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Статті в журналах з теми "Vitrage actif"
Lelong, Gérald, and Dominique de Ligny. "Les couleurs des verres." Reflets de la physique, no. 74 (December 2022): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/refdp/202274064.
Повний текст джерелаMartin, Esmond, and Lucy Vigne. "Macau’s elephant and mammoth ivory trade today." Pachyderm 57 (July 21, 2016): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.69649/pachyderm.v57i.394.
Повний текст джерелаDEPARIS, N., A. JOUANNIN, C. PICATTO, and K. RUDELLE. "HISTORIQUE DE L'ANNUAIRE RECHERCHE EN SOINS PRIMAIRES." EXERCER 34, no. 189 (January 1, 2023): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.56746/exercer.2023.189.17.
Повний текст джерелаFAURE, Martine. "Deyrolle de père en fils, entre science et commerce, une vitrine parisienne de l’Histoire naturelle au xixe siècle." Naturae, no. 10 (December 20, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/naturae2023a10.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Vitrage actif"
Jemai, Brahim. "Contrôle actif de structures flexibles à l'aide de matériaux piezo-électriques : Applications." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECDL0023.
Повний текст джерелаA given mechanical system is dependant on its environment at the time of its operation. The excitation sources and the connections with its environment makes the system produces adverse effects such as the noises and the vibrations. Such a system behaves according to positive and total natural laws'. Active control aims to act on these laws and makes it possible to confer on the system a behavior with better dynamic performances. With this intention one integrates into the basic structure a set of sensors to measure its vibratory state and a set of actuators to apply a command generated by a controller in order to bring the structure in a state fixed before. In this work, it is a question of studying the active control of light and flexible structures using peizoelectric materials. These structures are abundantly used in aeronautical construction. A fundamental problem arises during the control of such structures : it is the phenomenon of the modal contamination (effet Spillower) which occurs as instabilities
De, Man Pierre. "Contrôle actif du rayonnement acoustique des plaques: une approche à faible autorité." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211180.
Повний текст джерелаLe contrôle actif à faible autorité, pour lequel le Laboratoire de Structures Actives a développé une expertise dans le domaine de l'amortissement et du contrôle actif des vibrations, est une solution attractive par sa simplicité de mise en oeuvre. Le plus souvent implémenté sous la forme d'un contrôle décentralisé constitué de boucles indépendantes, le contrôle à faible autorité bénéficie de certaines garanties de stabilité et de robustesse.
Bien que notre stratégie de contrôle puisse s'appliquer à n'importe quel type de plaque, l'application considérée dans ce travail a été motivée par le contexte socio-économique actuel en rapport avec les nuisances acoustiques. Il était en effet intéressant d'évaluer la stratégie de contrôle pour le problème de la transmission acoustique d'un vitrage. La stratégie de contrôle se divise en deux étapes. Tout d'abord le développement d'un capteur unique destiné à fournir une mesure représentative du bruit rayonné par une plaque en basse fréquence. Deux capteurs de vitesse volumétrique (l'un discret, l'autre distribué) ont ainsi été développés et évalués expérimentalement.
Ensuite, une procédure d'optimisation de l'emplacement d'un ensemble d'actionneurs pilotés en parallèle est proposée. L'objectif de cette phase d'optimisation est de forcer la réponse fréquentielle du système à posséder les propriétés d'un système colocalisé. La stratégie de contrôle est ensuite évaluée sur deux structures expérimentales.
/ This thesis is concerned with a low authority active control strategy applied to the sound radiation control of a baffled plate. Since the development of active control ,numerous researchers have studied its application to acoustical or vibroacoustical problems using either the modern control theory or other methods based rather on the understanding of the physics of the problem. Vibroacoustical active control has lead to the definition of radiation modes allowing to describe the radiated sound of a plate in an appropriate manner for active control purposes.
Low autorithy control (LAC), for which the Active Structures Laboratory has gained an expertise for active vibration control applications is an interesting solution for its implementation simplicity. Most of the time it consists of several decentralized control loops, and benefits from guaranteed stability and robustness properties. Although our control strategy can be applied to any kind of plates, the application considered here has been motivated by the present socio-economical context related to noise annoyances. The active control strategy has been applied the problem of the sound transmission loss of glass plates (windows). This strategy is in two steps :first a volume velocity sensor is developed as to give a measure representative of the radiated sound at low frequencies.
Two sensors have been developed (one discrete and one distributed) and experimentally tested. Next, an optimisation strategy is proposed which allow to locate on the plate a set of several actuators driven in parallel. The goal of this optimisation task is to obtain an open-loop frequency response which behave like a collocated system. The control strategy is finally evaluated on two plate structures.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Soussi, Chaima. "Développement de modèles numériques pour l'évaluation des performances vibro-acoustiques de fenêtres en basse fréquence." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAC014.
Повний текст джерелаThis doctoral thesis focuses on the numerical prediction of the sound transmission of insulating double glazing and wooden windows in the low frequency range. In this context, the finite element method is used to solve the multiphysical problem. This choice is justified by the fact that this approach is suitable for the resolution of fluid-structure interaction problems in low frequencies, due in particular to its flexibility in taking into account the coupling between domains and the geometrical and material complexities of the structures. To reach the desired objective, experimental modal analyses of the main components of a window, and then of a complete window, are performed in order to calibrate the numerical models. In addition, the effect of experimental conditions on the measurement of the sound transmission loss is analysed through the definition of four numerical configurations of the acoustic laboratory test. These configurations, whose difference is linked to the representation of the emitting and receiving chambers, allow to highlight their influence on the determination of the transmission loss below the Shroeder frequency. The numerical results, obtained with a free-field configuration for double glazing and windows, are compared to experimental results to evaluate the efficiency and validity of the developed models. Finally, parametric studies are carried out to investigate the influence on the sound transmission loss of some parameters such as (i) the properties of the glazing or sealing system, (ii) the characteristics of the inter-glazing cavity, and (iii) the boundary conditions
Mahyaoui, Camille. "Exploitation des textures de phases cristal-liquides pour diverses applications optiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP118.
Повний текст джерелаLiquid crystals have been used for their electro-optical properties since the 1970s, both in LCD screens and for less widespread applications such as smart glass. The glass industry is particularly interested in the latter. The technology currently on the market uses a polymer matrix in which droplets of liquid crystal in the nematic phase are dispersed. Under the effect of an electrical voltage, the glass switches from a scattering to a transparent state. However, the transparency of this second state is not optimal, which has prompted the search for other technical solutions. It has recently been shown that the smectic A phase can also be used to design a smart glass prototype: a type of topological defect (focal conic domains) is generated in the smectic A phase and polymerised to be maintained in the nematic phase. Thanks to this step, the sample reversibly changes from a scattering state to a transparent state when a voltage is applied. This system belongs to the family of PSLCs (Polymer Stabilised Liquid Crystals). In this thesis, we optimised the polymerisation parameters (monomer concentration, photoinitiator, UV light intensity) to maximise the contrast between the transparent and scattering states. The relationship between the electro-optical properties and the microstructure of the samples was also studied. The principle was then extended to another liquid crystal phase that is formally very close to the smectic A phase: the twist-bend nematic (NTB) phase. This phase exhibits a wide variety of topological defects, enabling us not only to show that the NTB phase can also be used for smart glass applications, but also to develop an electrically tunable diffraction grating. For the latter application, the ‘rope-like texture' of the NTB phase was polymerised to be maintained in the nematic phase, which is known to align reversibly along the electric field. We then revisited the smectic A phase, which has already been extensively studied, but whose properties have not yet been fully investigated. In particular, we sought to make use of the quasi-hexagonal lattice of focal conic domains that is obtained by simple spin-coating deposition. We have shown that this lattice can be used to confine nanoparticles (3 nm - 10 nm). The method works for several types of nanoparticles (gold, quantum dots). An in-depth study of the aggregation state of nanoparticles and their location in the liquid crystal matrix was carried out. Two populations of nanoparticles were identified: micrometre-sized aggregates floating on the surface of the liquid crystal and localised on the defects, and nanoparticles adsorbed on the substrate. An evolution in the distribution of adsorbed particles was observed over long periods: a honeycomb lattice appeared in a few months. Finally, the optical properties of the two types of defects observed in the smectic A phase under hybrid anchoring conditions were studied: focal conic domains (which appear in samples thicker than 1.5 µm) and ‘linear defects' (observed in samples thinner than 1.5 µm). The focal conic domains scatter light and give the sample a hazy appearance, while the linear defects diffract visible light, giving the sample a structural colour. We have shown that the scattering properties of the focal conics are enhanced the thicker the liquid crystal layer, and that the linear defects behave as a diffraction grating. The structure of these two types of defects was studied using optical microscopy. A model based on Dupin's cyclides was proposed for focal conic domains. The structure of linear defects has not yet been fully elucidated