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1
Juříčková, Miluše. "Two Art Exhibitions as Dialogic Events in the History of Czech-Norwegian Cultural Relations." AUC PHILOLOGICA 2021, no. 1 (August 30, 2021): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/24646830.2021.16.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article analyses two art exhibitions in the context of Czech-Norwegian relations, presenting both the Czechoslovak book exhibition in Oslo (1937) and the Norwegian painting and applied art exhibition in Prague (1938) as important parts in a bilateral cultural dialogue. The promising initial communication in form of a mutual information exchange was soon disrupted by the beginning of World War II and post-war politics.
2
Belozyorov, V. V. "Exhibitions of Japanese children’s drawings in the USSR: Depicting Japan, showing the world." Japanese Studies in Russia, no. 1 (April 11, 2023): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.55105/2500-2872-2023-1-27-45.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article is devoted to the history of exhibitions of Japanese children’s drawings in the Soviet Union in 1920s – 1980s, as well as to the critical interpretation and perception by the Soviet audience of the artistic works of Japanese children. The importance of such events can be seen not only in the artistic value of the exposition material, but also in the influence of the expositions on the image of Japan in mass consciousness.The material is devoted to key exhibition projects related to the presentation of Japanese children’s art, in particular, the “Exhibition of Children’s Books and Children’s Art of Japan” in 1928, as well as a series of international exhibitions “I See the World,” held in the USSR since the late 1960s. The greatest attention is paid to the peculiarities of Soviet art criticism towards Japanese children’s drawing in the pre-war and post-war period, as well as the influence of Soviet ideology on the interpretation of children’s art from Japan.The author comes to the conclusion that the approach to the exhibitions was characterized by ideological indoctrination, as well as certain stereotypes about Japan, which created a request for exoticization of the creative products of the Japanese children. During the initial period of the Russian-Japanese cultural ties, despite the controversial nature of the Soviet art criticism of Japanese children’s drawings, the exhibition had substantial importance for the cultural ties of the two countries. In the post-war period, not only mono- national exhibitions, but also large projects involving multiple countries drew attention to various creative works of Japanese children. Since the early 1990s, the past importance of such exhibitions as an important element of cultural exchange receded, which is also true for the present times, despite the episodic exhibition projects of this sort in various regions of Russia. The “propaganda” component of children’s drawings faded. It is, however, regrettable that such exhibitions stopped attracting public attention due to the lack of interest of the media to these initiatives, as well as of systematic study of the works of Japanese children from the point of view of art studies and psychology.The article is based on documents, many of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, from the following archives: the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF), the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (RGALI), the Central State Archive of St. Petersburg.
3
Jankevičiūtė, Giedrė. "State Strategy of International Art Exhibitions in Interwar Lithuania 1918–1940." Arts 13, no. 1 (January 23, 2024): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts13010019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Republic of Lithuania was one of several young nation-states that re-established or proclaimed their statehood in the aftermath of the First World War, following the dissolution of empires in Europe. The quest for cultural identity and attempts at its representation within the country, in the region, and on the international stage was the crucial element in the nation-building process, where cultural diplomacy played a pivotal role. For Lithuania, as for most European countries of that era, exhibitions, especially art exhibitions or art sections in the case of world shows (for instance, the Expo 1937 in Paris or the New York World’s Fair in 1939), served as a prominent means of expressing its identity. An overview of the Lithuanian state art exhibition strategy, the dynamics of its organizational process, the exhibition content, and their geographical reach are discussed in the article. To comprehensively grasp Lithuania’s cultural strategy and to reconstruct the network of its artistic connections, foreign art exhibitions organized at the state level and the acquisition of artifacts from these exhibitions for Lithuania’s national art collection, the M. K. Čiurlionis Art Gallery, are briefly reviewed as well.
4
Świtek, Gabriela. "The Borderlines of the Thaw: Graphic Art from the Federal Republic of Germany in Warsaw’s “Exhibition Factory” (1956–1957)." Biuletyn Historii Sztuki 82, no. 1 (May 6, 2020): 127–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36744/bhs.638.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the essay is to delineate the political and artistic contexts of two exhibitions of graphic art from the Federal Republic of Germany held in the Central Bureau of Art Exhibitions, the main state art gallery in Warsaw (1956–1957). The historians consider the year 1956 – similarly to the years 1968 or 1989 – to be an important caesura in the political and social history on the global scale. In the history of modern art in Poland, the year 1956 is also perceived as a period crucial to changes in artistic life (Polish thaw). As the first show of West German artists in post-war Poland, the Exhibition of the Works of Graphic Artists from the Federal Republic of Germany opened in Warsaw on the same day when Nikita Khrushchev delivered his celebrated “Secret Speech” in Moscow (25 February 1956). The exhibition Poster Art in the Federal Republic of Germany was organized in 1957, after the events of the Polish October (1956). The idea to juxtapose art exhibitions with political events of their era follows contemporary reflections on the phenomenon of noncontemporaneity and on the heterogeneous nature of the visual time of art and exhibition histories.
5
Ainutdinov, A. S. "Sverdlovsk Artists at Post-War Art Exhibitions, 1946–1952." Art & Culture Studies, no. 1 (February 2022): 164–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51678/2226-0072-2022-1-164-195.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article is devoted to studying various aspects of the exhibition process in the post-war Sverdlovsk. For the first time in the Ural art history, the art exhibitions that were held after the Great Patriotic War and had works by Sverdlovsk visual artists on display, are named, described, systematized, and classified in one research. The new data sources used in the research uncover the reasons behind the low levels of participation of Sverdlovsk painters, sculptors, and graphic artists in the All-Soviet and national exhibitions in 1946–1952. When performing the research task, the author achieves the main goal: generating new knowledge about the history of Sverdlovsk visual arts of the post-war period and gaining additional factual information on the Soviet art history of the 1940–1950s through the analysis of various sources. Of significant interest to art studies is a wider perspective on the creative activity of Sverdlovsk painters, sculptors, graphic and other artists analyzed against the background of the general organizational objectives of the Sverdlovsk branch of the Artists’ Union of the USSR and the socio-cultural life of the period, which determined the nature of relations between the authorities and the intelligentsia, and artistic connections between different regions of the USSR.
6
Garduño, Ana. "Tokio descubre México." Latin American and Latinx Visual Culture 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/lavc.2023.5.1.48.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This is a case study that analyzes the cold-war era policies of the Mexican government with respect to art exhibitions. In Washington, DC, in 1953, an exhibition of ancient Japanese art opened and thus ended the artistic invisibility of Japan that stemmed from the Second World War. Following this sign of “official rehabilitation,” Mexico presented a compendium of much of the history of Mexican art in Japan in 1955. The exhibition, Mekishiko Bijutsu-ten, reproduced an exhibition archetype that had been formalized decades earlier, by building itself around three large nuclei: ancient, modern, and popular art. There were in fact three exhibitions—each coordinated by the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes (INBA, Mexico’s national institute of fine arts)—with pavilions at the Venice Biennale of 1950 and at Paris’s Museum of Modern Art in 1952. Together, they demonstrate the power of the INBA over ideas about Mexican art. The adjustments in the selection of works sought to reveal aesthetic parallels with Japan and generate cultural empathy. At the time, Mexico was triumphantly promoting its art as a product of an artistic renaissance that had occurred after the 1910 Revolution, an avant-garde that was seen as a possibility for the future of Japan. The Mekishiko Bijutsu-ten, too, was received as a novel proposal to activate old artistic forms for contemporary aesthetic production. This practice contrasted with the Japanese view of the issue, which had generally experienced as disruptive attempts to modernize the past. Thus, the exhibition fostered the transfer of cultural strategies.
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Dhaenens, Laurens. "Sympathy or strategy." MODOS: Revista de História da Arte 7, no. 3 (October 2, 2023): 95–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/modos.v7i3.8673725.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper explores two Belgian art exhibitions that took place in Buenos Aires in 1946 and 1948: the Exposición de arte belga moderno and the Exposición de arte belga contemporáneo. Although these exhibitions appear to be part of the same cultural initiative showcasing Belgian art in Argentina after World War II, a closer examination reveals that they were distinct endeavors with differing institutional frameworks and objectives. The study offers a detailed analysis of the institutional context and discourse surrounding both exhibitions from a Belgian viewpoint. Specifically, it delves into the roles of Louis Piérard, the Argentine Commission for Intellectual Cooperation, the Belgian community in Buenos Aires, and the Belgian ministries of Foreign Affairs and Public Education. As such, it unravels the meaning and impact of the exhibitions in a post-war context. Ultimately, the paper demonstrates how these exhibitions reflect Belgium's evolving approach to international cultural diplomacy.
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Skarupsky, Petra. "“The War Brought Us Close and the Peace Will Not Divide Us”: Exhibitions of Art from Czechoslovakia in Warsaw in the Late 1940s." Ikonotheka 26 (June 26, 2017): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.1674.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In his book Awangarda w cieniu Jałty (In the Shadow of Yalta: Art and the Avant-garde in Eastern Europe, 1945–1989), Piotr Piotrowski mentioned that Polish and Czechoslovakian artists were not working in mutual isolation and that they had opportunities to meet, for instance at the Arguments 1962 exhibition in Warsaw in 1962. The extent, nature and intensity of artistic contacts between Poland and Czechoslovakia during their coexistence within the Eastern bloc still remain valid research problems. The archives of the National Museum in Warsaw and the Zachęta – National Gallery of Art which I have investigated yield information on thirty-fi ve exhibitions of art produced in Czechoslovakia that took place in Warsaw in the period of the People’s Republic of Poland. The current essay focuses on exhibitions organised in the late 1940s. The issue of offi cial cultural cooperation between Poland and Czechoslovakia was regulated as early as in the fi rst years after the war. Institutions intended to promote the culture of one country in the other one and associations for international cooperation were established soon after. As early as in 1946, the National Museum in Warsaw hosted an exhibition entitled Czechoslovakia 1939–1945. In 1947 the same museum showed Contemporary Czechoslovakian Graphic Art. A few months after “Victorious February”, i.e. the coup d’état carried out by the Communists in Czechoslovakia in early 1948, the Young Czechoslovakian Art exhibition opened at the Young Artists and Scientists’ Club, a Warsaw gallery supervised by Marian Bogusz. It showed the works of leading artists of the post-war avant-garde, and their authors were invited to the vernissage. Nine artists participated in both exhibitions, i.e. at the National Museum and at the Young Artists and Scientists’ Club. A critical analysis of art produced in one country of the Eastern bloc as exhibited in another country of that bloc enables an art historian to outline a section of the complex history of artistic life. Archival research yields new valuable materials that make it impossible to reduce the narration to a simple opposition contrasting the avant-garde with offi cial institutions.
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Nae, Cristian. "Constellational Modernisms: “Socialist Humanism” and “Contextual Art” in Ion Bitzan and Wanda Mihuleac's Graphic Art of the 1970s." ARTMargins 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2024): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_a_00383.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Art exhibitions acted as facilitators of transnational encounters among artists during the Cold War. This article analyzes the emergence and local circulation of two art critical concepts which described adaptations of art practices and techniques associated with Pop art and conceptual art in Romanian graphic arts of the 1970s as an expanded artistic medium. Focusing on the way Romanian artists Ion Bitzan and Wanda Mihuleac adjusted their experimental art practices to suit different audiences in state-supported exhibitions such as the Romanian Pavilions in Venice or the Ljubljana Graphic Arts Biennale, as well as in other large-scale exhibitions organized in Romania and abroad, the text helps undermine the distinction between official and unofficial art in art under socialism. It argues for the continuities between artistic experimentation in the two spheres of artistic activity and proposes a constellational reading of their graphic art practices as examples of modernisms in translation.
10
Mehring, Frank. "Advancing American Art and Intercultural Confrontations in Germany, 1945–1948." International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity 7, no. 1 (November 2, 2019): 971–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/hcm.594.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article critically addresses the multivalent function of American art exhibitions in the period of de-Nazification and re-democratization. What kind of cultural and political parameters shaped the perception of American Art in Germany during the early post-war years? I investigate intercultural confrontations surrounding the project of advancing American art and the critical response of German audiences by first looking at the exhibition Advancing American Art from 1947. I then analyze the role of the transatlantic cultural mediator Hilla von Rebay to understand developments in the German perspective on American art. The German-born artist von Rebay emigrated in 1927 to the United States and organized the German tour of Zeitgenössische Kunst und Kunstpflege in U.S.A. (Contemporary Art and the Promotion of Arts in the U.S.A.) authorized by the Office of Military Government, United States (OMGUS) in 1948. The project of ‘advancing American art’ resembles a struggle with many setbacks due to lack of official support and finding a larger public in the early years after World War II.
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Lalaki, Despina. "Techni kai psychropolemiki diplomatia: Diethneis eikastikes ektheseis stin Athina (1950–1967) (‘Art and Cold War diplomacy: International art exhibitions in Athens [1950–1967]’), Areti Adamopoulou (2019)." Journal of Greek Media & Culture 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jgmc_00071_5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Review of: Techni kai psychropolemiki diplomatia: Diethneis eikastikes ektheseis stin Athina (1950–1967) (‘Art and Cold War diplomacy: International art exhibitions in Athens [1950–1967]’), Areti Adamopoulou (2019) Thessaloniki: University Studio Press, 420 pp., ISBN 978-9-60122-444-2, p/bk, €32.00
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Castañeda, Luis M. "Kubler's Sarcophagus: Cold War Archaeologies of the Olmec Periphery." ARTMargins 4, no. 1 (February 2015): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_a_00103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article examines conflicting racial, archaeological and art historical interpretations of Olmec art produced in the United States in the early 1960s. It inscribes shifting approaches to the study of monumental Olmec art by figures like George Kubler within the contexts of violent modernization of the Olmec ‘heartland’ of Veracruz and Tabasco, the politicized display of this artistic tradition in museums and traveling exhibitions, and the unstable horizons of U.S.-Mexico diplomatic relations during that period.
13
Matallana, Andrea. "BUILDING ART DIPLOMACY: THE CASE OF CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN ART EXHIBITION IN LATIN AMERICA, 1941." ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts 3, no. 2 (October 20, 2022): 272–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v3.i2.2022.172.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article analyzes the construction of the visual narrative expressed in the exhibition Contemporary North American Painting in 1941. During the II World War, the U.S. government recovered the initiative to build a strong tight with Latin American countries by relaunching the Good Neighbor Policy. Cultural diplomacy was an important branch of this policy. With the purpose of winning friends in the continent, the government created the Office of Inter-American Affairs, led by Nelson Rockefeller, and he sent artists, intellectuals, and exhibitions to make North America known in the other Americas. The Contemporary North American Painting projected an image of the United States as a modern and industrialized society to South Americans. This narrative was one of the devices developed by the U.S. government as part of the soft diplomacy carried out in the 1940s.In this article, we delve into the construction of the visual narrative about the U.S as part of the Good Neighbor exhibition complex, and we will analyze how the exhibition process was thought of as part of representational and ideological machinery.The article was based on reading, analysis, and cataloging of primary sources. The sources were letters, catalogs, photos, and notes from the main characters of the Office of Inter-American Affairs. Likewise, the exhibited works of art were operationalized.
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Johal, Rattanamol Singh. "Re-Worlding Postwar." ARTMargins 8, no. 2 (June 2019): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_r_00238.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The exhibition, Postwar: Art between the Pacific and the Atlantic, 1945–1965 (2016-17), presented nearly 350 works by 218 artists from sixty-five countries, providing an ambitious and expansive account of mid-century modernism. Curated by Okwui Enwezor, Katy Siegel, and Ulrich Wilmes at Haus der Kunst in Munich, Postwar proposed a vision of artistic production in the post-World War II period that foregrounded experiences of war, decolonization, transnational movement, and changing technology. This review situates the show within a history of global exhibitions, articulating the stakes of the project for curatorial practice and pedagogy. It also evaluates its organization and display in the institution’s gallery spaces, reckoning with the limits of the exhibition format and the mode of decentering enacted through a simultaneous presentation of works created by artists in widely varying contexts.
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Majewski, Piotr. "Constructing the canon: exhibiting contemporary Polish art abroad in the Cold War era." Ikonotheka, no. 30 (May 28, 2021): 135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2657-6015ik.30.7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article focuses on the attempts of constructing and presenting the canon of Polish modern and contemporary art in the West after World War II. Initially, the leading role was played by Colourists – painters representing the tradition of Post-Impressionism. After 1956 the focus shifted towards artists who drew in their practice on tachisme and informel. However, the most enduring effects brought the consistent promotion of the interwar Polish Constructivism and its postwar followers. The article discusses the subsequent stages of this process, from the famous exhibition at the Paris Galerie Denise René in 1957, through exhibitions such as Peinture moderne polonaise. Sources et recherches (Modern Polish Painting. Sources and Experiments) from the late 1960s, up to the monumental Présences polonaises (Polish Presences) from 1983 (both in Paris), showing that these efforts contributed to securing a permanent position of Polish Constructivism within the global heritage of 20th-century art.
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Kobylińska-Bunsch, Weronika. "The Post-War History of Pictorialism as Exemplifi ed by Exhibitions at the Zachęta and the Kordegarda (1953–1970)." Ikonotheka 26 (June 26, 2017): 193–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.1678.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Existing academic works examining Polish artistic photography in the 1950s and 1960s are most often based on an analysis of the debates taking place within professional circles and the views of specifi c artists as expressed in the specialist periodicals that were published at that time. Such diagnoses are frequently based on a single and very particular source, namely the monthly magazine Fotografi a. The pages of this periodical project an image of an artistic society enjoying a relatively high degree of autonomy. The present study represents a different research approach, inspired e.g. by the works of Bruce Altshuler and Kenneth Luckhurst, who postulated the re-orientation of art history away from biographical works focused on the individual subject towards a discipline understood as the history of exhibitions. Following the course set by these scholars, one may come to the conclusion that an analysis of the place which photography held in the offi cial exhibition strategy implemented in the 1950s and 1960s in the prestigious Warsaw galleries of the Kordegarda and the Central Bureau of Art Exhibitions (CBWA) may provide an interesting and new contribution to the current state of research. A study based on an examination of the history of exhibitions may help to answer the question whether all forms of photography were equally approved by the authorities at a time when the rules of the cultural policy of the People’s Republic of Poland became more lenient. It also makes it possible to evaluate the degree to which autonomy and heterogeneity (features which may be associated with the magazine Fotografi a) were legitimised through presentation in a state-owned, politicised public space. Conducted from the perspective of exhibition history, the analysis presented herein makes an important shift in the signifi cance of Pictorialism – from a topic on the margins of academic interest to a harbinger of modernity, and thus a central subject in the discourse on Polish photography in the post-war period. Rather surprisingly, it appears to be the slogan that legitimised the more innovative and modern forms of photographic art in the offi cial contexts of the day.
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Raverty, Dennis. "The Painting of Jack Levine and the Politics of Criticism." Prospects 29 (October 2005): 361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300001794.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Jack Levine's Feast of Pure Reason (Figure 1) established him at the forefront of the New York art world when he was just twenty-two years old. Levine's meteoric rise in the years before the Second World War is evidenced by his inclusion in key exhibitions during that time as well as by critical acclaim in both the art magazines and the popular press. Art News went so far as to dub him the “dazzling newcomer.” In the years following the war, however, the art establishment's consensus on Levine's work went through a dramatic reversal. Just how complete was this turnaround is plainly visible in a review, also in Art News from 1955, where Levine's painting was described as “unlikable … tired, thin and lacking in wit.”
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Guseva, Anna V. "Chinese Paintings from Western Museum Collections at the International Exhibition of Chinese Art in London, 1935: On the History of Collecting and Attributing Chinese Paintings." Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts 24, no. 2 (2022): 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2022.24.2.040.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The International Exhibition of Chinese Art that took place in London’s Burlington House from November 1935 to March 1936 is recognised as the major exhibition of ancient and classical Chinese art of the twentieth century. Over two hundred collectors and institutions from 14 countries provided their objects of art to the exhibition. None of the previous exhibitions had had as many items: the number of objects was extraordinary with 3,080 entries in the catalogue of the London exhibition. Moreover, it was the first foreign exhibition presenting items from the former imperial collection of the Forbidden City (Gugun Museum since 1925). In addition to numerous porcelain and bronze items from private and museum collections, the exhibition contained about 300 paintings (monumental painting, scrolls, album sheets, and fans). While it is generally believed that western collectors only started being seriously interested in painting after World War II, the exhibition contained over a hundred paintings of non-Chinese provenance. Due to its scale, the International Exhibition of Chinese Art of 1935 could be considered a representative example of trends in the Chinese art collecting of the 1930s. For this reason, a close analysis of the catalogue may help enrich our idea of the formation of collections of Chinese art, the formation of taste, and its evolution over time. Data related to the paintings from the catalogue are analysed and then compared to the current descriptions from museum databases and catalogues.
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Lavrov, Dmitrii Evgen'evich. "Exhibition activity of the Palekh lacquer miniature craft (1945-1989)." Человек и культура, no. 5 (May 2022): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2022.5.36910.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study is a continuation of the article "Exhibition activity of the Palekh lacquer miniature craft (1923-1939)", published in the scientific journal "Man and Culture". The subject of the proposed work is an analysis of the exhibition activity of the Palekh lacquer craft in the post-war period, limited to the second half of the 1940s and the end of the 1980s. The purpose of the article is to use historical, typological and structural research methods, as well as a historical and systematic approach, to show the specifics of this period in the history of the exhibition activity of the Palekh craft. Emphasizing the continuity of the exhibition activities of the 1940s - 1980s with the pre–war period, the author at the same time points out the new features that appear in the exhibition practices of the craft in the post-war period. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that the author analyzes the most important art shows of the Soviet Union, where the products of the Palekh lacquer miniature were exhibited in the 1940s – 1980s. The article pays special attention to the activities of the State Museum of Palekh Art, which after its opening in 1935 became an important exhibition center for lacquer craft products, personal, retrospective, thematic and traveling exhibitions are considered. The main conclusion of the article is the substantiation of the importance of the considered topic for understanding the public recognition and fame that the Palekh lacquer miniature craft acquired in the late Soviet period, as well as in the post-Soviet period.
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Chepelyk, Oksana. "The Ukrainian projects at the Manifesta 14 and Ars Electronica: the problem of subjectivity in the cultural and political context of the war." CONTEMPORARY ART, no. 18 (November 29, 2022): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31500/2309-8813.18.2022.269711.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article raises issues of the subjectivity of Ukrainian art and culture, in particular in its theoretical and practical aspects, which was developed by the artistic projects of Ukrainian authors, implemented abroad during the war within the framework of representative art forums and exhibitions of Manifesta 14, Ars Electronica, EDAF and others. The purpose of the article is the formation of professional awareness of the practices of Ukrainian contemporary art regarding the problem of the subjectivity of Ukraine on the international arena, through the prism of critical thinking and sensitivity in the cultural and political context of the war, for the sake of modern cultural creation, as well as to facilitate further research studies, of the Ukrainian art projects, implemented abroad during the war within the framework of representative art forums and exhibitions, for their full involvement in the national art discourse. The process of struggle for the subjectivity of Ukraine both within the country and on the international arena is explored. The methodology of the study consists in theoretical and field research on the topic of the subjectivity of Ukrainian art and in the author’s experiments development. The main method is a comprehensive and systematic approach to highlighting issues of subjectivity in culture and art, visual and photometric methods, analysis of concepts, of the artistic realizations, of the relationship between content and form, contexts and discourses. The concept of sensitivity was involved, which includes feelings of empathy and solidarity. The peculiarities of the Ukrainian projects’ presentations within the framework of the top forums of contemporary art were explored, including Manifesta Biennale 14 with the theme «It matters what worlds world worlds: how to tell stories otherwise», Festival for Art, Technology and Society Ars Electronica with the theme «Welcome to Planet B: A different life is possible. But how?» and EDAF, which served as a training ground for the formation of the subjectivity of Ukrainian contemporary art. The case studies were researched of projects by such Ukrainian artists: Stanislava Pinchuk, Alevtina Kakhidze, Oksana Chepelyk, Daria Pugacheva, Danyil Revkovskyi, Andriy Rachinskyi, the art group Sviter and Ivan Svitlychnyi, fantastic little splash, Oleksandr Burlaka and DE NE DE, shown within the framework of representative art exhibitions. The role of the curator and the artist as an agent of the subjectivity of Ukrainian contemporary art in the cultural and political context of the war have been analyzed. Given the fact that the basis of the interaction between contemporary art and the audience is discursive, the signs of the blurred subjectivity of Ukraine are revealed and the prospects for the establishment of Ukraine as an independent subject of culture in the system of global forces are outlined.
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Ottenhausen, Clemens. "FROM TEXTILE TO PLASTIC: ARCHITECTURE, EXHIBITION DESIGN, AND ABSTRACTION (1930–1955)." Artium Quaestiones, no. 32 (December 15, 2021): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/aq.2021.32.4.
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This article investigates the growing proliferation of curtains and wall hangings as key elements in the design of art exhibitions in the years 1930–1955. To demonstrate how textiles were successfully employed as mediators on the threshold between architecture, design objects, and fine arts, I first examine the increasing use of curtains in the interwar period, Fascist Italy, and Nazi Germany to subsequently explore how the role of fabrics in both countries’ rationalist and neoclassicist architecture also played a significant part in exhibition design after the Second World War. I chart how the interest in textiles culminated in 1955, when glossy plastic curtains were integrated into the exhibition architecture at the first documenta in Kassel, Germany, one of the country’s most prestigious recurring art events to this day. During these politically turbulent decades, the exchange between exhibition designers in both countries was bound together by a profound reassessment of the relation between architecture, design, and art. The renewed consciousness of design as an integrated practice played a key role in 1930s architecture, also providing the foundation for the Bauhaus curriculum and the work of artists, designers, and architects (e.g., Wassily Kandinsky, Giuseppe Pagano, Le Corbusier, Carlo Scarpa, Willi Baumeister, Arnold Bode). I demonstrate that during this period textiles were essential for creating continuity between exhibitions and exhibits of vastly differing styles and contexts. The wall hangings, veils, and banners that were used as part of the monumental spaces created for the Fascist regimes in Italy and Germany were ultimately appropriated and turned into means to undermine the neoclassicist and rationalist style in a way that echoed, I argue, society’s neobaroque sensibility in the aftermath of World War II. Though the Federal Republic of Germany’s first two decades were characterized by the general will to educate its citizens in the aesthetics of internationalism, this effort and the concomitant return to the interwar period were accompanied by a strong resurgence in religiosity and desire for emotionally compelling experiences, which signify a partial disavowal of modernism’s most radical stipulations.
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Golan, Romy, and Katy Siegel. "On Curating Postwar." ARTMargins 8, no. 2 (June 2019): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_a_00236.
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On March 8, 2017, curator and art historian Katy Siegel delivered a lecture at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, about the exhibition Postwar: Art Between the Pacific and the Atlantic, 1945–1965 she curated with Okwui Enwezor and Ulrich Wilmes at Haus der Kunst, Munich from October 2016 to March 2017. Postwar, and its accompanying publications, explored how artists responded to the Holocaust, the atomic bomb, a radically transforming world in the aftermath of World War II, and—amidst Cold War divides—decolonization movements, the struggle for civil rights, and the invention of new communication technologies. Ambitious in scope, generous in outlook, and remarkable in its capacity for critical and self-reflexive dialogue, Postwar exemplified many of the qualities that made Enwezor the most significant curatorial voice of the last quarter century. As the final event in the Art, Institutions, and Inter nationalism conference on which this special issue is based, Siegel's lecture capped off two days of intensive discussions on how political internationalism and its attendant institutions impacted the development of art around the world in the mid-twentieth century. During a conversation with art historian Romy Golan following her lecture, Siegel outlined the curatorial decisions that went into Postwar and discussed how exhibitions can confront entrenched ideas of quality and belatedness inherited from Eurocentric readings of modernism. Find the complete conversation between Siegel and Golan at artmargins.com .
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Linden, Diana L. "Modern? American? Jew? Museums and Exhibitions of Ben Shahn's Late Paintings." Prospects 30 (October 2005): 665–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300002222.
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The year 1998 marked the centennial of the birth of artist Ben Shahn (1898–1969). Coupled with the approach of the millennium, which many museums celebrated by surveying the cultural production of the 20th century, the centennial offered the perfect opportunity to mount a major exhibition of Shahn's work (the last comprehensive exhibition had taken place at the Jewish Museum in New York City in 1976). The moment was also propitious because a renewed interest in narrative, figurative art, and political art encouraged scholarly and popular appreciation of Ben Shahn, whose reputation within the history of American art had been eclipsed for many decades by the attention given to the abstract expressionists. The Jewish Museum responded in 1998 with Common Man, Mythic Vision: The Paintings of Ben Shahn, organized by the Museum's curator Susan Chevlowe, with abstract expressionism scholar Stephen Polcari (Figure 1). The exhibition traveled to the Allentown Art Museum in Pennsylvania and closed at the Detroit Institute of Arts in 1999.Smaller Shahn exhibitions then in the planning stages (although not scheduled to open during the centennial year) were to focus on selected aspects of Shahn's oeuvre: the Fogg Museum was to present his little-known New York City photographs of the 1930s in relationship to his paintings, and the Jersey City Museum intended to exhibit his career-launching series, The Passion of Sacco and Vanzetti (1931–32). Knowing this, Chevlowe smartly chose to focus on the later years of Shahn's career and on his lesser-known easel paintings of the post-World War II era. In so doing, Chevlowe challenged viewers to expand their understanding both of the artist and his place in 20th-century American art.
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Hatch, David A. "BECKETT IN TRANSITION: , Little Magazines, and Post-War Parisian Aesthetic Debate." Samuel Beckett Today / Aujourd'hui 15, no. 1 (November 1, 2005): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757405-015001007.
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fits into a larger dialogue on aesthetics that occurs in and around magazine following World War II. In the text Samuel Beckett and Georges Duthuit not only dismiss the modernist agenda established by Eugene Jolas in the previous transition journal, but they also critique discussions about contemporary art exhibitions and enter into the Jean-Paul Sartre/Surrealist debate.
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Hulme, Charles. "John Cassidy, Manchester Sculptor, and his Patrons: Their Contribution to Manchester Life and Landscape." Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 89, no. 1 (March 2012): 207–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/bjrl.89.1.9.
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John Cassidy, born in Ireland and trained as a sculptor at the Manchester School of Art, was a popular figure in the Manchester area during his long career. From 1887, when he spent the summer modelling for visitors at the Royal Jubilee Exhibition, to the 1930s he was a frequent choice for portrait busts, statues and relief medallions. Elected to the Manchester Academy of Fine Arts, he also created imaginative works in all sorts of materials, many of which appeared at the Academys annual exhibitions. He gained public commissions from other towns and cities around Britain, and after World War I created several war memorials. This essay examines his life and work in Manchester, with particular reference to two major patrons, Mrs Enriqueta Rylands and James Gresham. A list of public works still to be seen in Greater Manchester is included.
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Chunikhin, Kirill. "At Home among Strangers: U.S. Artists, the Soviet Union, and the Myth of Rockwell Kent during the Cold War." Journal of Cold War Studies 21, no. 4 (October 2019): 175–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00910.
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After World War II, Soviet institutions organized many exhibitions of the American artist Rockwell Kent that bypassed the U.S. government. Promotion of Kent's work in the USSR was an exclusively Soviet enterprise. This article sheds new light on the Soviet approach to the representation of U.S. visual art during the Cold War. Drawing on U.S. and Russian archives, the article provides a comprehensive analysis of the political and aesthetic factors that resulted in Kent's immense popularity in the Soviet Union. Contextualizing the Soviet representation of Kent within relevant Cold War contexts, the article shows that his art occupied a specific symbolic position in Soviet culture. Soviet propaganda reconceptualized his biography and established the “Myth of Rockwell Kent”—a myth that helped to legitimate Soviet ideology and anti-American propaganda.
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Schulte-Wülwer, Ulrich. "Deutsch-dänische Kunstbeziehungen 1820 bis 1920." Nordelbingen: Beiträge zur Geschichte der Kunst und Kultur, Literatur und Musik in Schleswig-Holstein, no. 89 (December 2023): 115–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.38072/2941-3362/p6.
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In the last decade of the 18th century, the Danish state experienced a period of prosperity, which was characterized by a German-Danish cultural transfer in all intellectual fields. The first clouds were cast by the rise of an artistic self-confidence. Asmus Jacob Carstens from Schleswig and Ernst Meyer from Altona, who felt disadvantaged in the awarding of medals and protested vehemently, were expelled from the art academy in Copenhagen in 1781 and 1821. Nevertheless, the Copenhagen Art Academy had a strong attraction for numerous artists from northern Germany. In this respect, Caspar David Friedrich, Philipp Otto Runge and Georg Friedrich Kersting are primarily worthy of mention. The Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen was a strong link between the Germans and Scandinavians living in Rome throughout his life. The first cracks in the good bilateral relationship came with the strengthening of the national liberal movements. In 1842, the influential teacher at the Copenhagen Art Academy, N.L. Høyen, drew up a program aimed at repressing influences from abroad, especially from Germany. Not all artists heeded Høyens call for a return to national themes of history, folk life, and nature, so that two groups confronted each other in Denmark: the nationalists and the Europeans. With the German-Danish War of 1848/51 there was a rift, and with the war of 1864 the final break. Only after twenty years did the academies of Copenhagen and Berlin resume contact. From 1883 onwards, there were reciprocal visits, which led to Danish artists once again taking part in representative exhibitions in Berlin or Munich. Conversely, however, German artists were denied participation in exhibitions in Copenhagen, an exception being the International Art Exhibition on the inauguration of the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek in Copenhagen in 1897. A spirit freed from all academic constraints also emanated from the artist colonies in Europe. In particular, the works of the Skagen painters were enthusiastically celebrated at exhibitions in Munich and Berlin, which led to some German painters traveling to the Danish artists' colony, where they were received without prejudice. However, at no time was there a balance in the official acceptance and appreciation of the art of the respective neighbouring country. While painters such as Michael Ancher and Peder Severin Krøyer sold works to renowned collectors and museums in Germany, no Danish Museum acquired the work of a German artist during the period under study. The Berlin painter Walter Leistikow, who was married to a Danish woman, worked hard to stimulate a German-Danish art transfer and succeeded in getting the leading Danish gallery owner Valdemar Kleis to offer German painters the opportunity to exhibit in Copenhagen for the first time in 1894, most of whom belonged to the group Die XI, a precursor of the Berlin Secession. The appreciation of the Skagen painters was replaced at the turn of the century by admiration works by F.J. Willumsen and Vilhelm Hammershøj. Hammershøj filled a room of his own at the Great Berlin Art Exhibition in 1900 with 14 works, and the Schulte Gallery in Berli While German admiration for Danish art peaked between 1890 and 1900, people in Denmark continued to look past the German art scene. This was also experienced by the artists' group Die Brücke, which sought foreign members soon after its founding. When Kleis presented works by the Brücke artists in Copenhagen in 1908, they too received only negative reviews. In March 1910, the time seemed ripe for a change of mood. The Berlin gallery owner Herwarth Walden strove to make his Sturm-Galerie a rallying point for the European modernist art movements. In July 1912, he rented the exhibition building of the secessionist group Den Frie in Copenhagen and held an exhibition of Italian Futurists there. When Walden was celebrated by the Danish press as a cosmopolitan who had brought modernism to Copenhagen, he showed works by the French Henri le Fauconier and Raoul Dufy, as well as the painters Marianne von Werefkin and Gabriele Münter, but the tenor of the press was again dominated by anti-German resentment. After the outbreak of World War I, Walden allowed himself to be abused by the German propaganda department of the German Secret and Intelligence Service, which strove to correct the image of Germans abroad as cultural barbarians. Walden showed works by Kandinsky, Klee, Kokoschka, Marc, and again Gabriele Münter at the Copenhagen artists’ cabaret Edderkoppen in the fall of 1917. He also planned an exhibition of Danish avant-garde in his Sturm Gallery in Berlin, but the artists had become suspicious in the face of German propaganda, which was celebrating a last military success. The exhibition was canceled. This did not prevent Walden from organizing an exhibition at Kleis’ art shop in Copenhagen shortly before the end of the war, under the guise of internationalism. This was Walden's largest and most ambitious project in Scandinavia. Of the 133 works exhibited, almost half came from Germany. The attempt to convince the Danes of the excellence of German art failed miserably, because the basic conviction was still: Everything that comes from Germany is bad. The opening took place on November 28 and ended on December 16, 1918, by which time the war was already over.
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Tanzer, Frances. "European Fantasies: Modernism and Jewish Absence at the Venice Biennale of Art, 1948–1956." Contemporary European History 31, no. 2 (December 14, 2021): 243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777321000138.
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This article examines how states with a fascist past – Germany, Austria and Italy – used modernism in the visual arts to rebrand national and European culture at the Venice Biennale of Art after 1945. I argue that post-war exhibitions of modern art, including those at the Biennale, reveal a vast confrontation with Jewish absence after the Holocaust. Christian Democrats and proponents of European integration attempted to reimagine modernism without the Jewish minority that had shaped it in crucial ways. Meanwhile, living Jewish artists resisted their exclusion from the post-war interpretations of modernism, as well as absorbtion of modernism as part of national heritage. Their criticisms lay bare a seeming paradox at the heart of post-war Europe: a desire to claim the veneer of pre-Nazi cosmopolitanism without returning its enabling demographic and cultural diversity. This article points to the significance of philosemitism for establishing post-war national and continental identities.
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Zhang, Yudi. "Reviewing Sharmanka Kinetic Theatre: An Innovative Curatorial Approach Combining Visual and Audio Elements." SHS Web of Conferences 174 (2023): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317402012.
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This article offers a retrospective on the operational model and aesthetic dimensions of steampunk sculptures at the Sharmanka Kinetic Theatre, located in Glasgow. The theatre employs an amalgamation of exhibitions and performances, meticulously choreographed by artist Eduard Bersudsky and his team, who coordinate each mechanical sculpture’s movements. Accompanied by ambient sounds and national music, as well as the dynamic interconnected performances of the sculptures themselves, the audience would be immersed in an artistic appreciation experience, allowing for deeper engagement with the relatively obscure art form of steampunk. This approach, addressing the issue of audiences perhaps being unable to fully appreciate art due to limited viewing time, transcends the traditional exhibition’s lack of a clear timeline or sequence. Furthermore, the article revisits how Eduard Bersudsky incorporates Russian cultural elements, history, and technology into his steampunk mechanical sculptures, which reflect the artist’s contemplation on war and authority, as well as his exploration of the relationship between technology and humanity.
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Lavrov, Dmitrii Evgen'evich. "Exhibition activity of the Palekh lacquer miniature craft (1923-1939)." Человек и культура, no. 4 (April 2022): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2022.4.36873.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the exhibition activity of the masters of the Palekh lacquer miniature. The author has chosen as a chronological period the first fifteen years of the existence of this fishery – from its inception in the first half of the 1920s to the beginning of the Second World War. The subject of the study, therefore, is an analysis of the exhibition practices of the Palekh art craft of the pre-war period (1923-1939). The article shows the importance of the exhibition activity of the Palekh lacquer craft at all stages of this brief, but nevertheless extremely eventful period. The purpose of the article is to show the importance that the exhibition activity had for the success and public recognition of Palekh as a new and quickly became the most famous lacquer craft in Russia. The scientific novelty of the article consists in the fact that, using historical-typological and structural research methods, as well as a historical-systematic approach, the author analyzes the most important domestic and foreign shows of the 1920s - 1930s, at which the products of the Palekh lacquer miniature were exhibited. The author emphasizes an important circumstance: the very formation and strengthening of the Palekh lacquer miniature craft in the first half and mid-1920s was caused precisely by the success of the prototypes exhibited at the largest exhibitions of that time, such as the All-Russian Exhibition of 1923 in Moscow, as well as the International Exhibition in Paris of 1925. At the same time, it is shown that Palekh's products continued to be successful at the shows (the exhibition "10 years of October" in 1927, the Soviet Exhibition in New York in 1928, the International Exhibition in Paris in 1937 and many other exhibitions analyzed in the article). Thus, it is the justification of the success of the exhibition activity of the Palekh lacquer miniature craft as an important factor of its public recognition that is the main conclusion of the article.
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Park, Marlene. "Lynching and Antilynching: Art and Politics in the 1930s." Prospects 18 (October 1993): 311–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300004944.
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Lynching became a fact of American life after the Civil War, but it only became an important subject for writers of the Harlem Renaissance in the 1920s and a subject for visual artists in the 1930s. During the Depression, antilynching works were first a reaction to the widespread outrage over the Scottsboro case and then part of the political and legislative efforts to make lynching a federal offense. In early 1935, both the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the Communist Party's John Reed Club held competing art exhibitions that not only condemned lynching but also supported their legislative objectives. After World War II, when Civil Rights legislation became the main priority, images of lynching continued primarily in the works of African-American artists. But in these later works, lynching became the prime symbol of American racism, springing from a black perspective rather than from particular political campaigns or from contemporary experience.
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Stolarska-Fronia, Małgorzata. "Between War Images and Ecstatic Prayers." Journal of Avant-Garde Studies 3, no. 1-2 (December 18, 2023): 93–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25896377-00301006.
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Abstract The work of Breslau artist Heinrich Tischler (1892–1938), although well-known and investigated by researchers of local art milieu, mainly through exhibitions, has not yet received a deeper interpretation from the point of view of the complex and rich iconographic repertoire that has its roots in both Jewish and non-Jewish mystical thought, and in terms of the artist’s connections with the Jewish Expressionist community from Germany and Eastern Europe. Tischler, as a Jewish Expressionist whose work touched on messianic and apocalyptic themes, drew inspiration from the Kabbalah and included references to Christian iconography, as well as an element of the grotesque. This article focuses primarily on Tischler’s painting and graphic works, analyzing their Jewish idiom of messianic and apocalyptic motifs.
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Majewska, Ewa. "Nursing and Reading. Affective Realism in Andrzej Wróblewski’s Painting." Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia de Cultura 13, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20837275.13.3.2.
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Andrzej Wróblewski’s painting has already achieved the status of a cult classic. His worksare usually interpreted as a confrontation with war, the system, or totalitarianism—thatis, as “political.” Understanding politics in this way—separating its “public,” “general,” or institutional aspects from direct, lived experience—is at odds with dialectics, whose complex trajectory the young Warsaw-based painters attempted to follow shortly after the war. Zbigniew Dłubak quoting György Lukács, the manifestos of the first exhibitions of modern art, and Wróblewski’s notes and texts all clearly indicate the necessity of moving beyond the classical (at least in liberal-conservative political thought) division between the public and the private in the analysis of avant-garde art of that period. From a feminist perspective, which I will develop here, I can only applaud the overcoming of this separation.
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Tuminskaya, Olga A. "Educational Activities of the State Russian Museum in the 1940s." Observatory of Culture 18, no. 5 (October 29, 2021): 549–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2021-18-5-549-559.
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The relevance of the article is indicated by referring to archival primary sources that characterize the forms and methods of scientific and artistic educational activities of the State Russian Museum in the 1940s, in particular — during the Great Patriotic War (a museum tour, an exhibition session, a lecture, a conversation with slides). This makes it possible to more accurately identify the direction of work in the following years and at the present time and indicate the need to introduce other forms of work with visitors: lectures with slides, traveling exhibitions, concerts, cycle subscriptions, trips to villages and enterprises, lectures on the radio, cooperation with the museum’s publishing house and the country’s press bodies.The influence of the Department of Scientific and Artistic Propaganda of the 1940s on the State Russian Museum’s subsequent work on communication with the audience is expressed in the revision of the content of the excursion and lecture courses. In the 1950s—1970s, messages on the heroic past of the Soviet people, presentations of the activities of warrior artists, and communication with national unions of artists gained particular popularity. The State Russian Museum became a center for advanced training of tour guides for peripheral art museums.Documentary sources, which include archive materials, are of particular importance in the preservation of memory. Together with them, works of art created during the war or in the first post-war years play an invaluable role in restoring the truth.
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Jagielska-Burduk, Alicja, and Andrzej Jakubowski. "“Narrative Museums” and Curators’ Rights: The Protection of a Museum Exhibition and Its Scenario under Polish Law." Santander Art and Culture Law Review, no. 2 (6) (2020): 151–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2450050xsnr.20.014.13017.
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Since at least the 1990s, museums have expanded to cover a variety of societal functions, often enabling inclusive and participatory spaces for critical dialogue about the past and the future, and bridging together various narratives and cultural experiences, contributing to social cohesion and reconciliation. The new functions of museums, involving novel technological forms of display and communication, pose several legal questions concerning the management of such institutions, their resources, and exhibitions, including issues of copyright and other intellectual property rights. While referring to a recent case concerning an alleged infringement of the moral rights of the authors of the permanent exhibition of the Museum of the Second World War in Gdansk (MWII), this article examines the scope of copyright protection in new, so-called, “narrative” museums under Polish law. First it briefly scrutinizes main facts and circumstances of this case. Secondly, it discusses the current legal framework on the copyright protection of museum exhibitions under Polish law. Next, in light of the judgment rendered in the MWII case, the standard of legal protection of moral interests resulting from a museum exhibition’s design and its scenario (script) is explored. Finally, the article concludes with a set of observations concerning the extent to which copyright law may serve as a tool for protecting the integrity of museum exhibitions and their original conceptual design.
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Eres, Ana. "The Venice biennale and art in Belgrade in the 1950s. A contribution to the study of the artistic dialogue between Italy and Serbia." Balcanica, no. 53 (2022): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc2253227e.
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Throughout the twentieth century the International Art Exhibition Venice Biennale was seen as a major event by the art world of Belgrade and, more broadly, of Serbia and Yugoslavia. After the Second World War this biggest and most important international show of contemporary art provided Belgrade?s artists and art critics with an opportunity to acquaint themselves with the latest developments on the international art scene. At the same time, it was used as a platform for the leading figures of Belgrade?s artistic and cultural-policy establishment to create, through the exhibitions mounted in the national pavilion, an image of the country?s artistic contemporaneity aimed at achieving its desired standing in the West. The attitude of Belgrade?s art scene to the Venice Biennale went through a particularly interesting phase in the 1950s. Its transformations offer an opportunity to observe, analyse and expand the knowledge about the changes that marked that turbulent decade in the history of Serbian art, which went a long way from dogmatically exclusive socialist realism to the institutionalization of a high-modernist language as the dominant model. Based on the reconstruction of Yugoslavia?s sustained participation in the Venice Biennale (1950-60), this paper analyses the models of the representation of Serbian art in the international context of the Biennale within a broader context of the intensification of Serbian-Italian artistic contacts during the period under study.
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Roberts, Siân. "Education, art, and exile: cultural activists and exhibitions of refugee children’s art in the UK during the Second World War." Paedagogica Historica 53, no. 3 (April 5, 2017): 300–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00309230.2017.1308385.
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Belting, Hans. "The Museum of Modern Art and the History of Modernism." Nka Journal of Contemporary African Art 2020, no. 46 (May 1, 2020): 100–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10757163-8308222.
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Right from its opening in 1929, the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) recreated modern art as a new myth that was rescued from European history and thus became accessible as an independent value for an American audience. Paradoxically, the myth stemmed from the opinion that modern art’s history seemed to have expired in pre-war Europe. Upon MoMA’s completion of a major expansion project in 2004, there was considerable anticipation about how the museum would represent its own history and raise its profile in a new century. As it turned out, the museum opted for a surprisingly retrospective look, since its curators were tempted to exhibit its own collection, so unique up until the sixties, in the new exhibition halls. This launched a dilemma for MoMA, as it became a place for past art with little space for new art. In an in-depth analysis of what constitutes “modern” art in the context of the preeminent questions circulating in the art world during this time—When was modern art? and Where was modern art?—the author presents a focused chronology of the administration of MoMA under the museum’s first director, Alfred Hamilton Barr Jr. (1929–43), and, later, William Rubin, director of the Department of Painting and Sculpture (1968–88), with regard to their influence on the museum’s mission, exhibitions, and international profile. The author concludes with commentary on contemporary changes in art geography and contemplation on the effect on artists of the emergence of a global art market.
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Tuminskaya, O. A. "Educational activities of the Russian museum in the 1940s (blockade and evacuation)." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg State University of Culture, no. 4 (45) (December 2020): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30725/2619-0303-2020-4-111-118.
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The article discusses the methods of scientific and artistic propaganda (Museum and local history tour, lesson at the exhibition, lecture, conversation with slides). Museum employees at places of temporary storage of monuments carried out educational work among the population. Working with the audience in the Museum serves as a support for the positive state of mind of people in the conditions of intense wartime. Meeting with evacuees collections of art monuments allowed residents of Perm, Gorky, Solikamsk and other regional centers in 1941–1945 to expand their horizons, aesthetically evaluate the famous masterpieces of Russian art, which had a beneficial effect on the entire cultural climate of the provincial society. During the great Patriotic war, the main part of the art collections of the State Russian Museum was evacuated to Molotov (Perm). Paintings, sculptures, works of iconography are placed in the Perm Museum of local lore, in the Trinity Cathedral of Solikamsk. Conducting excursions and consultations at temporary exhibitions, conversations with slides are methods of scientific and educational work. This work was important and necessary for the residents of Perm. The meeting with art organized for visitors of the Museum in Perm by the staff of the Russian Museum provided great spiritual support during the great Patriotic war, which can be regarded as an unprecedented case of aesthetic education of the younger generation and spiritual support of the residents of Perm in wartime conditions. The relevance of the material presented in the article is undeniable. In the last years of the twenty-fi rst century, there have been increasing calls for a review of the role of the Soviet Army in the great Patriotic war (1941–1945). It is necessary to take responsibility for historical truth. The importance of the Victory, which brought liberation from Hitlerism not only to our Homeland, but also to the Western world, is great, and the merits are invaluable. It is necessary to preserve the truth for future generations of residents of the former Soviet space, as well as citizens of other countries. Special importance in the preservation of memory belongs to documentary sources, which include archive materials. Along with them, works of art created during the war or in the first post-war years play an invaluable role in restoring the truth.
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Bulavs, Vilnis. "Kārlis Cemiņš – mākslinieks un pedagogs." Scriptus Manet: humanitāro un mākslas zinātņu žurnāls = Scriptus Manet: Journal of Humanities and Arts, no. 12 (December 21, 2020): 89–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/sm.2020.12.089.
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Kārlis Celmiņš (1894–1973) is one of the less famous Latvian artists. He was born in Cēsis as the fifth, the last child in his family, the only son. He received an artistic education at Stroganov School of Arts in Moscow. Still studying at this school, Celmiņš took part in the IV Exhibition of Latvian Art in Riga in 1914. After he had finished school, he was drafted into the Russian Empire’s army, where he was assigned a painter decorator of his regiment. Celmiņš returned to Latvia in 1918. After working as a teacher of drawing in Madona for two years, he moved to Jelgava. There he worked as a teacher of arts in Jelgava Classic Gymnasium. During the time of independent Latvia, Celmiņš actively took part in Jelgava’s artistic life. He regularly displayed his works at society’s “Zaļā Vārna” and other exhibitions and organized exhibitions himself together with students of the gymnasium. Celmiņš had many-sided artistic interests. He was not only painting and drawing but also doing graphics, applied arts, making silver jewelry, and writing poems in his leisure time. The monument devoted to the Latvian soldiers who fell in action in 1916–1917 was made after the artist’s project. Almost all works of the master were destroyed in the ruins of Jelgava during the war in 1944. Celmiņš felt very sorry about this loss. The artist and his wife and children moved to Dundaga after Jelgava was destroyed, but when the war was over, they settled in Tukums. There Celmiņš worked in a ceramics workshop as a decorator of ready-made plates and dishes. In 1946 the artist was invited to work at the School of Applied Arts in Liepāja. The rest of his life Celmiņš spent in this city. The artist painted portraits, landscapes, still-lifes, and decorative compositions with plants, flowers, and the sea all his creative life. He did his works with oil, watercolours, colour chalks, and pencil. The life of the free-thinking artist was not easy during the Soviet occupation. Many people did not understand the art of Celmiņš. At the end of his life, the master organised several personal exhibitions in Liepāja, Jelgava, Cēsis. Many interesting paintings of flowers done with watercolours, pastel, and colour oil chalks were displayed in his last exhibition, “Flowers” in 1973. Those were the paintings of gladioli, irises, calla lilies, and other flowers made during the last years of his life. Celmiņš died in Liepāja on 16 October 1973, leaving a wide range of works of his individual, unique style.
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May, Robert E. "Culture Wars: The U.S. Art Lobby and Congressional Tariff Legislation during the Gilded Age and Progressive Era." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 9, no. 1 (January 2010): 37–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781400003789.
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From 1883 to World War I, disputes over art tariffs roiled America's art community, drawing preeminent painters, sculptors, architects, and illustrators into national lobbying campaigns. This essay exposes artists’ agency in tariff politics, illuminates their ideologies, and explains congressional debates, legislation, and diplomacy regarding U.S. art schedules, while demonstrating how the art tariff imbroglio often challenged longstanding partisan patterns in Washington with respect to tariff protectionism. It also contributes to Atlantic world studies by exploring how artists’ anti-tariff positions derived from transoceanic systems of art pedagogy and exhibitions and by showing how protectionists (including a minority of artists) capitalized upon persistent popular stereotypes of national cultural inferiority. Finally, this essay argues that growing disparities of wealth and class sensitivities increasingly affected turn-of-the-century tariff discourse. Protectionists demanded punitive retribution against the international collecting activities of America's ostentatious plutocrats; free-art proponents craved tariff reforms for the didactic purpose of elevating popular taste through exposure to European masterworks.
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Murray, Ann. "Käthe Kollwitz: Memorialization as Anti-Militarist Weapon." Arts 9, no. 1 (March 10, 2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts9010036.
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This essay explores Käthe Kollwitz’s antiwar graphic work in the context of the German, and later, international No More War movement from 1920 to 1925, where it played an important role in antimilitarist campaigns, exhibitions, and publications, both in Germany and internationally. Looking at Kollwitz’s production closely, we discover a deeply pragmatic artistic strategy, where the emotionality of Kollwitz’s famed prints was the result of tireless technical, formal, and compositional investigation, contrived to maximize emotional impact. By choosing the easily disseminated medium of printmaking as her main vehicle and using a deliberately spare but powerful graphic language in carefully chosen motifs, Kollwitz intended her art to reach as broad an audience as possible in engaging antiwar sentiment. In connection with the leading antiwar voices of the time, including French Nobel Prize-winning writer Romain Rolland and the founder of War Resisters’ International, Helene Stöcker, she deployed her work to reach beyond the confines of the art gallery, into internationally distributed posters, periodicals, and books.
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Počs, Kārlis. "A VIEW ON THE HISTORY OF LATVIAN-FRENCH CULTURAL RELATIONS BEFORE WORLD WAR II." Via Latgalica, no. 1 (December 31, 2008): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/latg2008.1.1598.
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Because of the geographic location of the Latvian and the French nations and of different trends in the development of their histories contacts between them were established relatively late. This in turn slowed down the development of their cultural relations. In this development, we can distinguish two stages: before the formation of the Latvian state (from the second half of the 19th century until 1918), and during the Latvian state until the Soviet occupation (1920–1940). The objective of this paper is to determine the place and the role of the Latvian-French cultural relations in the development of the Latvian culture before World War II. For this purpose, archive materials, memoirs, reference materials and available studies were used. For the main part of the research, the retrospective and historico-genetic methods were mostly used. The descriptive method was mainly used for sorting the material before the main analysis. The analysis of the material revealed that the first contacts of the Latvians with French culture were recorded in the second half of the 19th century via fine arts and French literature translated into Latvian. By the end of the century, these relations became more intense, only to decrease again a little in the beginning of the 20th century, especially in the field of translations of the French belles-lettres. The events of 1905 strengthened Latvian political emigration to France. The emigrants became acquainted with French culture directly, and part of them added French culture to their previous knowledge. The outcome of World War I and the revolution in Russia then shaped the ground for the formation of the Latvian state. This dramatically changed the nature and the intensity of the Latvian-French cultural relations. To the early trends in the cooperation, the sphere of education was added, with French schools in Latvia and Latvian students in France. In the sphere of culture, relations in theater, music and arts were established. It should be noted that also an official introduction of the French into Latvian art began at that time. As a matter of fact, such an introduction had already been started by Karlis Huns, Voldemars Matvejs, and Vilhelms Purvitis, who successfully participated in the Paris art exhibitions before the formation of the Latvian state. In the period of the Latvian state, artists would arrange their personal exhibitions in France, and general shows supported by the state would be arranged. The most notable of them were the following: - In 1928, the Latvian Ministry of Education supported the participation of all Latvian artists’ unions in the exhibition dedicated to the 10th anniversary of the state. General shows were organized in Warsaw, Budapest, Copenhagen, Paris, London, etc. (Jaunākās Ziņas, 1928: Nr. 262, 266); - in the summer of 1935, an exhibition of folk art from the Baltic states, including textiles, clothes, paintings, sculptures, and ceramics was opened in Paris; - the largest exhibition of Latvian artists in Paris took place from January 27 to February 28, 1939, with presidents of both states being in charge of its organization. It can be concluded that the Latvian-French cultural relations were an important factor in the development of Latvian culture, especially in the spheres of fine arts and literature until the Soviet occupation.
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Alberti, Chiara Stella Sara. "Mexico in Italy; A look from the de Micheli Fund." Quaderni Culturali IILA 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/qciila-1511.
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The discovery of post-revolutionary Mexican art in Italy is deemed to have started in the 50s especially thanks to the studies of Mario DeMicheli, a social-art historian and protagonist in the debate on Realist Art. De Micheli,who learned about "Muralismo" through a series of trips to Mexico and through his encounters with David Alfaro Siqueiros, disseminated his work through the publication of essays, articles and the organisation of large exhibitions. A first exploration of the Ada e Mario De Micheli archive in Milan provides the primary sources for the present essay. The aim of the paper is to present an initial reconstruction of the relationship between Italian and Mexican art from the post-World War II until the 80s. The author offers a significant reflexion on the mutual influence between the two national contexts showing how muralismo has "travelled" across the Atlantic.
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STAVILĂ, Tudor. "Referring to one exhibition." Arta 31, no. 1 (September 2022): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/arta.2022.31-1.09.
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The National Art Museum of Moldova constantly surprises with vernissages and original themes, regardless of whether it refers to personal or group exhibitions, to regional or international activities. The presence of the exhibition “Five couples”, which was opened this year, on May of 17 and it confirmed the actuality of some events, which have became a tradition and an evolution of the performances of that institution. The moment refers to painters and their works, which were active in various cultural spaces of modern Russia and interwar Bessarabia, from the Romanian Kingdom before the Second World War and the period of the emergence of the Moldavian SSR, following a not simple artistic way, in completely diverse and incompatible environments. Their creation demonstrated the existence of two value systems: one was of European formation; another was of Russian production, both were belonging to the opposite visions. Mihail Grecu and Lidia Arionescu, Mihail Grecu and Fira Grecu, Moisei and Eugenia Gamburd, Valentina Rusu-Ciobanu and Glebus Sainciuc, Ana Baranovici and Dmitrii Sevastianov were honored at the exhibition.
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Darius, Elena I., and Mikhail Yu Shishin. "A.V. KHUDYASHEV (1885–1927): BIOGRAPHICAL FEATURES AND ANALYSIS OF THE ARTIST’S CREATIVE HERITAGE." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Kul'turologiya i iskusstvovedenie, no. 43 (2021): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22220836/43/21.
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Alexander Khudyashev is a sculptor, painter, teacher, organizer who played a prominent role in the artistic life of two Siberian cities - Tomsk and Barnaul in the 10–20s of the twentieth century. This article, based on the documents found, represents for the first time the main stages of his life and work, active participation in the All-Siberian Association of Artists «New Siberia». Until recently, very little was known about the life and work of this artist. The authors of the article, relying on archival materials, restored the biography of A. Khudyashev, in particular, more fully covered the Barnaul period of his life. On the basis of the documents found in the State Archive of the Altai Krai, the facts of the early years of the master's biography, the period of study at the Kazan Art School, and studies at private art studios in Moscow became known. The article describes his organizational work in Tomsk: on the board of the Tomsk Society of Art Lovers, participating in annual periodic art exhibitions, organizing a number of exhibitions («Exhibition of paintings and sculptures by local artists» and «Autumn exhibition of local and non-resident authors»). In Novonikolaevsk (now Novosibirsk), together with the assistant of the Leipzig Royal Academy of Arts, Czech artist F. Havelka, he participated in the preparation of the first in the history of the city art exhibition of Tomsk and Novikolaevsk professional artists and students of the Tomsk Real School and private studio F. Havelka. The pedagogical activity of the master is noted: in parallel with the creative and organizational work, Khudyashev taught sculpture in F. Havelka’s private drawing classes, drawing in the theological schooland first city women’s school, as well as in the Mariinsky female gymnasium. In 1918, the artist returned to Barnaul, where, according to A. Khudyashev's questionnaire recently discovered in the State Archive of the Altai Territory, he continued his teaching activities at the Barnaul Pedagogical Technical School and at the Workers' Faculty, and also worked in the Altai provincial department of public education. In addition, the artist was engaged in design activities. Becoming a member of the AllSiberian Society of Artists «New Siberia», he took part in the First All-Siberian exhibition of painting, sculpture, graphics and architecture, opened by members of the "New Siberia" in 1927 in Novosibirsk. The history of the Museum of Fine Arts in Barnaul, the first art museum in Altai, is connected with the name of A. Khudyashev. In difficult historical times, the change of the social and political system, the civil war, the introduction of the New Economic Policy A.V. Khudyashev sought to save a unique collection of the first art museum in Altai, understanding the importance and necessity of his work for future generations. The article introduces for the first time into the scientific parlance and analyzes three of his remaining paintings, now stored in the State Art Museum of the Altai Krai, tells about the composition and fate of the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts in Barnaul.
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Petzal, Monica. "From Archive to Print." European Judaism 56, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ej.2023.560105.
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Abstract Monica Petzal is an artist, curator and writer with a particular interest in her German-Jewish background. Trained as a painter and art historian, she became a printmaker in mid-career, enabling her to explore more fully a rich family archive of images, texts and objects. In this article she explores the connection between the writing of Victor Klemperer and her maternal family in Dresden before the Second World War, her family archive and the artwork produced for two exhibitions, Indelible Marks – The Dresden Project in 2013–14 and Dissent and Displacement in 2020.
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Komorowski, Wiktor. "Hard Ground-Soft Politics: The Biennial of Graphic Arts in Ljubljana and Biting of the Iron Curtain." Humanities 7, no. 4 (October 9, 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h7040097.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 1955, the Ljubljana Biennial of Graphic Arts was founded. It was the first curatorial initiative that aimed to link graphic artists working around the world and with those divided by the Cold War. The Ljubljana Biennial became a major success and its model quickly spread worldwide, augmenting the international circulation of prints and exchanges of artistic concepts. Over the next twenty years similar exhibitions were established in Krakow, Tallinn, San Juan, Santiago de Chile, Cali, Tokyo, Cairo, Fredrikstad, Frechen, Sofia and Bradford. The Ljubljana Biennial of Graphic Arts offered an opportunity for artists from Yugoslavia, Eastern Europe and Latin America, such as Andrzej Lachowicz, Mauricio Leib Lasansky, Adolfo Quinteros and Aleš Veselý, to exhibit their works alongside the protagonists of the western contemporary graphic art circuit such as Robert Rauschenberg, Antonio Segui, Yozo Hamaguchi, Max Bill and Victor Vasarely. The network of exhibitions that followed the example set by Ljubljana Biennial of Graphic Arts became a window into the world not only for printmakers, but also for a number of artists who were affected by Cold War cultural exclusion. The network of dedicated international print exhibitions created favourable conditions for an emerging third space, which became a platform for communication between the cultures divided by the Iron Curtain. This article focuses on the curatorial assumptions that brought the Biennial of Graphic Arts in Ljubljana to life and questions its position as a cultural cornerstone for the Non-Aligned geopolitical order.
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Atkinson, Jeanette, Tracy Buck, Simon Jean, Alan Wallach, Peter Davis, Ewa Klekot, Philipp Schorch, et al. "Exhibition Reviews." Museum Worlds 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 206–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/armw.2013.010114.
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Steampunk (Bradford Industrial Museum, UK)Framing India: Paris-Delhi-Bombay . . . (Centre Pompidou, Paris)E Tū Ake: Māori Standing Strong/Māori: leurs trésors ont une âme (Te Papa, Wellington, and Musée du quai Branly, Paris)The New American Art Galleries, Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, RichmondScott's Last Expedition (Natural History Museum, London)Left-Wing Art, Right-Wing Art, Pure Art: New National Art (Museum of Modern Art, Warsaw)Focus on Strangers: Photo Albums of World War II (Stadtmuseum, Jena)A Museum That Is Not: A Fanatical Narrative of What a Museum Can Be (Guandong Times Museum, Guandong)21st Century: Art in the First Decade (QAGOMA, Brisbane)James Cook and the Exploration of the Pacific (Art and Exhibition Hall of the Federal Republic of Germany, Bonn)Land, Sea and Sky: Contemporary Art of the Torres Strait Islands (QAGOMA, Brisbane) and Awakening: Stories from the Torres Strait (Queensland Museum, Brisbane)
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Locatelli, Veronica. "“Un museo di esposizioni temporanee”: il Padiglione d’arte contemporanea di Ignazio Gardella nel contesto culturale milanese tra anni Quaranta e Cinquanta." Opus Incertum 9 (December 13, 2023): 146–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/opus-14848.
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“A museum of temporary exhibitions”: the architect-engineer Ignazio Gardella used this formula to describe the PAC (Contemporary Art Pavilion) in Milan, summarising the prerogatives and destiny of his first museographic project, opened in 1954, which stood out for its originality in the Italian cultural panorama of the immediate post-war period. The ambiguity of the architectural structure, precariously balanced between an uncertain museum identity, permanent by vocation, and a flexible space designed for a variable palimpsest, was coupled with the uncertainty of its content. The interweaving of the project’s documentary history and the specificities of its underlying cultural plan reveal the identity and political strategies of what, at least in its intentions, was to be the first civic museum of contemporary art in Italy.