Дисертації з теми "Voie de signalisation du stress"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Voie de signalisation du stress".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Dubacq, Caroline. "Laprotéine kinase Snf1 et le facteur de transcription Mig3 sont impliqués dans une nouvelle voie de réponse aux stress génotoxiques chez la levure Saccharomyces cervisiae." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112187.
Повний текст джерелаGenotoxic stresses induce DNA damage or DNA replication block that can impair the transmission of genetic information. In the budding yeast S. Cerevisiae, the signal transduction pathway allowing cell cycle arrest and DNA repair is under the control of the essential Mec1 and Rad53 kinases, homologues of the ATR and Chk2 mammalian kinases. We show here a genetic interaction between a toxic RAD53-GFP allele and the MIG3 gene, encoding a transcriptional repressor of the MIG family. The Snf1 kinase, homologous to the mammalian AMPK, is activated during glucose starvation and is partly responsible for derepression of glucose repressed genes through phosphorylation of the Mig1 repressor. We demonstrate that the basal activity of Snf1 is required for an optimal tolerance to hydroxyurea, an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductases (RNR) and thus DNA replication, to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), a DNA alkylating agent, or to cadmium, a genotoxic metal. Snf1 is not required for cell cycle arrest or RNR2-4 transcriptional activation mediated by the Mec1 pathway. The Snf1 kinase may participate in DNA repair or in replication resumption. The Mig3 repressor is among the Snf1 targets in response to genotoxic stress or during glucose privation and dissimilar post-traductional modifications of Mig3 correlate with Snf1 kinase activity levels in both conditions. We determined through DNA microarray analysis that the Yap1 and Aft1 transcription factors seem to be activated during hydroxyurea exposure, probably enhancing redox and iron homeostasis that are two conditions required for RNR function. We suggest that Snf1 could be required to restore RNR function during hydroxyurea, MMS or cadmium induced genotoxic stress. Some evidence also suggests that Snf1 kinase activity is implicated in chromatin structure remodelling or in the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in vacuolar functions, in protein targeted degradation, or in membrane lipid synthesis during genotoxic stress
Deny, Ludovic. "Nouveaux inducteurs covalents de la voie de signalisation Keap1/Nrf2/ARE." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9858.
Повний текст джерелаGouaze, Valérie. "Rôle de la glutathion peroxydase-1 dans la signalisation cytotoxique : relations stress oxydant-voie du céramide." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30124.
Повний текст джерелаBedel, Aurélie. "Signalisation mitogène des agents pro-athérogènes, implication de la voie béta-caténine." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU30149.
Повний текст джерелаCardiovascular diseases are an important healthcare problem. Atherosclerosis is the main etiology. During atherogenesis, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, and fibrous cape build-up are essential. In this study, we show for the first time E-cadherin/beta-catenin/Tcf4 pathway implication in human VSMC proliferation elicited by oxidized LDL. We highlight several mechanisms for ß-catenin activation by oxidized LDL: E-cadherin shedding, and dissociation of beta-catenin/E-cadherin complex and decrease of its proteasomal degradation. Metalloproteinases, sphingolipids pathway and tyrosine kinases, known to be activated by oxidized LDL, are implicated in this activation. These results on cell cultures are strengthening by immunohistochemistry staining with anti-active ß-catenin antibody on human carotid endarterectomies. These results establish an important role for ß-catenin activation in atherogenesis. In addition, we focus on mitogenic property of uPA, implicated in atherogenesis. We report that neutral sphingomyelinase-2 activation by uPA is mediated in a multi-protein complex with uPAR, MT1-MMP, MMP-2 and avß3 integrin. This complex formation seems to be necessary for ERK1/2 activation and cell proliferation induced by uPA. These data help us to better understand some aspects of atherosclerosis physiopathology
Desquiret, Valérie. "Mitochondrie et stress énergetique : voies de signalisation et adaptations cellulaires." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00433520.
Повний текст джерелаWang, Lili. "Etude de la régulation de la voie de signalisation AMPc-PKA chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae : effet des stress sur le facteur d'échange Cdc25p." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112370.
Повний текст джерелаCdc25p, an exchange factor for Ras, is one of the upstream elements of the cAMP-PKA pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We showed that this protein interacted with the chaperones Hsp70 and Hsp90 in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the results suggested that the protein Cdc25p and the cAMP-PKA pathway were under the control of these chaperones. The transcriptional factors, Msn2p et Msn4p, are activated by diverses stress. Using parameters, such as nuclear localization and the state of phosphorylation of Msn2p, we demonstrated that the cAMP-PKA pathway was involved in the signalization of osmotic stress. Under this condition, the cAMP-PKA pathway played a redundant role with the HOG pathway on the control of the response of Msn2p. Furthermore, these two pathways had different contributions on the resistance to osmotic stress. In response to heat shock, the quantity of Cdc25p decreased, whilst on the contrary, its transcription, localization and state of phosphorylation did not show any significant modification. Such a decrease in quantity of Cdc25p was also observed under oxidative and high ethanol concentration stress. In the wildtype strain, the intracellular level of cAMP was quite low under normal conditions and increased a little in response to stress. In contrast, in the tpk^w strain, the level was much higher in the cells without stress and exhibited a decrease in response to stress. In conclusion, the cAMP-PKA pathway is involved in the signalization of stress. A decrease in the level of Cdc25p, provoked by dissociation with the chaperones Hsp70 and Hsp90, might be important for this involvement
Genot, Baptiste. "Functional characterization of the stress-activated Arabidopsis MAP Kinase MPK3 using gain-of-function mutations." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLE010.
Повний текст джерелаPlants can detect pathogens in their environment and adapt to survive it. The Stress Signalling group in IPS2 aims to decipher cellular mechanisms occurring after pathogens detection and to propose strategies to develop stress-resistant crops. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) modules define key actors of signal transduction. MAPKs are indeed quickly activated in response to various stresses including pathogens-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Genetic approaches using loss-of-function mutants showed that MAPK modules regulate many aspects of plant adaptation to their environment.In our laboratory, we previously identified mutations which render MAPKs constitutively active (CA) in the plant model Arabidopsis thaliana.The main objective of my thesis was to clarify the specific roles of MAPKs activated by the PAMP flg22 using this new tool. For this, I created plants expressing CA MAPKs and characterized them in normal growth conditions or after pathogen infections. I mainly focused my project on the MAPK MPK3. I showed that plants expressing a CA version of MPK3 had an auto-immune phenotype characterized by a severe dwarfism, spontaneous cell death and accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Transcriptomic, metabolomic and genetic studies were performed to understand which pathways are regulated by this MAPK. This work demonstrates that MPK3 is a positive regulator of plant immunity, whose function depends on EDS1 (Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1), a key regulator of pathogens responses, and partially depends on the phytohormone salicylic acid. I also created and characterized plants expressing constitutively active MPK6 and MPK11. In conclusion, CA mutations allowed us to reveal new specific roles for several stress-activated MAPKs. My preliminary results also suggest that plants expressing CA MAPK may have a better resistance to pathogens
Absalon, Cédric. "Identification des cibles du couple Prkc/Prpc et analyse du rôle de la GTPase associée CPGA chez Bacillus subtilis." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112171.
Повний текст джерелаMy studies have concerned a signalling system of unknown function composed of a eukaryote-like sensor kinase, a phosphatase and a GTPase, encoded by a gene cluster, conserved in many Gram positive bacteria. We hypothesised that PrkC PrpC and CpgA constitute a single signalling pathway concerned cell wall biogenesis – the external PASTA domain of PrkC binds penicillin or peptidoglycan (PG). This was supported by my demonstration that CpgA is implicated in the biogenesis of PG. Thus, cells depleted for CpgA displayed bizarre shapes, non-uniform deposition of the cell wall and accumulation of late PG precursors. A major part of my work also involved identification of targets of PrkC and PrpC. First, the co-ordinated function of the 3 proteins was supported by demonstrating that CpgA is a substrate for PrkC and PrpC in vitro. The crystal structure of CpgA previously indicated a role as a translation factor. Thus we proposed that CpgA controls the synthesis of proteins, including morphogenic factors, or factors coupling the expansion of the PG layer with protein synthesis. This hypothesis is supported by my demonstration that EF-Tu is also a target for PrkC and PrpC. The third target of PrkC/PrpC identified was YezB, a protein of unknown function. YezB is apparently a component of the stressosome that is known to transduce signals, emanating from environmental stress or energy limitation, to activate the sigma B dependent general stress regulon. YezB could conceivably function as a transducer of inappropriate expansion of or damage to the peptidoglycan, via phosphorylation by PrkC
Chaouki, Ghita. "Etude du rôle de la voie de signalisation eIF2αATF4 au cours des états inflammatoires, dans le cadre du stress mitochondrial et de l’anorexie associée à la pathologie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UCFAC109.
Повний текст джерелаThe eIF2α-ATF4 signaling pathway is activated in cells in response to a wide range of cellular stresses. Its activation leads to the inhibition of the global protein synthesis and the regulation of the transcription factor ATF4 target genes expression. This pathway is activated in response to essential amino acid deficiency, mitochondrial stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress or viral infections. Its activation triggers adaptive mechanisms, both at the cellular level (such as inhibition of protein synthesis and increased autophagy) and at the whole organism level (such as regulation of metabolism, inflammation, immunity and food intake). Previous results generated by our laboratory as well as data from the scientific literature led us to investigate the role of eIF2α-ATF4 signaling in two different contexts. Firstly, we explored the role of eIF2α-ATF4 signaling in anorexia associated with catabolic inflammatory pathologies (sepsis and cancer). We hypothesized that this signaling pathway could contribute to the inhibition of food intake by its direct action at the central level and/or by stimulating the expression of anorectic cytokines, including GDF15, in the periphery (liver, intestine). We used two experimental models reproducing pathology-associated anorexia in mice: a sepsis model of acute and systemic inflammation (single administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide) and a model of mice carrying a C26 colon carcinoma cell tumor. Both models were characterized in the early phase of anorexia by inflammation at the peripheral and central (hypothalamus) levels, increased circulating levels of IL-6 and GDF15, profound alterations in amino acid metabolism, and activation of the eIF2αATF4 signaling pathway in the hypothalamus and liver. Afterwards, the response of inducible models of ATF4 loss-of-function was tested in the sepsis model. ATF4 knock-out in the liver and intestine had no impact on either anorexia or the induction of GDF15 production. Constitutive invalidation of GDF15 also had no effect on the inhibition of food intake induced by LPS administration. The role of ATF4 function at the central level could not be tested and should be the subject of future experiments. The analysis of samples from mice knocked-out for ATF4 at the hepatic level, will allow us to evaluate ATF4 involvement in the reorientation of AA metabolism (transport, biosynthesis, autophagy). In the C26 cancer model, the transition from pre-anorexia to early anorexia was associated with an activation of the eIF2α-ATF4 signaling pathway at the hepatic and hypothalamic levels, and a pharmacological approach using ISRIB (ISR Inhibitor) will soon be implemented to study the involvement of the ISR in the regulation of appetite and AA metabolism (in this model, genes knock-out is not possible) Secondly, we focused on mitochondrial dysfunction, which represents a major threat to cellular homeostasis, promotes the development of many metabolic disorders and plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Given the role played by the eIF2α-ATF4 signaling pathway in the adaptive response to mitochondrial stress, we investigated whether a pretreatment activating this pathway could be a way to increase the resilience of the mitochondrial pool during subsequent stressful events. We demonstrated in mice that a pretreatment activating the GCN2-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway upstream of inflammatory stress (LPS administration) counteracted some of the effects of this stress on mitochondrial homeostasis in the liver, an organ playing a major role in the metabolic and immune response to endotoxic stress. These results are presented as an article that will be submitted soon for publication
Delcroix, Vanessa. "Rôle de Klotho dans la chimiosensibilisation des liposarcomes dédifférenciés : étude des voies de signalisation impliquées." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0837/document.
Повний текст джерелаKlotho (KL) is both an anti-ageing and anti-cancer protein. Analysis of clinical data highlights that high expression of KL is associated with a better overall survival of liposarcoma patients. Moreover, its expression in downregulated in dedifferentiated liposarcomas (DDLPS), a rare type of tumor associated with a poor prognosis due to high chemoresistance. Our results show that KL sensitizes DDLPS cells to chemotherapeutic agents (gemcitabine, navitoclax). So, abundance of KL in tumoral tissues could serve as a biomarker for predicting gemcitabine efficacy and so, could help for establishing personalized therapy. Moreover, drugs increasing KL expression could be tested in combination with chemotherapy. Based on KL mechanism of action, we also highlight that the combination between gemcitabine and navitoclax is very effective for killing DDLPS cells
Derbré, Frédéric. "Etude des voies de signalisation impliquées dans la sarcopénie : rôle du stress oxydant et de l'inactivité physique." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00652764.
Повний текст джерелаKilani, Jaafar. "Décryptage des cascades de signalisation liées au stress par phosphoprotéomique et génétique fonctionnelle chez Botrytis cinerea." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS050/document.
Повний текст джерелаPerception and adaptation to the environment are essential processes for the survival of living organisms. The phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea can thus perceive different types of signals, whether they are chemical or physical. The signalling pathway of the Sak1 MAPK is involved in the adaptation to osmotic, oxidative and cell wall stress, but also in sporulation and pathogenicity by regulating plant penetration and necrosis development. In order to deepen existing knowledge of the Sak1 pathway, we have carried out global studies based on proteomics and phosphoproteomics techniques. A comparative proteomics analysis between the wild type and the signalling mutants ∆bos1 and ∆sak1 showed, among others, that Sak1 regulates the abundance of proteins involved in the G-protein pathway and calcium pathway. This connection with G-proteins was confirmed by a decrease in cAMP concentration in the ∆sak1 mutant. Using fludioxonil as signal for the activation of Sak1 for a phosphoproteomic analysis revealed changes in the state of protein phosphorylation. Among these differentially phosphorylated proteins, the presence of PKAR (regulatory subunit of protein kinase A) and the transcription factor CRZ1, indicates an action on the G-protein and calcium pathway respectively, validating the results obtained by proteomics. Phosphoproteomics revealed a phosducin-like protein, PhnA. Its functional characterization reveals its role in stress adaptation, sporulation and germination, as well as in pathogenicity, thus demonstrating a new pathogenicity factor in B. cinerea. Our study revealed interactions between Sak1 and other unsuspected signalling pathways, affecting both the production of certain components (transcriptional and translational regulations) and phosphorylation (post-translational modifications). Our results will create the basis for new research questions to complement our understanding of these interactions involving adaptation to stress and pathogenesis of B. cinerea
Perego, Jessica. "Modulation pharmacologique des voies de signalisation des TLRs par le Guanabenz, un inhibiteur de la réponse au stress." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4066.
Повний текст джерелаSustained immune reaction is strictly interconnected to pathogenic situations. For this reason, the activation of immune cells is controlled by multiple pathways. A cross-talk between microbial sensing and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) homeostasis has been discovered. Abnormal accumulation of proteins in the ER is a sign of cellular malfunction and triggers emergency rescue pathways, collectively known as the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). UPR induction triggers or amplifies inflammatory signals by dendritic cells (DCs). GADD34/PP1 is a holophosphatase complex that dephosphorylates eIF2α and participates in the UPR feedback loop, by restoring protein translation. It has been shown that GADD34 plays an important role in controlling the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially type I interferon. In dendritic cells (DCs), pathogens are sensed by Pathogen Recognition Receptors (PRRs); the better characterised class of PRRs being the Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs). Thus, the aim of my thesis is to investigate how TLRs and ER-signalling pathways intersect and how this can be used to control pathogenic states, with particular attention for the GADD34/PP1 complex. Using both human and mouse DCs, we show that guanabenz (GBZ), an inhibitor of the GADD34/PP1 complex, blocks endosomal TLRs activation. The same inhibitor rescues mice viability in a TLR-dependent septic shock model and controls the circulating autoantibodies in a lupus model. Our studies show that TLR9 is particularly sensitive to GBZ. We show also that GBZ has a previously unidentified effect on CH25H, an enzyme that hydroxylates the cholesterol in 25-hydroxycholesterol, recently linked to TLRs signaling
Combes, Adrien. "Influence des perturbations métaboliques sur des voies de signalisation impliquées dans la biogenèse mitochondriale." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S045/document.
Повний текст джерелаWestern life evolution is associated with an increase in sedentary behaviours and metabolic diseases leading to health alteration. This evolution affects the skeletal muscle, which is characterized by a decrease in its ability to produce aerobic energy. However, skeletal muscle is a highly malleable tissue, capable of considerable metabolic adaptations in response to physical activity. Mitochondria produce the aerobic energy within the skeletal muscle. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and its function is necessary to improve physical activity prescription.The intermittent exercise is currently used in rehabilitation programs. Several arguments are put forward to utilizing this method: 1) the time spent at high oxygen consumption, 2) the high intensity of exercise and 3) the metabolic disturbances induced by variations of intensity during exercise. However, the influence of metabolic disturbances on muscle oxidative capacity has not been clearly demonstrated. The purpose of my thesis work has therefore focused on these metabolic perturbations and their effects on signalling pathways involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. In order to characterize the influence of metabolic disturbances on the signalling pathways involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, we compared the influence of acute exercises. We realized two protocols to investigate the influence of metabolic disturbances. The first study compared three intermittent exercises in order to identify the optimal duty-cycle duration to induce the biggest metabolic disturbances and to compare metabolic responses of intermittent and continuous exercise performed at 70%WRpic. The second protocol evaluated the influence of the repetition of metabolic disturbances on signalling pathways involved in mitochondrial biogenesis.In order to identify the duty-cycle duration producing more metabolic fluctuations, we analysed the changes of oxygen consumption and quantified metabolic variations. We used three parameters: 1) a quantitative parameter, 2) a qualitative parameter, and 3) an index combining quantitative and qualitative parameters. Comparison of three different duty-cycle durations (30s work:30s passive recovery; 60s:60s, and 120s:120s) revealed that the 60s:60s modality induces more metabolic fluctuations for a same energy expenditure.Our second study compared 30 minutes of pedalling at 70%WRpic realized by two different modalities: continuous (30min 1 block) and intermittent (30 1min block interspersed by 1min of passive recovery). Repetition of transitions from rest to exercise during the intermittent exercise creates higher metabolic disturbances and leads to a higher phosphorylation of AMPK, p38 MAPK and CaMKII. These kinases are upstream of PGC-1α, an important regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. All together, these results demonstrate that metabolic disturbances are involved in mitochondrial signalling pathways activation.This work opens up new perspectives on exercise training prescription for sedentary or chronic pathology people. Future work will aim to confirm our results in chronic interventions and explore these effects in different populations
Launay, Nathalie. "Voies de signalisation et rôle de l'αB-cristalline suite à la désorganisation du cytosquelette". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066375.
Повний текст джерелаThe first aim of this research was to identify the pathways involved in the signal transduction induced by specific cytoskeletal stresses in the muscular system. Cytoskeletal network disruption trigger the specific B-crystallin phosphorylation which may protect or stabilize the actin microfilaments and interfere with formation of IF aggregates during stresses exerted at the cytoskeleton. The second aim of this project was to study the role of phosphorylation in the regulation of the αB-crystallin anti-apoptotic function in chemotherapy resistance phenomenon in breast epithelial adenocarcinoma cells. We demonstrate that Ser59 phosphorylation of B-crystallin plays a crucial role in vinblastine-induced apoptosis in MCF7 cells, by down-regulating the anti-apoptotic function of B-crystallin. These results introduce the possibility of regulating the protective status of sHsp in cancer through modifying their state of phosphorylation
Delormel, Tiffany. "Étude du rôle de CPK5 et CPK6 dans les voies de signalisation de stress via l’identification de leurs substrats chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS536.
Повний текст джерелаPlants are subjected to several environmental stimuli and must adapt to survive. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in plant tolerance is necessary to find solution to the salt stress that is responsible for important yield loss. At the cellular level, the perception of biotic and abiotic stress leads to the accumulation of secondary messengers that activate protein kinases involved in different signaling pathways as calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs). Once they are activated, CDPKs can phosphorylate substrates which are able to induce appropriate responses to the stimuli.CPK5 and CPK6 are positive regulators of salt stress and biotic stress, notably through the induction of response genes. To better understand their roles in plant stress response, a phosphoproteomic approach was conducted and could identify 25 new putative substrates for CPK5. Six of the studied candidates were validated in vitro for phosphorylation by CPK5 and CPK6. Among them, two ubiquitin E3 ligases are not phosphorylated anymore by CPK5 and CPK6 when mutated on a conserved phosphosite. Unfortunately, the knock-out mutants of the substrates in salt condition did not show any phenotype. However some of them are known to play a role in response to pathogen and could act downstream of CPK5 and CPK6
Dimnet, Laura. "Etude de la topoisomérase VI et de l'interacteur TFIIFalpha dans les voies de signalisation rétrograde de l'oxygène singulet et antérograde impliquant les protéines PPR chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0409.
Повний текст джерелаUnder biotic and abiotic stress, plants overproduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plastids and mitochondria. ROS can cause damages sometimes definitive for cells or trigger retrograde signalling pathways to the nucleus that provide stress tolerance. Concurrently, the nuclear genome controls the development and the activity of organelles through anterograde signalling. In this context, the nuclear complex Topoisomerase VI (Topo VI) is studied in Arabidopsis thaliana. Topo VI is a regulator of stress responsive genes in the retrograde signalling triggered by the singlet oxygen ROS; nevertheless, the mechanisms controlling this regulation are still unknown. To determine them, Topo VI interactors were found out, including the alpha subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIF (TFIIFα). TFIIFα gene expression and the encoded protein isoforms were first characterized and then, transcriptomic analysis in standard growth conditions and under photo-oxidative stress showed that Topo VI and TFIIFα co-regulate most of stress responsive genes. Moreover, these interactors have an opposite role in the expression of "PentatricoPeptide Repeat" (PPR) genes. PPR proteins are targeted to plastids or mitochondria in which they contribute to post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms; in tfIIfα mutants, PPR genes involved in organellar RNA editing are down-regulated, and the editing of associated target sites was sometimes impaired. Possible consequences of this impairment were discussed through the analysis of plastidial functions
Guéritat, Jordan. "Exercice physique et progression du cancer de la prostate : effets combinés avec la prise d’antioxydants naturels ou la radiothérapie externe : identification de voies de signalisation redox-dépendantes." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20012/document.
Повний текст джерелаProstate cancer is a major public health problem. It has now been widely recognized that regular physical exercise improves the quality of life of cancer patients. Thirty minutes of physical activity a day is recommended during and after treatment. However, potential interactions of physical exercise, dietary antioxidant intake and radiotherapy have not yet been studied. The lack of knowledge on molecular mechanisms associated with these strategies known to modulate oxidative stress, a key factor in prostate cancer evolution, raises a question: does physical exercise influence the efficiency of patient management and tumor evolution? The objectives of this work was to determine the effects of physical exercise, combined or not with others strategies, on prostate cancer progression and to identify redox sensitive-molecular mechanisms involved in these effects. We used different in vitro and in vivo approaches to achieve these aims. Our researches underline the essential role of physical exercise in prevention of prostate tumor progression, through a redox state and signaling pathways regulation, but also through a modulation of cholesterol levels or miRNA expression profiles. We also demonstrate that physical exercise associated to dietary antioxidant consumption limits anti-proliferative effects of these isolated treatments. Inversely, we reported that regular physical exercise enhances radiotherapy efficiency
Sall, Salimata Ousmane. "Rôle des voies de signalisation des dommages à l'ADN dans le contrôle de l'architecture du génome et du méthylome en réponse aux stress génotoxiques chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023STRAJ134.
Повний текст джерелаPlants, sessile organisms, are constantly exposed to various environmental factors and therefore need to develop sophisticated molecular mechanisms to ensure their survival and adaptation. Genotoxic stresses can lead to chromosomal rearrangements and changes in the epigenome, impacting transcriptional and developmental programs. It is thus important to study the relationship between genome and epigenome dynamics in response to genotoxic stress. In this thesis project, Arabidopsis thaliana was used as a model plant to study genome structure and methylome profile under ionizing (proton) and non-ionizing (UVB and UVC) genotoxic stress conditions. The role of two protein kinases (Ataxia telangiectasia mutated or ATM and Ataxia telangiectasia mutated RAD3-related or ATR), involved in DDR (DNA damage Repair), have been studied in genome integrity and methylome maintenance. Using an ONT (Oxford Nanopore Technology) sequencing approach, we revealed that genotoxic stress leads to structural variations (SV) consisting mainly in deletions and insertions, located in heterochromatin regions rich in transposable elements (TE) and intergenic regions (RI). We demonstrated that ATM and ATR protect the genome against SV at the vegetative stage and in response to genotoxic stress. In fact, TEs and genes are the main genetic entities targeted by ATM for their protection against SV, under stress conditions. We have determined that c-NHEJ (classical Non-Homologous End-Joining) is the predominant pathway for DSB repair compared to MMEJ (Microhomology-mediated end joining) and that ATM/ATR prevent the use of long MH (Microhomology) sequences leading to long deletions during MMEJ repair. DNA methylation profiles were determined by Bisulfite sequencing and/or ONT. We were able to identify changes in DNA methylation levels mainly at the TE level, in the CHH context in response to genotoxic stresses. We also demonstrated the involvement of ATR and especially ATM in the maintenance of methylome integrity at the gene and TE levels in the CG and CHH contexts respectively
Pillon, Nicolas. "Rôle des hydroxy-alkénals, dérivés de peroxydation lipidique, dans la physiopathologie de l'insulino-résistance : effets du 4-hydroxy-2-hexénal et du 4-hydroxy-2-nonénal sur les voies de signalisation et la fonction biologique de l'insuline." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0065/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаOxidative stress appears to be involved in the development of peripheral insulin resistance leading to type 2 diabetes. Biological membranes, because of their high polyunsaturated fatty acids, are prime targets for oxidant species. Peroxidation of biological membranes is responsible for the production of many reactive species including aldehydes 4- hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), respectively derived from the peroxidation of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. This study demonstrates that plasma concentration of HHE is increased in humans and rats during diabetes, and that intravenous injection of HHE lead to the development of insulin resistance in rats. In muscle cells (L6C5) and adipocytes (3T3-Ll), HHE and HNE cause massive carbonylation of cellular proteins and induce insulin resistance by disrupting glucose transport and the signaling pathways of insulin. These disorders can be reversed by an increase of reduced glutathione or by antioxidant treatment. HHE and HNE can also form covalent adducts on insulin, thereby reducing its hypoglycemic effect in vivo and stimulation of glucose transport in vitro. HHE and HNE are involved in the development of insulin resistance by disrupting both the intracellular signaling pathways and biological function of insulin. They are therefore potential drug targets for the prevention of type 2 diabetes
Fouchs, Audrey. "Stress osmotique et activation des MAP Kinases ERK1/2 chez les hépatocytes de turbot, Scophthalmus maximus : implication des voies de signalisation intracellulaire du processus de RVD." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2045.
Повний текст джерелаAmongst intracellular signalling pathways, the MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases) ERK1/2 (Extracellular-signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2) play a central role: they are activated by a wide range of environmental factors and can be involved in many cellular functions. In turbot hepatocytes, a hypo-osmotic shock, but not a hyper-osmotic shock, induces a rapid increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation, maintained for at least 50 minutes. Despite being rapidly activated by a decrease in extracellular osmolality, the ERK1/2 do not seem to play a role in the RVD process established to counteract the volume changes induced by the aniso-osmotic conditions. However, there is a strong link between these two mechanisms, the signaling pathways involved in RVD being able to modulate the ERK1/2 signal. Indeed, in turbot hepatocytes, the ERK1/2 activation occurs in two stages: a transient activation (from O to 5 minutes after the hypo-osmotic shock) and a sustained activation (10 minutes after the shock). This sustained activation is dependent on ATP, calcium, cytoskeleton, stretch activated channels and protein kinases such as PKC, PI3K or PTK, all of the aforementioned being major signaling pathways of the RVD process
Ghars, Mohamed Ali. "Étude de la variabilité physiologique de la réponse au sel et caractérisation de voies de signalisation impliquées dans la régulation du métabolisme de la proline en réponse à des contraintes hydriques chez Thellungiella halophila et Arabidopsis thaliana." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066157.
Повний текст джерелаFortier, Anne-Marie. "Relation entre les kératines et les voies de signalisation pro-apoptotique de fas et anti-apoptotique de akt dans la réponse des cellules hepg2 au stress induit par la griséofulvine /." Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2007. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/30023637R.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаFortier, Anne-Marie. "Relation entre les kératines et les voies de signalisation pro-apoptotique de fas et anti-apoptotique de akt dans la réponse des cellules hepg2 au stress induit par la griséofulvine." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2007. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1912/1/030023637.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDA, SILVA CORREIA JEAN. "Les voies de signalisation intracellulaires mediees par les proteines kinases activees par les facteurs de stress, p38 et jnk : caracterisation, biologie et role dans la regulation de la transcription (doctorat : pharmacologie et pharmacochimie)." Strasbourg 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR15081.
Повний текст джерелаChaput, Carole. "Therapeutic functionalization of a rare neurodevelopmental and monogenic disease model based on the contribution of the HSF2 stress pathway." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UNIP5190.
Повний текст джерелаNeurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) affect around 10% of children and are a major source of lifelong disability. Characterised by defective brain development and great variability in the clinical picture of patients, which compromises diagnosis and the emergence of therapeutic solutions, they represent a significant human, societal and economic cost. The aim of this project is to gain a better understanding of a common feature of NDDs - the deregulation of stress response pathways - which could provide a readout to understanding these pathologies. The integration of processes triggered by stress is governed by heat shock transcription factors (HSFs), which are strongly deregulated in several NDDs. This has two consequences: an altered stress response in neural cells leading to defects in brain development. We have helped to show that these HSFs are essential for proper brain development. More specifically, the team demonstrated that HSF2 plays a key role in regulating the proliferation of progenitor cells and neuronal migration in the cortex by modulating the expression of genes involved in cell adhesion. Pharmacological modulation of this pathway could therefore offer new therapeutic possibilities. In a first study, the mechanisms underlying HSF deregulation were investigated in cells from patients with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS), a rare genetic NDD caused by mutations in the CREBBP or EP300 genes. Our study showed a decrease in HSF2 protein levels in fibroblasts and in neural models (2D and 3D) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from RSTS patients. This decrease in HSF2 protein levels resulted from a defect in acetylation by CBP or EP300, leading to ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. As a result, RSTS cells showed an altered stress response and reduced expression of genes essential for neural development, in particular N-cadherin. Restoration of HSF2 levels, either by proteasome inhibition or by acetylation-mimicking mutations, restored both the stress response and the expression of neurodevelopmental genes. We found that disruption of the CBP/EP300-HSF2-N-cadherin pathway is recapitulated in RSTS neural models, which display proliferation abnormalities linked to altered cell-cell adhesion, particularly in the N-cadherin pathway. On the basis of these results and in collaboration with Ksilink, my CIFRE thesis project aims to develop a cellular model of NDD based on RSTS patients. This model will enable us to explore how perturbations in the HSF pathway could contribute to various NDDs. To achieve this objective, I first generated an HSF2 mutant that mimics the acetylated form of the protein in iPSCs derived from RSTS patient fibroblasts. Using this isogenic model as a reference, I developed and validated a two-dimensional neural culture model and identified new HSF2-dependent targets and phenotypes using a multiparametric approach ranging from high-throughput transcriptomics to cell morphological analyses. This approach made it possible to identify the pro-neuronal factor, ASCL1, and a morphological phenotype, rosette formation, as key readouts for analysis by high-content imaging. On the basis of these two phenotypes, I used the neural model to screen a selection of molecules with therapeutic potential using high-content imaging. This work will pave the way for new therapeutic approaches aimed at modulating stress response pathways, thereby opening up new possibilities for the treatment of NDD
Serra, Anne-Antonella. "Réponses écophysiologiques et moléculaires des plantes aux stress xénobiotiques complexes de faible intensité : implications dans les capacités de protection environnementale des bandes enherbées." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S005/document.
Повний текст джерелаEnvironmental pollutions by xenobiotics, especially by pesticides and heavy metals derived from agricultural activities, show an important complexity of chemical composition and of spatiotemporal dynamic. Vegetative filter strips between cultivated fields and streams limit the diffusion of these residual pollutions to natural environments. However, the exact biological role of plant in these buffer strips is poorly understood in this context of environmental and ecological protection. A comparative study carried out in situ and in controlled conditions highlighted the role of plant compartment in the processes of absorption, storage and/or partial degradation of pollutants in planta. Such capability of phytoremediation depends on the maintenance of a vegetal cover in area subjected to recurring flow of pesticides, it varies according to species and leads to the structuration of vegetative filter strip communities. An integrative study in controlled conditions of plant responses to low doses of pollutants allowed to analyze at different levels of complexity the impacts of chemical stresses on the model species Arabidopsis thaliana and the grassland species Lolium perenne. Low and sublethal doses of xenobiotics, associated degradation products and heavy metals induced cryptic perturbations at metabolic and molecular levels. Multi-pollution analyses, which reflect realistic conditions of environmental exposure, highlighted complex interactive effects between pollutants in mixture and the difficulty to predict them. The mechanisms of response to these chemical stresses differ according to the species and the pollutant, and suggest differences in term of perception and/or transport of pollutants, or of coordination of molecular and metabolic responses. Arabidopsis presented a coordination of its responses toward an increase of stress metabolites, a decrease of carbon metabolites (soluble carbohydrates), in parallel with modifications of gene expressions implicated on antioxidant defences, defence against xenobiotic stresses, or phytohormone dynamic. Chemical stress leads to major modifications of nitrogen metabolism in Lolium, and perturbations of processes of photorespiration. De novo transcriptomic analysis of Lolium therefore showed that a majority of identified genes are related to signal transduction pathways, highlighting the complexity of response mechanisms and the links between metabolic signals, especially linked to carbohydrate, hormonal signaling pathways, stress signals and photosynthesis. Subtoxic chemical stress induced cryptic re-engineering of plant processes that may explain the development of tolerance for some species and their persistence in area affected by residual pollution
Moretti, Julien. "Déubiquitinations dans la voie de signalisation Notch." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00726110.
Повний текст джерелаMoretti, Julien. "Deubiquitinations dans la voie de signalisation Notch." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066365.
Повний текст джерелаFouillade, Charles. "Voie de signalisation Notch3 dans les artères cérébrales." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T043.
Повний текст джерелаNotch3 encodes a transmembrane receptor primarily expressed in arterial smooth muscle cells. Human and mouse genetics studies demonstrated that Notch3 is a key player in physiology and diseases of small vessels. Studies in mice revealed that Notch3 is required to generate functional arteries in regulating arterial differentiation, maturation of vascular smooth muscle cells and myogenic tone. Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the most frequent hereditary small vessels disease in human adults caused by NOTCH3 mutations. Pathogenic mutations lead to an odd number of cysteine residues within the NOTCH3 extracellular domain. Data from the laboratory suggest a model that invokes novel pathogenic roles from the mutant NOTCH3 protein. The main goals of this work are: 1°) To determine if there is small vessels disease caused by modification of Notch3 activity 2°) To identify Notch3 effectors involved in development and maturation of cerebral arteries We identified a novel heterozygous missense mutation (L1515P) in the heterodimerization domain of NOTCH3 in a patient with cerebral small vessel distinct from CADASIL. In vitro analysis showed that the L1515P mutant exhibits increased canonical NOTCH3 signaling in a ligand-independent manner. Biochemical analysis suggests that the mutation renders NOTCH3 hyperactive through destabilization of the heterodimer. Transcriptome analysis using tail arteries of Notch3-/- and Notch3+/+ mice identified a core set of 17 novel Notch3-regulated genes confirmed in tail or brain arteries. Postnatal deletion of RBP-Jκ in smooth muscle cells recapitulated the structural, functional, and molecular defects of brain arteries induced by Notch3 deficiency. Transient in vivo blockade of the Notch pathway with γ-secretase inhibitors uncovered, in addition to Notch3, 6 immediate responders, including the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.5, which opposes to myogenic constriction of brain arteries, and the glutamate receptor-interacting protein-2, with no previously established role in the cerebrovasculature. We identified a vascular smooth muscle cell isoform of Grip2. We showed that Notch3-RBP-Jκ specifically regulates this isoform. Finally, we found that cerebral arteries of glutamate receptor-interacting protein-2 mutant mice, which express an N-terminally truncated glutamate receptor-interacting protein-2, exhibited selective attenuation of pressure-induced contraction. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the existence of a NOTCH3 activating mutation associated with small vessels disease in human. Our results show that, in the context of cerebral arteries maturation, Notch3 functions are mediated by CSL/RBPJK transcription factor. We have identified several new Notch3 effectors and validated Grip2 as a novel regulator of myogenic tone in cerebral arteries. One can expect that mutations in these Notch3-regulated genes could be responsible of some monogenic form of small vessel diseases of the brain
Moutal, Aubin. "CRMP5 dans les glioblastomes : fonction et voie de signalisation." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01056757.
Повний текст джерелаGirardin, Stephen. "Régulation de la voie de signalisation intracellulaire JNK/SAPK." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13179.
Повний текст джерелаMoreau, Manon. "Analyse de la voie de signalisation TOR chez arabidopsis thaliana." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112328.
Повний текст джерелаThe TOR (Target Of Rapamycin) protein is a serine/threonine kinase related to the PIKK (PhosphatidylInositol Kinase-related Kinases) family, which is essential for survival and highly conserved between eukaryotes. TOR functions in two multiprotein complexes, TORC1 and TORC2 which integrate various environmental signals like growth factors, energy level, stress, and nutrient availability, thus regulating growth by controlling translation, transcription, ribosome biogenesis, autophagy, cell cycle, metabolism, and actin cytoskeleton organization. TORC1 and TORC2 are composed of different protein partners and play different roles in cells. TORC1 is composed of TOR, RAPTOR and LST8 while TORC2 is formed by TOR, LST8 and RICTOR. The Arabidopsis genome contains a single Tor gene, two Raptor genes, and two Lst8 genes but no obvious ortholog of Rictor gene which raises the question of the presence of a second TOR complex in plants. The goal of my thesis is to better understand the upstream and downstream components of the TOR signalization pathway as well as organization of the TOR complex in Arabidopsis. The LST8 protein study revealed that LST8 plays an important role in growth, development, flowering, nitrogen metabolism and long-day acclimatation. We also used ethanol inducible Tor RNAi lines to perform transcriptomic, translatomic, metabolomic and cytologic studies and unveiled potential targets and cellular functions of the TOR complex in Arabidopsis
Boutet, Nathalie. "Etudes moléculaires de la voie de signalisation Hedgehog chez l'homme." Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR20990.
Повний текст джерела"Hedgehogopathy" defines in human a group of hereditary dysmorphic syndromes with an alteration of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. In this pathway, the patched gene encodes a receptor that acts in opposition to Hh protein. In the absence of a functional PTCH protein, GLI transcription factors are overexpressed. In human, ptch1 gene mutations are involved in Gorlin syndrome or Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome, and gli3 is mutated in Greig syndrome (GCPS) and Pallister-Hall syndrome (PHS). We have studied gene mutations spectrum in 151 patients cases of Gorlin syndrome, 52 cases of Greig and Pallister-Hall syndromes, with different techniques including dHPLC. 27 ptch1 mutations have been identified, where one recurrent mutation in exon 8, and 5 gli3 mutations. While a phenotype-genotype correlation seems to exist in Greig and Pallister-Hall syndromes, no correlation was found in the Gorlin syndrome. Patients affected by Gorlin syndrome generally develop basal cell carcinoma (BCC), in which GLI1 protein is overexpressed. We hypothesize that decoy oligonucleotides containing the GLI1 DNA binding site would effectively bind GLI1, preventing the transactivation of essential genes of the Hh pathway and thereby inhibiting proliferation. In this way, we design an experimental in vitro system, based on the transactivation of a reporter gene, the luciferase, which allows the visualisation of GLI DNA binding. However we were unable to demonstrate any inactivation of GLI1 by using decoy oligonucleotides
Assi, Mohamad. "L'impact de l'activité physique et des antioxydants sur le dialogue entre la tumeur et le muscle squelettique dans le cancer : déchiffrage de voies de signalisation impliquées dans la croissance de la tumeur et l'atrophie musculaire." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20055/document.
Повний текст джерелаReactive oxygen species (ROS) control several aspects of carcinogenesis as they can either promote tumor growth andprogression or senescence and apoptosis. In advanced stages of cancer, ROS can also drive the development of other cancerrelated complications like, muscle wasting. Physical activity (PA) and antioxidant supplementation have been proposed as two adjuvant strategies to better control tumor growth, ameliorate performance and alleviate secondary symptoms related to cancer itself or to the heavy anticancer therapies. However, several issues remain to be elucidated. First of all, although PA could reduce colon, breast and prostate cancer growth and progression, its impact remains unknown on orthotopic intramuscular tumors like liposarcoma, which directly affect the musculoskeletal apparatus and reduce physical function. Secondly, given the limitedness of PA application in some advanced stages of cancer, patients may increase their dependency on nutritional and antioxidant complements as an alternative strategy, but such practice has spark a lot of polemic and inconsistent results. In this thesis, we have addressed the effectiveness of PA and antioxidants in two distinct animal models of cancer. Using in vivo and in vitro approaches, we found that voluntary PA accelerated the growth of intramuscular liposarcoma tumors and exacerbated skeletal muscle dysfunction, mainly, by decreasing circulating insulin levels and the subsequent activation of the tumor suppressor pathway “P38 MAPK-P21”. We also demonstrated that nutritional doses of commercial antioxidants enhanced colon tumor growth, total body/skeletal muscle weight loss and caused premature death of mice. Such mechanism was due to selective changes in oxidative damage profiles, which decreased in tumor but increased in skeletal muscle, in a way driving tumor growth and skeletal muscle wasting/dysfunction. Clinically, it seems that (1) patients with intramuscular liposarcoma may, at least, not increase their levels of PA or undergo hospital-supervised exercise program, during the preoperative period; until the confirmation of our findings with clinical data and (2) patients with advanced stages of cancer must be very careful against the use of antioxidants as it could lifethreatening. Accordingly, health agencies in France, Europe and USA prohibit the use of synthetic antioxidant supplements without dietary counseling by a cancer patient’s physician and/or nutritionist
Nivlet, Laure. "Etude de la voie de signalisation Artn/Gfrɑ3 dans le pancréas". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ087/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe generation of therapeutic ß-cell from human embryonic stem cells relies on the identification of growth factors that faithfully mimic pancreatic ß-cell development in vitro. In this context, the aim of the study was to determine the expression and function of a novel endocrine progenitor surface marker, the Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor receptor α3 (Gfrα3) and its ligand Artemin in islet cell development and function.RT-PCR, In situ hybridization and immunochemistry were used to characterize the expression of Gfra3 and Artn mRNAs and proteins as well as of other members of the GDNF receptor and ligand family. We used Gfra3-deficient mice to study Gfrα3 function and generated a transgenic mice over expressing Artn in the embryonic pancreas to study Artn function. We found that Gfrα3 is expressed at the surface of a subset of Ngn3-positive endocrine progenitors as well as of embryonic α- and ß-cells, while Artn is found in the pancreatic mesenchyme. Adult ß-cell lack Gfrα3, but rare ß cell express the receptor. Gfrα3 is also found in parasympathetic and sympathetic intra islets neurons as well as in glial cell in the embryonic and adult pancreas. The loss of Gfrα3 or overexpression of Artn has no impact on Ngn3-and islet cell formation and maintenance in the embryo. Islet organisation and innervation as well as glucose homeostasis is normal in Gfrα3-deficient mice. Our data show that Gfrα3 is dispensable for islet cell differentiation and innervation suggesting functional redundancy. Gfrα3 could be instrumental as a surface marker for antibody–mediated sorting and characterization of relevant cell population during islet cell differentiation
Munier-Bousseton, Fabienne. "Neuroblastome, résistance in vivo à l'irinotecan et voie de signalisation ALK." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829102.
Повний текст джерелаBousseton, Munier. "Neuroblastome, résistance in vivo à l'irinotecan et voie de signalisation ALK." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T025/document.
Повний текст джерелаNeuroblastoma, including high-risk cases, show a good initial response to chemotherapy but will frequently become resistant to treatment. Topoisomerase I inhibitors represent an important therapeutic option for refractory neuroblastoma. To study the reisitance to topoisomerase I inhibitors acquired in a therapeutic setting, we developed in vivo a resistant model to irinotecan (CPT-11). Chemoresistance is known as a multifactorial phenomenon. We have therefore used several approaches to better characterize mechanisms leading to resistance in our model. A genomic approach enabled us to identify the deregulation of a signaling pathway, constituted with a receptor (ALK) and two lignads (PTN and MDK). While ALK is decsribed as a major neuroblastoma predisposition gene, mainly through activating mutations, we demonstrated that the activation of ALK occurs via mechanisms others than mutation in a large majority of cases. Moreover ALK activation is an important event in the initiation of the disease. However, we couldn’t prouve the implication of the receptor in the progression of the disease or in its response to treatment. It seems that the regulation of ALK is complex and its precise role in the progression of neuroblastoma remains to be precisely defined. Nevertheless, we have demonstrated the importance of MDK, one of ALK ligands in the regulation of the expression and activation of ALK as well as in the control of the neuroblastoma cells survival. The inhibition of the cytokine, MDK represents an interesting therapeutic strategy, complementary to anti-ALK therapies, currently in clinical development in neuroblastoma. On another hand, the phenotypic characterization of the model, showed an alteration of the signaling of DNA damage and an increased genomic instability in the resistant tumors. Those tumors also harbor a modification in the cell cycle progression, particularly an increased proportion of quiescent cells. Finally, this work enables us to identify several resistance mechanism that represent markers of response to chemotherapy and relevant therapeutic targets in neuroblastoma
Guillemain, Ghislaine. "Étude des premières étapes d'une nouvelle voie de signalisation du glucose." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077252.
Повний текст джерелаPELICANO, LUIS. "Modulation de la voie de signalisation des interferons par l'acide retinoique." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066278.
Повний текст джерелаAmsellem-Ouazana, Delphine. "Implications de la voie de signalisation ERBB dans la carcinogénèse urothéliale." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05N13S.
Повний текст джерелаERBB-driven growth pathway has been implicated in most human epithelial malignancies including transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. Using quantitative real-time RTPCR we showed the interest of simultaneously quantifying the mRNA expression levels of the four ERBB and their eleven ligand genes in a series of bladder TCC. We were able to show an excellent correlation between TT-PCR results and immunohistochemistry for the evaluation of ErbB2 overexpression. We also confirmed that in bladderTCC,ERBB2 gene amplification only accounts for a small number of protein
Fattet, Laurent. "TIF1gamma, nouveau régulateur négatif de la voie de signalisation du TGFbeta." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10038/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe cytokine TGFbeta regulates several cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis, from embryonic development to adulthood. TGFbeta is well described for its tumor suppressor role through antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities, in particular in epithelial cells. During tumor progression however, TGFbeta becomes a tumor promotor, favoring angiogenesis, immune suppression and inducing the epitheliomesenchymal transition. Binding of TGFbeta ligand to its receptors activate cytoplasmic messenger Smad2 and Smad3 to complex with Smad4 and shuttle into the nucleus to regulate TGFbetatarget genes expression. Recently, TIF1gamma has been described as a new negative regulator of TGFbeta signaling, through monoubiquitination of Smad4 or direct competition with Smad4 to bind activated Smad2/3. This signaling pathway has to be finely tuned to target an action dependent on a cellular context, which is why we analyze here the regulation of functional interactions between the TGFbeta canonical signaling and TIF1gamma. In this study, we show that TIF1gamma acts as a negative regulator of Smad4 functions in TGFbetasignaling during the epithelio-mesenchymal transition and during terminal differentiation of mammary epithelial cells and lactation. We are also interested in studying TIF1gamma SUMOylation as additional level of regulation of cell response to TGFbeta. Thus we characterized four functional SUMOylation sites in TIF1gamma and we found that this post-translational modification inhibits the formation of Smads transcriptional complex and is needed to temporally restrict Smad4 residence on the promoter of TGFbetatarget genes. Our results show the critical role of TIF1gamma SUMOylation in the regulation of TGFbeta- induced epithelio-mesenchymal transition. As a conclusion, our study unveils the major role of TIF1gamma in the regulation of TGFbeta transcriptional responses. Moreover, we show that TIF1gamma requires SUMOylation to exert its repressive activity on TGFbetasignaling
Barrier, Marjorie. "Intérêt thérapeutique de la voie de signalisation STAT3 dans l'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30208/30208.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease affecting distal pulmonary arteries, which progressively display obstruction. This obstruction is due to the increase of vascular pulmonary resistance and pulmonary arterial hypertension, which thus lead to a right ventricular dysfunction and then to a right heart failure from which most of the patients die. Treatments are still inefficient to improve patients’ outcome. Pulmonary arteries’ obstruction is mainly due to the proliferation and the apoptosis resistance of the pulmonary arteries smooth muscle cells (PASMC), reminding cancer phenotype. Interestingly, the laboratory has demonstrated that NFATc2, a well known overexpressed transcription factor in cancer, is involved in pulmonary arterial hypertension as well. This factor is involved in both proliferation and apoptosis resistance by regulating intracellular calcium rate, potassium current (proliferation) and mitochondrial membrane potential (apoptosis resistance). Earlier results showed that STAT3 is responsible for the overexpression of NFATc2. In Chapter 2, we demonstrated that the vegetal molecule plumbagin (PLB) inhibits STAT3 pathway overexpression and over-activation in PASMC. This inhibition leads to the decrease of the overexpression and over-activation of NFATc2, a proliferation and apoptosis resistance decrease. The same experiments were done in 2 different models of PAH, (monocrotaline –MCT- and SUGEN 5416+hypoxie). Indeed, per os PLB treatment prevents (MCT) and reverses (MCT and SU5416) PAH, by decreasing the proliferation and the apoptosis resistance. During my doctorate work, I was able to highlight that targeting STAT3/NFATc2 by PLB could greatly benefit to PAH patients, by its action on proliferation, apoptosis resistance and probably on the Warburg effect in the human PASMC as well as in 2 relevant PAH animal models, in prevention and reversion.
Morice, Sarah. "Rôle de la voie de signalisation Hippo dans le développement des ostéosarcomes." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT1037.
Повний текст джерелаOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in children and adolescents for whom the prognosis remains poor, especially when metastases are present at diagnosis. Transcriptomic analyses of biopsies from OS patients reveal the presence of an Hippo signalling pathway gene signature in the OS. Its main effector, YAP, is known for its oncogenic role in a number of cancers. In order to study its role in the development of OS, we developed a molecular approach by overexpressing YAP that could or not interact with its transcription factor TEAD. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed the crucial role of TEAD in cell proliferation and tumor growth mediated by YAP. In addition, we showed that overexpression of YAP increases cell migration in vitro and metastatic dissemination in vivo, regardless of its interaction with TEAD. Transcriptomic analysis showed a genes enrichment related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell migration and TGF-β in cells overexpressing YAP, regardless of its ability to interact with TEAD. PLA and immunoprecipitation experiments showed YAP/Smad3 interaction, the main effector of the TGF-β pathway. Using a specific inhibitor of TGF-β, SD-208, we demonstrated the essential role of TGF- β/Smads signalling in YAP-mediated metastatic dissemination. These results defined the specific role of TEAD and Smad3 in the tumor progression of OS, and identified YAP as a central actor in the development of OS. Thus, YAP could be a promising therapeutic target in OS
Ragot, Hélène. "Rôle de la voie de signalisation de Notch3 dans le myocarde adulte." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066323/document.
Повний текст джерелаNotch3, a receptor expressed in the smooth muscle cells (SMC), is involved in the maturation of resistance arteries. Notch3 knockout aggravates cardiac disorders induced by hypertension (HT), however mechanisms are unknown. My objectives were to determine the role of Notch3 signaling during cardiovascular remodeling induced by pressure or volume overload. First, we studied the Angiotensin II-induced HT consequences on two mouse models (1- congenital: Notch3 KO or 2- induced invalidation of Notch signaling in SMC via RBPJκ). We showed that Notch3-RBPJκ signaling is required for the maintenance of coronary structure in the adult. During HT, Notch3 signaling defect impaired the media hypertrophic response and the microvasculation leading oxidative stress and inflammation. Then we aimed to define the consequences of volume overload (moderate exercise training in males or pregnancy in female Notch3-/- mice). The Notch3-/- males doesn’t exhibit any signs of angiogenic responses in the microvascular compartment after 5 weeks of exercise training, however this protocol had positive effect on the basal hypertrophy. In parallel, female Notch3-/- mice exhibited the same arteriolar defect as males, without ventricular hypertrophy, suggesting a better adaptation. The post-partum hearts showed a microvascular adaptation in these mice. While cardiac status in post-partum is characterized by an anti-angiogenic environment leading to a physiological hypertrophy regression, these signaling pathways didn’t seem to be active in the Notch3-/- mice. These results showed that Notch3 signaling pathway was necessary to the adaptive coronary network response to pressure or volume overload
Dadone-Montaudié, Bérengère. "La voie de signalisation FGF/FGFR : nouvelle cible thérapeutique dans les liposarcomes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ6024.
Повний текст джерелаLiposarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in adults. Effective treatments for metastatic dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) patients are lacking. We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the pan-FGFR inhibitor erdafitinib for these patients. We assessed FGFRs expression and their prognostic value in a series of 694 samples of well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS/DDLPS). We investigated the effect of erdafitinib -alone or in combination with other antagonists- on tumorigenicity was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. We detected overexpression of FGFR1 and/or FGFR4 in a subset of WDLPS/DDLPS and demonstrated correlation of this expression with poor prognosis. Erdafitinib treatment induced a decrease in cell viability, cell cycle arrest in G1, apoptosis and strong inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway. The association of erdafitinib with the PI3K/mTOR antagonist BEZ235 was not synergistic. Combining erdafitinib with the MDM2 antagonist RG7388 exerted a synergistic effect on viability, apoptosis and clonogenicity in three WDLPS/DDLPS cell lines. Efficacy of this combination was confirmed in vivo on DDLPS xenograft. Importantly, we report the efficacy of erdafitinib in one patient with metastatic DDLPS refractory to four prior lines of treatment showing disease stabilization for 12 weeks.In conclusions, we provided evidence that the FGFR pathway had therapeutic potential for a subset of DDLPS and that FGFR1 and FGFR4 expression might constitute a powerful biomarker to select patients for FGFR inhibitor clinical trials. In addition, we showed that combining erdafitinib with RG7388 is a promising strategy for patients with DDLPS that deserves further investigation in the clinical setting
Jabrani, Amira. "Régulation de la voie Hedgehog : Étude structurale et fonctionnelle de protéines de signalisation." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00737495.
Повний текст джерелаBernard, Florent. "La voie de signalisation activée par les acides aminés extracellulaires chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211613.
Повний текст джерелаSèdes, Lauriane. "Voie de signalisation et gènes cibles de l'AMH dans le tractus génital femelle." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00989662.
Повний текст джерелаJouannet, Stéphanie. "Compartimentation membranaire d’ADAM10 par les tétraspanines : conséquences pour la voie de signalisation NOTCH." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T066/document.
Повний текст джерелаIt is now recognized that the lateral segregation of components of the plasma membrane or membrane compartmentalization, play an important role in the regulation of many membrane proteins functions. Tetraspanins are a family of integral membrane proteins with four transmembrane domains with a unique ability to associate with one another and with many other surface molecules to organize a molecular interactions network, the “tetraspanins web”. It was suggested that via the organization of this network, the tetraspanin play a role in membrane compartmentalization of proteins to which they associate. Tetraspanins also play a role in cellular compartmentalization by controlling the trafficking of some associated proteins. In the lab, it has been shown that six conserved tetraspanin (Tspan5, 10, 14, 15, 17 et 33) of the TspanC8 subgroup (characterized by the presence of eight cysteines in the large extracellular domain) interact directly with the metalloproteinase ADAM10 et mediates its exit from the endoplasmic reticulum. This membrane-Anchored metalloprotease mediated ectodomain shedding of various integral molecules and is essential for Notch signaling pathway activation. We demonstrate that both Tspan5 and Tspan14 are positive regulators of Notch signaling pathway, whereas Tspan15 appears as negative regulator, acting in upstream γ-Secretase. This downregulation is associated with a modification of membrane environment as well as different dynamics of ADAM10, as shown by monitoring of protease using single molecule tracking. Furthermore, quantitative mass spectrometry analysis revealed that ADAM10 ability to associate with known components of “tetraspanin web” was influenced by its interaction with these tetraspanins. Finally, we have identified a CD9 enriched cell area which also contained ADAM10 when Tspan5 is expressed but not with Tspan15.This study demonstrates that different TspanC8 influence differently the ADAM10 ability to cleave some of its substrates and illustrate the ability of tetraspanins to regulate the activity of their proteins partners by controlling their membrane compartmentalization