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1
Meakins, Felicity, and Carmel O’Shannessy. "Typological constraints on verb integration in two Australian mixed languages,." Journal of Language Contact 5, no. 2 (2012): 216–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-006001001.
Анотація:
Abstract Gurindji Kriol and Light Warlpiri are two mixed languages spoken in northern Australia by Gurindji and Warlpiri people, respectively. Both languages are the outcome of the fusion of a contact variety of English (Kriol/Aboriginal English) with a traditional Australian Aboriginal language (Gurindji or Warlpiri). The end result is two languages which show remarkable structural similarity. In both mixed languages, pronouns, TMA auxiliaries and word order are derived from Kriol/Aboriginal English, and case-marking and other nominal morphology come from Gurindji or Warlpiri. These structural similarities are not surprising given that the mixed languages are derived from typologically similar languages, Gurindji and Warlpiri (Ngumpin-Yapa, Pama-Nyungan), and share the Kriol/Aboriginal English component. Nonetheless, one of the more striking differences between the languages is the source of verbs. One third of the verbs in Gurindji Kriol is derived from Gurindji, whereas only seven verbs in Light Warlpiri are of Warlpiri origin. Additionally verbs of Gurindji origin in Gurindji Kriol are derived from coverbs, whereas the Warlpiri verbs in Light Warlpiri come from inflecting verbs. In this paper we claim that this difference is due to differences in the complex verb structure of Gurindji and Warlpiri, and the manner in which these complex verbs have interacted with the verb structure of Kriol/English in the formation of the mixed languages.
2
Brett, Mark G. "Desert dreamers: with the Warlpiri people of Australia." Journal of Australian Studies 42, no. 2 (April 3, 2018): 258–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2018.1463811.
3
Bavin, Edith L., and Tim Shopen. "Innovations and neutralizations in the Warlpiri pronominal system." Journal of Linguistics 23, no. 1 (March 1987): 149–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700011075.
Анотація:
The paradigm functions as a domain for certain processes of change. There can be changes in the number of grammatical categories or in the forms used to represent them. Thus, Benveniste (1968) contrasts change involving only the forms while the system remains the same (‘conservative’ change) with innovations in which there is change in the categories and the oppositions. In this paper, we will discuss both types of change in the Warlpiri pronominal system. Warlpiri is an Aboriginal language spoken in central Australia by about 3000 people. Our research has been carried out at Yuendumu, a remote community 300 km northwest of Alice Springs. While the majority of people in the community (about 750) have Warlpiri as their mother tongue, there are also about 65 non-Aboriginal people who speak English, and a few speakers of other Aboriginal languages closely related to Warlpiri. Although there is limited exposure to English, Warlpiri is the community language at Yuendumu.
4
Curran, Georgia. "Desert Dreamers: With the Warlpiri People of Australia, by Barbara Glowczewski." Anthropological Forum 27, no. 3 (June 27, 2017): 281–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2017.1345454.
5
Beudel, Saskia, and Margo Daly. "Gallant Desert Flora: Olive Pink’s Australian Arid Regions Flora Reserve." Historical Records of Australian Science 25, no. 2 (2014): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr14016.
Анотація:
In the mid-1950s Olive Pink campaigned to have an area of land in Alice Springs set aside as a flora reserve. In 1956 the area was gazetted as the Australian Arid Regions Flora Reserve, with Pink appointed as honorary curator. Although Pink was not a professional horticulturalist or botanist, she established a garden that marked itself out from contemporary gardens, such as Maranoa Gardens and the Australian National Botanic Gardens, which were similarly committed to showcasing indigenous Australian plants. Pink's approach was pioneering in that she aimed to create a collection of plants selected by a delineated ‘climatic zone' and geographic area rather than drawn from all parts of the continent. This article argues that Pink developed a distinctive form of horticultural work informed by her passion for and close artistic observation of desert flora; her long experience establishing and maintaining gardens under central Australian ecological conditions; along with her anthropological insight into Indigenous knowledge of flora gained through her studies with Arrernte and Warlpiri people. Today we might recognize the principles that informed Pink's garden through the concepts of ‘water-wise gardens' and environmental sustainability practices.
6
Wylie, Steve, and Hua Li. "Historical and Scientific Evidence for the Origin and Cultural Importance to Australia’s First-Nations Peoples of the Laboratory Accession of Nicotiana benthamiana, a Model for Plant Virology." Viruses 14, no. 4 (April 8, 2022): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14040771.
Анотація:
Nicotiana benthamiana is an indigenous plant species distributed across northern Australia. The laboratory accession (LAB) of N. benthamiana has become widely adopted as a model host for plant viruses, and it is distinct from other accessions morphologically, physiologically, and by having an attenuation-of-function mutation in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1 (NbRdr1) gene, referred to as NbRdr1m. Recent historical evidence suggested LAB was derived from a 1936 collection by John Cleland at The Granites of the Northern Territory, although no scientific evidence was provided. We provide scientific evidence and further historical evidence supporting the origin of LAB as The Granites. Analysis of a herbarium specimen of N. benthamiana collected by Cleland in 1936 revealed that The Granites population contains plants heterozygous for the NbRdr1 locus, having both the functional NbRdr1 and the mutant NbRdr1m alleles. N. benthamiana was an important cultural asset actively utilised as the narcotic Pituri (chewing tobacco) by the Warlpiri Aboriginal people at the site, who prevented women of child-bearing age from consuming it. We propose that Aboriginal people selected some of the unique traits of LAB that have subsequently facilitated its adoption as a model plant, such as lack of seed dormancy, fast maturity, low nornicotine content, and gracility.
7
Bundgaard-Nielsen, Rikke L., and Carmel O’Shannessy. "Voice onset time and constriction duration in Warlpiri stops (Australia)." Phonetica 78, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 113–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phon-2021-2001.
Анотація:
Abstract This paper presents a first detailed analysis of the Voice Onset Time (VOT) and Constriction Duration (CD) of stops /p t ʈ c k/ and flap /ɽ/ in the Indigenous Australian language Warlpiri as spoken in Lajamanu Community, in Australia’s Northern Territory. The results show that Warlpiri stops are realised as voiceless, long-lag stops word-initially, as well as word-medially, where /p t k/ are also characterised by CDs in excess of 100 ms. This is similar to what has been reported for Kriol, and for the emerging mixed language Light Warlpiri, also spoken in the community, and by some of the participants. The results indicate that Warlpiri does not obligatorily make a word-medial distinction between stops orthographically represented by ‘rt’ and ‘rd’, which have previously been argued to be realised as /ʈ/ and /ɽ/, respectively, at least in some varieties of Warlpiri. Finally, the results also suggest that the realisation of word-initial Warlpiri flap /ɽ/ is highly variable, potentially resulting in a near-merger with /ɻ/.
8
Mackinnon, Bruce Hearn, and Liam Campbell. "Warlpiri warriors: Australian Rules football in Central Australia." Sport in Society 15, no. 7 (September 2012): 965–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2012.723357.
9
Laughren, Mary, and Maïa Ponsonnet. "Ear and belly in Warlpiri descriptions of cognitive and emotional experience." Pragmatics and Cognition 27, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 240–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.00016.lau.
Анотація:
Abstract Like most other Australian languages, Warlpiri – a Pama-Nyungan language of the Ngumpin-Yapa group – is rich in figurative expressions that include a body-part noun. In this article we examine the collocations involving two body parts: langa ‘ear’, which mostly relates to cognition; and miyalu ‘belly’, which mostly relates to emotion. Drawing on an extensive Warlpiri database, we analyse the semantic, figurative and syntactic dimensions of these collocations. We note how reflexive variants of certain collocations impose a non-literal aspectual reading, as also observed in Romance and Germanic languages inter alia. The article also highlights differences between the range of body-based emotion metaphors found in Warlpiri, and that reported for the non-Pama-Nyungan languages of Australia. We hypothesize that these differences sometimes reflect grammatical differences. In particular, Warlpiri allows body-part nouns in syntactic functions that rarely found in non-Pama-Nyungan languages, due to the prevalence of body-part noun incorporation in the latter group.
10
Plumwood, Val. "The Struggle for Environmental Philosophy in Australia." Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 3, no. 2 (1999): 157–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853599x00135.
Анотація:
AbstractAustralian settler philosophy needs to create the basis for two important cultural dialogues, with the philosophy of Aboriginal people on the one hand, and with the land the settler way of life is destroying on the other. Through these interconnected dialogues we might begin the process of resolving in a positive way the unhappy anxieties surrounding Australian identity. Mainstream Australian academic philosophy has certainly not provided fertile ground for such dialogues, and its dominant forms could hardly be further away from Australian indigenous philosophies or from land-sensitive forms of environmental philosophy. It is a paradox that in a continent where Australian Aboriginal people have given land spirituality what is perhaps the world's most powerful and integrated development, settler philosophy contrives to provide what is probably the world's strongest dismissal of other ways to think about the land than those legitimated by western reductionism and rationalism. This paradox, I suggest, can be explained through understanding the ascendancy of ex-colonial masculinity in Australian culture and academic philosophy.
11
Jaric, Ljubica. "Contemporary skill migration in Australia." Stanovnistvo 39, no. 1-4 (2001): 157–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv0104157j.
Анотація:
Immigration has always been a key of the Australian social and economic development. Australia administers separate Migration and Humanitarian Programs. The Migration Program has two streams: Family and Skill. The smaller Special Eligibility stream includes groups such as former Australian citizens and former residents who have maintained ties with Australia. The Skill stream of Australia's Migration Program is specifically designed to target migrants who have skills or outstanding abilities that will contribute to the Australian economy. The migration to Australia of people with qualifications and relevant work experience can help to address skill shortages in Australia and enhance the size, skill level and productivity of the Australian labour force. Skilled migrants were mainly employed in managerial, administrative, professional or paraprofessional occupations or as traders. Permanent movement represents the major element of net overseas migration. Australia has experienced not only permanent influx of skilled but longterm movement as an affect of globalisation of business, the creation of international labour and education markets and cheaper travel. The level of longterm movements is strongly influenced by both domestic and international conditions of development, particularly economic conditions. More Australians are going overseas to work and study and foreigners are coming to Australia in larger numbers for the same reasons. Skill migration in FRY is mostly correlated with the economic situation in the country. Skill stream from FRY to Australia has been significantly increased since 1990. In the Australian official statistics separate data for the FRY has been available since July 1998. Prior to July 1998. FRY component was substantial proportion of total Former Yugoslav Republics. Estimated Serbian skill stream is around 4500 people.
12
Reilly, Stephen P. "Australian Sojourn." Bulletin of the Royal College of Psychiatrists 9, no. 8 (August 1985): 155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.9.8.155.
Анотація:
Community psychiatry means different things to different people. Since the 1970s the American model of community psychiatry based on mental health clinics has attracted heavy criticism, whilst the UK concept of rooting community psychiatric services firmly within primary health care has gained increasing support. The need for community-orientated psychiatric services is generally agreed upon but definition of community and the mode of delivery are not. In Australia both free and private health care are available; community health centres and community mental health clinics exist (sometimes literally) side by side.
13
D'Anastasi, Tanya, and Erica Frydenberg. "Ethnicity and Coping: What Young People Do and What Young People Learn." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 15, no. 1 (July 1, 2005): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.15.1.43.
Анотація:
AbstractIn a number of studies, using the Adolescent Coping scale as a measure of coping, we are able to see clearly that young people from different communities cope in different ways. For example, in studies of Australian, Columbian, German, Irish and Palestinian young people it was found that coping varied in the different countries, but even within the same country, such as Australia, there are variations in coping across ethnic communities. These findings are confirmed by a recent smaller scale investigation that found that a group of students who were labelled ‘Australian minority group’ (comprising of Asian, African, Pacific Islanders and Middle Eastern students) used more spiritual support and resorted to social action more than did Anglo-Australian students. Of particular note is that the Australian minority group were found to significantly decrease their use of self-blame after participating in a school-based coping skills program, while Anglo-Australian students increased their use of physical recreation. These findings collectively demonstrate the impact of ethnic identity in both the act of coping and the acquisition of coping skills.
14
Henderson, Scott. "Focus on psychiatry in Australia." British Journal of Psychiatry 176, no. 1 (January 2000): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.176.1.97.
Анотація:
Humankind has been present on the Australian continent for at least 40 000, some say 60 000 years, remarkably adapted to the environment and having a cultural tradition appreciated by few Caucasians. White people have been here for only 200 years; and psychiatry for about half of that. We know nothing about the mental health of pre-contact indigenous peoples; but we now know a little about the ways in which mental disorders are explained and treated by traditional methods. In two centuries, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islands communities, which are very diverse, have been steadily reduced to become only 1.5% of the population. From settlement in 1788 until the 1950s, most non-aboriginal Australians were of Anglo-Saxon or Celtic origin. Since the Second World War, the pattern of immigration has greatly enriched Australian life, first through large numbers of people from the Mediterranean littoral, Western Europe and the Balkans, and more recently from south-east Asia. Ethnic diversity is now evident in most peoples' daily lives – whom you see in the street, whom you work alongside, who your friends are, what you eat and who you have as patients. So the present Australian population of 18 million has undergone a marked change in demography and lifestyle within only two generations. Like the people, psychiatry is also changing rapidly. Where are the changes taking place? What is it like to be a psychiatrist here at present? Where has there been success and where has there been failure? Where is there lots of action?
15
Dwyer, Judith, and Sandra Leggat. "Australian Health Review call for papers." Australian Health Review 29, no. 4 (2005): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah050377.
Анотація:
The editors of Australian Health Review are seeking articles for an upcoming issue on mental health services in Australia and New Zealand. It is estimated that mental health problems and mental illness will affect more than 20% of the adult population in their lifetime and between 10%?15% of young people in any one year. In Australia, through the National Mental Health Strategy, all levels of Australian government have recognised the need to work together to reform services and policy to ensure that, wherever possible, people with a mental illness are able to enjoy the same opportunities as other Australians. In New Zealand, the Mental Health Commission envisions a place where people with mental illness have personal power, full participation in their communities and access to a fully developed range of recovery-oriented services. To help inform policy and practice, Australian Health Review is looking to publish research papers, case studies and commentaries related to mental health. Some potential topic areas include: � Governance and management � Consumer and community perspectives � Program evaluation and economic analysis � Impact of policy. Submissions related to international programs with lessons for Australia and New Zealand will also be welcomed. Submissions can be short commentaries of 1000 to 2000 words, or a more comprehensive review of the topic of 2000 to 3000 words. The deadline for submission is 15 February 2006.
16
Peach, Elizabeth, Chris Lemoh, Mark Stoove, Paul Agius, Carol El Hayek, Nasra Higgins, and Margaret Hellard. "Aiming for 90–90–90 – the importance of understanding the risk factors for HIV exposure and advanced HIV infection in migrant populations and other groups who do not report male-to-male sex." Sexual Health 15, no. 5 (2018): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh17192.
Анотація:
Background In Australia, new HIV diagnoses increasingly occur among people who do not report male-to-male sex. Among migrants, it is not clear what proportion acquired infection before migration. Similarly, among Australian-born people, it is not clear what proportion acquired infection in-country. There is a need to better understand the epidemiology of HIV in people who do not report male-to-male sex. Methods: Victorian public health surveillance data were used to classify migrants as having likely acquired HIV before or after arrival to Australia using a CD4 cell count decline method to estimate date of infection. Place of exposure for Australian-born people was estimated based on self-report. Factors associated with place of HIV acquisition, advanced infection and newly acquired infection were explored among migrants and among Australian-born people. Results: Between July 1996 and June 2014, there were 821 new non-MSM HIV diagnoses. Most (58%) were migrants, and of these, half (54%) were estimated to have acquired HIV before migration. Among Australian-born people, 27% reported exposure likely occurring abroad; the majority of these were men who reported exposure in South-East Asia. Advanced infection was common in migrants (45%) and Australian-born people (35%). Among migrants, birth in South-East Asia was associated with increased odds of advanced infection. Conclusion: These results highlight the potential vulnerability of migrants after arrival in Australia, especially those from South-East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, and that of Australian-born men travelling to these regions. Public health practice must be strengthened to meet prevention needs of these populations in line with Australian policy.
17
Laughland-Booÿ, Jacqueline, Zlatko Skrbiš, and Bruce Tranter. "Narratives of nationhood: Young Australians’ concepts of nation and their attitudes towards ‘boat people’." Journal of Sociology 53, no. 2 (April 11, 2017): 367–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783317704991.
Анотація:
In Australia, questions surrounding national identity often feature in public discussions on asylum seekers. Using qualitative interview data collected from 40 participants in an ongoing study of young people in Queensland, we explore the connections between young people’s understandings of Australian national identity and their attitudes towards ‘boat people’. We identify distinct points of interconnection and disjuncture between participants’ notions of being ‘Australian’ and their thoughts on how Australia should respond to asylum seekers. With respect to the asylum seeker debate, we find narratives of Australian nationhood are flexible in interpretation and can serve contrasting and competing functions.
18
Sloan, Ian H. "Counting Australia in: the people, organizations, and institutions of Australian mathematics." Mathematical Intelligencer 30, no. 2 (March 2008): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02985739.
19
Adibi, Hossein. "The Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme and People With Disabilities From CALD Backgrounds." International Journal of Reliable and Quality E-Healthcare 9, no. 3 (July 2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrqeh.2020070101.
Анотація:
The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) is considered to be the second greatest reform in healthcare in Australia after the introduction of Medicare in Australia in 1983. This reform was introduced in 2012 in two phases. The first phase as a trial took place for three years. The expectation was that the reform will be rolled out by 2019 or 2020. This article argues that the trial implementation process has achieved very positive outcomes in the lives of a great number of people with disability in Australia. At the same time, NDIS is facing many serious challenges in some areas. One of the obvious challenges is that this reform is a market approached reform. The second challenge relates to meeting the needs of minorities. People with disabilities from Culturally and Linguistically Divers (CALD) backgrounds are one of the five most venerable, underutilised users of NDIS services in Australia. They have no strong voice and negotiable abilities. The main question here is how NDIS is to meet its commitment to satisfy the needs of these vulnerable people in Australia.
20
MCCORMACK, JOHN. "Acute hospitals and older people in Australia." Ageing and Society 22, no. 5 (September 2002): 637–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x02008802.
Анотація:
The Australian health care system is frequently portrayed as being in crisis, with reference to either large financial burdens in the form of hospital deficits, or declining service levels. Older people, characterised as a homogeneous category, are repeatedly identified as a major contributor to the crisis, by unnecessarily occupying acute beds while they await a vacancy in a residential facility. Several enquiries and hospital taskforce management groups have been set up to tackle the problem. This article reviews their findings and strategic recommendations, particularly as they relate to older people. Short-term policy responses are being developed which specifically target older people for early discharge and alternative levels of care, and which, while claiming positive intentions, may introduce new forms of age discrimination into the health system. Few of the currently favoured proposals promote age-inclusivity and older people's rights to equal access to acute care.
21
Kondratiev, V. B. "Australian Mining Industry: Positions and Perspectives." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 1/2022 (March 15, 2022): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1-91-102.
Анотація:
Australia has a world-leading mining industry as a producer for some 16 commodities including gold, bauxite, iron ore, rare earths, zinc, nickel and coal. In 2021, Australia’s mineral exports (excluding petroleum products) amounted to $200 billion which was 58% of all good’s export and 46% of all exported goods and services. In 2021, mining accounted for more than 10% of gross national product. In addition, the mining industry employed some 240 000 people, with many more employed by related industries. Australia is richly endowed with many minerals, that are regarded as critical, or strategic, minerals by many trading partners. Growing markets for these commodities, particularly for those associated with emerging technologies such as battery storage, renewable energy and electric vehicles have stimulated exploration and resource delineation in Australia in recent years
22
L., Cecil A. "Indigenous entrepreneurship in timber furniture manufacturing: The Gumatj venture in Northern Australia." Information Management and Business Review 2, no. 1 (January 15, 2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v2i1.876.
Анотація:
Despite commitment by the Australian Government to improve the economic independence of Indigenous people Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders they are the most socio economic disadvantaged group relative to other Australians. This commitment manifests in the four main strands of; 1) welfare, 2) installation of the Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) scheme, 3) legislation enabling Traditional Land Owners and miners to negotiate agreements for training and employment of Indigenous people, and 4) programmes to encourage Indigenous entrepreneurship. This paper reports an Australian Indigenous entrepreneurial business (furniture making) initiated by the Gumatj clan of the Yolngu people in East Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia. These Indigenous people are employed in timber milling and transporting the milled timber to Gunyangara on the Gove Peninsula where it is dried and used to make furniture. Overcoming the literature documented barriers to Australian Indigenous entrepreneurship compelled the Gumatj to develop a business model with potential to foster pathways for other Indigenous small business endeavours.
23
Liddelow-Hunt, Shakara, Ashleigh Lin, James Hector Laurent Hill, Kate Daglas, Braden Hill, Yael Perry, Mirella Wilson, and Bep Uink. "Conceptualising Wellbeing for Australian Aboriginal LGBTQA+ Young People." Youth 3, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 70–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/youth3010005.
Анотація:
It is likely that young people who are both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and LGBTQA+ would be at increased risk for poor mental health outcomes due to the layered impacts of discrimination they experience; however, there is very little empirical evidence focused on the mental health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander LGBTQA+ young people. The current study represents a qualitative exploration of wellbeing among Aboriginal LGBTQA+ young people. This study consisted of semi-structured interviews and focus groups with Aboriginal LGBTQA+ young people aged 14–25 years old in the Perth metropolitan area of Western Australia. Thematic analysis identified seven major themes that were significant to participants’ wellbeing: identity, family, community, visibility, services, stigma and navigating.
24
Fisher, Daniel T. "An Urban Frontier: Respatializing Government in Remote Northern Australia." Cultural Anthropology 30, no. 1 (February 9, 2015): 139–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14506/ca30.1.08.
Анотація:
This essay draws on ethnographic research with Aboriginal Australians living in the parks and bush spaces of a Northern Australian city to analyze some new governmental measures by which remoteness comes to irrupt within urban space and to adhere to particular categories of people who live in and move through this space. To address this question in contemporary Northern Australia is also to address the changing character of the Australian government of Aboriginal people as it moves away from issues of redress and justice toward a state of emergency ostensibly built on settler Australian compassion and humanitarian concern. It also means engaging with the mediatization of politics and its relation to the broader, discursive shaping of such spatial categories as remote and urban. I suggest that remoteness forms part of the armory of recent political efforts to reshape Aboriginal policy in Northern Australia. These efforts leverage remoteness to diagnose the ills of contemporary Aboriginal society, while producing remoteness itself as a constitutive feature of urban space.
25
Jorgensen, Eleanor, Jennifer Green, and Anastasia Bauer. "Exploring Phonological Aspects of Australian Indigenous Sign Languages." Languages 6, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6020081.
Анотація:
Spoken languages make up only one aspect of the communicative landscape of Indigenous Australia—sign languages are also an important part of their rich and diverse language ecologies. Australian Indigenous sign languages are predominantly used by hearing people as a replacement for speech in certain cultural contexts. Deaf or hard-of-hearing people are also known to make use of these sign languages. In some circumstances, sign may be used alongside speech, and in others it may replace speech altogether. Alternate sign languages such as those found in Australia occupy a particular place in the diversity of the world’s sign languages. However, the focus of research on sign language phonology has almost exclusively been on sign languages used in deaf communities. This paper takes steps towards deepening understandings of signed language phonology by examining the articulatory features of handshape and body locations in the signing practices of three communities in Central and Northern Australia. We demonstrate that, while Australian Indigenous sign languages have some typologically unusual features, they exhibit the same ‘fundamental’ structural characteristics as other sign languages.
26
Davis, Jenny. "Stigma, separation, sorrow: leprosy in Australia." Microbiology Australia 41, no. 4 (2020): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma20051.
Анотація:
Leprosy (Hansen’s disease) was introduced to Australia in the mid-1800s and its story reflects the attitudes of the 19th and 20th centuries, with treatment including segregation, paternalism, and racism. The approaches taken within the Australian states were similar and based on isolating people affected by leprosy, as both a measure to assist the patient but, more importantly, to protect the European society. The most devastating effects of this introduced disease and these approaches were on Indigenous Australians. With the advent of effective antimicrobials, isolation practices were slowly replaced with community-based treatment. However, the term ‘leper’ still evokes negative images in Australian society today.
27
Furneaux, Craig, and Kerry Brown. "Australian Indigenous Entrepreneurship: A Capital-Based View." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 9, no. 2 (May 2008): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000008784489426.
Анотація:
Encouraging entrepreneurship has been advocated as the most promising avenue for economic development of Indigenous communities in Australia. Unfortunately, the number of Indigenous people engaged in small businesses in Australia is low compared with participation rates in other countries. One explanation suggested for this low participation rate in small business is that Indigenous Australians lack the traits or cultural attitudes necessary for success. This paper advocates a different view, arguing instead that analysing Indigenous access to capital in its multiple forms provides for a richer explanation – and exploration – of the barriers to Indigenous entrepreneurship.
28
Uritani, Daisuke, Penny K. Campbell, Ben Metcalf, and Thorlene Egerton. "A comparison of psychological characteristics in people with knee osteoarthritis from Japan and Australia: A cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 5, 2022): e0267877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267877.
Анотація:
The aim of this study was to investigate differences in psychological characteristics between people with knee osteoarthritis (OA) from Japan and Australia. Sixty-two adults from Japan and 168 adults from Australia aged over 50 years with knee pain were included. Japanese data were collected from patients with knee OA diagnosed by medical doctors. Australian data were baseline data from a randomized controlled trial. Participants were not exercising regularly or receiving physiotherapy at the time. Psychological characteristics evaluated were depressive symptoms, fear of movement, and pain catastrophizing. These psychological characteristics were compared between the Japanese and Australian cohorts by calculating 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for difference of the mean. To test for equivalence, an equivalence margin was set at 0.5 standard deviations (SD) of the mean, where these SDs were based on the Australian data. When the 95%CI for the difference of the mean value lay entirely within the range of equivalence margin (i.e. between -0.5 and 0.5 times the Australian SD), the outcome was considered equivalent. There were no differences between the groups from Japan and Australia for depressive symptoms and the two groups were considered equivalent. There was no difference between groups for fear of movement, however the criteria for equivalence was not met. People from Japan with knee OA had higher scores for pain catastrophizing than people from Australia. The findings should be confirmed in other samples of people with knee OA from Japan and Australia due to the limitations of the participant recruitment strategy in this study. However, our findings suggest there may be a greater need to consider pain catastrophizing and build pain self-efficacy when managing Japanese people with knee OA. Implementation of international clinical practice guidelines for OA management may require different strategies in different countries due to different psychological profiles.
29
Maritz, Alex, Bronwyn Eager, and Saskia De Klerk. "Entrepreneurship and self-employment for mature-aged people." Australian Journal of Career Development 30, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1038416220978971.
Анотація:
Not only do Australian mature-aged entrepreneurs contribute $11.9 billion per annum to the Australian economy in over 379,000 businesses, they launch approximately 14,000 new businesses each year and actively contribute to fiscal, social, health, and active ageing outcomes in their communities. Thirty-four per cent of all young businesses in Australia are now led by mature-aged entrepreneurs, identifying mature-aged entrepreneurship as the fastest growing sector of entrepreneurship. This study is the first of its kind to examine mature-aged entrepreneurship in Australia using five pragmatic and embedded case-study examples. Aligning to Cartensen's sociomotional selection theory, we adopted an interpretivist philosphical framework of emergent enquiry action research. The paper includes benefits and challenges associated with mature-aged entrepreneurship, including contextual and theoretical foundations. We provide policy and research recommendations to enhance the development of a dedicated entrepreneurial ecosystem for mature-aged people.
30
Riseman, Noah. "‘Japan Fight. Aboriginal People Fight. European People Fight’: Yolngu Stories from World War II." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 37, S1 (2008): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/s1326011100000387.
Анотація:
Abstract Did you know that a Bathurst Islander captured the first Japanese prisoner of war on Australian soil? Or that a crucifix saved the life of a crashed American pilot in the Gulf of Carpentaria? These are excerpts from the rich array of oral histories of Aboriginal participation in World War II. This paper presents “highlights” from Yolngu oral histories of World War II in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory. Using these stories, the paper begins to explore some of the following questions: Why did Yolngu participate in the war effort? How did Yolngu see their role in relation to white Australia? In what ways did Yolngu contribute to the security of Australia? How integral was Yolngu assistance to defence of Australia? Although the answers to these questions are not finite, this paper aims to survey some of the Yolngu history of World War II.
31
Asher, Rachael. "Unresolved Injustice: An Examination of Indigenous Legal Issues in Australia." Udayana Journal of Law and Culture 4, no. 2 (July 30, 2020): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ujlc.2020.v04.i02.p02.
Анотація:
Indigenous legal issues are to some extent a neglected and misunderstood subject in the Australian political and legal sphere. Where there is unresolved injustice, there is suffering. Similarly, where there is misunderstanding, there is ignorance. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore Indigenous legal issues and potential solutions through an examination and analysis of relevant sources. The subjects of discussion in this paper include the limited extent that Aboriginal customary law is recognised under Commonwealth law; the impact of Australian law on Indigenous people; the over-representation of Indigenous people in the criminal justice system; the inadequate state of Indigenous property rights; and comparative law methodology.
32
Chong, Ryan, and Ritesh Bhandarkar. "Intellectual Disability in the Australian Aboriginal Population: A Critical Review." Journal of the Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet 2, no. 3 (2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/aihjournal.v2n3.5.
Анотація:
Objectives Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are the Indigenous population of Australia. Australian Aboriginal people represent a small percentage of the overall Australian population. However, this population group has a higher rate of Intellectual Disability when compared to the non-Indigenous Australian population. This article aims to review the current literature regarding Intellectual Disability in the Australian Aboriginal Population, build on the current evidence base for Intellectual Disability specific to the Australian Aboriginal population, investigate if any changes to the evidence base have occurred, and identify areas where further research is required. This is in comparison to a literature review completed by Roy and Balaratnasingam in 2014. Methods Literature review. Results The literature review affirms that there exists a disproportionate representation of Intellectual Disability in the Australian Aboriginal population. It highlights the current focus on predisposing risk factors and the resulting risks associated with Intellectual Disability. It also highlights the current lack of evidence-based research around interventions for Intellectual Disability in the Australian Aboriginal population. Conclusions Australian Aboriginal people are disproportionately affected by Intellectual Disability which, as mental health practitioners in Australia, we believe is an area that urgently requires further research and redress. This literature review summarises the current evidence base and identifies potential areas for further research.
33
Boden, Deirdre, and Kenneth Liberman. "Understanding Interaction in Central Australia: An Ethnomethodological Study of Australian Aboriginal People." Contemporary Sociology 15, no. 6 (November 1986): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2071124.
34
Kabir, Nahid. "Mackay Revisited: The Case of Javanese-Australian Muslims, 1880–1999." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 16, no. 3 (September 2007): 405–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719680701600305.
Анотація:
The development of Queensland's sugar industry in the nineteenth century led to an influx of non-European laborers, such as Melanesians, Cingalese and Javanese. Years later, under the Immigration Restriction Act, 1901, many Asian people were expelled from Australia, but some Javanese remained in Mackay. This paper examines the Javanese settlement pattern during the colonial, “White Australia,” and multicultural periods in terms of race, ethnicity, culture and religion. These accounts were derived largely from interviews with Australia-born second, third and fourth generation Muslims of Javanese origin in Mackay.
35
Korwa, Johni R. V. "The Resistance Movement of Aboriginal People To Fight Against The Plans For A Nuclear Waste Dump In South Australia." Papua Law Journal 1, no. 2 (October 25, 2018): 271–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/plj.v1i2.592.
Анотація:
Aborigine is the indigenous people of Australia who have attempted to oppose the proposal for South Australia to host an international nuclear dump. Even though the rights of indigenous people have been recognized by the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the treatment they receive are not in accordance with the standard of living. The object of this this paper is to examine the struggle of Aboriginal Australia as indigenous people who seek to ensure their basic rights to clean environment from nuclear waste by using normative juridical method. The results of the paper show that Aboriginal people have commenced their struggle by the formation of global movement in the form of local campaign (Kupa Piti Kungka Juta), Australian Nuclear Free Alliance (ANFA), in collaboration with Amnesty International and the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN). All efforts are made to pressure the Australian government not to consider South Australia as a nuclear waste disposal site. This is because nuclear waste can have an impact on public health and environmental damage, trigger nuclear war, and become a threat to the land of Aboriginal people.
36
Galletly, Cherrie, Xiaoli Wu, Zili Han, and Dennis Liu. "M151. DIFFERENCES IN PATTERN OF OBESITY BETWEEN PEOPLE WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA LIVING IN CHINA AND IN AUSTRALIA." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S192—S193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa030.463.
Анотація:
Abstract Background People with psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia, suffer premature cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Obesity is a major factor in cardiometabolic disorders in this population. There has been very little research investigating differences in patterns of obesity in diverse ethnic populations. Guidelines for treatment of complex comorbidities in people with schizophrenia and related psychoses may need to provide specific recomendations for different ethnic groups. Methods The Chinese sample consisted 192 subjects were recruited from the outpatients and inpatients department of the psychiatry department of the third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen. All enrolled subjects were Chinese Han ethnicity, aged 16–45 years, with a diagnosis of schizophrenia according to ICD-10 criteria for schizophrenia, excluding other acute psychiatric disorders. The Australian sample (N=1825) were drawn from the Survey of High Impact Psychosis. BMI and central obesity were measured in all subjects. Results 10.3% of men and 4.7% of women in the China sample were obese (BMI>30). In the Australian sample, 41.6% of men and 50.3% of women were obese. Overall, 7.8% of Chinese sample and 45.1% of the Australian sample were obese. However, amongst the non-obese China sample, 41.7% of men and 53.1% of women had central obesity; the mean for all non-obese Chinese people was 46.7%. 73% of non-obese Australian men and 81.5% of non-obese Australian women had central obesity; the mean for all non-obese Australians was 76%. Discussion Chinese Han people with schizophrenia have much lower rates of obesity than the Australian sample. In both groups, rates of abdominal obesity were higher than rates of obesity as defined by BMI. These ethnic differences may help in understanding the high rates of cardiometabolic disorder in people with psychotic disorders in Western countries. They may also inform interventions to assist Western people with psychoses to maintain better physical health.
37
Van Der Veen, Roger. "Rehabilitation Counselling with Clients from Non-English Speaking Countries." Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 5, no. 2 (1999): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323892200001095.
Анотація:
People born in non-English Speaking Countries (NESCs) and resident in Australia make up 14.2% of the Australian population and a sizeable proportion of the current immigration program — the humanitarian and non-humanitarian components. This article presents some background about the numbers of overseas born people resident in Australia especially those from NESCs, a brief history of the Australian immigration program, and the present policy of multiculturalism in the context of settlement. Some of these overseas born people have already, or are likely to, participate in rehabilitation counselling, and it is argued that rehabilitation counselling processes will be enhanced with a knowledge of such clients' culture as well as the practical application of general cross-cultural casework skills.
38
HARRIS, AMANDA. "Representing Australia to the Commonwealth in 1965: Aborigiana and Indigenous Performance." Twentieth-Century Music 17, no. 1 (October 24, 2019): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478572219000331.
Анотація:
AbstractIn 1965, the Australian government and Australian Elizabethan Theatre Trust (AETT) debated which performing arts ensembles should represent Australia at the London Commonwealth Arts Festival. The AETT proposed the newly formed Aboriginal Theatre, comprising songmakers, musicians, and dancers from the Tiwi Islands, northeast Arnhem Land and the Daly River. The government declined, and instead sent the Sydney Symphony Orchestra performing works by John Antill and Peter Sculthorpe. In examining the historical context for these negotiations, I demonstrate the direct relationship between the historical promotion of ‘Australianist’ art music composition that claimed to represent Aboriginal culture, and the denial of the right of representation to Aboriginal performers as owners of their musical traditions. Within the framing of Wolfe's settler colonial theory and ‘logic of elimination’, I suggest that appropriative Australian art music has directly sought to replace performances of Aboriginal culture by Aboriginal people, even while Aboriginal people have resisted replacement.
39
Waling, Andrea, Roz Bellamy, Paulina Ezer, Lucille Kerr, Jayne Lucke, and Christopher Fisher. "‘It’s kinda bad, honestly’: Australian students’ experiences of relationships and sexuality education." Health Education Research 35, no. 6 (September 15, 2020): 538–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/cyaa032.
Анотація:
Abstract Relationships and sexuality education for young people in Australia and elsewhere is a controversial topic. Numerous studies in Australia have focused on curriculum, policy, teachers, schools, sexting and other behaviours, and knowledge regarding sexually transmitted infection (STI)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and pregnancy prevention. Few large-scale national studies have engaged with young people about what they want out of their sex education, and what they suggest would be most valuable for future programs in Australia. Data for the study included qualitative comments about experiences of sex education (n = 2316) provided in a national survey of adolescent sexual health. An initial thematic inductive analysis identified comments falling into two dominant themes: positive and negative experiences of their sex education. Results indicate that young people in Australia are articulate and understanding of the gaps in their sex education. A majority of comments highlighted negative experiences. These comments primarily discussed issues of delivery (timing, environment, person) and content quality (comprehensiveness). A minority highlighted positive commentary also around delivery (environment, person) and content quality (comprehensiveness). The findings of this study illuminate contemporary adolescent concerns regarding their experiences of education. Understanding these experiences can inform future curriculum development, teacher training and the design and implementation of policy.
40
Athanasou, James. "Job Finding in Australia." Australian Journal of Career Development 3, no. 3 (December 1994): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103841629400300313.
Анотація:
Although studies of the labour market have concentrated on employment and unemployment, there have been few Australian studies of job-search experiences. This report documents the methods used by people to obtain jobs in 1982, 1986 and 1990. It considers the proposition that informal job-seeking methods are more likely to lead to employment and that most jobs are obtained without prior knowledge of the vacancy. The data for this report were derived from the Australian Bureau of Statistics monthly labour force survey of households (published and unpublished data) in 1982, 1986 and 1990. Around 1.8 million individuals had started in a new job and at least 35 per cent of jobs resulted from approaches made without prior knowledge that the job was available. Friends and relatives accounted for some 17 per cent of placements and in 25 per cent of cases, the employer approached the job seeker, bringing the proportion of informal methods to at least 77 per cent. Results confirm the views of experienced career counsellors that there is a large and informal labour market.
41
Choo, Christine. "The Impact of Asian - Aboriginal Australian Contacts in Northern Australia." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 3, no. 2-3 (June 1994): 295–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689400300218.
Анотація:
The long history of Asian contact with Australian Aborigines began with the early links with seafarers, Makassan trepang gatherers and even Chinese contact, which occurred in northern Australia. Later contact through the pearling industry in the Northern Territory and Kimberley, Western Australia, involved Filipinos (Manilamen), Malays, Indonesians, Chinese and Japanese. Europeans on the coastal areas of northern Australia depended on the work of indentured Asians and local Aborigines for the development and success of these industries. The birth of the Australian Federation also marked the beginning of the “White Australia Policy” designed to keep non-Europeans from settling in Australia. The presence of Asians in the north had a significant impact on state legislation controlling Aborigines in Western Australia in the first half of the 20th century, with implications to the present. Oral and archival evidence bears testimony to the brutality with which this legislation was pursued and its impact on the lives of Aboriginal people.
42
Colley, Sarah. "Archaeology and education in Australia." Antiquity 74, no. 283 (March 2000): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x0006631x.
Анотація:
Aboriginal, Historical and Maritime archaeology have been taught in Australian universities since the 1960s, and archaeology has made major contributions to our understanding of Australia's past. Yet many Australians are still more interested in archaeology overseas than in Australia itself. This partly reflects Australia's history as a former British colony which currently has a minority of indigenous Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, many of whom regard archaeology as yet another colonial imposition which at best is largely irrelevant to their own understanding of their history. Present government policies empower Aboriginal people to veto certain kinds of archaeological research they do not agree with. At minimum this may require archaeologists to engage in what can become protracted consultation, with uncertain outcomes.
43
Ishchenko, Oleksandr. "THE COVERAGE OF UKRAINE AND UKRAINIANS IN THE AUSTRALIAN ENCYCLOPEDIA." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Ostrozʹka akademìâ". Serìâ Ìstoričnì nauki 1 (December 17, 2020): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2409-6806-2020-31-151-156.
Анотація:
In this article, we present an analysis of the 10-volumed Australian Encyclopedia published in 1958. The purpose of the analysis is to identify encyclopedic information concerning the Ukrainian people. Since the late 19th century, a part of the Ukrainian ethnic group inhabits the Australian continent, so it is natural to expect the appearance of Ukrainians in encyclopedic publications of Australia. But do Australians mention Ukrainians in their own fundamental encyclopedias? This question is caused not only by the general interest, but also by the fact that Ukraine is shown in the national narratives of many countries through various myths generated by Soviet propaganda. Therefore, the analysis of the representation of Ukrainians in the pages of foreign encyclopedias is a topical issue of contemporary Ukrainian studies in general. In this study, we found that the main body of information about Ukrainians is statistical data about the Ukrainian community in Australia, which settled after the Second World War. Among the 10 volumes there are no mentions of Ukraine, its capital, prominent people of the nation, etc. In addition, general highlights of the Australian encyclopedia publishing sphere are proposed. It is noted that the Australian Encyclopedia as a fundamental work published in six editions during 1925–1996 is the main achievement of the Australian encyclopediography. It is noteworthy that there is currently no national online encyclopedia in Australia. At the same time, there are domain (subject-specific) publications by research teams among other achievements of contemporary Australian encyclopedia publishing, such as the Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia, the Historical Encyclopedia of Western Australia, the Companion to Tasmanian History, etc.
44
L., Cecil A. "Female Indigenous entrepreneurship in remote communities in northern Australia." Information Management and Business Review 6, no. 6 (December 30, 2014): 329–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v6i6.1131.
Анотація:
Little is known about Australian Indigenous female entrepreneurship. Misconceptions typifying Australian Indigenous businesses are community enterprises are encumbered by research limitations, generalisations and stereotyping; the material is seldom voiced by Australian Indigenous people; and few sources detail the challenges for grass roots female Indigenous entrepreneurs in remote Australian Aboriginal communities that maintain patriarchal cultures. In this paper is described how 21 Indigenous female entrepreneurs in a remote region of northern Australia have tailored their businesses to comply with the regulatory and statutory framework of the dominant society while preserving sensitivity to the traditional cultural norms, rules, and obligations. The data were independently corroborated by Indigenous and non Indigenous men of recognised standing in the region. These empirical observations provide foundation for better informed judgements about the business environment in remote regions of Australia, which is fundamental when developing policies for delivering sustainable female Indigenous small businesses.
45
CHEN, Y., and M. D. KIRK. "Incidence of acute respiratory infections in Australia." Epidemiology and Infection 142, no. 7 (October 8, 2013): 1355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268813002471.
Анотація:
SUMMARYWe used a national survey of 7578 randomly selected respondents in 2008–2009 to identify the period prevalence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) by season and state, and to estimate the incidence of ARI in the Australian community. A case was defined as any episode of cold or flu with at least one of the following symptoms: fever, chills, sore throat, running nose, or cough in the past 4 weeks. Frequency data were weighted to the Australian population. The response rate to the survey was 49%, and 19·9% (1505/7578) of respondents reported an ARI in the previous 4 weeks, which extrapolated to 68·9 million cases [95% confidence interval (CI) 65·1–72·7] of ARI in Australia annually. The incidence was 3·2 (95% CI 3·0–3·4) cases of ARI/person per year, and was highest in young children and lowest in older people. ARI imposes a significant burden on Australian society.
46
Frank, Helen. "Discovering Australia Through Fiction: French Translators as Aventuriers." Meta 51, no. 3 (September 21, 2006): 482–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/013554ar.
Анотація:
Abstract The translation into French of referents of Australia and Australianness in fiction necessitates a considerable variety of translational tendencies and interpretive choices. This study focuses on French translations of selected passages and blurbs from Australian fiction set in regional Australia to determine how referents of Australian flora, fauna, landscape and people are translated and interpreted in a non-English speaking cultural system. Guided by concerns for the target readers’ understanding of the text, French translators employ normative strategies and adaptive procedures common to translation to enhance reader orientation. There is, nonetheless, evidence of culture-specific appropriation of the text and systematic manipulation of Australian referents that goes beyond normative solutions. Such appropriation and manipulation stem from a desire to create and foster culture-specific suppositions about Australia consistent with French preoccupations with colonialism, the exotic, exploration and adventure.
47
Cohen, Graeme L. "A bibliography of Australian mathematics to 1960 with observations relating to the history of Australian mathematics." Historical Records of Australian Science 31, no. 1 (2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr19008.
Анотація:
In the Supplementary Material of this issue, I give a bibliography of books and pamphlets in, or related to, mathematics in Australia, to 1960. It is as complete as possible, except for those omissions (notably, school books after 1900) that are described fully in the text. In particular, all higher degree theses in mathematics awarded by an Australian university (to 1960) are listed. This article describes the background to the compilation of the bibliography and observations drawn from it (and expanded upon) which relate to the history of Australian mathematics. In some respects, this article and its Supplementary Material may be considered to be an addendum to my book Counting Australia In: the People, Organisations and Institutions of Australian Mathematics (2006) published by Halstead Press, Sydney, for the Australian Mathematical Society.
48
Johnson, Christopher N. "Fire, people and ecosystem change in Pleistocene Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 64, no. 8 (2016): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt16138.
Анотація:
Since the 1960s, Australian scientists have speculated on the impact of human arrival on fire regimes in Australia, and on the relationship of landscape fire to extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna of Australia. These speculations have produced a series of contrasting hypotheses that can now be tested using evidence collected over the past two decades. In the present paper, I summarise those hypotheses and review that evidence. The main conclusions of this are that (1) the effects of people on fire regimes in the Pleistocene were modest at the continental scale, and difficult to distinguish from climatic controls on fire, (2) the arrival of people triggered extinction of Australia’s megafauna, but fire had little or no role in the extinction of those animals, which was probably due primarily to hunting and (3) megafaunal extinction is likely to have caused a cascade of changes that included increased fire, but only in some environments. We do not yet understand what environmental factors controlled the strength and nature of cascading effects of megafaunal extinction. This is an important topic for future research.
49
Goggin, Gerard, and Christopher Newell. "Crippling Competition: Critical Reflections on Disability and Australian Telecommunications Policy." Media International Australia 96, no. 1 (August 2000): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0009600111.
Анотація:
Telecommunications reform in Australia, and in particular the introduction of competition, is often claimed to have delivered benefits to consumers. From the perspective of people with disability, this competition so far can been seen as crippling rather than enabling. There have been some gains for telecommunications for people with disabilities over the past decade in particular —delivered by slowly changing corporate attitudes buttressed by the explicit reference to the requirements of the Disability Discrimination Act 1992 in the Telecommunications Act 1997. This article examines telecommunications and disability in Australia since 1975, and concludes that it is high time for a telecommunications and new media industry where measures of outcomes would include utilising the experiences and meeting the needs, expectations and aspirations of those who live with disability.
50
Robinson, Jo, Jane Pirkis, Karolina Krysinska, Sara Niner, Anthony F. Jorm, Michael Dudley, Emily Schindeler, Diego De Leo, and Susy Harrigan. "Research Priorities in Suicide Prevention in Australia." Crisis 29, no. 4 (July 2008): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.29.4.180.
Анотація:
This project sought to inform priority setting in Australian suicide prevention research, by empirically examining existing priorities and by seeking stakeholders views on where future priorities might lie. Existing priorities were examined via reviews of Australian literature published and grants funded during the life of the National Suicide Prevention Strategy (1999–2006). Stakeholders views of future priorities were elicited via a questionnaire administered to 11 groups comprising 231 individuals with an interest in suicide prevention. The study identified 263 journal articles and 36 grants. The journal articles most commonly reported on studies of descriptive epidemiology, while the grants tended to fund intervention studies. Both gave roughly equal weight to completed and attempted suicide, and gave little emphasis to studies of suicide methods. Young people were the most frequently-researched target group, with people with mental health problems and people who had attempted suicide or deliberately self-harmed also receiving attention. Stakeholders indicated that emphasis should be given to intervention studies, and that completed suicide and attempted suicide are both important. In terms of suicide method, they felt the focus should be on poisoning by drugs and hanging. They had mixed views about the target groups that should be afforded priority, although young people and people with mental health problems were frequently ranked highly. This paper presents a picture of the current focus with regard to suicide prevention research, identifying some areas where there are clear gaps and others where relatively greater efforts have been made. By combining this information with stakeholders views of where future priorities should lie, the paper provides some guidance as to the shape a future suicide prevention research agenda for Australia should take. A strategic approach to suicide prevention research will help fill internationally-identified gaps in knowledge about what works and what doesnt work in suicide prevention.