (May 2020): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.989.492.

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Analysis of forming chromium-bearing ferroalloys production waste in Russian Federation was performed. Chemical, phase, fractional compositions and physico-chemical, technological properties of high-carbon ferrochromium slag were defined. Physico-chemical, thermo-mechanical and thermo-physical properties of fire-resistant materials, obtained from ferrochromium production slag and dust, were researched. It was shown that researched waste may be utilized as raw for fire-resistant materials production. Because of their chemical and phase composition, researched materials may be utilized for production of forsterite-spinel-based and forsterite-spinel-periclase-based fire-resistant materials. Technological properties of researched materials allow obtaining dense strength fire-resistant materials. Such fire-resistant materials are promising in the field of ferrous metallurgy (lining up furnaces, ladles and overflow launders in ferroalloys production).

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6

Prajapati, Ravindra, Kirtika Kohli, Samir K. Maity, and Brajendra K. Sharma. "Potential Chemicals from Plastic Wastes." Molecules 26, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 3175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113175.

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Plastic is referred to as a “material of every application”. From the packaging and automotive industries to the medical apparatus and computer electronics sectors, plastic materials are fulfilling demands efficiently. These plastics usually end up in landfills and incinerators, creating plastic waste pollution. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in 2015, 9.1% of the plastic materials generated in the U.S. municipal solid waste stream was recycled, 15.5% was combusted for energy, and 75.4% was sent to landfills. If we can produce high-value chemicals from plastic wastes, a range of various product portfolios can be created. This will help to transform chemical industries, especially the petrochemical and plastic sectors. In turn, we can manage plastic waste pollution, reduce the consumption of virgin petroleum, and protect human health and the environment. This review provides a description of chemicals that can be produced from different plastic wastes and the research challenges involved in plastic waste to chemical production. This review also provides a brief overview of the state-of-the-art processes to help future system designers in the plastic waste to chemicals area.

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7

Abdrakhimov, V. Z., and A. V. Kolpakov. "Aspects of Use Of Waste Fuel and Energy Complex and Chemical Industry in the Production of Ceramic Bricks." Ecology and Industry of Russia 23, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2019-1-11-14.

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One of the most promising areas for the use of waste production is ─ involving them recycled as raw materials for the production of ceramic bricks. The use of waste fuel and energy complex (inter-shale clay) and chemical wastes (alumosilicate sludge) in the production of ceramic bricks promotes recycling of industrial waste, environment, expansion of raw materials base for production of ceramic building materials. Developed innovative proposals for reducing negative impacts of toxic waste processing on environmental objects, which novelty is confirmed by Patents of the Russian Federation.

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8

M M, Kosukhin, Starostina I V, and Kosukhin A M. "Reclamation of chemical wastes for the production of efficient concrete modifiers." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.23 (April 20, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.23.11879.

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The research concerning the obtaining of highly-efficient polyfunctional superplasticizers for concretes on the basis of chemical production waste with the purpose of their reclamation and improving the environmental situation in the populated areas has been carried out. The highly-efficient concrete admixtures on the basis of various wastes have been synthesized and patented. A new efficient modifier based on pyrocatechin production waste has been suggested. The colloid and chemical properties of the obtained modifier and its influence on physical, mechanical and maintenance-engineering characteristics of concrete have been researched. Its comparative evaluation with the known plasticizing admixtures has been presented. It has been demonstrated that the superplasticizer under study is the most efficient in terms of plasticizing activity and improving the physical and mechanical properties of concretes and concrete mixes and has a polyfunctional effect. Its application allows increasing the concrete mixes flowability and concrete strength, reducing the concrete consumption, providing the concrete with fungicidal properties, cutting the production costs and solving ecological problems of the chemical production waste recycling.

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9

Díaz, R., and G. Díaz-Godínez. "Substrates for mushroom, enzyme and metabolites production: A review." Journal of Environmental Biology 43, no. 03 (May 2, 2022): 350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/43/3/mrn-3017.

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The agri-food industry produces a large quantity and variety of foods that are the basis of diet for humans in the world, generating waste with a high content of compounds such as lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose that are difficult to degrade. There are chemical methodologies for the partial degradation of agro-industrial waste, but it carries a possibly greater risk of environmental contamination by the chemicals used for such purposes, so natural alternatives are sought for its degradation and obtain an economic and sustainable benefit for its use through mushroom cultivation. Mushroom production can be carried out using macrofungi that are edible, have medicine value also enzyme or metabolite-producing. Waste such as sunflower seed husk, peanut husk, corn husks, potato husk, coffee husk, cocoa husk, bean shell, pea shell, sawdust from different woods, cob and stubble of corn, oat stubble, tomato stubble, sorghum stubble, straw from various cereals, wheat bran, rice bran, cotton stalks, sugarcane bagasse, tequila agave waste, quinoa waste, coconut and banana wastes, dehydrated jicama, almond leaves, among others, are used as a substrate for the cultivation of mushrooms, which have been used alone or in mixtures, seeking to increase the production of carpophores or their metabolites and enzymes.

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10

Zhang, Ye Shui, Hua Lun Zhu, Dingding Yao, Paul T. Williams, Chunfei Wu, Dan Xu, Qiang Hu, et al. "Thermo-chemical conversion of carbonaceous wastes for CNT and hydrogen production: a review." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 5, no. 17 (2021): 4173–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1se00619c.

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Thermo-chemical conversion of carbonaceous wastes such as tyres, plastics, biomass and crude glycerol is a promising technology compared to traditional waste treatment options (e.g. incineration and landfill).

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11

Vijayalakshmi, M., A. S. S. Sekar, M. Sivabharathy, and G. Ganesh Prabhu. "Utilization of Granite Powder Waste in Concrete Production." Defect and Diffusion Forum 330 (September 2012): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.330.49.

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The ornamental granite stone-processing industries of Tamilnadu state produce tons of fine powder wastes during sawing and polishing. It is a non-biodegradable waste that can be easily inhaled by human being and animals and is also harmful to the environment. The main objective of this study is to investigate experimentally the suitability of granite powder (GP) waste as a substitute material for fine/natural aggregate in concrete production. The physical and chemical characterization of the GP waste was also addressed. The experimental parameter was the percentage of granite powder substitution. The cubes and cylinders were prepared using 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% of fine/natural aggregate substituted by GP waste. To understand fully the influence of GP waste on the behavior of concrete, several tests such as density, slump cone, split tensile strength, flexural strength; ultra sonic pulse velocity (UPV) and compressive strength tests were performed. The Young’s modulus of elasticity of the concrete was also determined. The GP waste exhibited a very high specific surface value of about 340kg/m2 and chemical analysis results showed that the examined material contains about 77% of silica (SiO2). Experimental results revealed that the rough texture and high specific area of the GP waste significantly decreased the workability of the concrete especially for the substitution level of 20% and 25%. The obtained test results show that the substitution of GP waste up to 15% does not affect the mechanical and fresh concrete properties of the concrete and it was recommended that the replacement of natural sand by GP waste up to 15% of any formulation would be favorable for concrete making.

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12

Petlin, Ilya V., and Margarita S. Lesnikova. "WAYS OF PROCESSING AND RECYCLING OF FLUORINE-CONTAINING WASTE OF ALUMINUM INDUSTRY." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 60, no. 4 (May 12, 2017): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.2017604.5352.

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The information on aluminum metal production volume, its application areas and ecological problems which go with aluminum production are described. The data on fluorine containing waste products types and quantity at aluminum production were reported. The aluminum production waste products negative influence on environment was identified. For hydrogen fluoride production the use of fluorine containing waste products as alternative man-made raw material is offered. Resource effective and resource saving method of aluminum production fluorine containing waste products processing is described in detail. Processing method consists waste oxidizing calcining to move away carbon component, interaction of sulfuric acid with fluorine containing particles to product hydrogen fluoride, dissolution of solid sulphatisation product and aluminum hydroxide precipitation. Aluminum oxide and sodium sulfate can be byproducts of describing wastes processing method. Aluminum oxide can be used for production run of aluminum metal electrolytic production. Sodium sulfate can be used in glass and cellulose production, in textile and tanning industries. The thermodynamic calculations of fluorine containing wastes components with sulfuric acid chemical interaction are given. The research of kinetics of fluorine containing wastes with sulfuric acid chemical interaction by method of reacting mixture unstoppable weighing with mass auto-registration have been carried out. The dependence of transformation (reaction) degree on the time in temperature range of 220 to 260 ºС has been identified. It was characterized by Krank-Gistling-Braunstein equation. On obtained dependence the reaction area and process rate-limiting step was determined. The methods of intensification of aluminum industry fluorine containing wastes interaction process in observed temperature range has been offered. The economic and ecologic effect of aluminum industry fluorine containing wastes processing method has been established.Forcitation:Petlin I.V., Lesnikova M.S. Ways of processing and recycling of fluorine-containing waste of aluminum industry. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 4. P. 108-113.

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13

Rovin, S. L., A. S. Kalinichenko, and L. E. Rovin. "The return of the dispersed metal waste into production." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 1 (April 10, 2019): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2019-1-45-48.

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The article presents an alternative method of recycling of dispersed metal waste, based on a continuous solid-liquid-phase process, implemented in rotary tilting furnaces (RTF). The new proposed method of recycling allows processing wastes with almost any composition and state from metal to oxide and multicomponent wastes (shavings, fine scrap, mill scale, aspiration dust, sludge, etc.). The wastes can be even contaminated with moisture, oil, and organic impurities. The method developed does not require preliminary preparation of the initial materials (cleaning, homogenization, pelletizing, etc.). The finished products are ingots (pigs) for subsequent processing aiming the particular chemical composition or cast alloys of certain brend.

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14

Mustaqiman, Aulia Nur, and Erland Aldi Hutta. "The Transportation and Storage Conformity Evaluation of Hazardous and Toxic Waste of Fertilizer Production." International Journal of Eco-Innovation in Science and Engineering 1, no. 01 (April 14, 2020): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/ijeise.v1i01.10.

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Industry X is one of the sectors of the fertilizer and chemical industries that produce ammonia and urea. Their factory has a mass production that also makes them produce a huge amount of waste, especially Hazardous and Toxic Waste (B3 in Indonesian abbreviation). The resulting hazardous waste hereinafter referred to B3 Wastes, will then be managed under the applicable laws and regulations. The management of B3 wastes starts from the source and the producer of B3 wastes, temporary storage (TPS LB3 and TPS Fly Ash and Bottom Ash), waste labelling, and the generation of B3 wastes. This study aim (1) to recognize the condition of B3 in Industry X, (2) to identify kind of B3 waste in Industry X, and (3) to evaluate the operational of B3 packaging and labelling, The researchers will hold an observation, literature study, interview, and discussion as the data collection methods. Additionally, the analysis of the results and discussion of this study uses qualitative descriptions.

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Mourao Vilela, Carlos, Evert Boymans, and Berend Vreugdenhil. "Co-Production of Aromatics in Biomass and Waste Gasification." Processes 9, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9030463.

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Climate changes will have a huge impact on society, one that cannot be truly predicted. However, what is known is that our dependence on fossil feedstock for energy, fuel and chemical production will need to shift towards more biobased and circular feedstock. This paper describes part of an important technology development that uses biogenic and plastic-containing waste streams for the co-production of aromatics with fuels and/or chemicals. This paper captures the first decade of this technology development from idea towards a large Process Demonstration Unit operated and validated within a large gasification R&D infrastructure. The scale-up was successful, with supporting tools to optimize and identify the limits of the technology. Benzene and toluene are directly removed from the product gas with 97% and 99% efficiency, respectively. The next steps will be to include this development in larger piloting and demonstrations for the co-production of aromatics from biomass gasification (biobased chemicals) or aromatics from plastic-containing waste gasification (circular chemicals).

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Kedi, Atolé Brice Bienvenu, Yao Francis Kouame, Seka Simplice Kouassi, Alika Odile Abry, and Koffi Félix Konan. "Physico-chemical characterization of liquid waste from sugar production unit labs in Zuenoula, Côte d'Ivoire." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 7 (December 7, 2020): 2641–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i7.22.

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Managing liquid waste from the laboratories of Integrated Agricultural Unit (IAU) of Zuénoula (Côte d´Ivoire) is a major concern for the decision-makers of the company, who are working to solve this problem in their sustainable development policy. This work aims at quantifying liquid waste from the agronomic laboratories and factory of IAU of Zuénoula and to assess their level of pollution. The quantities of waste produced daily are estimated at 28.5 L, 52.6 L and 2600 L respectively for waste from the agronomy laboratory, the factory laboratory and from the rinsing water from latter's glassware. The following parameters were analyzed, temperature, pH, conductivity, turbidity, total suspended solids, COD, BOD5, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, zinc, copper, lead and mercury. The results of these analyzes generally showed that waste produced did not comply with national standards. In particular, the level of lead was very high in these liquid wastes and reached 160 times the standard value. These results require a waste treatment system, which would reduce all the parameters, in particular those of the most noxious metals (lead and mercury).Keywords: Heavy metals, Pollution, Industrial unit, Ivorian standards, Wastewater.

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17

Necasova, K., P. Buchta, I. Chromkova, T. Stanek, and T. Simbera. "Decomposition of asbestos materials using fluoride wastes." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1205, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1205/1/012018.

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Abstract Asbestos is one of the materials causing ecological stress. Due to its health harmfulness, an effective, ecological, and economic decomposition is highly desirable. One of the decomposition possibilities is a chemical decomposition, which could compete with commonly used thermal decomposition. The chemical decomposition can be accomplished both with the use of pure chemicals and waste chemicals from production technologies. This work deals with the use of technological wastes containing hydrofluoric acid or fluorides. Fluorides release hydrofluoric acid in the acid medium, which acts as the main decomposition medium. The source of fluorides was waste from the glass and metallic material industry. The efficiency of degradation processes was studied by mass analysis. Materials and decomposition products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction.

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18

Kehoe, Terence, and Charles Jacobson. "Environmental Decision Making and DDT Production at Montrose Chemical Corporation of California." Enterprise & Society 4, no. 4 (December 2003): 640–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700012945.

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In this article, we examine the decisions made by corporate executives and government officials that led to the discharge with minimal treatment of hundreds of metric tons of dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) waste into the Pacific Ocean over several decades. After World War II, Montrose Chemical Corporation of California's Los Angeles plant began making the new wonder pesticide, and Montrose executives worked with local officials to develop a waste disposal system that funneled the plant's process wastes into the county sewer system and ultimately into the ocean. Faced with increasing scientific concern about pesticides and a changed political climate in the 1960s, Montrose vigorously defended DDT and relied increasingly on exports to remain profitable. Years after the plant closed, a federal suit forced Montrose and related companies to pay the costs of environmental cleanup.

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Pellera, Frantseska-Maria, and Evangelos Gidarakos. "Chemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic agroindustrial waste for methane production." Waste Management 71 (January 2018): 689–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.04.038.

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Oleskowicz-Popiel, Piotr. "Designing Reactor Microbiomes for Chemical Production from Organic Waste." Trends in Biotechnology 36, no. 8 (August 2018): 747–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.01.002.

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Zimina, E. L., N. V. Skobova, L. E. Sokolov, and S. S. Grishanova. "Technologies for Processing Chemical Fiber Waste of Carpet Production." Fibre Chemistry 51, no. 1 (May 2019): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10692-019-10040-5.

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Mahato, Neelima, Kavita Sharma, Mukty Sinha, Archana Dhyani, Brajesh Pathak, Hyeji Jang, Seorin Park, Srinath Pashikanti, and Sunghun Cho. "Biotransformation of Citrus Waste-I: Production of Biofuel and Valuable Compounds by Fermentation." Processes 9, no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020220.

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Citrus is the largest grown fruit crop on the globe with an annual production of ~110–124 million tons. Approximately, 45–55% of the whole fruit post-processing is generally discarded as waste by the food processing industries. The waste is a huge problem to the environment in terms of land and water pollution along with displeasure from aesthetic viewpoint and spread of diseases owing to its huge content of fermentable sugars. The waste can be utilized as a raw material feedstock for producing a number of valuable chemicals and products, such as bioethanol, biogas, bio-oil, organic acids, enzymes, and so on. The production of these chemicals from waste biomass gives an inexpensive alternative to the harsh chemicals used during industrial synthesis processes as well as the possibility of controlling pollution from the waste discarded to the environment. The derived chemicals can be further utilized in the production of industrially important chemicals, as solvents and building blocks of newer chemicals. Furthermore, organic acids, pectin, enzymes, prebiotics, etc., derived from citrus wastes have an edge over their synthetic counterparts in practical applications in the food processing and pharmaceutical industries.

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Leoneti, Alexandre Bevilacqua, Danilo Vitorino dos Santos, Renato Santos da Silva, Alessandra Henriques Ferreira, Adriano César Pimenta, and Sonia Valle Walter Borges de Oliveira. "Process management framework for chemical waste treatment laboratories." Business Process Management Journal 26, no. 2 (October 28, 2019): 447–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bpmj-06-2019-0233.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a process management framework for Chemical Waste Treatment Laboratories (CWTL) that can be used as a management tool to identify and manage critical process. Design/methodology/approach Proposition of a generic classification for categories of chemical waste; use of the ABC analysis as a tool for analysis of priority in relation to the inputs of an CWTL; use of the process matrix (variety vs volume) to identify the key resources required to perform the activities of a CWTL; and use of mapping process techniques to map the processes defined and calculate times. Findings The proposed framework was applied to a CWTL at University of São Paulo, Brazil, and showed that the high variability of demand is a significant factor in the management of this laboratory, requiring processes that are flexible to meet this demand. The results showed that the applicability of the production and operations management theories within the scope of process management of CWTLs, proved to be useful tools for improving the treatment efficiency of chemical waste in these facilities. Originality/value The novelty of this work is in the fact of using production and operations management tools in the management of CWTLs to propose diagnoses to improve the management of their processes. The proposition of a comprehensive classification for chemical wastes generated in CWTLs is also highlighted.

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Oleńska, Sylwia, and Justyna Biernacka. "Management of post-production wood waste in the aspect of circular economy." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 115 (September 26, 2021): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6623.

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Management of post-production wood waste in the aspect of circular economy. Sustainable resource management involves turning waste into resources. The estimation of various waste streams and their potential use as secondary raw materials underlies the circular economy. The management of wood waste in terms of the Circular Economy should assume material use of this waste before energy use. One of the possibilities of material management of this waste is the use of biological treatment through composting. Input materials for the composting process should have technological and physical-chemical characteristics, respectively. The aim of this study was to characterize the wood raw material (wood waste as a by-product) and qualify it for the composting process on the basis of its composition. Based on the literature research, it was found that there is possibility of using these wastes for management through biological disposal. The obtained composts from wood waste can be used as a raw material to supply the soil with humic substances and mineral compounds.

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Komorowicz, Magdalena, Dominika Janiszewska, Hanna Wróblewska, and Kinga Stuper-Szablewska. "Management of post-production wood waste in the aspect of circular economy." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 115 (September 26, 2021): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.5967.

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Management of post-production wood waste in the aspect of circular economy. Sustainable resource management involves turning waste into resources. The estimation of various waste streams and their potential use as secondary raw materials underlies the circular economy. The management of wood waste in terms of the Circular Economy should assume material use of this waste before energy use. One of the possibilities of material management of this waste is the use of biological treatment through composting. Input materials for the composting process should have technological and physical-chemical characteristics, respectively. The aim of this study was to characterize the wood raw material (wood waste as a by-product) and qualify it for the composting process on the basis of its composition. Based on the literature research, it was found that there is possibility of using these wastes for management through biological disposal. The obtained composts from wood waste can be used as a raw material to supply the soil with humic substances and mineral compounds.

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Ciric, Jovan, Natasa Jokovic, Slavica Ilic, Sandra Konstantinovic, Dragisa Savic, and Vlada Veljkovic. "Production of lactic acid by Enterococcus faecalis on waste glycerol from biodiesel production." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 26, no. 2 (2020): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq191010033c.

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Waste glycerol from biodiesel production is a valuable raw material that has been used to produce valuable microbial metabolites. In this work, the possibility of microbial utilization of waste glycerol obtained as a by-product in biodiesel production from sunflower and rapeseed oil by the lactic acid bacterium Enterococcus faecalis MK3-10A on a laboratory level was studied. For comparison, pure glycerol and glucose were used as carbon sources. The kinetics of the microbial biomass growth, the carbon source utilization, and the lactic acid production were monitored. The bacterium E. faecalis MK3-10A better grew in the media with glucose or pure glycerol as a carbon source, but the lactic acid production rate was the highest (14.6 mg/(ml/day)) in the medium with waste glycerol from the sunflower oil-based biodiesel production. Therefore, this waste glycerol might be a promising carbon source for lactic acidbacteria cultivation and lactic acid production.

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Myszkowski, Jerzy, Eugeniusz Milchert, Marcin Bartkowiak, and Robert Pełech. "Utilization of waste chloroorganic compounds." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 12, no. 3 (January 1, 2010): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-010-0031-0.

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Utilization of waste chloroorganic compounds Efficient methods of utilization of waste chloroorganic compounds coming from waste water and the waste streams formed e.g. in the production of vinyl chloride by dichloroethane method and in the production of propylene oxide by chlorohydrin method have been presented. First the separation of chloroorganic wastes by the adsorption methods has been described in the article. Three valuable methods of chlorocompounds utilization have been then discussed. The first one is isomerization of 1,1,2-trichloroethane to 1,1,1-trichloroethane as the valuable product with less toxicity than a substrate. The second method is ammonolysis of waste 1,2-dichloropropane and 1,2,3-trichloropropane. The third described method is chlorolysis. This method can be used for the utilization of all types of waste chloroorganics.

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Yang, Dong, Xue Ting Liu, Cong Ju Zhang, and Xiao Xiao Zhang. "The Feasibility Study on Cogeneration Using Chemical Waste Gas." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 3535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.3535.

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It is analyzed in the paper that the production and composition of waste gas, such blowing gas, associated in the chemical production of the chemical enterprise in Shandong. The calorific value of the waste gas is calculated. Thermoelectricity cogeneration is realizable with using the waste gas as fuel. The scale remaining heat generate electricity is determined. The types of main equipment are discussed. The technical process of cogeneration using chemical waste gas is analyzed. economic benefit is studied in detail.

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Laftah, Waham Ashaier, and Wan Aizan Wan Abdul Rahman. "Rice waste–based polymer composites for packaging applications: A review." Polymers and Polymer Composites 29, no. 9_suppl (October 14, 2021): S1621—S1629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911211046775.

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Rice wastes are abundant, low-cost, cellulosic-based materials. The potential of using rice waste such as husk, straw, and bran in bio-composite production is a crucial target of the composite industry. Chemical composition is the main factor that offers diverse possible applications of rice wastes in bio-composite-based materials. Eco-friendly products of bio-composite polymers can be produced by reinforcing and filling polymer matrices with high cellulosic content materials such as rice waste. From manufacturing point of view, rice wastes can be used to reduce the production cost of polymer-based products and meet the requirements for green packaging materials.

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Latyshenko, K. P., and S. A. Garelina. "Plasma-chemical reactor for production of hydrogen from polymer waste." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 8, no. 1-3 (May 10, 2014): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-67546.

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This article is the third part of the work devoted to plasma chemical processing of plastic waste (and other toxic organic compounds) into hydrogen and other liquid products. The obtained results are crucial to solving global environmental and energy challenges of our time. The article presents a brief overview of the experimental and theoretical works devoted to the study and application of various types of plasma chemical technologies. On the base of the overview, the authors selected the most efficient plasma chemical reactor for recycling of plastic waste into hydrogen and other available hydrocarbon production.

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Mohammed, Jibrin Ndejiko, and Wan Rosmiza Zana Wan Dagang. "Implications for industrial application of bioflocculant demand alternatives to conventional media: waste as a substitute." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 10 (November 15, 2019): 1807–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.025.

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Abstract The biodegradability and safety of the bioflocculants make them a potential alternative to non-biodegradable chemical flocculants for wastewater treatment. However, low yield and production cost has been reported to be the limiting factor for large scale bioflocculant production. Although the utilization of cheap nutrient sources is generally appealing for large scale bioproduct production, exploration to meet the demand for them is still low. Although much progress has been achieved at laboratory scale, Industrial production and application of bioflocculant is yet to be viable due to cost of the production medium and low yield. Thus, the prospects of bioflocculant application as an alternative to chemical flocculants is linked to evaluation and utilization of cheap alternative and renewable nutrient sources. This review evaluates the latest literature on the utilization of waste/wastewater as an alternative substitute for conventional expensive nutrient sources. It focuses on the mechanisms and metabolic pathways involved in microbial flocculant synthesis, culture conditions and nutrient requirements for bioflocculant production, pre-treatment, and also optimization of waste substrate for bioflocculant synthesis and bioflocculant production from waste and their efficiencies. Utilization of wastes as a microbial nutrient source drastically reduces the cost of bioflocculant production and increases the appeal of bioflocculant as a cost-effective alternative to chemical flocculants.

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Singh Yadav, Vinod, Vinoth R, and Dharmesh Yadav. "Bio-hydrogen production from waste materials: A review." MATEC Web of Conferences 192 (2018): 02020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819202020.

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When hydrogen burns in air, it produces nothing but water vapour. It is therefore the cleanest possible, totally non-polluting fuel. This fact has led some people to propose an energy economy based entirely on hydrogen, in which hydrogen would replace gasoline, oil, natural gas, coal, and nuclear power. Hydrogen is a clean energy source. Therefore, in recent years, demand on hydrogen production has increased considerably. Electrolysis of water, steam reforming of hydrocarbons and auto-thermal processes are well-known methods for hydrogen gas production, but not cost-effective due to high energy requirements. As compare to chemical methods, biological production of hydrogen gas has significant advantages such as bio-photolysis of water by algae, dark and photo-fermentation of organic materials, usually carbohydrates by bacteria. New approach for bio-hydrogen production is dark and photo-fermentation process but with some major problems like dark and photo-fermentative hydrogen production is the raw material cost. By using suitable bio-process technologies hydrogen can be produced through carbohydrate rich, nitrogen deficient solid wastes such as cellulose and starch containing agricultural and food industry wastes and some food industry wastewaters such as cheese whey, olive mill and baker's yeast industry wastewaters. Utilization of aforementioned wastes for hydrogen production provides inexpensive energy generation with simultaneous waste treatment. This review article summarizes bio-hydrogen production from some waste materials with recent developments and relative advantages.

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Petchimuthu, Priya. "Production of Cost-Effective Biodegradable Straw." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 31, 2021): 3710–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37096.

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Every year 15,342 tons of plastic waste have been produced. Among these plastic wastes, the big junk of the waste is plastic straws which are used for just a few minutes and thrown away. To prevent the plastic pollution, we need to create proper awareness. In order to avoid the pollution by plastic straws, we planned to produce a Biodegradable straw which is chemical free and an eco-friendly product. The plastic straws are harmful to human health. Our Present study focuses to produce a Biodegradable straw using eco-friendly ingredients like banana peel, cinnamon, corn starch, honey, thyme leaves and vinegar. To replace these plastic straws the bioplastic film was naturally prepared from banana peel with some chemical free ingredients. According to the study of bioplastic, banana peel has the ability to produce bioplastic film which is best alternative of plastic use. Also, vinegar can degrade the starch. And study about cinnamon shows that cinnamon can prolong the shelf life of the bioplastic film and it banishes the smell of vinegar. The flexibility of the bioplastic film can be attained by the thyme leaves in addition it also has an antifungal property. Honey acts as a plasticizer to make the material softer and more flexible and also it has antimicrobial activity. An application of heat brings polymerization from these mixtures. Thus, the bio plastic replaces the petroleum-based plastic with something made from food waste or agricultural by-products.

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Cobb, Ami, Mikell Warms, Edwin P. Maurer, and Steven Chiesa. "Low-Tech Coconut Shell Activated Charcoal Production." International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering, Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship 7, no. 1 (June 3, 2012): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ijsle.v7i1.4244.

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Water treatment technologies in the developing world typically focus on removing two types of impurities from water sources: suspended, particulate materials and microbial pathogens. However, as industrialization and high-input agriculture has expanded into the developing world, a third type of impurity has increased in importance. Chemical impurities such as pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers have found their way into drinking water supplies and have been linked to severe health-related issues. Activated carbon has the capacity to remove these problematic chemicals from water sources. The possibility of producing a low-tech, inexpensive, and effective activated carbon from local agricultural waste by-products was assessed for the community of Bluefields, Nicaragua. Coconut shell charcoal was produced on site, and various chemical activation steps were then investigated. Ultimately, it was discovered that sodium chloride (common table salt) could successfully activate the coconut shell-based charcoal. The adsorption capacity of three separate chemically activated coconut shell charcoals was analyzed, with common table salt being the most inexpensive and feasible option.

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Gujer, U. "Waste Minimization: A Major Concern of the Chemical Industry." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0369.

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Supplying the growing demands of society for goods and services is leading to a depletion of resources and an increase in the amount of waste generated. The uniqueness of the chemical industry requires special solutions. Waste management and waste minimization, including recycling, reuse, and valorization, must become integral parts of any production process or facility. Examples are given at the single process level, at the product group level, and at the production facility level of successful programs that eliminated or signifantly reduced the amount of waste generated.

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Rojas-Flores, Segundo, Santiago M. Benites, Magaly De La Cruz-Noriega, Luis Cabanillas-Chirinos, Fiorela Valdiviezo-Dominguez, Medardo A. Quezada Álvarez, Victor Vega-Ybañez, and Luis Angelats-Silva. "Bioelectricity Production from Blueberry Waste." Processes 9, no. 8 (July 27, 2021): 1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9081301.

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Global warming and the increase in organic waste from agro-industries create a major problem for the environment. In this sense, microbial fuel cells (MFC) have great potential for the generation of bioelectricity by using organic waste as fuel. This research produced low-cost MFC by using zinc and copper electrodes and taking blueberry waste as fuel. A peak current and voltage of 1.130 ± 0.018 mA and 1.127 ± 0.096 V, respectively, were generated. The pH levels were acid, with peak conductivity values of 233. 94 ± 0.345 mS/cm and the degrees Brix were descending from the first day. The maximum power density was 3.155 ± 0.24 W/cm2 at 374.4 mA/cm2 current density, and Cándida boidinii was identified by means of molecular biology and bioinformatics techniques. This research gives a new way to generate electricity with this type of waste, generating added value for the companies in this area and helping to reduce global warming.

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Dumsday, Geoff. "Using biology to add value to waste lignin streams." Microbiology Australia 29, no. 1 (2008): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma08021.

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Arising from the need to find renewable sources of fuels and chemicals, a number of biological and chemical processes are in development or have been commercialised that enable the use of biomass as a starting material. Examples that have reached full commercial scale include production of 1,3?propanediol (a monomer for production of a plastic similar to the polyethylene used in plastic bottles) and lactic acid which is also a monomer used in the production of polylactic acid ? a biodegradable plastic.

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Scotp, Donald S., Piotr Majerski, Jan Piskorz, Desmond Radlein, and Michael Barnickel. "Production of liquid fuels from waste plastics." Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 77, no. 5 (October 1999): 1021–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.5450770532.

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Zemnukhova, L. A., S. V. Tomshich, A. V. Kovekhova, and L. Yu Greben’. "Polysaccharides prepared from sunflower production waste." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 80, no. 7 (July 2007): 1170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070427207070300.

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Samir, Mourad, Faruz Alama, Paul Buysse, Tomas van Nylen, and Oleg Ostanin. "Disposal of Mining Waste: Classification and International Recycling Experience." E3S Web of Conferences 41 (2018): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184102012.

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The main directions of mining and industrial wastes’ utilization are the production of building materials, their use in the construction industry without additional processing, and also the production of metals from metal-containing raw materials. It should be noted that current waste is preferable for the production of building materials, since they preserve the primary physical and mechanical properties and chemical composition and, moreover, can reach the consumer bypassing all other steps that are mandatory for waste consolidated (transportation, storage, etc.). For the production of building materials, not less than 30% of overburden and refinement tailings are suitable, almost all metallurgical and fuel slags, waste products of fertilizers and building materials. Even larger amounts of waste can be used for various laying and burial works (construction of road bases and dams, filling of worked out areas, leveling of the relief).

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Barbosa, Fabiana Cristina Lima, Marcos Paulo Gomes Mol, and Raphael Tobias de Vasconcelos Barros. "Minimizing laboratory waste and improving material reuse through chemical waste exchange: Case of a Brazilian institution." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 38, no. 9 (July 9, 2020): 1064–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x20938459.

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Concern over the management of chemical wastes from laboratories has been gaining importance since the 1990s. For a good management of chemical wastes generated from laboratories, it is recommended that managers encourage an environment of cooperation and exchange, thus reusing chemical reagents. The institution under study implemented the Chemical Waste Exchange, whose objective is to capture reagents past their expiry dates that would be discarded and make them available internally to other areas or even to other institutions. A total of 1075 reagents were reused internally and 4382 items were donated for external institutions. As for financial data, between 2011 and 2018, the internal economy was US$16,700.70 and for external institutions it was US$62,633.11. When comparing the waste reuse according to the destination, an internal address showed a significant difference when compared with the external use. Some categories of reagents have greater added value and provide even greater benefits when reused. The strategy of capturing and making available expired reagents through the Chemical Waste Exchange is positive; it helps the management of the waste generated; the economic benefit will depend on the market value of the material; the adopted strategy avoids the need to remove raw material from nature for the production of new reagents and reduces the costs related to treatment and environmentally appropriate final destination.

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Hossain, MS, and A. Iqbal. "Production and characterization of chitosan from shrimp waste." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2014): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21405.

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Chitosan has been produced from shrimp waste by chemical method involving demineralization, deproteinization and deacetylation. The quality of chitosan depends on the conditions of the chemical extraction process. The results showed that 3% HCI and 4% NaOH were suitable concentration for demineralization and deproteinization, respectively at ambient temperature (28±2oC). Chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation (81.24%) and high solubility (97.65%) was obtained by deacetylation with 60% NaOH for 24 hours at 60°C. Purified chitosan was characterized for intrinsic viscosity (13.2dl/g), molecular weight (1.05×106 Dalton), FBC (427.98%), WBC (537.29%) as well as yield (15.4%). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21405 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(1): 153-160, June 2014

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Maraveas, Chrysanthos. "Production of Sustainable and Biodegradable Polymers from Agricultural Waste." Polymers 12, no. 5 (May 14, 2020): 1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051127.

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Agro-wastes are derived from diverse sources including grape pomace, tomato pomace, pineapple, orange, and lemon peels, sugarcane bagasse, rice husks, wheat straw, and palm oil fibers, among other affordable and commonly available materials. The carbon-rich precursors are used in the production bio-based polymers through microbial, biopolymer blending, and chemical methods. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that 20–30% of fruits and vegetables are discarded as waste during post-harvest handling. The development of bio-based polymers is essential, considering the scale of global environmental pollution that is directly linked to the production of synthetic plastics such as polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PET). Globally, 400 million tons of synthetic plastics are produced each year, and less than 9% are recycled. The optical, mechanical, and chemical properties such as ultraviolet (UV) absorbance, tensile strength, and water permeability are influenced by the synthetic route. The production of bio-based polymers from renewable sources and microbial synthesis are scalable, facile, and pose a minimal impact on the environment compared to chemical synthesis methods that rely on alkali and acid treatment or co-polymer blending. Despite the development of advanced synthetic methods and the application of biofilms in smart/intelligent food packaging, construction, exclusion nets, and medicine, commercial production is limited by cost, the economics of production, useful life, and biodegradation concerns, and the availability of adequate agro-wastes. New and cost-effective production techniques are critical to facilitate the commercial production of bio-based polymers and the replacement of synthetic polymers.

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Jabłońska, Beata, Paweł Kiełbasa, Maroš Korenko, and Tomasz Dróżdż. "Physical and Chemical Properties of Waste from PET Bottles Washing as A Component of Solid Fuels." Energies 12, no. 11 (June 10, 2019): 2197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112197.

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Waste incineration is one of the paths of implementation of the European Union’s strategy aimed at reducing the amount of waste deposited in landfills. Along with the development of methods for processing and recycling various wastes, new waste is generated. One example is waste from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles washed during their recycling. In this paper, physical and chemical properties of such wastes are analyzed in terms of their use in the power industry. This research is part of the search for new sources and new technologies for energy production. The study has taken into account the energy properties of waste intended for combustion (calorific value, water content, chemical composition, volatile substances, combustible and non-flammable content). Thermogravimetric analysis of the material tested indicated that the waste is a good source of energy. It was found that the elemental composition (C, H, N, S, O) of the waste investigated is similar to that for biomass materials, and the calorific value of 13.2 MJ/kg qualifies the waste for combustion, provided that its initial moisture is reduced, for example, for co-combustion in the cement industry. Another possibility is mixing the waste with other kinds of waste to obtain a new fuel with more satisfactory parameters.

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Ozores-Hampton, Monica. "Weed Control Consideration in Compost Production and Use." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 698c—698. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.698c.

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A rapid increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) production (2 kg/person per day), combined with a decreasing number of operating landfills, has increased waste disposal costs. Composting MSW can be an alternative method of waste disposal to traditional landfilling or incineration. Weed control methods using waste materials such as bark, straw, and sawdust were used in commercial crop production for many years before the advent of chemical weed control. Weed growth suppression by mulching can often be almost as effective as conventional herbicides. A 10 to 15 cm-deep mulch layer is needed to completely discourage weed growth in these systems, and best results are obtained with composted materials. In recent years, composts made from a large variety of waste materials have become available on a commercial scale. Preliminary investigations into the use of MSW compost as a weed control agent have shown that compost, especially in an immature state, applied to row crop middles reduced weed growth due to its high concentration of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids. Subsequently, compost can be incorporated into the soil for the following growing season to potentially improve soil physical and chemical properties. Integrated pest management programs that incorporate biological control should be adopted wherever possible because some weed species with persistent seeds can escape chemical control.

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Latyshenko, K. P., and S. A. Garelina. "Plasma-chemical technology - the basis of hydrogen production from plastic waste." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 7, no. 3-2 (April 10, 2013): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-68007.

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This article is the first part of the work devoted to plasma-chemical processing of plastic waste and other toxic organic compounds into hydrogen and other marketable products. It considers the choosing the most effective method of processing of plastic waste into hydrogen and other marketable products. The expediency of the application of plasma-chemical technologies, that meet the basic criteria of promising technologies, such as environmental and energy management, is shown.

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Ansharullah, Ansharullah, Nur Muhammad Abdillah Saenuddin, RH Fitri Faradilla, Asranuddin Asranudin, Asniar Asniar, and Muhammad Nurdin. "Production of Micro Crystalline Cellulose from Tapioca Solid Waste: Effect of Acid Concentration on its Physico-chemical Properties." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 23, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.23.5.147-151.

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This study was aimed to examine the production of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from tapioca solid waste (TSW), using HCl hydrolysis with various concentrations, i.e., 2 N, 2.5 N, 3 N, and 3.5 N. MCC was produced by delignifying the TSW with NaOH 20%, and bleaching with NaOCl 3.5% to produce α-cellulose, and subsequently hydrolyzing α-cellulose with three different HCl concentrations to produce MCC. The physicochemical properties of MCC were then analyzed, including Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and FTIR spectra. The results showed that hydrolysis with 2.0 N HCl resulted in a higher yield of 61.28%, α-cellulose content of 56.33%, moisture 6.25%, pH of 6.54; ash 0.23%, and water solubility 0.34%. SEM analysis showed the morphology and size of the MCC produced were like those of a commercial MCC (Avicel PH101), while the XRD analysis showed the higher concentration of HCl gave rise to an increased crystalline index. FT-IR spectrum analysis indicated that TSW, MCC produced, and commercial MCC had similar functional groups.

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48

Macias-Corral, Maritza A., Zohrab A. Samani, Adrian T. Hanson, and Paul A. Funk. "Co-digestion of agricultural and municipal waste to produce energy and soil amendment." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 9 (July 12, 2017): 991–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x17715097.

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In agriculture, manure and cotton gin waste are major environmental liabilities. Likewise, grass is an important organic component of municipal waste. These wastes were combined and used as substrates in a two-phase, pilot-scale anaerobic digester to evaluate the potential for biogas (methane) production, waste minimisation, and the digestate value as soil amendment. The anaerobic digestion process did not show signs of inhibition. Biogas production increased during the first 2 weeks of operation, when chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acid concentrations and the organic loading rate to the system were high. Chemical oxygen demand from the anaerobic columns remained relatively steady after the first week of operation, even at high organic loading rates. The experiment lasted about 1 month and produced 96.5 m3 of biogas (68 m3 of CH4) per tonne of waste. In terms of chemical oxygen demand to methane conversion efficiency, the system generated 62% of the theoretical methane production; the chemical oxygen demand/volatile solids degradation rate was 62%, compared with the theoretical 66%. The results showed that co-digestion and subsequent digestate composting resulted in about 60% and 75% mass and volume reductions, respectively. Digestate analysis showed that it can be used as a high nutrient content soil amendment. The digestate met Class A faecal coliform standards (highest quality) established in the United States for biosolids. Digestion and subsequent composting concentrated the digestate nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content by 37%, 24%, and 317%, respectively. Multi-substrate co-digestion is a practical alternative for agricultural waste management, minimisation of landfill disposal, and it also results in the production of valuable products.

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Budžaki, Sandra, Natalija Velić, Marta Ostojčić, Marija Stjepanović, Blanka Bilić Rajs, Zita Šereš, Nikola Maravić, Jovana Stanojev, Volker Hessel, and Ivica Strelec. "Waste Management in the Agri-Food Industry: The Conversion of Eggshells, Spent Coffee Grounds, and Brown Onion Skins into Carriers for Lipase Immobilization." Foods 11, no. 3 (January 30, 2022): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11030409.

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One of the major challenges in sustainable waste management in the agri-food industry following the “zero waste” model is the application of the circular economy strategy, including the development of innovative waste utilization techniques. The conversion of agri-food waste into carriers for the immobilization of enzymes is one such technique. Replacing chemical catalysts with immobilized enzymes (i.e., immobilized/heterogeneous biocatalysts) could help reduce the energy efficiency and environmental sustainability problems of existing chemically catalysed processes. On the other hand, the economics of the process strongly depend on the price of the immobilized enzyme. The conversion of agricultural and food wastes into low-cost enzyme carriers could lead to the development of immobilized enzymes with desirable operating characteristics and subsequently lower the price of immobilized enzymes for use in biocatalytic production. In this context, this review provides insight into the possibilities of reusing food industry wastes, namely, eggshells, coffee grounds, and brown onion skins, as carriers for lipase immobilization.

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50

David, Aditi, Abhilash Kumar Tripathi, and Rajesh Kumar Sani. "Acetate Production from Cafeteria Wastes and Corn Stover Using a Thermophilic Anaerobic Consortium: A Prelude Study for the Use of Acetate for the Production of Value-Added Products." Microorganisms 8, no. 3 (March 2, 2020): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8030353.

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Efficient and sustainable biochemical production using low-cost waste assumes considerable industrial and ecological importance. Solid organic wastes (SOWs) are inexpensive, abundantly available resources and their bioconversion to volatile fatty acids, especially acetate, aids in relieving the requirements of pure sugars for microbial biochemical productions in industries. Acetate production from SOW that utilizes the organic carbon of these wastes is used as an efficient solid waste reduction strategy if the environmental factors are optimized. This study screens and optimizes influential factors (physical and chemical) for acetate production by a thermophilic acetogenic consortium using two SOWs—cafeteria wastes and corn stover. The screening experiment revealed significant effects of temperature, bromoethane sulfonate, and shaking on acetate production. Temperature, medium pH, and C:N ratio were further optimized using statistical optimization with response surface methodology. The maximum acetate concentration of 8061 mg L−1 (>200% improvement) was achieved at temperature, pH, and C:N ratio of 60 °C, 6, 25, respectively, and acetate accounted for more than 85% of metabolites. This study also demonstrated the feasibility of using acetate-rich fermentate (obtained from SOWs) as a substrate for the growth of industrially relevant yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, which can convert acetate into higher-value biochemicals.

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