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Статті в журналах з теми "Waste bioma"
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Anwar, Syaiful, Johannes Hutabarat, and Vivi Endar Herawati. "Performa Peningkatan Lemak Dan Asam Lemak Linoleat Dari Daphnia Sp. Dengan Menggunakan Fermentasi Kotoran Burung Puyuh, Roti Afkir, Dan Ampas Tahu." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 19, no. 2 (January 15, 2018): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.19.2.150-158.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Daphnia sp. was natural feed which could adequate the needs of fish fry growth. Fats and fatty acids was main factor which very influenced the success of reproduction and live for hatched larva fish. Fats had important role as the main source. The lack of essencial fatty acid could impact the decrease of fish growth and reproduction. The purpose of this research were to found out the best treatments and the effect of fermented quail feces, bread waste, and tofu waste towards the growth, and increased fats and linoleic fatty acid from Daphnia sp.. The methods of this research was used experimental method and complete randomize design with 4 treatments and 3 repetitions, with density of 100 ind./litre. The treatments which used on this research were treatment A (50% bread waste, 50% tofu waste, and 0% quail feces), treatment B (25% bread waste, 50% tofu waste, and 25% quail feces), treatment C (50% bread waste, 25% tofu waste, and 25% quail feces), and treatment C (25% bread waste, 25% tofu waste, and 50% quail feces) with total combination amount of 200 grams/litre. The data that observed were population of Daphnia sp., fatty acid value, and linoleic fatty acid value.The result of this research showed that Daphnia sp. growth population was valued 502,22 ind/ml – 1949,44 ind/ml, whereas the increasing of fat value from 6,26% became 8,15% and linoleic fatty acid from 0,91% become 6,14%. Acording to the research result could be concluded that the additition of fermented quail feces, and tofu waste gave differences towards the growth, with the fat value increased of Daphnia sp. was 1,89% and linoleic fatty acid was 5,23% and the best treatment for growth and linoleic fatty acid value was the treatment C (50% bread waste, 25% tofu waste, and 25% quail feces) and treatment A (50% bread waste, 50% tofu waste, and 0% quail feces) for the fat value of Daphnia sp. Keyword: Daphnia sp.; Fats; Linoleic Fatty Acid; Fermentation
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Isnawati, I., Irkham Mahmudi, Dian N. Khayati, Tri W. Utami, Kiki E. Purwanti, and Maria Ulfa. "Pengaruh Penambahan Limbah Kertas 80% dan Kayu 20% Sebagai Alternatif Media Tanam Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleurotus ostreatus)." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 21, no. 2 (December 13, 2019): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.21.2.139-145.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Paper waste is an organic residual that has not been widely utilized and its existence around us. The high cellulose content in paper waste allows it to be used as a media for cultivating white oyster mushrooms. This aims to compare the speed of mycelium propagation from different concentration of paper in each growing medium. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six treatments and five repeattation. The treatment used is the difference in the composition of 0% paper waste media (control); 20% of paper waste; 40% of paper waste; 60% of paper waste; 80% of paper waste; and 100% of waste paper. The data were obtained from six time observations in the form of mycelium propagation (cm)and tested with anava. The results were not significant at 1,65 using correcttion factor 2,53. Mycelium propagation speed was influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, light intensity, humidity, and air circulation.
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Nailulmuna, Zumalallail, P. Pinandoyo, and Vivi Endar Herawati. "Pengaruh Pemberian Fermentasi Kotoran Ayam Roti Afkir Dan Ampas Tahu Dalam Media Kultur Massal Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Kandungan Nutrisi Daphnia sp." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 19, no. 1 (September 8, 2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.19.1.47-57.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Daphnia sp. is one kind of natural food that has many advantages. Some advantages of Daphnia sp. is a high nutrient content, according to the size suitable for fish larvae, and the provision of Daphnia sp. in the form of life does not cause a decrease in water quality. Nutrition content on the Daphnia sp. became from the suspended organic and the bacteria which was obtained from the fertilizer that added to the culture media. This research was aimed to found out the effect of fermented quail feces, bread waste, and tofu and determine the best treatment to generate the biomass growth, and the nutrition content of the Daphnia sp.This research used laboratory animals such as Daphnia sp. and a container of concrete tanks as many as four. The methods of this research was used experimental methods with Complete Randomize Design with 4 treatments and population count repetition as 3 times with the density of the Daphnia sp. was 100 ind./l. Treatments of this research were Tretment A (0 % chicken mannure, 50 % tofu waste and 50 % bread waste), B (25 % chicken mannure, 50 % tofu waste and 25 % bread waste), C (25 % chicken mannure, 25 % tofu waste and 50 % bread waste, D (50 % chicken mannure, 25 % tofu waste and 25 % bread waste) with the total amount of the combination was 200 g/l. Data which observed were population density, biomass, and nutrition content. The results showed that the treatment of A was the lowest population density valued 548.67 ind / ml and the highest population density was on C treatment with a density of 1328.67 ind / ml at the peak of the stationary phase. Biomass in treatment C resulted in 336.30 grams and the treatment A yield 82.64 grams, and the content of nutrients with the highest protein is found in the C treatment with a value of 66.80%. Keywords :Daphnia sp.;chicken manure; tofu waste; bread waste; fermentation
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Hafizhah, Reka, and Riche Hariyati. "Pengaruh Pemberian Kompos Sampah Rumah Tangga Terhadap Pertumbuhan Chlorella vulgaris Pada Skala Laboratorium." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 14, no. 2 (December 19, 2012): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.14.2.73-77.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Accumulation household organic waste caused environtment disturbances such as bad odor, methan occur, stoppage canal water, and disease spread. Organic waste processing are needed in order to reduce this problem. Processing household waste into composs was one way to reduce organic waste accumulation. The objective of this study is to determine optimal dose household composs for Chlorella vulgaris growth. Research are done in two phase within 9 days of each. Composs liquid doses for main research are 6%,7%,8%, 10%, and Walne fertilizer used as control. Result show effect of household composs on Chlorella vulgaris growth. Optimal doses for Chlorella vulgaris growth are composs liquid doses 8% and 10%. Key word: Household composs, Growth, Chlorella vulgaris.
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Fitriyanto, Eko Bambang, Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati, and Riche Hariyati. "Kemampuan Chaetoceros calcitrans (Paulsen) Takano dalam Menurunkan Kadar Logam Berat Tembaga (Cu) pada Limbah Tekstil." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 18, no. 2 (December 29, 2016): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.18.2.102-106.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Textile industries produce waste as one of the industrial product processing. One of pollutants in liquid waste is heavy metal ion. The heavy metals which were found in textile waste is Copper. Copper is one of the metals which are needed in trace element and essentially for the organism. But if its amounts were high, the function will change as a toxin in the body. Physical and chemical remediation method need expensive price but it is not effective. Another alternative method that can be used is bioremediation with micro algae, called phycoremediation. One of micro algae that was used for phycoremediation agent is Chaetoceros calcitrans (Paulsen) Takano is easy to be cultured. The objective of this research is to study the growth of the population and the percentageof Cu reduction after inoculation using C. calcitrans (Paulsen) Takano.Chaetoceros calcitrans (Paulsen) Takano was cultivated in textile waste in seven days wereobserved the population and the percentage of Cu reduction. The environment factors such as salinity, pH, light intensity should be kept for their stability. During seven days,C. calcitrans (Paulsen) Takano able decreased 20% of Cu concentration ( from 0.595 mg/l to 0.478 mg/l ) in seven days and the number of cells 2,8 × 106 cell/ml. Keywords: Chaetoceros calcitrans, heavy metal, phycoremediation, copper
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Cahyaningrum, Emi, W. Wijanarka, and Arina Tri Lunggani. "Isolasi dan Pengaruh Monosodium Glutamat terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Proteolitik Limbah Cair Tahu." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 23, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.23.2.84-90.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The tofu industry in Indonesia is growing rapidly. Tofu liquid waste is usually discharged into the waters and causes water pollution. An efficient way to overcome this problem is to utilize tofu liquid waste. Tofu liquid waste contains proteolytic bacteria that are useful in industry. The increase in bacterial growth is done by adding substances, one of which is the addition of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG). MSG contains glutamate which plays a role in protein synthesis. This study aims to isolate proteolytic bacteria and determine the effect of MSG on the growth of proteolytic bacteria in tofu liquid waste. The research methods included isolation, purification, morphological characterization, calculation of the Proteolytic Index (IP), testing the effect of MSG concentration on growth and protease activity, and data analysis. The MSG concentration used was 0 gr/L; 0.5 gr/L; 1 g/L and 1.5 g/L. The design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The results obtained four isolates with different morphological characteristics. The isolate that had the highest IP value was the fourth isolate of 3,206 and was used for the test. The effect of MSG on growth and protease activity was highest at a concentration of 1.5 g/L at 24 hours. The highest protease enzyme activity was 0.0756 U/mL. The results of the ANOVA analysis showed a significant effect (p<0.05) on the administration of MSG on the growth of the four proteolytic bacterial isolates of tofu wastewater
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Prambodo, Muhammad Sindhunata, Riche Hariyati, and Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati. "Spirulina platensis Geitler sebagai Fikoremediator Logam Berat Pb Skala Laboratorium." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 18, no. 2 (August 9, 2016): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.18.2.64-69.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Industrial waste contributes the heavy metals pollution in the environment, especially in the water. One of the heavy metals that pollute the environment is lead (Pb). Lead is a substance that is harmful to organisms, especially humans, both adults and children. Solutions to tackle Pb pollution isby remediation process. Physical and chemical remediation methods usually costly and ineffective. One of the alternative methods which is used is the bioremediation uses microalgae or called as phycoremediation. One of microalgae which is used as agents of phycoremediation is Spirulina platensis Geitler because it’s easily cultured and it’s abundant in nature. This study aims to assess the population growth and the percentage reduction of Pb after inoculated with the use of Spirulina platensis Geitler. The method which is to cultivate S. platensis Geitler in brackish watermedia with a salinity of 15 ppt which have been added Pb with a concentration of 1 mg, 3 mg, and 5 mg for 8 days and observed the population and the percentage reduction of Pb heavy metals. Environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, pH, light intensity are conditioned to remain stable. After 8 days of research, study was able to reduce Pb. Each treatment has different concentrations decrease. Treatment Pb 1 mg of 0.949 into 0.603 mg / L; Pb 3 mg of 2.894 to 2.46 mg / L; and Pb 5 mg of 4.88 to 4.31 mg / L, with each percentage decline of 36%, 15% and 12%. The Pb 3 mg treatment has higher cell population (129.367 cell / ml) than control (106.600 cell/ml) while 1 mg and 5 mg treatment has 93.700 cell / ml and 93.500 cell / ml. Keywords: Spirulina platensis, phycoremediation, waste, lead.
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Muhammad, Fuad, Sambas Basuni, Aris Munandar, and Herry Purnomo. "Kajian Daya Dukung Ekowisata Hutan Mangrove Blanakan, Subang, Jawa Barat." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 14, no. 2 (December 21, 2012): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.14.2.64-72.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Growth in tourist arrivals at ecotourism mangrove in Blanakan can cause a threat to the preservation of conservation areas and tourist attraction. This happens when the utilization of the region exceeds its carrying capacity. The aims of This study to identify the carrying capacity of ecotourism mangrove in Blanakan as conservation areas are used for tourism activities. The results showed that the carrying capacity the ecotourism mangrove in Blanakan is 425 visitors per day. Pollution load simulation results showed that ecotourism mangrove Blanakan had suffered pollution by phosphate, ammonia pollution carrying capacity will be passed in 2019 and organic waste in the year 2011 to 2013, while nitrate and garbage until the year 2032 has not been exceeded. Key words: ecotourism, mangrove, carrying capacity
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Septiani, Arom, W. Wijanarka, and MG Isworo Rukmi. "Produksi Enzim Selulase Dari Bakteri Serratia marcescens KE-B6 Dengan Penambahan Sumber Karbon, Nitrogen dan Kalsium Pada Medium Produksi." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 19, no. 2 (February 3, 2018): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.19.2.159-163.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The waste of cellulose in the agro-industry can be reduced by decomposing the cellulose polymer into glucose. This process was carried out by cellulase enzyme (EC 3.2.1.4) produced by cellulolytic bacteria. Bacteria required food as nutrition to survived their life, can be obtained through growth medium or enzyme production medium. Carbon, nitrogen and calcium belong to the essential nutrients contained in growth medium and enzyme production medium. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the addition of carbon, nitrogen and calcium source and the time of incubation on the production of cellulase enzyme from Seratia marcescens KE-B6 bacteria. This research used Completely Randomized Design (RAL) of Factorial Pattern with two factors. The first factor is the type of medium, the first medium is the standard medium (M1) and the second medium is enriched with carbon, nitrogen and calcium sources (M2), the second factor is the incubation time with 5 repetitions. The enzyme production is measured by the reducing sugar method. The data obtained were analyzed using Anova. The results showed that the addition of carbon, nitrogen, and calcium sources and incubation time did not affect the production of cellulase enzyme by Serratia marcescens KE-B6. Keywords: Cellulose, Cellulase enzyme, Serratia marcescens
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Cândido, Thayná Rhomana da Silva, Rafael de Souza Mendonça, Uiara Maria de Barros Lira Lins, Adriana Ferreira de Souza, Dayana Montero Rodriguez, Galba Maria de Campos-Takaki, and Rosileide Fontenele da Silva Andrade. "Production of biosurfactants by Mucoralean fungi isolated from Caatinga bioma soil using industrial waste as renewable substrates." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): e13411225332. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25332.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this work it was investigated the potential of Mucorales fungi isolated from the Caatinga of Pernambuco state for production of biosurfactants using renewable substrates. The strains (Mucor circinelloides UCP 0005, M. circinelloides UCP 0006 and Rhizopus arrhizus UCP 1609) were cultivated in alternative culture media consisting of instant noodle waste (INW), corn steep liquor (CSL) and post-frying soybean oil (PFSO), according to conditions established by a 23 full-factorial design (FFD). The production of biosurfactants was evaluated by determining surface tension and emulsification index (EI24) and statistical analysis was performed using Pareto diagram. The presence of the main sources of carbon and nitrogen in production medium was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. According to the results, the three fungi evaluated were able of produce biosurfactant in media containing renewable sources. However, the strain that showed the greatest reduction in surface tension (72 to 27 mN/m) was M. circinelloides UCP 0006 in condition 3 of the FFD (1% INW and 4% CSL, in absence of PFSO). The infrared analysis of the INW showed the presence of carbohydrates, fatty acids and proteins, proving that this is a suitable substrate for the cultivation of fungi. The biosurfactants produced by M. circinelloides UCP 0005 and M. circinelloides UCP 0006 were able to form water-in-oil emulsions and the biosurfactant from R. arrhizus UCP 1609 formed oil-in-water emulsions. The present study demonstrated that the three Mucorales fungi tested were able to produce biosurfactants from renewable sources, with emphasis on M. circinelloides UCP 0006.
Дисертації з теми "Waste bioma"
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Santos, Wanderléia Rodrigues dos. "Isolamento de fungos do bioma pantanal e estudos da produção de xilanase e celulase /." Ilha Solteira, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144546.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Heloiza Ferreira Alves do PradoResumo: Diante do recente interesse em valorizar os fungos degradadores da biomassa lignocelulósica oriunda das atividades agrícolas, agroindustriais e de florestas plantadas, torna-se necessário a prospecção de novos micro-organismos e a partir destes estudar seu potencial, bem como fatores que afetam o seu desenvolvimento, a produção de enzimas, e o rendimento como um todo. Após uma breve introdução e revisão de literatura, tem-se o Capítulo I expondo parte do projeto, onde o objetivo de estudo foi isolar e selecionar fungos da região do Pantanal Sul-mato-grossense, e testar sua eficiência na produção das enzimas xilanase, carboximetilcelulase (CMCase) e avicelase tendo 1% de palha de milho e papelão como substratos indutores no meio líquido de isolamento testados na temperatura de 35 e 45 °C. Neste processo, um total de 111 fungos foram obtidos, onde 80,7% dos isolados em meio contendo palha de milho, cresceram a temperatura de 35 °C e os isolados induzidos meio contendo papelão, 63,0% se manifestaram a 45 °C. O isolado WPPM 922 obteve as maiores atividades enzimáticas com 614,5 U g- 1, e 107,3 U g-1 e 5,37 U g- 1 para atividade de xilanase, CMCase e avicelase respectivamente, fermentado em farelo de trigo em 96 h a 35 °C. Oito isolados e o Trichoderma asperelloides F22, foram selecionados para avaliação do seu potencial na produção enzimática utilizando 6 tipos de resíduos agrícolas e agroindustriais. A casca de arroz foi o substrato que mais induziu as enzimas xilanase e CMCase ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Doutor
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GORI, MANUELA. "Characterization and treatment options of residues from waste-to-energy plants." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/1255.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le bottom ash (BA) rappresentano il residuo solido prodotto in maggior quantità dagli impianti di trattamento termico dei rifiuti. Molti paesi europei consentono il riutilizzo di questi materiali nell’industria dei materiali da costruzione, in quella siderurgica e nel settore di sottofondi stradali.
A causa del rischio legato al possibile rilascio di specie contaminanti, le scorie possono porre problemi una volta reimmesse nell’ambiente. Tali materiali, pertanto, prima di essere posti in discarica o proposti per un eventuale recupero, possono necessitare di un idoneo pretrattamento. I trattamenti più semplici e più comunemente utilizzati sono la separazione dimensionale, la rimozione dei metalli magnetici e non magnetici e la maturazione. Fra i trattamenti più avanzati ci sono, invece, i processi di stabilizzazione/solidificazione e quelli termici di vetrificazione, fusione e sinterizzazione. La scelta del trattamento dipende da condizioni sito-specifiche, dagli obiettivi di recupero e dai limiti normativi. In ogni caso, nella scelta del pre-trattamento è necessario porre particolare attenzione ai costi sia operativi che di investimento.
Il principale obiettivo della presente tesi di dottorato è stato quello di valutare l’effetto dei pre-trattamenti di separazione dimensionale e maturazione (o weathering) applicati a residui da processi di incenerimento di rifiuti. In particolare sono stati considerati i seguenti materiali:
- BA da impianti di incenerimento a griglia di RSU;
- BA da impianti di incenerimento a griglia di biomasse;
- Residui vetrificati da impianti di gassificazione ad alta temperatura di combustibile da rifiuti (RDF).
Il trattamento di separazione dimensionale è stato applicato a due campioni di BA provenienti da due diversi impianti di gassificazione di RDF ad alta temperatura. I residui sono stati caratterizzati con riferimento ai seguenti parametri: distribuzione granulometrica, peso specifico dei costituenti solidi, caratteristiche di compattazione, permeabilità, contenuto d’acqua e composizione chimica. Il comportamento a lisciviazione è stato valutato mediante il test di cessione EN 12457-2, il test per la determinazione della Capacità di Neutralizzazione Acida (ANC) secondo la metodica TS 14429 ed il test di Availability (NEN 7371). I risultati della indagini analitiche hanno evidenziato delle marcate differenze fra i due materiali considerati. In un caso le concentrazioni dei metalli pesanti negli eluati sono sempre risultate inferiori rispetto ai limiti imposti dalla normativa per il recupero o il conferimento in discarica per rifiuti inerti ed i contaminanti sono risultati uniformemente distribuiti fra le differenti classi granulometriche. Per l’altro materiale analizzato, le concentrazioni di Cu, Cr e Ni sono risultate superiori rispetto ai limiti fissati per il recupero. Tuttavia, per lo stesso campione, i risultati sperimentali hanno evidenziato una maggiore concentrazione di Cu e Ni nelle frazioni più fini. Di conseguenza il pre-trattamento di separazione dimensionale potrebbe dimostrarsi efficiente nel ridurre il contenuto di tali metalli nel residuo. Dall’altra parte, invece, il Cr è risultato presente in maniera pressoché uniforme in tutte le classi granulometriche, rendendo quindi la separazione dimensionale non idonea per la sua rimozione.
Per quanto riguarda il trattamento di weathering di BA da impianti di incenerimento di RSU e biomasse, i residui sono stati analizzati a successivi steps di trattamento e caratterizzati in termini di composizione chimica e mineralogica, stabilità volumetrica e tendenza a lisciviazione sia a breve che a lungo termine. I metalli risultati più critici sono stati Pb, Zn e Cu. Dopo 12 settimane di trattamento, la concentrazione di Zn è diminuita in maniera significativa per tutti i materiali considerati, mentre per il Pb si è osservata una lieve diminuzione solo per le BA da biomasse. Le concentrazioni di Pb negli eluati si sono rivelate indipendenti dal pH ed inferiori rispetto alle concentrazioni di saturazione fissate da idrossido di piombo (Pb(OH)2), anglesite (PbSO4) e currusite (PbCO3). Il comportamento a lisciviazione del Cu è risultato strettamente correlato a fenomeni di complessazione con il carbonio organico disciolto.
Il test ANC ha permesso di condurre una analisi maggiormente dettagliata del processo di weathering, con particolare riferimento alla correlazione fra trasformazioni di carattere mineralogico e comportamento a lisciviazione dei metalli pesanti.
Il trattamento, infine, si è dimostrato efficace nel garantire ai materiali una adeguata stabilità volumetrica.
Per quanto riguarda l’effetto del weathering applicato a residui da processi di gassificazione ad alta temperatura di RDF, la ricerca è stata condotta su un singolo campione, facendo riferimento alle diverse classi granulometriche. Il trattamento si è dimostrato efficace nel ridurre la tendenza a lisciviazione dei metalli anfoteri quali Zn e Pb, mentre non ha avuto effetti benefici sul comportamento dei metalli che tendono a formare ossianioni, fra cui il Cr. La tendenza a lisciviazione del Cu non è apparsa influenzata dal processo di maturazione. Alla fine del trattamento Cu e Cr sono risultati i metalli più critici per il recupero o il conferimento in discarica per inerti del materiale oggetto di studio.Bottom ash (BA) is the residue produced in greatest amount from incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW). Several countries allow the use of BA for civil engineering applications, as road construction, embankment, pavement, aggregate, filler for concrete, asphalt, or low-cost tiles. In these cases, leaching of heavy metals is a major issue and can limit the feasibility of these reuse options. In order to comply with limits set by law for leaching of heavy metals, several options are available for treating MSW combustion residues: solidification, stabilization, vitrification, classification by granulometric size particles and ageing or weathering. The choice of the treatment depends on site specific conditions, utilization or disposal objectives and law requirements. When an ash treatment method must be chosen, much attention must be payed to investment and operating costs. The main objective of this doctoral thesis was to investigate the effect of size separation and weathering as pre-treatments applied to different residues from waste incineration plants. The following materials were chosen for the experimental activities: - BA from MSW grate furnace combustion plants; - BA from wood waste grate furnace combustion plants; - vitrified residues from refuse derived fuel (RDF) high-temperature gasification plants. Size separation was applied to BA from two high temperature RDF gasification plants. These residues were analysed for the following parameters: grain size distribution, specific gravity, compaction behaviour, hydraulic conductivity, water content and chemical composition. Besides, leaching characteristics were also investigated by means of the EN 12457-2 batch leaching test, the TS 14429 Acid Neutralization Capacity (ANC) test and the Availability Test (NEN 7371). Results of the analytical investigations showed marked differences between the two investigated BA. In one case the levels of heavy metals were always below the Italian regulatory limits for either reuse or disposal as inert waste and a there was a uniform contaminant distribution above the different grain size classes. In the other case Cu, Cr and Ni were above the limits set for reuse. Moreover, the finest fractions appeared to be more contaminated in Cu and Ni and a size separation pre-treatment could be considered as a viable solution to reduce their content in BA. On the other hand, Cr was more or less evenly distributed in all the grain size classes, making the size separation pre-treatment not effective for this metal. As regards weathering treatment of BA from MSW and wood waste grate furnace combustion plants, the residues were analysed at different steps of treatment and characterized for their chemical and mineralogical composition, volume stability and both short term as well as long term leaching behaviour. Pb, Zn and Cu were the heavy metals to be released in greatest amount. After 12 weeks of treatment the concentration of leached Zn fell significantly in both cases, while for Pb it was possible to observe a concentration decrease only for biomass. Lead concentrations seemed to be independent from the BA pH and undersaturated with respect to lead hydroxide (Pb(OH)2), anglesite (PbSO4) and cerrusite (PbCO3). Leaching of Cu was well described by complexation processes with dissolved organic carbon. ANC test permitted to carry out analysis of the weathering process, with particular reference to mineralogical transformation and behaviour of heavy metals. The treatment resulted to be effective to comply with law limits concerning volume stability. As regards the effects of natural weathering on RDF high-temperature gasification residues, the study was conducted on a single BA sample and with reference to different grain size fractions. Significant results were obtained for the leaching of amphoteric elements such as Zn and Pb, while for oxyanion forming elements, such as Cr, it did not exert beneficial effects. Leaching of Cu appeared to be not affected by weathering. Cr and Cu resulted to be the most critical elements in view of recycling or disposal as inert waste.
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Hyslop, Brian T. "The effects of colliery waste on littoral species and communities." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320539.
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Scheufele, Fabiano Bisinella. "Bioconversão de resíduos agroindustriais por micro-organismos do bioma amazônico produtores de enzimas lignocelulolíticas." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2012. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1906.
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Lignocellulosic biomass has high yields of cellulose which can be hydrolyzed to fermentable carbohydrates. Global generation of agro-industrial wastes grows simultaneously with the sector development resulting at the accumulation of lignocellulosic residues leading environmental pollution and loss of potential materials for the bioconversion to a wide range of high added value products, such as biofuels. Recently, the search of renewable sources of energy has grown, due to the depleting of fossil fuels, increasing the possibility at the conversion of the lignocellulosic biomass via hydrolytic enzymes. The aim of this work was evaluate cellulases production by lignocellulolytic fungi from the Amazonic biome aiming at the bioconversion of the agro-industrial residues. Submerged and solid-state fermentations were performed to select the microorganism with superior cellulase productive capacity. The influence of parameters such as pH, surfactant induction (Tween 80), aeration and agitation, besides the alkaline oxidative treatment of the sugarcane bagasse. Statistical design were carried out to estimate the influence of the moisture and the initial pH at cellulases production by solid-state fermentation. Trichoderma sp. and Aspergillus niger performed the best production of enzymes, where the highest yields of total cellulase were obtained by agitated submerged fermentation with sugarcane bagasse pretreated with H2O2 (1%) reaching 0.265 U.mL-1 (12.915 U.g-1) by Trichoderma sp. at the sugarcane bagasse, and 0.155 U.mL-1 (7.549 U.g-1) by Aspergillus niger. Through solid state fermentations with the pretreated sugarcane bagasse the influence of initial pH and the moisture were evaluated by statistical design. In the case of the Trichoderma sp. both parameters were significant at the cellulase production, as well as the synergistic interaction, within the confidence interval of 95%, yielding 0.167 U.mL-1 (2.695 U.g-1), at the pH 7.0 and 1:9 solid-liquid ratio. For Aspergillus niger only pH was significant and the cellulase content obtained was 0.098 U.mL-1 (1.695 U.g-1) at pH 7.0. Finally, a cellulase produced by Trichoderma sp. at solid state fermentation and a commercial enzyme were used at enzymatic hydrolysis tests. The parameters hydrolysis time, enzyme dilution, concentration of Tween 80 and solid-liquid ratio of sugarcane bagasse were evaluated. The significant variables were then optimized by a central composite rotational design. The strain of Trichoderma sp. from the Amazon biome showed potential at the cellulase production and the treated sugarcane bagasse was a fine substrate for the enzymatic production.
A biomassa lignocelulósica contêm altos teores de celulose e outros polissacarídeos em sua constituição química, podendo ser hidrolisados em açúcares fermentescíveis. A geração de resíduos agroindustriais anual tem crescido resultando no acúmulo de resíduos que contribuem para a poluição do meio ambiente e na perda de materiais que possuem potencial na bioconversão a produtos de alto valor agregado, como por exemplo, biocombustíveis. Recentemente, há a necessidade de fontes energéticas de origem renovável, devido à diminuição dos combustíveis fósseis, viabilizando a conversão das biomassas lignocelulósicas via enzimas hidrolíticas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de enzimas celulases por fungos lignocelulolíticos provenientes do bioma amazônico visando a bioconversão de resíduos agroindustriais. Diferentes fermentações foram realizadas, tanto em meio submerso quanto em estado sólido, através das quais selecionou-se os micro-organismos com melhor capacidade produtiva de celulases. Estudou-se a influência de parâmetros como pH, utilização de surfactante como indutor (Tween 80), aeração e agitação, além do tratamento alcalino oxidativo do bagaço de cana. Os micro-organismos que apresentaram melhor desempenho na produção das enzimas foram o Trichoderma sp. e o Aspergillus niger, sendo que os maiores níveis de celulase total foram obtidos por fermentação submersa nos ensaios agitados com bagaço de cana pré-tratado com H2O2 (1%), com 0,265 U.mL-1 (12,915 U.g-1) pelo Trichoderma sp., e 0,155 U.mL-1 (7,549 U.g-1) com Aspergillus niger. A partir de fermentações em estado sólido com o bagaço de cana pré-tratado avaliou-se a influência dos parâmetros pH inicial e umidade por planejamentos experimentais, verificando-se que para o Trichoderma sp. ambos os parâmetros, bem como a interação sinergética entre si, foram significativos dentro do intervalo de confiança de 95%, obtendo-se 0,167 U.mL-1 (2,695 U.g-1) no pH 7,0 e relação sólido-líquido 1:9. No caso do Aspergillus niger apenas o pH foi significativo e o teor de celulase obtido foi de 0,098 U.mL-1 (1,695 U.g-1) para um pH 7,0. Finalmente, a partir de uma celulase produzida por fermentação em estado sólido do Trichoderma sp. e uma enzima comercial foi realizada a avaliação da influência dos parâmetros tempo de hidrólise, diluição da enzima, concentração de Tween 80 e razão sólido-líquido do bagaço de cana sobre a hidrólise do mesmo. As variáveis significativas foram, posteriormente, otimizadas por um delineamento composto central rotacional. A cepa Trichoderma sp. proveniente do bioma amazônico apresentou potencial na produção de celulases e o o bagaço de cana submetido ao tratamento alcalino oxidativo apresentou-se como um bom substrato para a produção enzimática.
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PRACUCCI, Alessandro. "Smart Biogas Grid: biogas utilization to operate diffused micro-generation solutions in urban areas through the bio-waste exploitation." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2488164.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
'Smart Biogas Grid' investigates the potential, the opportunity and the applicability of biogas systems as renewable energy source within urban district. The research uses a multi and inter-disciplinary approach inside a systemic view to analyze aspects that affect biogas promotion and diffusion within existing urban patterns. Urban biogas involves considerations that, starting from bio-waste separated collection of household waste, garden waste and wastewater, sets solution to use biogas as energy vector suitable to activate processes of local engagement with results in environmental, energy, normative, technological, social and economic fields. The result of the research is the promotion of a systemic vision in which biogas technological components set a valuable network of actions, relations and skills that modify district and its community. 'Smart Biogas Grid' is a technological innovation system that directs the promotion of a socio-technical transition using local material and immaterial resources, supporting stakeholders with decision-making tools.
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Luo, Qian. "GC/ion trap MS method development and applications for the analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in environmental and biota samples." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2008. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/864.
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Gudichuttu, Vindhya. "Phytostabilization of multi-metal contaminated mine waste materials: long-term monitoring of influence of soil amendments on soil properties, plants, and biota and the avoidance response of earthworms." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16989.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Agronomy
Ganga M. Hettiarachchi
Mine waste materials from the Tri-State mining region in Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma pose environmental hazards. The area is contaminated with trace elements, such as Pb, Zn and Cd, which are transported to surrounding areas through water, wind erosion, and runoff. Phytostabilization or establishing healthy vegetative cover could be used to reduce or control these contaminated materials from further spreading with wind and water. However, further research is needed to monitor the long-term sustainability and assess if high applications of compost amendments could help to facilitate soil reclamation. The overall focus of this thesis was to monitor long-term effects of compost or lime additions at two different rates, with or without other soil amendments, on soil properties, plants, and soil biota. We used the earthworm avoidance test as a screening tool for testing effects of soil amendments on ecotoxicity. In the first field study, pelletized manure compost additions of 448 Mg ha⁻¹ significantly decreased the bioavailable Pb, Zn, and Cd while increasing plant nutrients, vegetative cover, and plant biomass as compared to the contaminated control and the low addition of compost (224 Mg ha⁻¹) over 2.5 years. Plant tissue metal concentrations with compost addition did not show any phytotoxicity in this study. Lime additions did not show any significant effect on any of the measurements. Results from the first study suggest that one time addition of large quantities of compost at 224 to 448 Mg ha⁻¹ can support establishing and maintaining healthy vegetative cover at least for a 2.5 year period. In the second field study, long-term monitoring of the effectiveness of the amendments was studied. Compost was applied at two different rates (45 or 269 Mg ha⁻¹) in 2006. Various chemical properties, microbial activities, and vegetative growth or plant biomass were measured approximately for 4.5 years to evaluate long-term changes in soil quality and sustainability of phytostabilization efforts, when combined or assisted with soil amendments to improve the quality of trace element-contaminated mine waste materials. Plants grown with compost additions of 269 Mg ha⁻¹ showed higher nutrients, biomass, and enzyme activities as compared to plants grown on the contaminated control and with the low addition of compost (45 Mg ha⁻¹) over 4.5 years. Decrease in plant biomass and enzyme activities seen in the high compost treatments by the end of the study period suggested that long-term sustainability of these efforts may require repeated addition of soil amendments every 4 to 5 years. Additionally, a laboratory study was conducted to assess the long-term effects of treatments used in the second field study on ecotoxicity using the avoidance behavior responses of the earthworm Eisenia fetida. There was no mortality of earthworms after a 48 h exposure period of any of these treated and untreated mine waste materials. Avoidance was clear for the contaminated control and the low compost treatment (45 Mg ha⁻¹). Moreover, the contaminated control did show habitat limitation (< 20% of earthworms was found in test soil). Current research studies provide evidence that, high rates of compost applications can be used to stabilize and reduce the bioavailability of trace elements in mine waste materials.
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Prokopčiuk, Nina. "Application of probabilistic methods for ionizing radiation dose assessment." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20111201_142318-45933.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this doctoral dissertation is to assess the probable impact of ionizing radiation on the public health and the environment (including fauna and flora) in the vicinity of nuclear power engineering objects (in case of the Maišiagala near-surface radioactive waste repository – by evaluating the possible impact on the human health, while in case of the Ignalina NPP cooling basin, Lake Drūkšiai – by evaluating the possible impact on the freshwater ecosystem biota) by applying probabilistic methods as well as to determine whether this activity after assessment of its character and impact on the environment meets the standards valid in the Republic of Lithuania or in the European Union and is permissible at a selected site at present or in the future.
In the work two main programs, RESRAD-OFFSITE and ERICA, using scattering of site-specific parameter values and probabilistic (correlation, regressive, sensitivity, etc.) analysis, have been applied.
It has been determined that in the environment of the Maišiagala repository after installation of additional protective barriers the annual effective human exposure dose is significantly lower as compared to the limited dose and 95th percentile dose not exceed the exposure of 1 mSv per year regulated in the hygiene standards.
The exposure dose rate of standardized organisms of Lake Drūkšiai, the Ignalina NPP cooler, freshwater ecosystem biota due to the INPP discharges and waterway radionuclide migration from a hypothetic... [to full text]Šios daktaro disertacijos tikslas - įvertinti galimą jonizuojančiosios spinduliuotės poveikį visuomenės sveikatai ir aplinkai (tame tarpe gyvūnijai ir augalijai) branduolinės energetikos objektų aplinkoje (Maišiagalos radioaktyviųjų atliekų saugyklos atveju - vertinant galimą poveikį žmogui, ir IAE aušintuvo Drūkšių ežero atveju - vertinant galimą poveikį gėlavandenės ekosistemos biotai), taikant tikimybinius metodus; nustatyti, ar ši veikla, įvertinus jos pobūdi ir poveikį aplinkai, atitinka Lietuvos Respublikoje arba Europos Sąjungoje galiojančius standartus, yra leistina pasirinktoje vietoje dabartiniu laikotarpiu arba ateityje. Darbe buvo taikomos 2 pagrindinės programos: RESRAD-OFFSITE ir ERICA., naudojant vietines sąlygas atitinkančius parametrų verčių išbarstymą, taikant tikimybinę (koreliacinę, regresinę, jautrio ir kt.) analizę. Nustatyta, kad, įrengus papildomus apsauginius barjerus, Maišiagalos saugyklos aplinkoje metinė efektinė gyventojų apšvitos dozė yra ženkliai mažesnė lyginant su apribotosios dozės dydžiu, 95 procentilė nesiekia higienos normose patvirtintos 1mSv per metus ribinės dozės dydžio. Ignalinos AE aušintuvo Drūkšių ežero gėlavandenės ekosistemos biotos standartizuotųjų organizmų apšvitos dozės galia dėl IAE nuotekų ir radionuklidų sklaidos vandens keliu iš hipotetinio Stabatiškės radioaktyviųjų atliekų kapinyno rodo, kad apšvitos dozės galia dėl antropogeninės kilmės radionuklidų jonizuojančiosios spinduliuotės poveikio neviršija Europos Sąjungoje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Prokopčiuk, Nina. "Tikimybinių metodų taikymas apšvitos jonizuojančiąja spinduliuote dozių vertinimui." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20111201_142309-27261.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Šios daktaro disertacijos tikslas - įvertinti galimą jonizuojančiosios spinduliuotės poveikį visuomenės sveikatai ir aplinkai (tame tarpe gyvūnijai ir augalijai) branduolinės energetikos objektų aplinkoje (Maišiagalos radioaktyviųjų atliekų saugyklos atveju - vertinant galimą poveikį žmogui, ir IAE aušintuvo Drūkšių ežero atveju - vertinant galimą poveikį gėlavandenės ekosistemos biotai), taikant tikimybinius metodus; nustatyti, ar ši veikla, įvertinus jos pobūdi ir poveikį aplinkai, atitinka Lietuvos Respublikoje arba Europos Sąjungoje galiojančius standartus, yra leistina pasirinktoje vietoje dabartiniu laikotarpiu arba ateityje.
Darbe buvo taikomos 2 pagrindinės programos: RESRAD-OFFSITE ir ERICA., naudojant vietines sąlygas atitinkančius parametrų verčių išbarstymą, taikant tikimybinę (koreliacinę, regresinę, jautrio ir kt.) analizę.
Nustatyta, kad, įrengus papildomus apsauginius barjerus, Maišiagalos saugyklos aplinkoje metinė efektinė gyventojų apšvitos dozė yra ženkliai mažesnė lyginant su apribotosios dozės dydžiu, 95 procentilė nesiekia higienos normose patvirtintos 1mSv per metus ribinės dozės dydžio.
Ignalinos AE aušintuvo Drūkšių ežero gėlavandenės ekosistemos biotos standartizuotųjų organizmų apšvitos dozės galia dėl IAE nuotekų ir radionuklidų sklaidos vandens keliu iš hipotetinio Stabatiškės radioaktyviųjų atliekų kapinyno rodo, kad apšvitos dozės galia dėl antropogeninės kilmės radionuklidų jonizuojančiosios spinduliuotės poveikio neviršija Europos Sąjungoje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The aim of this doctoral dissertation is to assess the probable impact of ionizing radiation on the public health and the environment (including fauna and flora) in the vicinity of nuclear power engineering objects (in case of the Maišiagala near-surface radioactive waste repository – by evaluating the possible impact on the human health, while in case of the Ignalina NPP cooling basin, Lake Drūkšiai – by evaluating the possible impact on the freshwater ecosystem biota) by applying probabilistic methods as well as to determine whether this activity after assessment of its character and impact on the environment meets the standards valid in the Republic of Lithuania or in the European Union and is permissible at a selected site at present or in the future. In the work two main programs, RESRAD-OFFSITE and ERICA, using scattering of site-specific parameter values and probabilistic (correlation, regressive, sensitivity, etc.) analysis, have been applied. It has been determined that in the environment of the Maišiagala repository after installation of additional protective barriers the annual effective human exposure dose is significantly lower as compared to the limited dose and 95th percentile dose not exceed the exposure of 1 mSv per year regulated in the hygiene standards. The exposure dose rate of standardized organisms of Lake Drūkšiai, the Ignalina NPP cooler, freshwater ecosystem biota due to the INPP discharges and waterway radionuclide migration from a hypothetic... [to full text]
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COLICA, GIOVANNI. "Use of microorganisms in the removal of pollutants from the wastewater." Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/572496.
Повний текст джерелаКниги з теми "Waste bioma"
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Shahnawaz, Mohd, Manisha K. Sangale, Zhu Daochen, and Avinash B. Ade, eds. Impact of Plastic Waste on the Marine Biota. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5403-9.
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Bird, G. A. Nuclide concentration factors for freshwater biota. Pinawa, Man: AECL, Whiteshell Laboratories, 1996.
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Amiro, B. D. Radiological dose conversion factors for non-human biota for Canada's nuclear fuel waste disposal concept assessment. Pinawa, Man: AECL, Whiteshell Nuclear Research Establishment, 1992.
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Agency, International Atomic Energy, ed. Sediment distribution coefficients and concentration factors for biota in the marine environment. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 2004.
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Montana. Dept. of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks. Preliminary endangerment assessment: Effect of metals contamination at Old Works Operable Unit on aquatic biota of Warm Springs Creek, Montana. Helena, Mont: Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, 1988.
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Cushing, C. E. Radionuclide accumulation by aquatic biota exposed to contaminated water in artificial ecosystems before and after its passage through the ground. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1988.
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Cushing, C. E. Radionuclide accumulation by aquatic biota exposed to contaminated water in artificial ecosystems before and after its passage through the ground. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1988.
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Kalin, Margarete A. A feasibility investigation of the potential use of the "Chara process" and indigenous biota as passive polishing agents for cyanide in waste liquors at Arvida. Toronto, Ont: Boojum Research, 1985.
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Shahnawaz, Mohd, Manisha K. Sangale, Zhu Daochen, and Avinah B. Ade. Impact of Plastic Waste on the Marine Biota. Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, 2021.
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Publications, Words and. Green Energy: Biomas Fuels and the Environment/Sales No E.91.Iii.D.5. United Nations, 1991.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Waste bioma"
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El-Sheekh, Mostafa M., Hassan A. H. Ibrahim, Khouloud M. Barakat, Nayrah A. Shaltout, Waleed M. M. EL Sayed, Reda A. I. Abou-Shanab, and Michael J. Sadowsky. "Potential of Marine Biota and Bio-waste Materials as Feedstock for Biofuel Production." In Waste Management, 123–39. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429341106-7.
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Sangale, Manisha K., Mohd Shahnawaz, Rahul Kapoore, Zhu Daochen, and Avinash B. Ade. "Generation and Management of Macroplastic Waste." In Impact of Plastic Waste on the Marine Biota, 21–36. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5403-9_2.
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Moyo, Mufaro, and Thabo Falayi. "Generation and Management of Microplastic Waste." In Impact of Plastic Waste on the Marine Biota, 3–20. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5403-9_1.
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Li, Wai Chin, Hin Fung Tse, Ho Man Leung, and Ying Kit Yue. "Degradation of Plastic Waste in the Marine Environment." In Impact of Plastic Waste on the Marine Biota, 143–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5403-9_8.
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Bhusare, Bhushan P., Vasudeo P. Zambare, Tasadoq Hussain Jaweed, and Mohd Shahnawaz. "Ecotoxicological Impact of Plastic Waste on Marine Flora." In Impact of Plastic Waste on the Marine Biota, 257–86. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5403-9_14.
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Mohan, Lakshmi, Elsa Cherian, Jobil J. Arackal, and T. Jayasree Joshi. "Biodegradation of the Macroplastic Waste Using Microbial Approach." In Impact of Plastic Waste on the Marine Biota, 119–41. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5403-9_7.
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Sukmawati, Paramita Dwi, Yuli Pratiwi, Suparni Setyowati Rahayu, and Rahmatunnisa. "Waste Management Evaluation in Bima Regency, NTT Province." In Proceedings of the 3rd Borobudur International Symposium on Humanities and Social Science 2021 (BIS-HSS 2021), 1056–64. Paris: Atlantis Press SARL, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-49-7_176.
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Akhtar, Romana, Mohd Yaseen Sirwal, Khalid Hussain, Mudasir A. Dar, Mohd Shahnawaz, and Zhu Daochen. "Impact of Plastic Waste on the Coral Reefs: An Overview." In Impact of Plastic Waste on the Marine Biota, 239–56. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5403-9_13.
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Dar, Mudasir A., Neeraja P. Dhole, Kiran D. Pawar, Rongrong Xie, Mohd Shahnawaz, Radhakrishna S. Pandit, and Jianzhong Sun. "Ecotoxic Effects of the Plastic Waste on Marine Fauna: An Overview." In Impact of Plastic Waste on the Marine Biota, 287–300. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5403-9_15.
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Ahmad, Syed Abrar, and Varsha Wankhade. "Entry of Macro, Micro, and Nanoplastic in the Food Chain and Their Impact on Marine Life (from Source to Sink)." In Impact of Plastic Waste on the Marine Biota, 211–22. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5403-9_11.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Waste bioma"
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Sva¨rd, Solvie Herstad, Stig Backman, Anders Kullendorff, Hans-A˚ke Tilly, Leo Virta, and Egon Sternga˚rd. "Co-Combustion of Animal Waste in Fluidised Bed Boilers: Operating Experiences and Emission Data." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-135.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Crushed animal waste, given the trade name Biomal, has successfully been combusted in Fluidized Bed Boilers with low emission data. About 500 tons of Biomal were co-combusted in full scale tests in commercial boilers with wood chips, peat and sorted municipal waste. The mixing ratios varied between 30% and 65% depending on the fuel mix. In order to minimize the spread of BSE-infection among cattle a new EU legislation became effective in October 2000. This regulation stipulates that animal waste such as carcasses and SRM (Specific Risk Material) from slaughterhouses has to be destroyed by combustion. The company Konvex AB, which in Sweden is responsible for taking care of this type of animal waste, has together with S.E.P. (Scandinavian Energy Project AB) developed a cost effective concept for using animal waste as a fuel without first processing it into fat and meat meal. The Biomal fuel has been continuously co-combusted for 7 days in a 12 MWth bubbling fluidized bed boiler and for 3 days in a 40 MWth circulating fluidized bed boiler with very good operating performance. During the test periods ordinary emission data such as CO, SO2, NOx, TOC etc. as well as specific compounds such as Dioxins and heavy metals were measured recorded. All data including operating parameters in the EU regulation for co-combustion of waste, EU 2000/76/EG, were met. The CO-levels were below 50 mg/m3n and the TOC-levels were most of the time undetectable and well below 10 mg/m3n. • Despite a much higher nitrogen content in the Biomal fuel compared to wood chips the NOx-emissions were unaffected or in some chases reduced by up to 50% while firing Biomal. • No increased Dioxin emission where measured.
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Hosseini, A., W. J. F. Standring, J. E. Brown, M. Dowdall, and I. B. Amundsen. "Environmental Assessment of Decommissioning Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTG) in Northwest Russia." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7059.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article presents some results from assessment work conducted as part of a joint Norwegian-Russian project to decommission radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTG) in Northwest Russia. Potential worst case accident scenarios, based on the decommissioning procedures for RTGs, were assessed to study possible radiation effects to the environment. Close contact with exposed RTG sources will result in detrimental health effects. However, doses to marine biota from ingestion of radioactivity under the worst-case marine scenario studied were lower than threshold limits given in IAEA literature.
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Shevtsova, Natalie L., Dmitriy I. Gudkov, and Andrian A. Yavnyuk. "Some Aspects of Radioecological Monitoring of High Aquatic Plants From Water-Bodies Within the Chernobyl Accident Exclusion Zone." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16368.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The impact analysis of low doses of ionizing radiation on the breathers in natural populations is an important part of radiobiological studies of non-human biota. The main aim of our studies was to investigate some cytogenetic, morphological and reproductive rates of the common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex. Steud.) from different water bodies within the Chernobyl accident exclusion zone. The absorbed dose rate for littoral emergent plants in sampling water bodies was varied from 1.3E−02 to 1.6E−01 Gy/h. The rate and main types of chromosome aberrations in roots meristems, morphological damages in seed germs, as well as rates of germinating ability and power were analyzed. There were registered rather low rate of germinating ability (14–48%) and germinating power (<1) of seeds from all sampling water bodies with high levels of radioactive contamination in comparison to control ones. Against the general suppressed background the effect of relative stimulation of more affected seeds was observed. With increase of absorbed dose in range of 1.3E−02–1.6E−01 Gy/h the number of germinated seeds was increased. At the same time the number of morphological damages of seeds was increased as well. There was determined the positive correlation between absorbed dose rate and chromosome aberration rate in roots of the common reed from sampling water bodies. The highest rate of chromosome aberrations (up to 17%) were registered in plants with high level of morphological deviations in seeds germs. The data obtained from the complex analysis of natural populations of the common reed from the radioactive contaminated water bodies testify about rather high level of genetic efficiency of low doses of long-term exposure.
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Dawson, Gaynor, and Tom McKeon. "Green Remediation: Enhanced Reductive Dechlorination Using Recycled Rinsewater as Bioremediation Substrate." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7090.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Enhanced reductive dechlorination (ERD) has rapidly become a remedy of choice for use on chlorinated solvent contamination when site conditions allow. With this approach, solutions of an organic substrate are injected into the affected aquifer to stimulate biological growth and the resultant production of reducing conditions in the target zone. Under the reducing conditions, hydrogen is produced and ultimately replaces chlorine atoms on the contaminant molecule causing sequential dechlorination. Under suitable conditions the process continues until the parent hydrocarbon precursor is produced, such as the complete dechlorination of trichloroethylene (TCE) to ethene. The process is optimized by use of a substrate that maximizes hydrogen production per unit cost. When natural biota are not present to promote the desired degradation, inoculates can be added with the substrate. The in-situ method both reduces cost and accelerates cleanup. Successful applications have been extended from the most common chlorinated compounds perchloroethylene (PCE) and TCE and related products of degradation, to perchlorate, and even explosives such as RDX and trinitrotoluene on which nitrates are attacked in lieu of chloride. In recent work, the process has been further improved through use of beverage industry wastewaters that are available at little or no cost. With material cost removed from the equation, applications can maximize the substrate loading without significantly increasing total cost. The extra substrate loading both accelerates reaction rates and extends the period of time over which reducing conditions are maintained. In some cases, the presence of other organic matter in addition to simple sugars provides for longer performance times of individual injections, thereby working in a fashion similar to emulsified vegetable oil. The paper discusses results of applications at three different sites contaminated with chlorinated ethylenes. The applications have included wastewaters of both natural fruit juices and corn syrup solutions from carbonated beverages. Cost implications include both the reduced cost of substrate and the cost avoidance of needing to pay for treatment of the wastewater.
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Little, Richard, John Avis, Nicola Calder, Nava Garisto, Paul Gierszewski, Helen Leung, Laura Limer, et al. "A Preliminary Postclosure Safety Assessment of OPG’s Proposed L&ILW Deep Geologic Repository, Canada." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16289.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ontario Power Generation (OPG) is proposing to build a Deep Geologic Respository (DGR) for Low and Intermediate Level Waste (L&ILW) near the existing Western Waste Management Facility at the Bruce site in the Municipality of Kincardine, Ontario. The Nuclear Waste Management Organization (NWMO), on behalf of OPG, is currently preparing an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) and Preliminary Safety Report (PSR) for the proposed repository. This involves investigation of the site’s geological and surface environmental characteristics, conceptual design of the DGR, and technical studies to demonstrate the operational and long-term safety of the proposed facility. A preliminary postclosure safety assessment (SA) was undertaken in 2008 and 2009. Consistent with the guidelines for the preparation of the EIS for the DGR and the regulatory guide on assessing the long-term safety of radioactive waste management, the SA evaluated the DGR’s performance and its potential impact on human health and the environment through pathway analysis of contaminant releases, contaminant transport, receptor exposure and potential effects. Consideration was given to the expected long-term evolution of the repository and site following closure (the Normal Evolution Scenario) and four disruptive (“what if”) scenarios (Human Intrusion, Severe Shaft Seal Failure, Open Borehole, and Extreme Earthquake), which considered events with uncertain or low probability that could disrupt the repository system. Conceptual and mathematical models were developed and then implemented in a range of software tools including AMBER, to provide estimates of impacts such as dose, FRAC3DVS, for detailed 2D and 3D groundwater flow and transport calculations, and T2GGM, a code that couples the Gas Generation Model (GGM) and TOUGH2 and models the generation of gas in the repository and its subsequent 2D transport through the geosphere. Calculations have been undertaken to assess the impact of radionuclides on human and non-human biota and the impact of non-radioactive species on humans and the environment. The results indicate that the DGR system provides a high level of postclosure safety.
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Phoel, W., R. Reid, D. Radosh, P. Kube, and S. Fromm. "Studies of the water column, sediments and biota at the New York bight acid waste dumpsite and a control area." In OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment. IEEE, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.1985.1160120.
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Enestam, Sonja H., Marko K. Fabritius, Seppo K. Hulkkonen, and Jukka T. Ro¨ppa¨nen. "Control of Ash-Related Operational Problems in BFB Combustion of Biofuels and Waste." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-134.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When moving towards CO2 neutral bio fuels and waste derived fuels, new challenges are set for combustion facilities and technical boiler solutions. A common feature for both bio- and waste fuels is a big variety in composition, often high levels of alkali metals, chlorine and moisture which make these fuels difficult to burn in facilities designed for conventional fuels such as coal, peat and wood. The problems that might occur due to high alkali and chlorine levels in the fuels, are slagging, fouling, corrosion and bed sintering. The Fortum BioMAC BFB boilers are designed especially for difficult, unconventional fuels such as rice husk, olive waste, straw, construction residue, de-inking sludge, etc. The design of each individual boiler is made based on advanced theoretical prediction tools and extensive fuel testing in laboratory and in pilot scale combustion facilities. The theoretical tools consist of a multi-phase multi-component chemical equilibrium model that estimates the slagging/fouling, sintering and corrosion propensity of the fuels/fuel mixtures and of a computational fluid dynamics part. CFD calculations are used to optimize the flow pattern and the temperature of the boiler in order to avoid hot temperatures in the vicinity of refractory linings and cooled surfaces. The chemical equilibrium calculations predict the melting behavior of the fuel ash, which is used as an indicator for the placement of the superheaters. The bottom ash removal is controlled for efficient removal of coarse material, screening and recirculation. The ash related problems of important bio and waste fuels, the analytical procedure of the evaluation of the usability of the fuels and the adaptation of the boiler design are discussed in the paper.
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Rodionov, Andrei, and Jean-Marie Mattei. "Heat Sink Issue: A Specific Safety Issue for NPP Site Selection and Evaluation in the Warm Countries With Extreme Climatic Conditions." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15529.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the major issues during the site selection and design of a NPP is the heat sink issue, i.e. installation and availability of reliable and efficient recipient of heat (air, water or both of them) in relation in particular with: • waste the heat removed from the condenser of the turbines during normal operational state, • waste the heat removed from all of the safety-related and non-safety-related equipment and systems during normal operational state, • waste the residual heat removed from nuclear reactor fuel (situated in reactor vessel or tubes), the decay heat removed from nuclear spent fuel (situated in spent fuel pool), and the heat removed from all of the safety-related equipment and systems during abnormal operational state and accident conditions. There are several “newcomer” countries that are situated in warm climate zones. In such countries, the cooling water design could be a challenge with regards to extreme water and air temperatures, air humidity, absence of an important reliable cold water source inside the country, etc. In addition, some specific items related to natural, industrial and human environment should be considered during the site evaluation, as for example, risk of intensive biota development, oil spills, siltation, low water level events, etc. This requires particular consideration of the heat sink issue for the site regulatory review during the licensing process. The article discusses the methodology for site regulatory review with regards to the heat sink issue and provides some practical advises on safety assessment and acceptance criteria to be considered.