Дисертації з теми "Voie d'eau"
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Vargas, Lowman Aidamalia. "Les bases génétiques de la pigmentation dans les embryons de punaise d'eau." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN042/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe principal aim of this doctoral thesis was to understand the genetic basis for the diversification of the extra-ocular pigmentation in Gerromorpha embryos. Most of the semi-aquatic bugs develop a variability of yellow or red colours patterns in legs and antennas during the embryonic stage. Since the red colour in appendages was similar to the one present in eyes, we hypothesized that the extra-ocular colours could be produced by the co-option of the eye pigments biosynthesis pathway. First we inferred the evolutionary history of this trait based on its presence or absence in embryos of 34 species. We found that the ancestral state of the trait in Gerromorpha was yellow and that six independent lineages evolved bright red colour, while two lineages lost the colour. Using RNAi and in situ hybridisation on homologous genes from the pteridine and ommochrome biosynthesis pathways, we described the genetic pathway involved in the production of pigments in eyes and extra-ocular tissues in Limnogonus franciscanus embryos. After that, we performed a screening of three genes from this pathway in five other species with different extra-ocular colours and patterns. We discovered that the same pathway was recruited once to produce the diversity of patterns in Gerromorpha. Furthermore, we identified by UPLC-HRMS that xanthopterin and erythropterin pigments produce the variability of colours and patterns in different species. Our next step aimed to understand how the recruitment of a conserved pathway could produce this striking diversity of colour patterns. Using RNA-Seq technology and bioinformatics tools, we identified 167 transcription factors that are co-expressed in eyes, antennas and legs of embryos in Limnogonus franciscanus. These proteins might be involved in the regulation of genes responsible for the different colour patterns. We have started an RNAi screen of these transcription factors. This project is still ongoing but in this thesis I will present the preliminary results and conclusions.In conclusion, the pigmentation of semi-aquatic bugs during the embryonic stage is a good model to understand the co-option of pre-existing genetic pathways and underlying the question of how a conserved pathway could be regulated to produce diverse morphological phenotypes
Morel, A. L'Huissier Alain. "Economie de la distribution d'eau aux populations urbaines à faible revenu dans les pays en voie de développement." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529771.
Повний текст джерелаDana, Katherine. "Rennes et la mer. Création, développement et fonctionnement d’une voie fluviomaritime : la Vilaine (XVIe-XVIIe siècles)." Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIL441.
Повний текст джерелаNatural link between Rennes and the sea, the river Vilaine in the early modern period was only navigable in its lower valley. From the ocean, vessels flowed in the river Vilaine estuary to Redon harbour. Upstream, small boats could reach Messac harbour, which was the term of the waterway. Further upstream, Rennes is located about thirty kilometers from Messac. Most city of Brittany, Rennes didn’t take full advantage of its situation on the banks of the river Vilaine. In the 16th century, the city council instigated the river Vilaine development between Messac and Rennes. The aim was to relate Rennes to the river-sea shipping. At the end of the 16th century, the river Vilaine was sustainably channeled thanks to a modern lock system. Navigation expanded to the city of Rennes. In the 17th century, the waterway became an essential supply line for Rennes
Rolland, Benoît. "Transfert des radionucléides par voie fluviale : conséquences sur les stocks sédimentaires rhodaniens et les exports vers la Méditerranée." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30006.
Повний текст джерелаThis study deals with the behaviour of trace contaminants originating from chronic liquid releases within fluvial aquatic systems. It focuses on some artificial radionuclides that were mainly released by the Marcoule nuclear fuel reprocessing plant during several years prior the end of the nineties and that are still detected in the lower Rhône River. The role of the transport dynamic during flood events on the removal of sedimentary stocks and on the radionuclides fluxes to the Mediterranean Sea is particularly considered. The contribution of such sedimentary stocks acting as a delayed source term to radionuclides fluxes as well as the residence time of these stocks are estimated. The location typologies of sediment storages in fluvial systems are also specified
Danancher, Delphine. "Apports de l'écologie comportementale à la conservation d'un poisson en voie de disparition : l'apron du Rhône (Zingel Asper)." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10228.
Повний текст джерелаKatond, Mbay Jean-Paul. "Modélisation, développement et essais des turbines hydrauliques à utiliser sur des chutes d'eau typiques des rivières de la R.D. Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209553.
Повний текст джерелаEn second lieu, vient la configuration de la vis inclinée de α = 30° et dont l’hélice est orientée de β = 45° sur le moyeu (p45H30). Ces deux configurations ont respectivement un rendement à débit nominal de 89 et 86 %./D.R. Congo has an electricity service rate that ranks as the lowest in the world (less than 1% in rural areas) despite its large hydroelectric potential estimated at 100,000 MW. To increase the rate of access to electricity by constructing small hydropower plant, it is imperative to use simple technology, reliable, robust and inexpensive. The Archimedean screw turbine appears to be an appropriate solution to these requirements. We have designed and manufactured locally (in Lubumbashi) a test bench for Archimedean’s screw turbines having two blades only and a large pitch p function of β ( β = 30 ° and β = 45 °, β being the orientation angle of the blade on the screw cylinder). The goal is to simplify manufacturing and reduce the amount of steel used for the screw relative to the screws used in Europe or in USA. The test bench has allowed the experiments with six configurations combining the slope of the screw (α = 22.5 °, 30 ° and 37.5 °) and the pitch p (with varying rotation speed). The optimal combination appeared to be the configuration of the screw inclined at α = 22.5 ° relative to the horizon and with an helix β = 45 ° on the cylinder of the screw. The second best configuration has an inclined screw α = 30 ° and the helix which is oriented β = 45 °. These two configurations each have a global efficiency of 89% and 86%, respectively.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Dieye, Cheikhou. "La participation paysanne à la gestion des grands périmètres irrigués : l'exemple du périmètre de Thiagar dans le delta du fleuve Sénégal." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT005A.
Повний текст джерелаBlouquit, Sabine. "Caractérisation des transports d'ions et d'eau dans les voies aériennes normales et mucoviscidosiques." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS0010.
Повний текст джерелаThe volume and composition of the airway surface liquid that lines the epithelium is regulated by transepithelial ion transports. In humans, these processes have been characterized in proximal but not in distal airways. We found that human bronchiolar epithelium absorbs Na+ and fluid under baseline conditions. After inhibition of Na+ absorption, AMPc agonists and ATP induce Cl- and fluid secretion. This shows that epithelial ion transport processes in human bronchioles are qualitatively similar to those observed in proximal airways. However, AMPc-dependent Cl- secretion is significantly higher in cultured bronchiolar epithelial cells than in cultured bronchial epithelial cells obtained from the same patients. Proximal cystic fibrosis (CF) airway epithelium exhibits Na+ hyperabsorption, and the cAMP-activated Cl- secretion is inhibited whereas the ATP-activated Cl- secretion is maintained or increased when compared to normal tissues. As in proximal CF airways, the AMPc-dependent Cl- secretion is abolished in cultured CF bronchiolar epithelial homozygous ?F508 cells. In contrast, CF bronchiolar cultures exhibit smaller Na+ hyperabsorption and no ATP-induced Cl- hypersecretion. Differences in the transepithelial ion transport properties of human proximal and distal CF and non-CF airways suggest that pharmacological treatments of ion transport abnormalities in proximal airways may not be sufficient in distal airways. In a second part, we studied the effets of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) on human bronchial epithelial ion transport. ET-1 has no effect on Na+ transport, but it induces a Ca2+-independent and AMPc-dependent Cl- secretion. NO inhibits baseline Na+ absorption, and AMPc- and ATP-dependent Cl- secretions. New agonists and antagonists of the pathways of ET-1 and NO may be useful in the treatment of ion transport abnormalities in CF and in other airway diseases
Miguet, Marianne. "Adsorption de COV issus d'eaux souterraines et régénération des charbons actifs par voie solaire." Thesis, Perpignan, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PERP0029/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis manuscript focuses on a comprehensive and durable treatment of polluted groundwater. The target contaminant, tetrachlorethylene, is a volatile organic compound. The first step in the treatment is the separation of contaminants. It was carried out by adsorption on activated carbons in a fixed bed column. The results obtained in the laboratory on the adsorption capacity and kinetics have shown the efficiency of this process. A mathematic model represented properly the various operating conditions corresponding to those used in the industry. This model has been validated by a pre-industrial pilot installed onsite and operating in real conditions. Management of spent activated carbons was studied. The thermal regeneration was chosen because it has the interest to restore the adsorption capacity of adsorbents and to collect the pollutants in a liquid phase. Although preferable to the production of activated carbons, it could still be economically more competitive and more sustainable by performing the heat treatment by solar means. It has been shown that the regeneration rate is the same for the solar and classical regenerations. It is therefore possible, in the case of tetrachlorethylene, to replace a fossil energy source by the sun.The distillate solution obtained during the regeneration can be mineralized by heterogeneous photocatalysis. This operation was carried out in the laboratory with a lamp reproducing the solar spectrum. The feasibility of solar photocatalysis on the final residue of the water treatment has been shown
Rousse, Corinne. "De la pratique à l'aménagement : la mise en valeur du milieu fluvial et lagunaire en Italie du Nord à l'époque romaine (IIe s. av. J.-C. / Ve s. ap. J.-C.)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10064.
Повний текст джерелаXue, Yanpeng. "Voie innovante pour la nano micro texturation de surfaces métalliques à base d'assemblage de nanoparticules d'Au : application superhydrophobe." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066184/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn recent years, textured surfaces become desired substrates for different nanotechnology applications. In the field of superhydrophobic applications, structured surfaces are used as self-cleaning surfaces. In the present PhD work, we are interested in the fabrication of textured surfaces using electrodeposition process and self assembled functionalized Au NPs modified electrodes. Our strategy shows interesting possibilities to control metal electrodeposition (Ag, Cu and Co). Structured surfaces with 2 nanometer resolution have been prepared successfully using our approach. In the other hand, it is demonstrated that for convenient molecules which functionalized Au NPs, it is possible to control the morphology of electrodeposited materials and in turn their wetting properties. Furthermore, it is found that Au NPs behave as electronanocatalysts on HOPG surface. Superhydrophobic application was evaluated for different textured surfaces with different materials
Descôteaux, Simon Jr. "Suivi de l'implantation d'une noue engazonnée." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25148.
Повний текст джерелаQuebec City’s « Service de l’environnement » has invested in watershed protection by doing several pilot studies to evaluate promising best management practices (BMP). This study focuses on the efficiency of a grass swale located on its main drinking water intake watershed. In addition to several construction shortcomings, vegetative growth problems in the main channel were observed: the grass swale did not reach maturity after two summer seasons (2010 and 2011). A hydraulic model of the grass swale was developed to better understand the hydraulic behaviour of the swale and to evaluate the impact of various changes in design. Results show that water velocities under 0.05 m/s were optimal for treatment and that problems met were not directly attributed to the design but mostly to construction issues. Finally, analysis of field data and modelling results led to several recommendations to improve both the design and implementation of this phytotechnology.
Pancrace, Claire. "Nouvelles perpectives sur les produits naturels de cyanobactéries d'eau douce et leurs clusters de gènes, apportées par l'intégration de données à haut débit." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066632.
Повний текст джерелаMicrocystis and Planktothrix are cyanobacterial genus commonly proliferating in freshwater ecosystems. These blooms are associated with human and animal health threat because of synthesis of natural products and cyanotoxins. These compounds are of great chemical diversity and of interest for biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications. We revisited the natural products potential of Microcystis and Planktothrix. Combining molecular biology, genomics and transcriptomics investigations, we characterized natural products gene clusters. We studied their distribution, evolution and transcription as well. This work uncovered new distribution pattern, evolutionary events and unexpected expression patterns. These insights will allow new investigations and applications for cyanobacterial natural products
Cloquier, Christophe. "Les installations fluviales médiévales et modernes du cours de la Somme : approche archéologique et documentaire de l'équipement et de l'exploitation d'un fleuve côtier du début du XIIe siècle à la Révolution." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010631.
Повний текст джерелаKallel, Sami. "Degradation par voies chimique et biologique de la pollution azotee et carbonee refractaire d'eau residuaire a forte concentration. Application au cas des lixiviats de centre d'enfouissement technique." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066130.
Повний текст джерелаHUSSEIN, HASHIM. "Le statut juridique de la mer rouge et les voies d'eaux qui lui donnent acces. Introduction ou management des conflits entre les usagers." Nantes, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NANT4010.
Повний текст джерелаThe red sea is a long, narrow body of water separating north-east africa from the arabian peninsula. It is one of the most interesting and complex sea spaces in the world. The thesis aims at evaluting and make certain observations conerning the attitudes general practice and politcs of the red sea riparain on the development of the different aspects of of the law of the sea, and to give a full analytical work on the implications of this development for the legal regimes of the red sea waterways the suez canal golfe of aqaba and the trait of bab al-mandeb)
Laroche, Geneviève. "L'intégration des savoirs des agriculteurs dans le processus de communication des haies antiérosives au Burundi." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28178/28178.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаIt is well recognized today that farmers’ knowledge must be used in rural development projects to enhance their efficiency, especially in developing countries. The study conducted in Ngozi, Burundi, looked at the influence of four elements of the farmers communication agents system on farmers’ knowledge integration in extension activities of an agroforestry practice. The semi-directed interviews analysis shows that farmers’ knowledge was integrated only when it was consistent with the project’s objectives, enhancing its efficiency and was valued by both farmers and agents. Otherwise, farmer’s knowledge was ignored or rejected by the communication agents. The top-down approach used to conduct the project, as well as the greater perceived value of agents’ knowledge than farmers’ one had a bigger influence on farmers’ knowledge integration than knowledge compatibility and interpersonal relationships. Those two first factors should therefore be considered in order to facilitate farmers’ knowledge integration and make agroforestry projects more suitable and sustainable.
Sabrié, Marion. "Le fleuve Irrawaddy, facteur d'intégration de la Birmanie ?" Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0061.
Повний текст джерелаMyanmar has gone through unprecedented changes since the year I997,when the country Jolned the Association of Southeast-Aslan Nations (ASEAN). Those changes have accelerated since the beginning of globalization processes and of economie liberalization, launched by the government in 2010. As a result, the territorial dynamics of the country are quickly evolving. Since the 19th Century, the Irrawaddy River has been considered both as the traditional artery of the country, the axis of settlement, the heart of population, of concentration of the economie activities of the country and as the main road. Beyond the perception of the territory by its inhabitants, I attempt to define the contemporary and meaningful role of the River. I will mesure the evolution of its role as an integration factor of the national territory and of the country in ASEAN. Although the role of the Irrawaddy Valley has decreased because of the rise of the terrestrial dynamics toward the East-especiallyas part of its integration into ASEAN -and towards the coastline and because of the development of the Valley of the Sittang River, some urban and industrial poles of the Irrawaddy actively take partin Burma development and in its regional integration. Except In Yangon and in Mandalay, this participation remains mostly in draft form. Despite the acceleration of the regionalization and of the globalization, the inhabitants, the urban ones in particular, reappropriate the river banks at a local scale. Thus, the River is attribuated new functions
Javonena, Anne-Charlotte. "Châteaux et domaines castraux, outils de contrôle des réseaux de communication au Moyen Âge : l'exemple de la vallée du Lot (XIIIe -XVe siècles)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UCFAL018.
Повний текст джерелаFor a long time, the relations between communication networks and castral sites have been associated with seigniorial taxation (tolls) or military activities (by stopping the trafic). Nevertheless, the coordination of roads, rivers, waterways and castles make appear many dynamic relationships between territories, their economic, political or social organization. The decisive question is to integrate these new perspectives into a representation of the practice of territories to define the real conditions of interrelationship between castral sites and communication networks during the end of the early medieval period and the late Middle Ages. The geographical framework of this thesis, the Lot valley from its source to its confluence, on a course of 485 kilometers (301 miles), allows us to consider the reciprocal permanence of social and spatial relations characterized by a plurality of political groups and struggles of influence between individuals. These different powers (great territorial princes, modest lordships, oligarchy and local aristocracy), whose seigniories and castral domains obtrude along this river, can make spaces, politics, societies and economy interact together to explain the dynamic phenomena that relate to the road, river and castles of the territories observed. This study is enriched by the analysis of archives collected, in nine departmental archive repositories, at the National Library of France (BnF), at the national archives of France or at the Public Record Office of London. This historical work focuses on the various actors of power bordering the Lot and their instruments of land domination in order to understand their logic of power and territorial management regardless of their social rank
Forget, Cyprien. "L'occupation du territoire de la Loire moyenne à l'Age du Fer (VIIIe - Ier s. av. J-C) : l'exemple du département du Loiret." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR2019.
Повний текст джерелаThe area of the Middle Loire is at the crossroads of several ancient cités, Carnutes, Bituriges, Senons and Eduens. It corresponds to the current department of Loir-et-Cher and Loiret. Through this study, it is question of better including the role of the Loire in the Iron Age. The river has always been considered as an important channel of inter-Gaulish communication, but also as a link between the Mediterranean world, as indicated by the geographer Strabon (STRABON, Geography: VI, 1, 14) and the Atlantic. Control of this waterway is always of economic and political importance.The end of the period is the best known, thanks to the text of Julius Caesar who describes the importance of Orléans-Cenabum, and of Roman traders who lived there. It is interesting to understand who really controlled the Loire and what influence the river had on the occupation of the territory, the location and the importance of the agglomerations, but also the rural settlements. Is the latter open to external influences, conveyed by the river or, on the contrary, hermetic to imports of goods and ideas? It is for the end of the period, that the data are the most numerous, it is nevertheless interesting to look at this phenomenon over time, that of the Iron Age, as shown by nearby sites such as Bourges-Avaricum, for which one of the most flourishing periods is precisely in the 6th and 5th centuries B.C..It is not a question of making a study on a Gallic civitas in particular, but of working on an area in contact with several of these Gallic political territories. This work is part of a series of regional PhD thesis, defended or in progress, having focused on archeological furniture, such as ceramics or coinage
Prygiel, Émilie. "Impact des remises en suspension du sédiment liées au trafic fluvial en rivières canalisées sur l’état des masses d’eau : application au bassin Artois-Picardie." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10110/document.
Повний текст джерелаRivers channelization and creation of linking channels to facilitate industrial development and trade have led to a strong historical pollution and artificialization of aquatic environments that are now subjected to good potential status objectives. Sediment resuspension by navigation, its impact on water quality and the achievement of status are the main concern of this thesis. Sediment and water chemical quality of three channels of Northern France have been studied: the Deûle River, the Sensée River (both navigated) and the Scarpe River (not navigated). The rivers have varying concentrations of P and ETM (overall Deûle ~ Scarpe > Sensée), which are generally well trapped with sulfides in sediments. Although the concentrations of dissolved ETM remain relatively low compared to the levels recorded in the sediment, they can sometimes exceed the environmental quality standards of the WFD. Lability of these ETM estimated by DGT is weak, even for Pb which is however significantly accumulated by caged gammarids deployed on the three sites. The navigation seems to play a limited role in the enrichment of the water column in dissolved metals and phosphorus, as well as the oxygenation of surface waters. Phytoplankton appears to have a greater influence on the evolution of these environments. Finally, the impact of navigation on the chemical quality of the water remains limited due to the peculiar geochemistry of the Artois-Picardie basin
Lalandre, Alexandre. "Le Port de Paris : naissance d'un port industriel (milieu du XIXe siècle-1914)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H019/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Port of Paris does not correspond to the traditional definition of the term. It should first be noted that this is a river port. The difficulty of defining the port of Paris stems from the fact that it consists of several types of installations: canals, ports at docks, ports on banks (straight wharves and pull ports) and therefore protean realities. Some authors prefer the term "ports of Paris" to emphasize its heterogeneous character. In the 19th century, we also talked about the "ports of Paris", that is to designate installations on the Seine, as opposed to canals. The port of Paris thus corresponds to an ensemble bordered by some sixty kilometers of shore, including a part intended for inland navigation This thesis begins at a time when river transport is confronted with the effects of competition from the railways. It will take several decades to adapt and take on a new function, namely the almost exclusive role of provider of weighty. This conversion was mainly achieved through the improvement of river infrastructures. Port modernization had two aspects: improving tooling to optimize the packaging of goods, and integrating a more global vision of the function of the port of Paris, and even of Paris itself. "Paris sea port" belongs to the latter. One can put forward the idea of an opposition between a "real port" and a "mythical" port, an alternative way of transforming the port's vocation to the capital. Attempts at reconciliation between these two visions are manifested through the creation of the port of Ivry, commissions between 1911 and 1914 on the modernization of port equipment