Статті в журналах: "Vocal monitoring"

1

Rothenberg, Martin, and James J. Mahshie. "Monitoring Vocal Fold Abduction through Vocal Fold Contact Area." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 31, no. 3 (September 1988): 338–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3103.338.

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A number of commercial devices for measuring the transverse electrical conductance of the thyroid cartilage produce waveforms that can be useful for monitoring movements within the larynx during voice production, especially movements that are closely related to the time-variation of the contact between the vocal folds as they vibrate. This paper compares the various approaches that can be used to apply such a device, usually referred to as an electroglottograph, to the problem of monitoring the time-variation of vocal fold abduction and adduction during voiced speech. One method, in which a measure of relative vocal fold abduction is derived from the duty cycle of the linear-phase high pass filtered electroglottograph waveform, is developed in detail.

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2

Leonetti, John P., W. Scott Jellish, Patricia Warf, and Elizabeth Hudson. "Intraoperative Vagal Nerve Monitoring." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 75, no. 8 (August 1996): 489–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556139607500807.

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A variety of benign and malignant neoplasms occur in the superior cervical neck, parapharyngeal space or the infratemporal fossa. The surgical resection of these lesions may result in postoperative iatrogenic injury to the vagus nerve with associated dysfunctional swallowing and airway protection. Anatomic and functional preservation of this critical cranial nerve will contribute to a favorable surgical outcome. Fourteen patients with tumors of the cervical neck or adjacent skull base underwent intraoperative vagal nerve monitoring in an attempt to preserve neural integrity following tumor removal. Of the 11 patients with anatomically preserved vagal nerves in this group, seven patients had normal vocal cord mobility following surgery and all 11 patients demonstrated normal vocal cord movement by six months. In an earlier series of 23 patients with tumors in the same region who underwent tumor resection without vagal nerve monitoring, 18 patients had anatomically preserved vagal nerves. Within this group, five patients had normal vocal cord movement at one month and 13 patients demonstrated normal vocal cord movement at six months. This paper will outline a technique for intraoperative vagal nerve monitoring utilizing transcricothyroid membrane placement of bipolar hook-wire electrodes in the vocalis muscle. Our results with the surgical treatment of cervical neck and lateral skull base tumors for patients with unmonitored and monitored vagal nerves will be outlined.

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Martins, Regina Helena Garcia, Anete Branco, Elaine Lara Mendes Tavares, Renata Mizusaki Iyomasa, Lída Raquel de Carvalho, and Maria Aparecida de Arruda Henry. "Laryngeal and voice disorders in patients with gastroesophageal symptoms. Correlation with pH-monitoring." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 27, no. 11 (November 2012): 821–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502012001100013.

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PURPOSE: To investigate laryngeal and voice disorders in patients with gastroesophageal symptoms and their correlation with pH-monitoring. METHODS: A prospective study was carried out in patients attended at the Voice Disorder Outpatient Clinics of Botucatu Medical School in a five-year period and had vocal and gastroesophagic symptoms. Patients underwent videolaryngoscopy, auditory-perceptual vocal analyses, computerized acoustic vocal analysis and dual probe pH-monitoring for 24 hours. RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients were included (aged between 21 and 65 years; 45 women and 12 men), 18 had normal (31.6%) and 39 had abnormal pH-monitoring results (68.4%). Videolaryngoscopy recorded several laryngeal lesions for both patients with normal and abnormal pH-monitoring, but mostly for the latter group, highlighting posterior pachyderma. Auditory-perceptual vocal assessments identified vocal changes of several intensities for both groups but especially for patients with abnormal pH-monitoring results. All acoustic parameters, except f0, were abnormal for both groups, compared to the control population. CONCLUSION: Acoustic and perceptual vocal changes and laryngeal lesions were recorded for both patients with normal pH-monitoring results and patients with abnormal pH-monitoring results, evidencing the importance of clinical history and videolaryngoscopic findings for diagnosing acid laryngitis.

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Pérez-Granados, Cristian, and Karl-L. Schuchmann. "Diel and Seasonal Variations of Vocal Behavior of the Neotropical White-Tipped Dove (Leptotila verreauxi)." Diversity 12, no. 10 (October 16, 2020): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12100402.

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Current knowledge regarding the vocal behavior in tropical non-passerines is very limited. Here, we employed passive acoustic monitoring to study the vocal activity of the white-tipped dove (Leptotila verreauxi) at three sites over a year in the Brazilian Pantanal. The diel pattern of vocal activity showed a bimodal pattern, with significantly higher vocal activity after sunrise than during the other hours of the day, in agreement with prior studies on this species and other members of Columbidae. The species was vocally active throughout the year, but vocal activity was maximum during May-June and lowest during January-February. Relative air humidity was positively associated with vocal activity, which may be related to the improvement of sound transmission under more humid conditions, but it could also be related to foraging efficiency due to a higher availability of invertebrates on wetter days. Vocal activity was not related to the mean air temperature or daily rainfall. Acoustic monitoring proved to be a useful tool for monitoring this shy forest species, for which a minimum number of three monitoring days was needed to detect a reliable vocal activity rate. Future studies should evaluate its use for monitoring other species of doves and pigeons that are secretive or threatened.

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Netto, Irene de Pedro, Jose Guilherme Vartarian, Pablo Rodrigo Rocha Ferraz, Priscila Salgado, Juliana Bueno Meirelles de Azevedo, Ronaldo Nunes Toledo, José Ricardo Gurgel Testa, Elisabete Carrara-de-Angelis, and Luiz Paulo Kowalski. "Vocal fold immobility after thyroidectomy with intraoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 125, no. 3 (May 2007): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802007000300011.

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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Intraoperative nerve monitoring has emerged as a valuable tool to facilitate recurrent laryngeal nerve identification during thyroid surgery, thereby avoiding its injury. The aim was to evaluate vocal fold mobility in patients who underwent thyroidectomy with intraoperative nerve monitoring. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cohort formed by a consecutive series of patients, at a tertiary cancer hospital. METHODS: The subjects were patients who underwent thyroidectomy using intraoperative laryngeal nerve monitoring, between November 2003 and January 2006. Descriptive analysis of the results and comparison with a similar group of patients who did not undergo nerve monitoring were performed. RESULTS: A total of 104 patients were studied. Total thyroidectomy was performed on 65 patients. Vocal fold immobility (total or partial) was detected in 12 patients (6.8% of the nerves at risk) at the first postoperative evaluation. Only six (3.4% of the nerves at risk) continued to present vocal fold immobility three months after surgery. Our previous series with 100 similar patients without intraoperative nerve monitoring revealed that 12 patients (7.5%) presented vocal fold immobility at the early examination, and just 5 (3.1%) maintained this immobility three months after surgery, without significant difference between the two series. CONCLUSION: In this series, the use of intraoperative nerve monitoring did not decrease the rate of vocal fold immobility.

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Pérez-Granados, Cristian, and Karl-L. Schuchmann. "Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Chaco Chachalaca (Ortalis canicollis) Over a Year: Vocal Activity Pattern and Monitoring Recommendations." Tropical Conservation Science 14 (January 2021): 194008292110582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19400829211058295.

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Chaco Chachalaca ( Ortalis canicollis) is a declining Neotropical bird, for which our current knowledge about its natural history is very limited. Here, we evaluated for first time the utility of passive acoustic monitoring, coupled with automated signal recognition software, to monitor the Chaco Chachalaca, described the vocal behavior of the species across the diel and seasonal cycle patterns, and proposed an acoustic monitoring protocol to minimize error in the estimation of the vocal activity rate. We recorded over a complete annual cycle at three sites in the Brazilian Pantanal. The species was detected on 99% of the monitoring days, proving that this technique is a reliable method for detecting the presence of the species. Chaco Chachalaca was vocally active throughout the day and night, but its diel activity pattern peaked between 0500 and 0900. The breeding season of Chaco Chachalaca in the Brazilian Pantanal, based on seasonal changes in vocal activity, seems to occur during the last months of the dry season, with a peak in vocal activity between August and October. Our results could guide future surveys aiming to detect the presence of the species, both using traditional or acoustic surveys, or to evaluate changes in population abundance using passive acoustic monitoring, for which recorders should be left in the field for a minimum period of nine days to obtain a low-error estimate of the vocal activity of the species. Our results suggest that passive acoustic monitoring might be useful, as a complementary tool to field studies, for monitoring other cracids, a family with several threatened species that are reluctant to human presence.

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Mahalakshmi, Vnssvams D., Sabaretnam Mayilvaganan, M. Ravisankar, Arulalan Mathialagan, Rajanikant R. Yadav, Prabaker Mishra, and Amit Agarwal. "Surgeon-performed ultrasound analysis of the status of the vocal cords of post-thyroidectomy patients with intraoperative neuromonitoring in a tertiary referral center." International Journal of Molecular & Immuno Oncology 5 (September 8, 2020): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijmio_10_2020.

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Objectives: Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy constitutes one of the dreaded complications of thyroid surgery. Sequelae of RLN injury may affect quality of life and can sometimes be life threatening. Pre-, intra-, and post- operative monitoring of the RLN is desirable for safe thyroid surgery. Surgeon-performed transcutaneous laryngeal ultrasound (TLUS) may become a substitute for laryngoscopy in the evaluation of vocal cords after thyroidectomy and may be used for prognostic correlation of intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring (IONM). In this study, a retrospective cohort of patients who underwent thyroidectomy with monitoring of the RLN by intermittent IONM (I-IONM) was subjected to post-operative ultrasound assessment of vocal cords for the evaluation of RLN integrity. Material and Methods: This was a prospective study of a retrospective cohort in a tertiary care endocrine surgery unit. Fifty-six patients who underwent thyroidectomy with RLN monitoring from March 2017 to March 2019 were analyzed. Patients were analyzed during follow-up either when they arrived at the endocrine surgery outpatient department or through a telephone call. All patients underwent pre-operative laryngoscopy, intraoperative monitoring with I-IONM and Nerve Integrity Monitor 3.0 monitor, and post-operative TLUS evaluation of vocal cords. Results: Of the 56 patients evaluated in this study, 112 vocal cords and 102 nerves at risk were analyzed. The incidence of vocal palsy was 7.84%. The sensitivity of ultrasonography for vocal cord analysis was 85%, specificity was 95.23%, positive predictive value was 85%, and negative predictive value was 95.23% in that series. The vocal cord visualization rate was 93.5%. Conclusion: Surgeon-performed ultrasound may be used to assess RLN integrity in post-thyroidectomy patients to enhance post-operative care.

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8

Long, Tao. "Monitoring and Model Analysis of Vocal Performance Teaching Environment Using Cluster Analysis from the Perspective of Core Literacy." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (October 6, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1477309.

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To cultivate students’ artistic quality, enhance their vocal music quality, and prepare them to make great contributions to the innovation and development of my country’s vocal music art is the main goal of opening vocal music performance major in colleges and universities. With the advancement of technology and the demands of talent development, the vocal music teaching methodology for the vocal music performance major in colleges and universities must be continuously enhanced. Otherwise, there will be an issue of disconnect between teaching style and talent development, which will harm both the development of high-quality vocal music talents and the innovation and growth of vocal music performance majors in colleges and universities. The vocal music performance major at colleges and universities should actively support the reform and innovation of the vocal music teaching mode in order to extend students’ knowledge, develop their all-around ability, and provide a strong foundation for vocal music performance, to develop students’ all-encompassing musical abilities. This research suggests a design strategy for the monitoring and model optimization of the teaching environment for vocal performance majors from the standpoint of core literacy. To increase the efficiency and objectivity of course instruction, cluster analysis aids students in categorising and searching for vocal music performance main repertoire as well as using collaborative filtering recommendations to locate their own vocal music performance. The simulation test analysis is completed lastly. The method has a certain accuracy, which is 7.59% higher than the conventional algorithm, according to the simulation findings. In addition to significantly increasing student interest in studying vocal music performance courses, we further reform and innovation of the teaching method for these courses at colleges and universities can also strengthen students’ understanding of various repertoire styles and significantly enhance their musical literacy.

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9

Hillman, Robert E., and Daryush D. Mehta. "Ambulatory Monitoring of Daily Voice Use." Perspectives on Voice and Voice Disorders 21, no. 2 (July 2011): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/vvd21.2.56.

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Many common voice disorders are chronic or recurring conditions likely to result from faulty and/or abusive patterns of vocal behavior. Such behaviorally based disorders can be difficult to assess accurately in the clinical setting and potentially could be much better characterized by long-term ambulatory monitoring of vocal function as individuals engage in their typical daily activities. Ambulatory monitoring also could provide new insight into the actual role of voice use in common disorders and missing quantitative data on what constitutes normal levels of daily voice use for different groups of individuals, activities, and occupations. This report describes the motivation, previous development efforts, current state-of-the-art technology, and future directions in ambulatory monitoring of voice use.

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Wang, Mei, Jinjuan Mei, and Fanglin Liu. "Temporal Acoustic Patterns of the Oriental Turtle Dove in a Subtropical Forest in China." Diversity 14, no. 12 (November 28, 2022): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14121043.

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There is an abundance of bird species in subtropical areas, but studies on the vocal behavior of non-passerines in subtropical regions are limited. In this study, passive acoustic monitoring was used to investigate the temporal acoustic patterns of the vocal activities of the Oriental Turtle Dove (Streptopelia orientalis) in Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve (YNNR) in eastern China. The results show that the vocal production of the Oriental Turtle Dove exhibited a seasonal variation, peaking in the period April–August. Additionally, its diurnal vocal activity displayed a bimodal pattern in late spring and summer, with the first peak in the morning and a secondary peak at dusk. Among weather factors, temperature significantly affected the temporal sound pattern of the Oriental Turtle Dove, instead of humidity and precipitation. This study, which was focused on sound monitoring technology, provides knowledge for further research on bird behavior and ecology. In the future, long-term sound monitoring could be used for managing and conserving bird biodiversity.

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Ford, Charles N., Nelson Roy, Mary Sandage, and Diane M. Bless. "Rigid endoscopy for monitoring indirect vocal fold injection." Laryngoscope 108, no. 10 (October 1998): 1584–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005537-199810000-00030.

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12

Quesnel, Alicia, Christopher Hartnick, Stephen Hardy, and Kenan Haver. "Wireless pH monitoring in paradoxical vocal fold motion." Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 141, no. 3 (September 2009): P105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2009.06.324.

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13

Schneider, Rick, Andreas Machens, Carsten Sekulla, Kerstin Lorenz, and Henning Dralle. "Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Preservation Strategies in Pediatric Thyroid Oncology: Continuous vs. Intermittent Nerve Monitoring." Cancers 13, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 4333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13174333.

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(1) Background: Pediatric thyroidectomy is characterized by considerable space constraints, thinner nerves, a large thymus, and enlarged neck nodes, compromising surgical exposure. Given these challenges, risk-reduction surgery is of paramount importance in children, and even more so in pediatric thyroid oncology. (2) Methods: Children aged ≤18 years who underwent thyroidectomy with or without central node dissection for suspected or proven thyroid cancer were evaluated regarding suitability of intermittent vs. continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) for prevention of postoperative vocal cord palsy. (3) Results: There were 258 children for analysis, 170 girls and 88 boys, with 486 recurrent laryngeal nerves at risk (NAR). Altogether, loss of signal occurred in 2.9% (14 NAR), resulting in six early postoperative vocal cord palsies, one of which became permanent. Loss of signal (3.5 vs. 0%), early (1.5 vs. 0%), and permanent (0.3 vs. 0%) postoperative vocal cord palsies occurred exclusively with intermittent IONM. With continuous nerve stimulation, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy reached 100% for prediction of early and permanent postoperative vocal cord palsy. With intermittent nerve stimulation, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy were consistently lower for prediction of early and permanent postoperative vocal cord palsy, ranging from 78.6% to 99.8%, and much lower (54.2–57.9%) for sensitivity. (4) Conclusions: Within the limitations of the study, continuous IONM, which is feasible in children ≥3 years, was superior to intermittent IONM in preventing early and permanent postoperative vocal cord palsy.

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Magnusdottir, Eydis Huld, Michal Borsky, Manuela Meier, Kamilla Johannsdottir, and Jon Gudnason. "Monitoring Cognitive Workload Using Vocal Tract and Voice Source Features." Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 61, no. 4 (May 23, 2017): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppee.10414.

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Monitoring cognitive workload from speech signals has received much attention from researchers in the past few years as it has the potential to improve performance and fidelity in human decision making. The bulk of the research has focused on classifying speech from talkers participating in cognitive workload experiments using simple reading tasks, memory span tests and the Stroop test, typically into three levels of low, medium and high cognitive workload. This study focuses on using parameters extracted from the vocal tract and the voice source components of the speech signal for cognitive workload monitoring. The experiment used in this study contains 98 participants, the levels were obtained by using a reading task and three Stroop tasks which were randomly ordered for each participant and an adequate rest time was used inbetween tasks to mitigate the effect of cognitive workload from one task affecting the subsequent one. Vocal tract features were obtained from the first three formants and voice source features were extracted using signal analysis on the inverse filtered speech signal. The results show that on their own, the vocal tract features outperform the voice source features. The MCR of 33.92% ± 1.05 was achieved with a SVM classifier. A weighted combination of vocal tract and voice source features classified with SWM classifier fused at the output level achieved the lowest MCR of 32.5%.

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Chung, Jae Ho, Kyung Tae, Yong Seop Lee, Jin Hyeok Jeong, Seok Hyun Cho, Kyung Rae Kim, Chul Won Park, and Dong Soo Han. "The Significance of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux in Benign Vocal Mucosal Lesions." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 141, no. 3 (September 2009): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2009.05.033.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine the significance of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in benign vocal mucosal lesions. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A case-control study at the tertiary referral medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: From April 2003 to December 2006, we studied 110 patients with benign vocal mucosal lesions who had undergone 24-hour ambulatory double pH monitoring. The control group included 200 patients who had undergone ambulatory 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring due to laryngopharyngeal reflux-related symptoms without specific findings of benign vocal mucosal lesions. Reflux symptom index and reflux finding score were measured. We compared the prevalence of pathologic laryngopharyngeal reflux and various parameters of the pH monitoring such as total reflux number, fraction time of pH below 4 in various positions, and DeMeester scores. RESULTS: The prevalence of pathologic laryngopharyngeal reflux was 65 percent in the control group, 66 percent in vocal nodule group, 75 percent in the vocal polyp group, and 90 percent in the Reinke's edema group. Patients with Reinke's edema had a significantly higher prevalence of pathologic laryngopharyngeal reflux than controls ( P = 0.016). LPR was associated with a significantly increased risk of Reinke's edema (odds ratio: 4.846, 95% confidence interval 1.093∼21.492). Total reflux number and DeMeester scores in the Reinke's edema group and fraction time of pH below 4 in the supine position in the vocal polyp group were significantly higher than those in the control group. CONCLUSION: Laryngopharyngeal reflux might play a role as an etiologic factor in Reinke's edema and vocal polyps.

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Wang, Lu, Jia-Jie Tan, Ting Wu, Rui Zhang, Jia-Nuan Wu, Fang-Fang Zeng, You-Li Liu, Xiao-Yan Han, Yan-Fei Li, and Xiang-Ping Li. "Association between Laryngeal Pepsin Levels and the Presence of Vocal Fold Polyps." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 156, no. 1 (November 14, 2016): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599816676471.

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Objective To determine whether pepsin, the main component of refluxed gastric contents, is significantly associated with vocal fold polyps and to evaluate the diagnostic value of pepsin in vocal fold polyps’ tissues. Study Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University. Subjects and Methods The study included 32 patients with vocal fold polyps and 16 healthy controls between 2011 and 2012. Reflux symptom index and reflux finding score assessments, 24-hour combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH monitoring, and biopsy of the vocal fold polyp tissues or posterior laryngeal mucosa (healthy controls) for immunohistochemical pepsin staining were performed. Results The expression of pepsin was significantly higher in patients with vocal fold polyps than in controls (28/32, 75% vs 5/16, 31.25%; P < .001). The pepsin levels were significantly positively correlated with upright position pharyngeal acid reflux and esophageal reflux parameters adjusted by age. Based on pepsin staining data, the sensitivity and negative predictive values of 24-hour pH monitoring, the reflux symptom index, and the reflux finding score were 70% to 84.62%, whereas their specificity and positive predictive values were relatively low (20%-31.58%). Conclusion Pepsin reflux may be a risk factor for vocal fold polyps formation. In addition, pepsin immunohistochemical analysis of polyp biopsy samples appears to be a more sensitive and effective test for diagnosing laryngopharyngeal reflux than the reflux symptom index, the reflux finding score, and 24-hour pH monitoring in a clinical setting.

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Halliday, W. D., M. K. Pine, S. J. Insley, R. N. Soares, P. Kortsalo, and X. Mouy. "Acoustic detections of Arctic marine mammals near Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories, Canada." Canadian Journal of Zoology 97, no. 1 (January 2019): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0077.

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The Arctic marine environment is changing rapidly through a combination of sea ice loss and increased anthropogenic activity. Given these changes can affect marine animals in a variety of ways, understanding the spatial and temporal distributions of Arctic marine animals is imperative. We use passive acoustic monitoring to examine the presence of marine mammals near Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories, Canada, from October 2016 to April 2017. We documented bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus Linnaeus, 1758) and beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776)) vocalizations later into the autumn than expected, and we recorded bowhead whales in early April. We recorded ringed seal (Pusa hispida (Schreber, 1775)) vocalizations throughout our deployment, with higher vocal activity than in other studies and with peak vocal activity in January. We recorded bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus (Erxleben, 1777)) throughout the deployment, with peak vocal activity in February. We recorded lower bearded seal vocal activity than other studies, and almost no vocal activity near the beginning of the spring breeding season. Both seal species vocalized more when ice concentration was high. These patterns in vocal activity document the presence of each species at this site over autumn and winter and are a useful comparison for future monitoring.

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Zhang, Zhaoyan, and John Kegelmeyer. "Monitoring laryngeal and respiratory adjustments during voice production using a simulation-based voice production inversion neural network." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0016022.

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Previously we reported a simulation-based neural network for estimating vocal fold properties and subglottal pressure from the produced voice. In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of using this neural network to monitor laryngeal and respiratory adjustments during speech production in individual speakers. Acoustic and aerodynamic data were collected in human subjects while producing utterances of five repetitions of the syllable /pa/ at different loudness levels. Voice features were then extracted and used as input to the neural network to estimate changes in vocal physiology and subglottal pressure. The results showed all subjects increased the subglottal pressure and vocal fold adduction when producing a louder voice, although the degrees of laryngeal and respiratory adjustments were speaker-specific. The neural network also estimated on average shorter and thinner vocal folds in female subjects than male subjects. These results demonstrate the potential of this neural network toward monitoring and identifying potentially unhealthy vocal behaviors.

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Tamano, Yoshinori, Hiroshi Ujiie, Takakazu Kawamata, and Tomokatsu Hori. "Continuous Laryngoscopic Vocal Cord Monitoring for Vascular Malformation Surgery in the Medulla Oblongata: Technical Note." Neurosurgery 54, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000097519.38937.fd.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE Resection of lesions located in the medulla oblongata may result in significant morbidity. The most lethal complications are swallowing disturbances, which can lead to aspiration pneumonia. To prevent this problem, the lower cranial nerves can be mapped with recording needles placed in the posterior pharyngeal wall and the tongue. However, mapping alone is not sufficient to preserve the lower cranial nerves and swallowing functions. To overcome this problem, we attempted to devise a method to intraoperatively monitor vocal cord movements with a laryngoscope. We used this method, in addition to other types of brainstem mapping, in three cases. METHODS Recording needles were inserted into the posterior pharyngeal wall and the tongue, to record the responses of Cranial Nerves IX and XII. A laryngoscope was inserted orally, for direct observation of vocal cord movements, and was maintained until the end of the operation. The floor of the fourth ventricle was stimulated with a monopolar stimulator. Somatosensory evoked potentials, auditory evoked potentials, and motor evoked potentials were simultaneously monitored. RESULTS We were able to confirm synchronized vocal cord adduction with stimulation of the expected vagal trigonum location and to monitor rhythmic vocal cord movements during spontaneous respiration. In all three cases, we removed the lesions without postoperative complications. CONCLUSION In addition to intraoperative vocal cord monitoring with a laryngoscope, we could safely determine the optimal location for the first incision in the floor of the fourth ventricle. Potentially lethal postoperative complications can be avoided with brainstem mapping and vocal cord monitoring.

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Marks, Katherine L., Alessandra Verdi, Laura E. Toles, Kaila L. Stipancic, Andrew J. Ortiz, Robert E. Hillman, and Daryush D. Mehta. "Psychometric Analysis of an Ecological Vocal Effort Scale in Individuals With and Without Vocal Hyperfunction During Activities of Daily Living." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 30, no. 6 (November 4, 2021): 2589–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_ajslp-21-00111.

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Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of an ecological vocal effort scale linked to a voicing task. Method Thirty-eight patients with nodules, 18 patients with muscle tension dysphonia, and 45 vocally healthy control individuals participated in a week of ambulatory voice monitoring. A global vocal status question was asked hourly throughout the day. Participants produced a vowel–consonant–vowel syllable string and rated the vocal effort needed to produce the task on a visual analog scale. Test–retest reliability was calculated for a subset using the intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC(A, 1). Construct validity was assessed by (a) comparing the weeklong vocal effort ratings between the patient and control groups and (b) comparing weeklong vocal effort ratings before and after voice rehabilitation in a subset of 25 patients. Cohen's d, the standard error of measurement ( SEM ), and the minimal detectable change (MDC) assessed sensitivity. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) assessed responsiveness. Results Test–retest reliability was excellent, ICC(A, 1) = .96. Weeklong mean effort was statistically higher in the patients than in controls ( d = 1.62) and lower after voice rehabilitation ( d = 1.75), supporting construct validity and sensitivity. SEM was 4.14, MDC was 11.47, and MCID was 9.74. Since the MCID was within the error of the measure, we must rely upon the MDC to detect real changes in ecological vocal effort. Conclusion The ecological vocal effort scale offers a reliable, valid, and sensitive method of monitoring vocal effort changes during the daily life of individuals with and without vocal hyperfunction.

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Smith, J., J. Douglas, B. Smith, T. Dougherty, and C. Ayshford. "Assessment of recurrent laryngeal nerve function during thyroid surgery." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 96, no. 2 (March 2014): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588414x13814021676594.

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Introduction There is disparity in the reported incidence of temporary and permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy following thyroidectomy. Much of the disparity is due to the method of assessing vocal cord function. We sought to identify the incidence and natural history of temporary and permanent vocal cord palsy following thyroid surgery. The authors wanted to establish whether intraoperative nerve monitoring and stimulation aids in prognosis when managing vocal cord palsy. Methods Prospective data on consecutive thyroid operations were collected. Intraoperative nerve monitoring and stimulation, using an endotracheal tube mounted device, was performed in all cases. Endoscopic examination of the larynx was performed on the first postoperative day and at three weeks. Results Data on 102 patients and 123 nerves were collated. Temporary and permanent RLN palsy rates were 6.1% and 1.7%. Most RLN palsies were identified on the first postoperative day with all recognised at the three-week review. No preoperative clinical risk factors were identified. Although dysphonia at the three-week follow-up visit was the only significant predictor of vocal cord palsy, only two-thirds of patients with cord palsies were dysphonic. Intraoperative nerve monitoring and stimulation did not predict outcome in terms of vocal cord function. Conclusions Temporary nerve palsy rates were consistent with other series where direct laryngoscopy is used to assess laryngeal function. Direct laryngoscopy is the only reliable measure of cord function, with intraoperative monitoring being neither a reliable predictor of cord function nor a predictor of eventual laryngeal function. The fact that all temporary palsies recovered within four months has implications for staged procedures.

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CHERNOBELSKY, Semyon. "Vocal Mutation in Singing Boys: Diagnostics and Remote Monitoring." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences 41, no. 2 (2021): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/medsci.2020-78411.

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Zini, C., A. Galdolfi, and David Wood. "Facial nerve and vocal chord monitoring during otoneurosurgical operation." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 84, no. 1 (July 1989): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198907000-00076.

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Zini, C., and A. Gandolfi. "Facial-Nerve and Vocal-Cord Monitoring During Otoneurosurgical Operations." Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 113, no. 12 (December 1, 1987): 1291–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1987.01860120037004.

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Chung, Thomas K., Eben L. Rosenthal, John R. Porterfield, William R. Carroll, Joshua Richman, and Mary T. Hawn. "Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring and Vocal Cord Paralysis: Controlling Bias." Journal of the American College of Surgeons 220, no. 5 (May 2015): 973–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2015.02.005.

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Satiawan, Gindo, Nelly Ermarita, and Fadhilah Hidayatullah. "PEMBELAJARAN VOKAL SECARA UNISONO PADA SISWA KELAS VII SMP BINA TAMA PALEMBANG." Imaji 19, no. 1 (July 18, 2021): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/imaji.v19i1.38015.

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Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi pembelajaran vokal secara unisono pada kelas VII SMP Bina Tama Palembang. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas VII dan Bapak Joni Ponco, S.Pd. sebagai guru seni budaya di SMP Bina Tama Palembang. Metode pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran ini adalah metode tanya jawab dan demonstrasi. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pembelajaran vokal secara unisono pada kelas VIII SMP Bina Tama Palembang sudah berjalan dengan baik. Dalam pelaksanaanya guru seni budaya telah menerapkan metode yang tepat, hal ini terlihat dari hasil belajar siswa yang memperoleh nilai rata-rata 80.Kata Kunci : Pembelajaran Vokal Unisono, Perencanaan, Pelaksanaan Dan Evaluasi.UNISONO VOCAL LEARNING IN STUDENTS KELAS VII JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL BINA TAMA PALEMBANGAbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine how the planning, implementation and evaluation of vocal learning by unisono in class VII junior high school Bina Tama Palembang. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method. The data sources used in this study were class VII and Mr. Joni Ponco, S.Pd. as a cultural arts teacher at junior high school Bina Tama Palembang. The learning method used in this study is the question and answer method and demonstration. Data collection techniques in this study were observation, interviews and documentation. Based on the analysis carried out, the conclusion is that unisono vocal learning in class VIII junior high school Bina Tama Palembang has been going well. In its implementation, the cultural arts teacher has applied the right method, this can be seen from the learning outcomes of students who get an average score of 80.Keywords: abstract, bold, italic, maximum five words/phrases, template

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Lei, Zhengdong, Lisa Martignetti, Chelsea Ridgway, Simon Peacock, Jon T. Sakata, and Nicole Y. K. Li-Jessen. "Wearable Neck Surface Accelerometers for Occupational Vocal Health Monitoring: Instrument and Analysis Validation Study." JMIR Formative Research 6, no. 8 (August 5, 2022): e39789. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/39789.

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Background Neck surface accelerometer (NSA) wearable devices have been developed for voice and upper airway health monitoring. As opposed to acoustic sounds, NSA senses mechanical vibrations propagated from the vocal tract to neck skin, which are indicative of a person’s voice and airway conditions. NSA signals do not carry identifiable speech information and a speaker’s privacy is thus protected, which is important and necessary for continuous wearable monitoring. Our device was already tested for its durable endurance and signal processing algorithms in controlled laboratory conditions. Objective This study aims to further evaluate both instrument and analysis validity in a group of occupational vocal users, namely, voice actors, who use their voices extensively at work in an ecologically valid setting. Methods A total of 16 professional voice actors (age range 21-50 years; 11 females and 5 males) participated in this study. All participants were mounted with an NSA on their sternal notches during the voice acting and voice assessment sessions. The voice acting session was 4-hour long, directed by a voice director in a professional sound studio. Voice assessment sessions were conducted before, during, and 48 hours after the acting session. The assessment included phonation tasks of passage reading, sustained vowels, maximum vowel phonation, and pitch glides. Clinical acoustic metrics (eg, fundamental frequency, cepstral measures) and a vocal dose measure (ie, accumulated distance dose from acting) were computed from NSA signals. A commonly used online questionnaire (Self-Administered Voice Rating questionnaire) was also implemented to track participants’ perception of vocal fatigue. Results The NSA wearables stayed in place for all participants despite active body movements during the acting. The ensued body noise did not interfere with the NSA signal quality. All planned acoustic metrics were successfully derived from NSA signals and their numerical values were comparable with literature data. For a 4-hour long voice acting, the averaged distance dose was about 8354 m with no gender differences. Participants perceived vocal fatigue as early as 2 hours after the start of voice acting, with recovery 24-48 hours after the acting session. Among all acoustic metrics across phonation tasks, cepstral peak prominence and spectral tilt from the passage reading most closely mirrored trends in perceived fatigue. Conclusions The ecological validity of an in-house NSA wearable was vetted in a workplace setting. One key application of this wearable is to prompt occupational voice users when their vocal safety limits are reached for duly protection. Signal processing algorithms can thus be further developed for near real-time estimation of clinically relevant metrics, such as accumulated distance dose, cepstral peak prominence, and spectral tilt. This functionality will enable continuous self-awareness of vocal behavior and protection of vocal safety in occupational voice users.

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Zhang, Zhaoyan. "Estimating subglottal pressure and vocal fold adduction from the produced voice in a single-subject study (L)." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 2 (February 2022): 1337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0009616.

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We previously reported a simulation-based neural network for estimating vocal fold properties and subglottal pressure from the produced voice. This study aims to validate this neural network in a single–human subject study. The results showed reasonable accuracy of the neural network in estimating the subglottal pressure in this particular human subject. The neural network was also able to qualitatively differentiate soft and loud speech conditions regarding differences in the subglottal pressure and degree of vocal fold adduction. This simulation-based neural network has potential applications in identifying unhealthy vocal behavior and monitoring progress of voice therapy or vocal training.

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Lu, Shu Y., Glenn M. LaMuraglia, Frederick P. Burki, Reiner B. See, and Robert A. Peterfreund. "Ipsilateral Vocal Cord Monitoring for Carotid Endarterectomy and Concurrent Contralateral Vocal Cord Paralysis: A Case Report." A&A Practice 14, no. 12 (October 2020): e01331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/xaa.0000000000001331.

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Cheyne, Harold A., Helen M. Hanson, Ronald P. Genereux, Kenneth N. Stevens, and Robert E. Hillman. "Development and Testing of a Portable Vocal Accumulator." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 46, no. 6 (December 2003): 1457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2003/113).

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This research note describes the design and testing of a device for unobtrusive, long-term ambulatory monitoring of voice use, named the Portable Vocal Accumulator (PVA). The PVA contains a digital signal processor for analyzing input from a neck-placed miniature accelerometer. During its development, accelerometer recordings were obtained from 99 participants with normal or dysphonic voices. The recordings were used to (a) test the specifications and capabilities of the PVA for monitoring normal and dysphonic voices and (b) explore potentially useful displays for the large quantity of data generated by long-term monitoring. The current prototype PVA is pocket-sized (12 x 8.5 x 2 cm), lightweight (200 g), and capable of sampling 11 hr of voice-use data, including estimates of fundamental frequency, sound pressure level, and phonation duration.

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Huang, Chang-Lun, Chun-Min Chen, Wei-Heng Hung, Ya-Fu Cheng, Ruei-Ping Hong, Bing-Yen Wang, and Ching-Yuan Cheng. "Clinical Outcome of Intraoperative Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Monitoring during Thoracoscopic Esophagectomy and Mediastinal Lymph Node Dissection for Esophageal Cancer." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 17 (August 23, 2022): 4949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11174949.

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Mediastinal lymph dissection in esophagectomy for patients with esophageal cancer is important. The dissection of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) lymph nodes could cause RLN injury, vocal cord palsy, pneumonia, and respiratory failure. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effects of intraoperative RLN monitoring in esophagectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection in preventing RLN injury and vocal cord palsy. This study included 75 patients who underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection for esophageal cancer with (38 patients) and without (37 patients) IONM at Changhua Christian Hospital from 2015 to 2020. The surgical and clinical outcomes were reviewed. Patients in the IONM group had more advanced clinical T status, shorter operation time (570 vs. 633 min, p = 0.007), and less blood loss (100 mL vs. 150 mL, p = 0.019). The IONM group had significantly less postoperative vocal palsy (10.5% vs. 37.8%, p = 0.006) and pneumonia (13.2% vs. 37.8%, p = 0.014) than that in the non-IONM group. IONM was an independent factor for less postoperative vocal cord palsy that was related to postoperative 2-year survival. This study demonstrated that IONM could reduce the incidence of postoperative vocal cord palsy and pneumonia.

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Robison, Tiger. "Overcoming the Octave Displacement: Vocal Modeling Strategies for Male Elementary General Music Teachers." General Music Today 31, no. 3 (April 2018): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1048371318768486.

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The purpose of this article is to address the issue that children’s natural singing voices and pitch perception are in a treble range, and a male elementary general music teacher’s natural singing voice is an octave below. There are many strategies to overcome this significant but manageable obstacle in daily teaching, including monitoring of vocal health, use of instrumental accompaniment, encouragement of student vocal modeling, specific vocal exercises and cues, and cognitive strategies to help students discern between child and adult voices. Specific games, prompts, and rubrics are also included in this article to help guide any male elementary general music teacher to the most appropriate long-term vocal modeling solutions.

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Frühholz, Sascha, David Sander, and Didier Grandjean. "Functional neuroimaging of human vocalizations and affective speech." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, no. 6 (December 2014): 554–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13004020.

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AbstractNeuroimaging studies have verified the important integrative role of the basal ganglia during affective vocalizations. They, however, also point to additional regions supporting vocal monitoring, auditory–motor feedback processing, and online adjustments of vocal motor responses. For the case of affective vocalizations, we suggest partly extending the model to fully consider the link between primate-general and human-specific neural components.

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Staubitz, J. I., P. C. van der Sluis, F. Berlth, F. Watzka, F. Dette, A. Läßig, H. Lang, T. J. Musholt, and P. P. Grimminger. "Recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring during totally robot-assisted Ivor Lewis esophagectomy." Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery 405, no. 8 (September 24, 2020): 1091–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00423-020-01990-0.

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Abstract Purpose The robot-assisted approach for Ivor Lewis esophagectomy offers an enlarged, three-dimensional overview of the intraoperative situs. The vagal nerve (VN) can easily be detected, preserved, and intentionally resected below the separation point of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). However, postoperative vocal cord paresis can result from vagal or RLN injury during radical lymph node dissection, presenting a challenge to the operating surgeon. Methods From May to August 2019, 10 cases of robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) with extended 2-field lymphadenectomy, performed at the University Medical Center Mainz, were included in a prospective cohort study. Bilateral intermittent intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) of the RLN and VN was performed, including pre- and postoperative laryngoscopy assessment. Results Reliable mean signals of the right VN (2.57 mV/4.50 ms) and the RLN (left 1.24 mV/3.71 ms, right 0.85 mV/3.56 ms) were obtained. IONM facilitated the identification of the exact height of separation of the right RLN from the VN. There were no cases of permanent postoperative vocal paresis. Median lymph node count from the paratracheal stations was 5 lymph nodes. Conclusion IONM was feasible during RAMIE. The intraoperative identification of the RLN location contributed to the accuracy of lymph node dissection of the paratracheal lymph node stations. RLN damage and subsequent postoperative vocal cord paresis can potentially be prevented by IONM.

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Hiramitsu, Takahisa, Toshihide Tomosugi, Manabu Okada, Kenta Futamura, Norihiko Goto, Shunji Narumi, Yoshihiko Watarai, Yoshihiro Tominaga, and Toshihiro Ichimori. "Intraoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring using endotracheal electromyography during parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 3 (March 2021): 030006052110009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605211000987.

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Objective To investigate the factors associated with adherence of an enlarged parathyroid gland to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and the effectiveness of intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM). Methods This single-center retrospective study involved samples from 197 consecutive patients (394 RLNs; 733 parathyroid glands) who underwent parathyroidectomy and transcervical thymectomy between September 2010 and December 2014. The presence of parathyroid gland adhesion to the RLN and the clinical characteristics of patients with and without nerve adhesion were recorded. All patients underwent intraoperative monitoring of the electromyographic responses of the vocal cords using the endotracheal NIM-Response 3.0 system. The patients’ postoperative clinical outcomes were recorded. Results Parathyroid gland adhesion to the RLN was significantly associated with maximum gland diameter (>15 mm), weight (>500 mg), and the presence of nodular hyperplasia. IONM demonstrated a sensitivity of 97.8%, specificity of 43.5%, and accuracy of 94.7% for detecting nerve damage. Parathyroid gland adhesion to 17 RLNs occurred in 3 cases (17.6%) of vocal cord paralysis, whereas the 377 glands without nerve adhesion resulted in vocal cord paralysis in 20 cases (5.3%). Conclusion Our findings demonstrated the effectiveness of IONM using endotracheal electromyography in patients who underwent parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism.

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Jones, Matthew R., and Christopher C. Witt. "Utility of vocal formant spacing for monitoring sandhill crane subspecies." Wildlife Society Bulletin 36, no. 1 (February 10, 2012): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsb.110.

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Elbéji, Abir, Lu Zhang, Eduardo Higa, Aurélie Fischer, Vladimir Despotovic, Petr V. Nazarov, Gloria Aguayo, and Guy Fagherazzi. "Vocal biomarker predicts fatigue in people with COVID-19: results from the prospective Predi-COVID cohort study." BMJ Open 12, no. 11 (November 2022): e062463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062463.

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ObjectiveTo develop a vocal biomarker for fatigue monitoring in people with COVID-19.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingPredi-COVID data between May 2020 and May 2021.ParticipantsA total of 1772 voice recordings were used to train an AI-based algorithm to predict fatigue, stratified by gender and smartphone’s operating system (Android/iOS). The recordings were collected from 296 participants tracked for 2 weeks following SARS-CoV-2 infection.Primary and secondary outcome measuresFour machine learning algorithms (logistic regression, k-nearest neighbours, support vector machine and soft voting classifier) were used to train and derive the fatigue vocal biomarker. The models were evaluated based on the following metrics: area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, F1-score, precision and recall. The Brier score was also used to evaluate the models’ calibrations.ResultsThe final study population included 56% of women and had a mean (±SD) age of 40 (±13) years. Women were more likely to report fatigue (p<0.001). We developed four models for Android female, Android male, iOS female and iOS male users with a weighted AUC of 86%, 82%, 79%, 85% and a mean Brier Score of 0.15, 0.12, 0.17, 0.12, respectively. The vocal biomarker derived from the prediction models successfully discriminated COVID-19 participants with and without fatigue.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the feasibility of identifying and remotely monitoring fatigue thanks to voice. Vocal biomarkers, digitally integrated into telemedicine technologies, are expected to improve the monitoring of people with COVID-19 or Long-COVID.Trial registration numberNCT04380987.

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Lahiri, Rimita, Md Nasir, Manoj Kumar, So Hyun Kim, Somer Bishop, Catherine Lord, and Shrikanth Narayanan. "Interpersonal synchrony across vocal and lexical modalities in interactions involving children with autism spectrum disorder." JASA Express Letters 2, no. 9 (September 2022): 095202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0013421.

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Quantifying behavioral synchrony can inform clinical diagnosis, long-term monitoring, and individualised interventions in neuro-developmental disorders characterized by deficit in communication and social interaction, such as autism spectrum disorder. In this work, three different objective measures of interpersonal synchrony are evaluated across vocal and linguistic communication modalities. For vocal prosodic and spectral features, dynamic time warping distance and squared cosine distance of (feature-wise) complexity are used, and for lexical features, word mover's distance is applied to capture behavioral synchrony. It is shown that these interpersonal vocal and linguistic synchrony measures capture complementary information that helps in characterizing overall behavioral patterns.

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Lapinlampi, Timo Petteri, Hanna Elina Viertiö-Oja, Matti Helin, Kimmo Henrik Uutela, Mika Olli Kristian Särkelä, Anne Vakkuri, Gordon Bryan Young, and Timothy Simon Walsh. "Algorithm for Quantifying Frontal EMG Responsiveness for Sedation Monitoring." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 41, no. 5 (September 2014): 611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2014.10.

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AbstractIntroductionTo study stimulation-related facial electromyographic (FEMG) activity in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, develop an algorithm for quantifying the FEMG activity, and to optimize the algorithm for monitoring the sedation state of ICU patients.MethodsFirst, the characteristics of FEMG response patterns related to vocal stimulation of 17 ICU patients were studied. Second, we collected continuous FEMG data from 30 ICU patients. Based on these data, we developed the Responsiveness Index (RI) algorithm that quantifies FEMG responses. Third, we compared the RI values with clinical sedation level assessments and adjusted algorithm parameters for best performance.ResultsIn patients who produced a clinically observed response to the vocal stimulus, the poststimulus FEMG power was 0.33 µV higher than the prestimulus power. In nonresponding patients, there was no difference. The sensitivity and specificity of the developed RI for detecting deep sedation in the subgroup with low probability of encephalopathy were 0.90 and 0.79, respectively.ConclusionConsistent FEMG patterns were found related to standard stimulation of ICU patients. A simple and robust algorithm was developed and good correlation with clinical sedation scores achieved in the development data.

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Tateya, Tomoko, Jin Ho Sohn, Ichiro Tateya, and Diane M. Bless. "Histologic Characterization of Rat Vocal Fold Scarring." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 114, no. 3 (March 2005): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940511400303.

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This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of rat vocal fold scarring by examining the alteration of key components in the extracellular matrix: hyaluronic acid, collagen, and fibronectin. Under monitoring with a 1.9-mm-diameter telescope, unilateral vocal fold stripping was performed, and larynges were harvested at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation. The vocal folds were histologically analyzed with Alcian blue stain, trichrome stain, and immunofluorescence of collagen type I, collagen type III, and fibronectin. The scarred vocal folds showed less hyaluronic acid and more collagen types I and III than did the controls at all time points. Type III was stable for 12 weeks, while type I declined until 8 weeks and thereafter remained unchanged. Fibronectin increased for 4 weeks and then decreased; it was close to the control level at 8 and 12 weeks. These results suggest that the tissue remodeling process in scarred vocal folds slows down around 2 months after wounding.

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Halawa, Wasim Elhendi, Antonio Rodríguez Fernández Freire, Irene Vázquez Muñoz, and Sofía Santos Pérez. "Assessment of effectiveness of acoustic analysis of voice for monitoring the evolution of vocal nodules after vocal treatment." European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 271, no. 4 (September 6, 2013): 749–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-013-2685-8.

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Batovska, Olena, Natalia Grebenuk, Nataliya Byelik-Zolotaryova, Yuliia Ivanova, Tetiana Sukhomlinova, and Iana Kaushnian. "Traditions and Innovations in Contemporary Vocal and Choral Art." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Musica 67, no. 2 (December 20, 2022): 73–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbmusica.2022.spiss2.06.

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"The problem of traditions and innovations in vocal and choral performance is a large-scale, many-sided integral system. This phenomenon of musical culture combines the classical direction and modernization of interpretation processes, which determines the topicality of the research. The aim of the article was to reveal the phenomenon of traditions and innovations in vocal and choral art as a complex multi-vector phenomenon that includes components of different scales, content, and functions that they perform. Methods. The research involved theoretical and practical methods. Problem: theoretical methods are represented by the analysis and arrangement of materials; identification of the main elements of the problem; generalization of the data obtained during the research. The practical methods are based on the search for and collection of scientific concepts and empirical data from the fields of performance, history, pedagogy, philosophy, aesthetics, medicine; on the monitoring of educational, as well as concert and performing activities; creative collaboration with soloists and the choral group. Results. The problem of traditions and innovations in vocal and choral performance is based on the following blocks: preservation of classical principles of academic vocal performance; their synthesis with discoveries and achievements of other spheres; modernization promoted by the expansion and updating of the genre framework, as well as modern engineering equipment. Conclusions. The fact of significance of the phenomenon of traditions and innovations in vocal and choral performance for the culture of society was revealed during the research. Its universality as a many-sided, flexible, large-scale integral phenomenon which consists of many different elements that play a leading role in its formation and are closely related was proved. Its interaction with different areas of society is shown. Prospects. The issue of traditions and innovations in vocal and choral performance is constantly enriched with new content, expands the scope of its implementation and interaction with various forms of social consciousness, science, medicine, which necessitates further study of this phenomenon. Keywords: academic vocal performance; performance software support; practice of vocal and choral art; educational and performance activities; breathing exercises; artistic directing; monitoring of educational and concert practice. "

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Cunsolo, Francesca, Valeria Ottaviani, Silvia Capobianco, Orietta Calcinoni, and Raffaele L. Dellacà. "Simultaneous monitoring of vocal doses and breathing patterns in professional singers." Computers in Biology and Medicine 144 (May 2022): 105352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105352.

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Volodin, I. A., E. V. Volodina, and O. S. Golosova. "Automated monitoring of vocal rutting activity in red deer (Cervus elaphus)." Russian Journal of Theriology 15, no. 2 (November 29, 2016): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusjtheriol.15.2.03.

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Hillman, Robert E., Daryush Mehta, Jarrad H. Van Stan, Matias Zanartu, Marzyeh Ghassemi, and John V. Guttag. "Subglottal ambulatory monitoring of vocal function to improve voice disorder assessment." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 136, no. 4 (October 2014): 2260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4900160.

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Fowler, S. J., A. Thurston, B. Chesworth, V. Cheng, P. Constantinou, A. Vyas, S. Lillie, and J. Haines. "The VCDQ - a Questionnaire for symptom monitoring in vocal cord dysfunction." Clinical & Experimental Allergy 45, no. 9 (August 24, 2015): 1406–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cea.12550.

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Bigand, E., B. Tillmann, B. Poulin, D. A. D'Adamo, and F. Madurell. "The effect of harmonic context on phoneme monitoring in vocal music." Cognition 81, no. 1 (August 2001): B11—B20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-0277(01)00117-2.

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Miyazaki, Hiroshi, Toshiro Umezaki, Hiroyuki Yamashita, Tomoya Yamamoto, and Sohtaro Komiyama. "Transcutaneous PCO2 monitoring with hyperventilation during phonation in vocal cord paralysis." Auris Nasus Larynx 29, no. 3 (July 2002): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0385-8146(02)00017-2.

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Tamaki, Tomonori, and Akio Morita. "The Surgical Technique of Carotid Endarterectomy and Vocal Fold Electromyography Monitoring." Nihon Ika Daigaku Igakkai Zasshi 13, no. 2 (2017): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1272/manms.13.79.

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Netto, I. P., J. G. Vartanian, P. R. R. Ferraz, P. Salgado, J. B. M. Azevedo, A. L. Carvalho, E. C. Angelis, and L. P. Kowalski. "S011 Vocal Fold Immobility After Thyroidectomy With Intraoperative Laryngeal Nerve Monitoring." Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery 132, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.132.8.840-a.

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