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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Wage skill premium"

1

Choi, Taelim. "Agglomeration Effect of Skill-Based Local Labor Pooling: Evidence of South Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 15, 2020): 3198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083198.

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Since workplace skills present diverse dimensions of a worker’s ability, it has recently received renewed interest by researchers examining the growth of cities. The purpose of the paper explores the advantage of regional concentrations of workers specialized in different types of skills. Specifically, the analysis estimates the agglomeration effects of skill-based labor pooling on wage levels and wage growth in South Korea. To this end, it constructs skill-based labor pool indices for cognitive, social, technical, and physical skills at a provincial level. The indices show an uneven geographical distribution in varying degrees across four types of skills. The regression results indicate that the urban wage premium of skill-based local labor pooling varies according to types of skills. The greatest magnitude of benefit is incurred by workers in cognitive-skill-oriented occupations and moderate benefits are found in technical- and physical-skill-oriented occupations. An urban wage premium is non-existent in social-skill-oriented occupations. In addition, the wage growth model with job mobility shows that the urban wage premium immediately affects workers who change jobs and relocate to denser areas. As high-wage occupations earn higher wage premiums when workers in these occupations are concentrated, it supports patterns of the polarization of both skills and their effects.
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2

Neves, Pedro Cunha, Óscar Afonso, and Tiago Neves Sequeira. "Population growth and the wage skill premium." Economic Modelling 68 (January 2018): 435–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2017.08.019.

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3

Sampson, Thomas. "Selection into Trade and Wage Inequality." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 6, no. 3 (August 1, 2014): 157–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.6.3.157.

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This paper analyzes how intra-industry trade affects the wage distribution when both workers and firms are heterogeneous. Positive assortative matching between worker skill and firm technology generates an employer size-wage premium and an exporter wage premium. Fixed export costs cause the selection of advanced technology, high-skill firms into exporting, and trade shifts the firm technology distribution upwards. Consequently, trade increases skill demand and wage inequality in all countries, both on aggregate and within the upper tail of the wage distribution. This holds when firms receive random technology draws and when technology depends on firm-level R&D. (JEL F16, J23, J24, J31)
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4

김영준 and 손종칠. "Changes in Skill Wage Premium: Facts and Factors." Review of International Money and Finance 2, no. 2 (November 2012): 43–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.34251/ifadoi.2.2.201211.003.

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5

Park, Kihong. "English Language and Skill Mismatch: The Case of South Korea." African and Asian Studies 12, no. 4 (2013): 391–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341274.

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Abstract Most prior research addressing the topic of job mismatch focuses on educational mismatch, while the economic analysis of skills-job mismatch in terms of skill utilization has received relatively little attention in the literature. Using the 2007 Korea Labor and Income Panel Survey (KLIPS), this paper examines the impact on wages of skills-job mismatch between acquired and required English language proficiency in the Korean workplace. The major findings confirm the validity of the assignment theory proposed by Sattinger (1993), which asserts that the returns to additional investment in human capital appear to depend in part on the quality of the assignment of heterogeneous workers to heterogeneous jobs, and thus returns to investment in skills are limited by how well jobs exploit workers’ skills. Specifically, the results are first, that skills-job mismatch based on English language job requirements has a strong statistically significant impact on wages, second, that the returns to over-skilling are negative (the wage penalty), while the returns to under-skilling are positive (the wage premium), and third, that the wage penalty associated with over-skilling is stronger than the wage premium associated with under-skilling.
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6

Pargianas, Christos. "ENDOGENOUS POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, WAGE INEQUALITY, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH." Macroeconomic Dynamics 21, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 183–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100515000449.

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The paper suggests that the political changes brought about by the increase in the proportion of college graduates in the U.S. labor force in the 1970s may have contributed to the decline in the college premium during the 1970s and its increase during the 1980s and 1990s. The study argues that the proportion of skilled workers in the labor force affected their relative importance in the political process. Thus, the increase in the proportion of skilled workers during the 1970s reduced the skill premium in the short run, but induced a change in policies that favored skilled workers and increased the skill premium in the long run.
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7

Sill, K. "Widening the wage gap: the skill premium and technology." IEEE Engineering Management Review 31, no. 1 (2003): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/emr.2003.1201445.

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8

Ragan, James F., and Qazi Najeeb Rehman. "Earnings Profiles of Department Heads: Comparing Cross-Section and Panel Models." ILR Review 49, no. 2 (January 1996): 256–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399604900205.

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Academics who become department heads suffer declining research skills because of time spent performing administrative tasks, and this skill depreciation slows future wage growth. This study examines Kansas State University faculty who served as department heads during the period 1965–92. Cross-section estimates of the compensation for serving as department head are biased upward because of a correlation between unmeasured productivity characteristics and selection as department head. To correct for this bias, the authors reestimate earnings equations using a panel model that incorporates personal fixed effects. Although the average department head in the sample received a wage premium of 12%, the premium for past administrative service had completely disappeared for the typical former head. Another finding is that skill depreciation was most severe and wage growth most adversely affected in the sciences. As compensation, department heads in the sciences received a larger initial administrative premium than did other department heads.
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9

Cravino, Javier, and Sebastian Sotelo. "Trade-Induced Structural Change and the Skill Premium." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 11, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 289–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20170434.

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We study how international trade affects manufacturing employment and the relative wage of unskilled workers when goods and services are traded with different intensities. Manufacturing trade reduces manufacturing prices worldwide, which reduces manufacturing employment if manufactures and services are complements. International trade also raises real income, which reduces manufacturing employment if services are more income elastic than manufactures. Manufacturing production is unskilled-labor-intensive, so that these changes increase the skill premium. We incorporate these mechanisms in a quantitative trade model and show that reductions in trade costs had a negative impact on manufacturing employment and the relative wage of unskilled workers. (JEL F16, J24, J31, L60)
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10

Felgueroso, Florentino, Manuel Hidalgo-Pérez, and Sergi Jiménez-Martín. "The Puzzling Fall of the Wage Skill Premium in Spain." Manchester School 84, no. 3 (July 22, 2015): 390–435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/manc.12116.

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Дисертації з теми "Wage skill premium"

1

Elitas, Zeynep. "Reassessing The Trends In The Relative Supply Of College-equivalent Workers In The U.s.: A Selection-correction Approach." Phd thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615741/index.pdf.

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Among better-educated employed workers, the fraction of full-time full-year (FTFY) workers is quite high and stable over time in the U.S. Among those with low education levels, however, this fraction is much lower and considerably more volatile. These observations suggest that the composition of unobserved skills is subject to sharp movements within low-educated employed workers, while the scale of these movements is potentially much smaller within high-educated ones. The standard college premium framework accounts for the observed shifts between education categories, but it cannot account for unobserved compositional changes within education categories. This thesis uses Heckman'
s two-step estimator on repeated Current Population Survey cross sections to calculate a relative supply series that corrects for unobserved compositional shifts due to selection in and out of the FTFY status. We find that the well-documented deceleration in the growth rate of relative supply of college-equivalent workers after mid-1980s becomes even more pronounced once we correct for selectivity. This casts further doubt on the relevance of the plain skill-biased technical change hypothesis. We conclude that what happens to the within-group skill composition for low-educated groups is critical for fully understanding the trends in the relative supply of college workers in the United States.
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2

Goel, Manisha. "Trade and Technological Change: Interplay and Impact on the Labor Market." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338319352.

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3

Chang, I.-Hsin, and 張宜欣. "Skill Wage Premium and Sectoral Labor Shift." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p4cu3k.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
經濟學研究所
105
The simultaneous increase in the high-skilled to low-skilled labor ratio and the skill wage premium is one of the most salient features of economic growth. Meanwhile, the technological improvement in advanced economies accompanies a sectoral shift from low to high skill intensive sector. In this paper, we develop a two-sector structural transformation model in which skill accumulation is endogenously determined. Our model predicts that the ``skill wage premium mechanism" encourages (hinders) the sectoral reallocation of the high- (low-) skilled workers. We also show that policies that aim to encourage skill accumulation may or may not improve welfare.
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4

Nguyen, Kien Trung. "Economic reforms, manufacturing employment and wage in Vietnam." Phd thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/11889.

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The purpose of this thesis is to examine patterns and determinants of manufacturing employment and wages in Vietnam during the process of economic transition from a centrally planned to a market- oriented economy during the period 1990-2011. The thesis begins with an interpretative survey of the theoretical and empirical literature on manufacturing employment and wages in a labour-abundant economy, in order to provide the analytical context for the Vietnam case study. The second chapter surveys the market-oriented economic reforms in Vietnam over the last quarter century, with special emphasis on policies directly relevant for examining labour market outcomes. The next four chapters form the analytical core of the thesis. Chapter 4 examines structural changes in employment patterns in the economy with emphasis on the shift in the patterns of labour deployment from agriculture to manufacturing. Chapter 5 probes the impact of manufacturing export expansion on sectoral employment patterns. Chapter 6 deals with the determinants of inter-industry patterns of manufacturing employment, paying particular attention to the role of export orientation and firm ownership. Chapter 7 focuses on the determinants of manufacturing wages and wage premium. The empirical analysis in these four chapters makes use of a new firm-level panel dataset compiled from unpublished returns to the Annual Enterprise Survey undertaken by the Vietnamese General Statistical Office. The final chapter summarizes the key findings and provides policy implications. The findings suggest that the reforms have resulted in a significant shift in the pattern of labour absorption in the economy from the agriculture to manufacturing over the past three decades. Employment expansion in the manufacturing sector has been underpinned by a significant change in the employment pattern by ownership. Private sector firms, especially foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) have played a pivotal role in labour market transition. In particular, FIEs in export-oriented industries have accounted for the bulk of new jobs in the manufacturing sector. The expansion of manufacturing exports contributed to a notable increase in overall employment growth. Additionally, there has been a considerable spillover effect of export expansion on job creation in other sectors. There is also evidence that FIEs generally pay higher wages compared to both state-owned enterprises and domestic private firms, and the presence of export-oriented FIEs has contributed to widening the wage premium between skilled and unskilled workers. In general, the Vietnamese experience of employment generation through export-oriented strategies is comparable to that of the other East Asian economies. However, growth of manufacturing employment in Vietnam has begun to falter from about 2006, owing to macroeconomic policy slippage. The findings in this thesis make a strong case for sound macroeconomic management in order to sustain the favourable labour market outcome of liberalization reforms.
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5

Espiga, Francisco Daniel Baptista. "Wage inequality : trends and drivers in Portugal." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/31117.

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This thesis examines the evolution of wage inequality and its potential drivers, using harmonized household surveys and longitudinal matched employer-employee data from Portugal. Wage inequality was relatively stable until 2013 and has fallen since then. Changes in the variance of wages across workers with different skills and sector-occupations contributed to the change in wage inequality. In particular, the reduction in the education and experience premiums and the compression of wages across sector-occupations, played a major role over the past years. Nevertheless, a significant part of the change in inequality occurred among workers with similar skills and sector-occupations. Evidence based on additive worker and firm fixed effects models shows that heterogeneity across firms’ pay premiums reduced wage inequality. In contrast, increased heterogeneity across workers contributed to the relative stability of wage inequality during 2004-13. The evidence also suggests that wage dispersion within firms was relatively constant over time, and most of the registered changes were associated with changes in the wage dispersion between firms. Finally, the evolution of wage inequality differed across business cycles. During the crisis period of 2009-13, wage decreases across all wage percentiles led to a relatively stable inequality trajectory. During the non-crisis period, wage improvements among low-wage sectors and occupations and deterioration among high-wage sectors and occupations led to a gradual reduction in wage inequality
Esta tese examina a evolução da desigualdade salarial e potenciais fatores, usando dados harmonizados de inquéritos às famílias e dados longitudinais empresa-trabalhador em Portugal. A desigualdade salarial permaneceu relativamente estável até 2013 e caiu a partir daí. Mudanças na variância dos salários entre trabalhadores com diferentes aptidões que trabalham em diferentes sectores-ocupações contribuíram para a mudança na desigualdade. Em particular, a redução dos prémios de educação e experiência e compressão dos salários entre sectores-ocupações, desempenharam um papel importante nos últimos anos. No entanto, uma parte significativa da mudança na desigualdade ocorreu entre trabalhadores que têm aptidões e que trabalham em sectores-ocupações semelhantes. Os resultados baseados em modelos aditivos de efeitos fixos de trabalhador e empresa mostram que a heterogeneidade entre prémios pagos pelas empresas reduziu a desigualdade salarial. Contudo, o aumento da heterogeneidade entre trabalhadores atuou no sentido contrário, contribuindo para a relativa estabilidade da desigualdade salarial durante o período 2004-2013. Os resultados também sugerem que a dispersão salarial dentro das empresas foi relativamente constante ao longo do tempo e a maioria das mudanças registadas estiveram associadas a mudanças na dispersão salarial entre empresas. Finalmente, a evolução da desigualdade salarial diferiu entre ciclos económicos. No período de recessão/crise de 2009-13, as reduções salariais nos diferentes percentis salariais levaram a uma trajetória de desigualdade relativamente estável. Durante o período de não crise, as melhorias salariais entre os setores e ocupações de baixos salários e a deterioração entre setores e ocupações com altos salários levaram a uma redução gradual da desigualdade salarial
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Mascarenhas, Rui Duarte. "A wave of change: labor market and social security impacts of the EU refugee inflow." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/16501.

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The recent massive inflow of refugees to the European Union (EU) raises a number of unanswered questions on the economic impact of this phenomenon. To examine these questions, we constructed an overlapping-generations model that describes the evolution of the skill premium and of the welfare benefit level in relevant European countries, in the aftermath of an inflow of asylum-seekers. In our simulation, relative wages of skilled workers increase between 8% and 11% in the period of the inflow; their subsequent time path is dependent on the initial skill premium. The entry of migrants creates a fiscal surplus of about 8%, which can finance higher welfare benefits in the subsequent periods. These effects are weaker in a scenario where refugees do not fully integrate into the labor market.
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Книги з теми "Wage skill premium"

1

Sandén, Klas. Essays on the skill premium. Göteborg: Göteborg University, 2006.

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2

Mazumdar, Joy. Can capital-skill complementarity explain the rising skill premium in developing countries?: Evidence from Peru. [Atlanta]: Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, 2004.

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3

Holmes, Craig. The Individual Benefits of Investing in Skills. Edited by John Buchanan, David Finegold, Ken Mayhew, and Chris Warhurst. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199655366.013.17.

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This chapter considers returns to the individual from investing in skill. It describes the earnings and employment outcomes of people who have completed different levels of formal education across different countries, and goes on to consider the possible causal mechanisms at work. The methodology for estimating wage returns is critically discussed. Whilst much attention has been devoted to considering ability bias, other issues have received less attention. In particular qualifications or amounts of time spent studying are imperfect proxies for skills produced. Furthermore estimates from wage regressions are almost invariably interpreted through the lens of human capital theory -- the existence of a wage premium indicates that the productivity has increased due to the educational investment. Alternative interpretations are considered. These include the possibility that the premium represents a reward for obtaining a job on a fixed distribution of jobs -- in other words winning a positional competition race. Such possibilities raise several concerns. These include under-utilisation, both of general skills and of skills acquired through work-based training programmes, low marginal returns relative to average returns, and a widening and more risky distribution of payoffs.
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4

Zapata-Román, Gabriela. The role of skills and tasks in changing employment trends and income inequality in Chile. 48th ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/986-0.

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Using decomposition methods, we analyse the role of the changing nature of work in explaining changes in employment, wage inequality, and job polarization in Chile from 1992 to 2017. Changes in occupational structure confirm a displacement of workers from low-skill occupations towards jobs demanding non-routine higher skills (professionals and technicians), and to jobs demanding routine manual and cognitive tasks (services and sales). Changes in occupational earnings have had an equalizing effect, with more substantial gains in favour of lower-skill occupations and also at the top of the skill premium. Inequality reductions since the 2000s are explained by a fall in earnings in the top percentiles of the distribution, which have been reallocated most noticeably around the median (2000–06) and the bottom 30 per cent (2006–17). Changes in the returns to education and the relocation of workers towards less-routine occupations have contributed to the inequality reduction.
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5

di Gropello, Emanuela, and Chris Sakellariou. Industry And Skill Wage Premiums In East Asia. The World Bank, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-5379.

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6

Ansell, Ben, and Jane Gingrich. Skills in Demand? Higher Education and Social Investment in Europe. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807971.003.0009.

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The chapter analyzes how welfare democracies expanded higher education systems. It argues that the “massification” of higher education across the OECD has had starkly different impacts on occupational structure and returns depending on countries’ institutional environment. The chapter identifies four ideal types in terms of the employment prospects and wage premia associated with higher education: credentialism, mismatch, social investment, and “winner takes all,” which correspond closely to the four types of welfare democracies. Employment and wage data drawn from the European Community Household Panel and Social Inclusion and Living Condition datasets is used to demonstrate these patterns. The chapter also uses individual survey data drawn from the European Social Survey to show the effects of graduate skill mismatch on policy attitudes.
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Частини книг з теми "Wage skill premium"

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Sharma, Harshil. "Skill Development, Skill Premium, and Technological Change." In Gender Issues in Technical and Vocational Education Programs, 200–217. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8443-8.ch010.

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This chapter looks to analyze three aspects skill: premium or wage incentive, existence of skill-biased technical change, and problems with current vocational training programs prevailing in India. All these three aspects will be analyzed with a gender-based approach specifically looking at female outcomes in comparison to male outcomes. This study would also throw some light on why labor force participation rate has been low in the case of females in India. Using NSSO data, it is found that skill premium was falling for women in labor-intensive sectors and rising in capital-intensive sectors, but it had no major effect on skill premium of total workforce due to low female labor force participation rate. Overall skill premium is stagnant for total workforce, and capital skill complementarity is not present in case of Indian economy. Movement of labor in Indian economy has been from one unskilled sector (agriculture) to another unskilled sector (construction). The study also finds that the major reason behind skill development system being supply driven is lack of involvement of the private sector financially.
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2

Caselli, Francesco. "Skilled and Unskilled Labor." In Technology Differences over Space and Time. Princeton University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691146027.003.0002.

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This chapter examines how skilled and unskilled labor vary across countries by taking into account the wage rate for skilled labor and the wage rate for unskilled labor, based on the assumption that labor markets approximate conditions of perfect competition. The equation to be used implies that the relative wage of a skilled worker is decreasing with the relative supply of skills. However, for a given supply of skills the relative wage also depends on the relative efficiency with which skills are used. The chapter first estimates the skill bias, the relative supply of skills, and the skill premium before deriving a calibrated value for the elasticity of substitution. It then presents the key empirical results for the skill bias in technology across countries and goes on to discuss alternative skill thresholds. It also considers the implications of differences in school quality and the implications of capital–skill complementarity.
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"The skill premium and appropriability: Exploring wage dynamics (II)." In Knowledge, Inequality and Growth in the New Economy, 187–222. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781035304936.00012.

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Hahn, Chin Hee, and Yong-Seok Choi. "Trade liberalization and the wage skill premium in Korean manufacturing plants." In The Effects of Globalisation on Firm and Labour Performance, 93–112. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003050902-6.

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5

Sgobbi, Francesca. "The Skills of European ICT Specialists." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition, 4785–96. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.ch415.

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After a brief survey of the international literature on skill-related issues that may either support or threaten the further development of ICT-based applications this article provides a picture of the state-of-the-art of the professional skills supplied by ICT specialists in 11 EU countries based on data from the OECD Survey of Adult Skills. The first part of the empirical analysis focuses on the skills profile of ICT personnel from EU countries and examines to what extent the higher skills displayed by ICT specialists depend on a different distribution of demographic characteristics and job characteristics compared to the rest of the workforce. The second part of the empirical analysis focuses on the relationship between skills and wages and tests whether employers recognize an occupation-specific wage premium to ICT specialists. The results of the proposed empirical analyses confirm the existence of significant differences between skill profiles and earnings determinants of ICT specialists compared to other workers.
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Sgobbi, Francesca. "The Skills of European ICT Specialists." In Advanced Methodologies and Technologies in Artificial Intelligence, Computer Simulation, and Human-Computer Interaction, 937–50. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7368-5.ch069.

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After a brief survey of the international literature on skill-related issues that may either support or threaten the further development of ICT-based applications, this chapter provides a picture of the state-of-the-art of the professional skills supplied by ICT specialists in 11 EU countries based on data from the OECD Survey of Adult Skills. The first part of the empirical analysis focuses on the skills profile of ICT personnel from EU countries and examines to what extent the higher skills displayed by ICT specialists depend on a different distribution of demographic characteristics and job characteristics compared to the rest of the workforce. The second part of the empirical analysis focuses on the relationship between skills and wages and tests whether employers recognize an occupation-specific wage premium to ICT specialists. The results of the proposed empirical analyses confirm the existence of significant differences between skill profiles and earnings determinants of ICT specialists compared to other workers.
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Saglam, Bahar Bayraktar, and Selin Sayek. "Skill and Foreign Firm Premium." In Industrial Dynamics, Innovation Policy, and Economic Growth through Technological Advancements, 185–215. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1978-4.ch010.

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In this chapter, the authors construct a model that allows for joint discussion of foreign firm and skill premium in wages, and their evolution upon increased foreign firm activities. They allow for (1) dynamic interaction between the domestic and foreign firms in the labor market, via a two-sided search model, (2) technology differentials between domestic and foreign firms, and (3) varying cost of doing business between domestic and foreign firms. Analytical and numerical results point to the importance of modeling all three features. Both the level and the changes in the relative wages depend on the productivity differential (technology gap) and the job creation costs.
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"Recent Flattening in the Higher Education Wage Premium." In Education, Skills, and Technical Change, 313–54. University of Chicago Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226567945.003.0009.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Wage skill premium"

1

Liu, Lan. "Skill Premium and Wage Differences: The Case of China." In 2009 Second International Symposium on Knowledge Acquisition and Modeling. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/kam.2009.239.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Wage skill premium"

1

Valletta, Robert. Recent Flattening in the Higher Education Wage Premium: Polarization, Skill Downgrading, or Both? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22935.

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2

Fernández, Manuel, and Julián Messina. Skill Premium, Labor Supply and Changes in the Structure of Wages in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000654.

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3

Busso, Matías, and Sebastián Montaño. Signaling Specific Skills and the Labor Market of College Graduates. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004454.

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Анотація:
We study how signaling skills specic to the major aects labor market outcomes of college graduates. We rely on census-like data and a regression discontinuity design to study the impacts of a well-known award given to top performers on a mandatory nationwide exam, which constitutes a graduation requirement for college seniors in Colombia. Students who can rely on the signal when searching for a job have a wage premium of 7 to 12 percent compared to otherwise identical students. This positive return persists even ve years after graduation. The signal mostly benets workers who graduate from low-reputation colleges, and allows workers to nd jobs in more productive rms and in sectors that better use their skills. We rule out that the positive wage returns are explained by human capital. The signal favors mostly less advantaged groups, implying that less information frictions about students' skills could potentially reduce earnings gaps. Our results imply that information policies like those that formally certify specic skills can potentially improve the eciency in talent allocation of the economy and level the playing eld for workers who come from disadvantaged backgrounds.
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