Дисертації з теми "Visualisation et segmentation en 3D"
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Dufour, Alexandre. "Segmentation, suivi et visualisation d'objets biologiques en microscopie 3D par fluorescence : Approches par modèles déformables." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00271191.
Les modèles déformables, également connus sous le nom de contours actifs, font actuellement partie des méthodes de pointe en analyse d'images pour la segmentation et le suivi d'objets grâce à leur robustesse, leur flexibilité et leur représentation à haut niveau sémantique des entités recherchées. Afin de les adapter à notre problématique, nous devons faire face à diverses difficultés. Tout d'abord, les méthodes existantes se réfèrent souvent aux variations locales d'intensité (ou gradients) de l'image pour détecter le contour des objets recherchés. Cette approche est inefficace en microscopie tridimensionnelle par fluorescence, où les gradients sont très peu prononcés selon l'axe de profondeur de l'image. Ensuite, nous devons gérer le suivi d'objets multiples susceptibles d'entrer en contact en évitant leur confusion. Enfin, nous devons mettre en place un système permettant de visualiser efficacement les contours durant leur déformation sans altérer les temps de calcul.
Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous pallions à ces problèmes en proposant un modèle de segmentation et de suivi multi-objets basé sur le formalisme des lignes de niveaux (ou level sets) et exploitant la fonctionnelle de Mumford et Shah. La méthode obtenue donne des résultats quantitatifs satisfaisants, mais ne se prête pas efficacement au rendu 3D de la scène, pour lequel nous sommes tributaires d'algorithmes dédiés à la reconstruction 3D (e.g. la méthode des "Marching Cubes"), souvent coûteux en mémoire et en temps de calcul. De plus, ces algorithmes peuvent induire des erreurs d'approximation et ainsi entraîner une mauvaise interprétation des résultats.
Dans la seconde partie, nous proposons une variation de la méthode précédente en remplaçant le formalisme des lignes de niveaux par celui des maillages triangulaires, très populaire dans le domaine de la conception assistée par ordinateur (CAO) pour leur rendu 3D rapide et précis. Cette nouvelle approche produit des résultats quantitatifs équivalents, en revanche le formalisme des maillages permet d'une part de réduire considérablement la complexité du problème et autorise d'autre part à effectuer un rendu 3D précis de la scène parallèlement au processus de segmentation, réduisant d'autant plus les temps de calculs.
Les performances des deux méthodes proposées sont d'abord évaluées puis comparées sur un jeu de données simulées reproduisant le mieux possible les caractéristiques des images réelles. Ensuite, nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement à l'évaluation de la méthode par maillages sur des données réelles, en évaluant la robustesse et la stabilité de quelques descripteurs de forme simples sur des expériences d'imagerie haut-débit. Enfin, nous présentons des applications concrètes de la méthode à des problématiques biologiques réelles, réalisées en collaboration avec d'autres équipes de l'Institut Pasteur de Corée.
Verdonck, Bert. "Segmentation, mesure et visualisation des vaisseaux sanguins à partir d'angiographies 3d par résonance magnétique et tomodensitométrie helicoidale." Paris, ENST, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENST0042.
Verdonck, Bert. "Segmentation, mesure et visualisation des vaisseaux sanguins à partir d'angiographies 3D par résonance magnétique et tomodensitométrie hélicoîdale /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36703841x.
Mention parallèle de titre ou de responsabilité : Blood vessel segmentation, quantification and visualization for 3D MR and spiral CT angiography. Textes en français ou en anglais. Bibliogr. p. 151-169. Résumé en français et en anglais.
Rekik, Wafa. "Fusion de données temporelles, ou 2D+t, et spatiales, ou 3D, pour la reconstruction de scènes 3D+t et traitement d'images sphériques : applications à la biologie cellulaire." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066655.
Chassonnery, Pauline. "Modélisation mathématique en 3D de l'émergence de l'architecture des tissus conjonctifs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30354.
In this thesis, we investigate whether simple local mechanical interactions between a reduced set of components could govern the emergence of the 3D architecture of biological tissues. To explore this hypothesis, we develop two mathematical models. The first one, ECMmorpho-3D, aims at reproducing a non-specialised connective tissue and is reduced to the Extra-Cellular Matrix (ECM) component, that is a 3D dynamically connected fibre network. The second, ATmorpho-3D, is built by adding to this network spherical cells which spontaneously appear and grow in order to mimic the morphogenesis of Adipose Tissue (AT), a specialised connective tissue with major biomedical importance. We then construct a unified analysis framework to visualise, segment and quantitatively characterise the fibrous and cellular structures produced by our two models. It constitutes a generic tool for the 3D visualisation of systems composed of a mixture of spherical (cells) and rod-like (fibres) elements and for the automatic detection of in such systems of clusters of spherical objects separated by rod-like elements. This tool is also applicable to biological 3D microscopy images, enabling a comparison between in vivo and in silico structures. We study the structures produced by the model ECMmorpho-3D by performing numerical simula- tions. We show that this model is able to spontaneously generate different types of architectures, which we identify and characterise using our analysis framework. An in-depth parametric analysis lead us to identify an intermediate emerging variable, the number of crosslinks per fibre, which explains and partly predicts the fate of the modelled system. A temporal analysis reveals that the characteristic time-scale of the organisation process is a function of the network remodelling speed, and that all systems follow the same, unique evolutionary pathway. Finally, we use the model ATmorpho-3D to explore the influence of round cells over the organisation of a fibre network, taking as reference the model ECMmorpho-3D. We show that the number of cells can influence the local alignment of the fibres but not the global organisation of the network. On the other hand, the cells inside the network spontaneously organise into clusters with realistic morphological features very close to those of in vivo structures, surrounded by sheet-like fibre bundles. Moreover, the distribution of the different morphological types of clusters is similar in in silico and in vivo systems, suggesting that the model is able to produce realistic morphologies not only on the scale of one cluster but also on the scale of the whole system, reproducing the structural variability observed in biological samples. A parametric analysis reveals that the proportion in which each morphology is present in an in silico system is governed mainly by the remodelling characteristic of the fibres, pointing to the essential role of the ECM properties in AT architecture and function (in agreement with several biological results and previous 2D findings). The fact that these very simple mathematical models can produce realistic structures supports our hypothesis that biological tissues architecture could emerge spontaneously from local mechanical inter- actions between the tissue components, independently of the complex biological phenomena taking place around them. This opens many perspectives regarding our understanding of the fundamental principles governing how biological tissue architecture emerges during organogenesis, is maintained throughout life and can be affected by various pathological conditions. Potential applications range from tissue engineering to therapeutic treatment inducing regeneration in adult mammals
Cinquin, Philippe. "Application des fonctions-spline au traitement d'images numériques." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Grenoble 1, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00325721.
Kanafani, Qosaï. "Compression et visualisation d'images médicales par segmentation." Paris 13, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA132017.
Mao, Bo. "Visualisation and Generalisation of 3D City Models." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Geoinformatik och Geodesi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-48174.
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Mahieddine, Mohammed. "Modélisation, visualisation et animation d'objets 3D : Approche orientée objets." nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE4496.
Galisot, Gaëtan. "Segmentation incrémentale et interactive d'images médicales 3D." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4035.
This research work describes a new interactive and incremental method for the segmentation of 3D medical images. The a priori information associated to the anatomical structure to analyze is leamed in a local way. Several local atlases, each one describing only one anatomical structure are constwcted from a training dataset. Spatial relationships are also leamed between those regions aiming to position the local atlases inside the whole image. During the segmentation process, the graph is used in an incremental way allowing fast and partial segmentation. fle user can also interact during the local atlas posiboning in order toimprove the segmentation quality. A voxel classification by a hidden Markov random field is employed toprovide the local segmentations. We also propose s post-processing step in order to correct the systematiceuors that a segmentation can achieve
Wang, Chen. "Large-scale 3D environmental modelling and visualisation for flood hazard warning." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3350.
Trellet, Mikael. "Exploration et analyse immersives de données moléculaires guidées par la tâche et la modélisation sémantique des contenus." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS262/document.
In structural biology, the theoretical study of molecular structures has four main activities organized in the following scenario: collection of experimental and theoretical data, visualization of 3D structures, molecular simulation, analysis and interpretation of results. This pipeline allows the expert to develop new hypotheses, to verify them experimentally and to produce new data as a starting point for a new scenario.The explosion in the amount of data to handle in this loop has two problems. Firstly, the resources and time dedicated to the tasks of transfer and conversion of data between each of these four activities increases significantly. Secondly, the complexity of molecular data generated by new experimental methodologies greatly increases the difficulty to properly collect, visualize and analyze the data.Immersive environments are often proposed to address the quantity and the increasing complexity of the modeled phenomena, especially during the viewing activity. Indeed, virtual reality offers a high quality stereoscopic perception, useful for a better understanding of inherently three-dimensional molecular data. It also displays a large amount of information thanks to the large display surfaces, but also to complete the immersive feeling with other sensorimotor channels (3D audio, haptic feedbacks,...).However, two major factors hindering the use of virtual reality in the field of structural biology. On one hand, although there are literature on navigation and environmental realistic virtual scenes, navigating abstract science is still very little studied. The understanding of complex 3D phenomena is however particularly conditioned by the subject’s ability to identify themselves in a complex 3D phenomenon. The first objective of this thesis work is then to propose 3D navigation paradigms adapted to the molecular structures of increasing complexity. On the other hand, the interactive context of immersive environments encourages direct interaction with the objects of interest. But the activities of: results collection, simulation and analysis, assume a working environment based on command-line inputs or through specific scripts associated to the tools. Usually, the use of virtual reality is therefore restricted to molecular structures exploration and visualization. The second thesis objective is then to bring all these activities, previously carried out in independent and interactive application contexts, within a homogeneous and unique interactive context. In addition to minimizing the time spent in data management between different work contexts, the aim is also to present, in a joint and simultaneous way, molecular structures and analyses, and allow their manipulation through direct interaction.Our contribution meets these objectives by building on an approach guided by both the content and the task. More precisely, navigation paradigms have been designed taking into account the molecular content, especially geometric properties, and tasks of the expert, to facilitate spatial referencing in molecular complexes and make the exploration of these structures more efficient. In addition, formalizing the nature of molecular data, their analysis and their visual representations, allows to interactively propose analyzes adapted to the nature of the data and create links between the molecular components and associated analyzes. These features go through the construction of a unified and powerful semantic representation making possible the integration of these activities in a unique interactive context
Bridge, Pete. "The development and evaluation of a novel 3D radiotherapy immersive outlining tool." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/123511/1/Peter%20Bridge%20Thesis.pdf.
Kabil, Alexandre. "CyberCOP 3D : visualisation 3D interactive et collaborative de l'état de sécurité d'un système informatique." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IMTA0166.
The aim of this thesis was to study the use of Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVE) for the analysis of the state of security of computer systems, also called Cyber Situational Awareness (CSA). After studying CSA’s models and tools, we have had the opportunity to visit the Security Operations Centers (SOCs) of four industrial partners of the CyberCNI chair, in order to better understand the needs and expectations of cyber analysts. These visits were made as part of a collaborative activity analysis protocol and have allowed us to propose a model, the 3D Cyber-COP. Based on this model and a model of the WannaCry ransomware, we have developed a CVE and a simplified scenario engine that allows users to design their own alert analysis scenarios. We have also performed a usability evaluation of a virtual environment for alert analysis, with a panel of novice users
Wang, Nan. "Visualisation et interaction pour l’exploration et la perception immersive de données 3D." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0090/document.
The objective in this case is not only to be realistic, but also to provide new and intelligible ways of model representation. This raises new issues in data perception. The question of perception of complex data, especially regarding visual feedback, is an open question, and it is the subject of this work. This PhD thesis studied the human perception in Immersive Virtual Environments of complex datasets, one of the applications is the scientific visualization of scalar values stemming from physics models, such as temperature distribution inside a vehicle prototype.The objective of the first part is to study the perceptive limits of volumetric rendering for the display of scientific volumetric data, such as a volumetric temperature distribution rendering using point cloud. We investigate the effect on the user perception of three properties of a point cloud volumetric rendering: point size, cloud density and near clipping plane position. We present an experiment where a series of pointing tasks are proposed to a set of users. User behavior and task completion time are evaluated during the test. The study allowed to choose the most suitable combination of these properties, and provided guidelines for volumetric data representation in VR immersive systems.In the second part of our work, we evaluate one interaction method and four display techniques for exploring volumetric datasets in virtual reality immersive environments. We propose an approach based on the display of a subset of the volumetric data, as isosurfaces, and an interactive manipulation of the isosurfaces to allow the user to look for local properties in the datasets. We also studied the influence of four different rendering techniques for isosurface rendering in a virtual reality system. The study is based on a search and point task in a 3D temperature field. User precision, task completion time and user movement were evaluated during the test. The study allowed to choose the most suitable rendering mode for isosurface representation, and provided guidelines for data exploration tasks in immersive environments
Wang, Nan. "Visualisation et interaction pour l'exploration et la perception immersive de données 3D." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00821004.
Dupas, Alexandre. "Opérations et Algorithmes pour la Segmentation Topologique d'Images 3D." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466706.
Burg, Samuel. "Segmentation 3D d'images scintigraphiques et simulations très réalistes GATE." Poitiers, 2011. http://nuxeo.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b5bc3be2-14be-4526-9e11-61619c11caaf.
The objective of this thesis was to propose a new 3D segmentation method for scintigraphic imaging. The first part of the work was to simulate 3D volumes with known ground truth in order to validate a segmentation method over other. MonteCarlo simulations were performed using the GATE software (Geant4 Application for Emission Tomography). For this, we characterized and modeled the gamma camera "Imager" Biospace™ by comparing each measurement from a simulated acquisition to his real equivalent. The "low level" segmentation tool that we have developed is based on a modeling of the levels of the image by probabilistic mixtures. Parameters estimation is done by an SEM algorithm (Stochastic Expectation Maximization). The 3D volume segmentation is achieved by an ICM algorithm (Iterative Conditional Mode). We compared the segmentation based on Gaussian and Poisson mixtures to segmentation by thresholding on the simulated volumes. This showed the relevance of the segmentations obtained using probabilistic mixtures, especially those obtained with Poisson mixtures. Those one has been used to segment real 18FDG PET images of the brain and to compute descriptive statistics of the different tissues. In order to obtain a "high level" segmentation method and find anatomical structures (necrotic part or active part of a tumor, for example), we proposed a process based on the point processes formalism. A feasibility study has yielded very encouraging results
Gul, Mohammed Jaza. "Segmentation générique et classification dans des images 3D+T." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066600.
Image segmentation, being the main challenge in image analysis that deals with extraction of quantitative information. Segmentation partitions an image into a number of separate regions which might correspond to objects in the image. The simplest technique is thresholding, by considering a threshold below which pixels/voxels are assumed as background. Finding optimal threshold is critical; if the threshold is very low, the observed nuclei in fluorescent image are touching and requires a post-processing, on the other hand, with very high threshold, nuclei with low intensities will be deleted. Afterwards, qualitative information can be extracted directly from segmented image. However, in order to give more meaning to detected objects, these objects can be assigned to predefined classes. This challenge is carried out in this thesis through an automatic method of segmentation and classification which was applied to the study of cell cycle of nuclei in 3D/4D embryo microscopy images. Our method ensures optimal threshold for each object. In this thesis, we present two new segmentation techniques which are based on supervised learning of predefined classes of objects. The first technique of supervised segmentation is realized by combining machine learning and iterative thresholding (bottom-up thresholding). For each threshold, the detected objects will be classified. At the end of thresholding, to find optimal threshold for each object, the threshold that gives the highest probability of belonging in the stabilized class is taken. This technique was tested on three different datasets and gave good results despite the presence of temporal and spatial variations of intensity. In the same perspective, another technique based on a region-growing (top-down thresholding) approach was developed to overcome overlapping and inhomogeneous cell nuclei problems. This technique is based on region-growth from the local maximum. Once the regions meet, combinations of regions are created and combination that gives the highest membership probability to predefined classes of object is retained. The originality of this work is that segmen- tation and classification are performed simultaneously. The program is also generic and applicable to wide biological datasets, without any parameter (parameter-free)
Gul, Mohammed Jaza. "Segmentation générique et classification dans des images 3D+T." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066600.
Image segmentation, being the main challenge in image analysis that deals with extraction of quantitative information. Segmentation partitions an image into a number of separate regions which might correspond to objects in the image. The simplest technique is thresholding, by considering a threshold below which pixels/voxels are assumed as background. Finding optimal threshold is critical; if the threshold is very low, the observed nuclei in fluorescent image are touching and requires a post-processing, on the other hand, with very high threshold, nuclei with low intensities will be deleted. Afterwards, qualitative information can be extracted directly from segmented image. However, in order to give more meaning to detected objects, these objects can be assigned to predefined classes. This challenge is carried out in this thesis through an automatic method of segmentation and classification which was applied to the study of cell cycle of nuclei in 3D/4D embryo microscopy images. Our method ensures optimal threshold for each object. In this thesis, we present two new segmentation techniques which are based on supervised learning of predefined classes of objects. The first technique of supervised segmentation is realized by combining machine learning and iterative thresholding (bottom-up thresholding). For each threshold, the detected objects will be classified. At the end of thresholding, to find optimal threshold for each object, the threshold that gives the highest probability of belonging in the stabilized class is taken. This technique was tested on three different datasets and gave good results despite the presence of temporal and spatial variations of intensity. In the same perspective, another technique based on a region-growing (top-down thresholding) approach was developed to overcome overlapping and inhomogeneous cell nuclei problems. This technique is based on region-growth from the local maximum. Once the regions meet, combinations of regions are created and combination that gives the highest membership probability to predefined classes of object is retained. The originality of this work is that segmen- tation and classification are performed simultaneously. The program is also generic and applicable to wide biological datasets, without any parameter (parameter-free)
Dillenseger, Jean-Louis. "Visualisation Scientifique en médecine.Application à la visualisation de l'anatomie et à la visualisation en épileptologie clinique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Rennes 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130932.
Pour cela, une réflexion sur l'outil de visualisation a été menée afin de proposer un cadre bien défini qui puisse guider l'élaboration d'un outil de représentation répondant à une discipline et à une problématique particulière. Le point le plus original de cette réflexion concerne un essai de formalisation de l'évaluation de la performance des outils de visualisation.
Deux grands domaines d'application ont justement permis de démontrer la pertinence de ce cadre général de la visualisation :
- La visualisation générale de l'anatomie avec, dans un premier temps, la conception d'un outil générique de visualisation de données médicale, le lancer de rayons multifonctions. Cet outil a été ensuite étendu selon deux axes de recherche, d'une part l'intégration de modèles de connaissances dans la procédure de synthèse d'images et d'autre part, l'imagerie interventionnelle et plus particulièrement des applications en urologie.
- Les apports de la visualisation pour l'interprétation des données recueillies sur le patient épileptique et plus particulièrement l'élaboration d'outils complémentaires permettant une analyse progressive des mécanismes et structures impliqués dans la crise.
Daul, Christian. "Segmentation, recalage et reconstruction 3D de données.Traitement d'images médicales et industrielles." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00326078.
He, Shuang. "Production et visualisation de niveaux de détail pour les modèles 3D urbains." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2012. http://portaildocumentaire.citechaillot.fr/search.aspx?SC=theses&QUERY=+marie+Durand#/Detail/%28query:%28Id:%270_OFFSET_0%27,Index:1,NBResults:1,PageRange:3,SearchQuery:%28CloudTerms:!%28%29,ForceSearch:!t,Page:0,PageRange:3,QueryString:%27Shuang%20he%27,ResultSize:10,ScenarioCode:theses,ScenarioDisplayMode:display-standard,SearchLabel:%27%27,SearchTerms:%27Shuang%20he%27,SortField:!n,SortOrder:0,TemplateParams:%28Scenario:%27%27,Scope:%27%27,Size:!n,Source:%27%27,Support:%27%27%29%29%29%29.
3D city models have been increasingly used in a variety of urban applications as platforms to integrate and visualize diverse information. This work addresses level-of-detail production and visualization of 3D city models, towards their use in GIS applications. This work proposes a hybrid solution to LoD production of 3D city models, using a combination of techniques: extrusion, integration, generalization, and procedural modeling. The prerequisite for using our solution is to have data (like 2D cadastral buildings) for generating city coverage volumetric building models and data (like road network, administrative division, etc) for dividing the city into meaningful units. It can also gain advantage from using other accessible 2D and 3D models of city objects as many as possible. Because such requirements can be fulfilled at low cost, the solution may be easily adopted. The main focus of this work is placed on generalization techniques and algorithms. A generalization framework is proposed based on the divide-and-conquer concept, realized by land cover subdivision and cell-based generalization. The framework enables city scale generalization towards more abstract city models, and facilitates local scale generalization by grouping city objects according to city cells. An implementation of city scale generalization is realized based on the framework. A footprint-based approach is developed for generalizing 3D building groups at medium LoD, which can be used for local scale generalization. Moreover, using the LoD 3D city models produced by the proposed solution, three visualization examples are given to demonstrate some of the potential uses: multi-scale, focus + context, and view-dependent visualization
Prat, Sylvain. "Compression et visualisation de grandes scènes 3D par représentation à base topologique." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S039.
If visualization applications of 3D scenes are now widespread since the advent of powerful 3D graphics cards allowing real-time 3D rendering, the rendering of large 3D scenes remains problematic because of the too many 3D primitives to handle during the short period of time elapsing between two successive image frames. On the other hand, the democratisation of the Internet at home creates new needs, including the need to navigate into large 3D environments through a network. Applications are indeed numerous: video games, virtual tourism, geolocalization (GPS), virtual architecture, 3d medical imaging. . . Within this context, users exchange and share information regarding the virtual environment over the network. The subject of this thesis is in-between these two issues. We are interested in the special case of viewing virtual cities in a "communicating" fashion where 3D data pass over the network. This type of application raises two major problems: first, the selection of relevant data to be transmitted to the user, because it's too expensive to transmit the full 3D environment before the navigation starts; on the other hand, taking into account the network constraints: low bandwidth, latency, error tolerance. In this thesis, we propose several contributions: a generic compression method, suitable for the compression of volume meshes, a method for constructing and partitioning 3D urban scenes from buildings footprints, and an optimized method for building complex surfaces from a polygon soup
Hayat, Khizar. "Visualisation 3D adaptée par insertion synchronisée de données cachées." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00400762.
Michetti, Jérôme. "Segmentation endodontique sur des images scanner 3D : méthodes et validation." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30186.
In dental offices, endodontic or root canal treatments are daily performed (over 6 million treatments per year in France). A good knowledge of the root canal anatomy (inside of the tooth or pulp) is an indispensable prerequisite for ensuring the success of root canal treatment. To understand and overpass common morphological variations which are potential source of failures during the treatment, two-dimensional (2D) intra buccal radiography can help dental surgeons. However, distortion, anatomical compression and neighboring anatomical structures superposition reduce image quality and do not allow an accurate qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the root canal anatomy. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) available in dental offices might be an alternative by providing 3D reconstructions of dento-maxillofacial structures. But the evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of dental CBCT devices in identifying root canal anatomy is necessary to justify their indication in endodontic treatment. Indeed, root canal segmentation on (CBCT) images is difficult because of the noise level, resolution limitations, and to the difficulty to validate results. To help dental surgeons in root canal treatment, this thesis aims at providing image processing methods in order to develop segmentation and visualization methods of the inside of the teeth. To begin with, we have introduced the root canal morphology, the different rules of the root canal treatment and described technical specifications of CBCT devices. We also investigated existing techniques and methods to explore quantitatively root canal anatomy on high resolution microcomputed tomography (µCT) images. Afterwards, we proposed a method to evaluate CBCT endodontic segmentation results by comparing with equivalent µCT data. To validate this method and to test endodontic segmentation on CBCT images, we developed a local adaptive thresholding and evaluated results on extracted teeth. To ensure validation on image quality similar to in vivo condition (quality reduced by anatomical structures in and out of the field of view), we designed and validated a periodontal phantom which are made around extracted teeth and allowing to preserve comparison with the ground truth providing by the µCT. At the end of the thesis, we evocated our perspectives based on deep learning and our first results to compensate image quality reduction in order to test endodontic segmentation in clinical condition
Meftah, Anis. "Compression et codage scalable d'objets 3D pour leur visualisation et manipulation sur des systèmes hétérogènes." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4083.
With the latest technological progress, the 3D imaging industry needs to increase more and more the rendering quality, which implies an augmentation in the volume of date stored or transmitted. In this context, this thesis focuses on the processing of 3D out-of-core objects which cannot be entirely loaded into memory because of their huge sizes. The challenge is to introduce new techniques for processing, visualization and compression of such data. We then purpose generic scan-based methods, enabling the local processing while reading or scanning the 3D objects. In the first part, this thesis focuses on the processing of multi-resolution 3D surface meshes and specifically on three main areas : compression, quality measurement and visualization. The proposed techniques are very powerful and allow the manipulation of out-of-core meshes composed of billions of polygons on standard computers with a minimum of resources. In the second part, we focus on the processing of 3D volume objects. We present a scan-based compression scheme dealing with terabytes of data. Furthermore, we exploit the geometry specificities of 3D objects, such as faults and horizons in seismic field, to improve the performances of the presented scheme
Jamin, Clément. "Algorithmes et structures de données compactes pour la visualisation interactive d’objets 3D volumineux." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10133.
Progressive compression methods are now mature (obtained rates are close to theoretical bounds) and interactive visualization of huge meshes has been a reality for a few years. However, even if the combination of compression and visualization is often mentioned as a perspective, very few papers deal with this problem, and the files created by visualization algorithms are often much larger than the original ones. In fact, compression favors a low file size to the detriment of a fast data access, whereas visualization methods focus on rendering speed : both goals are opposing and competing. Starting from an existing progressive compression method incompatible with selective and interactive refinements and usable on small-sized meshes only, this thesis tries to reconcile lossless compression and visualization by proposing new algorithms and data structures which radically reduce the size of the objects while supporting a fast interactive navigation. In addition to this double capability, our method works out-of-core and can handle meshes containing several hundreds of millions vertices. Furthermore, it presents the advantage of dealing with any n-dimensional simplicial complex, which includes triangle soups or volumetric meshes
Marquez, Florez Jorge Alberto. "Analyse et visualisation des structures complexes en 3d : une approche par frontières discrètes." Paris, ENST, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENST0047.
Márquez, Flores Jorge Alberto. "Analyse et visualisation des structures complexes en 3D : une approche par frontières discrètes /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37630605c.
Arnaud, Adrien. "Études et conception d'algorithmes de reconstruction 3D sur tablettes : génération automatique de modèles 3D éditables de bâtiments existants." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS512/document.
This thesis works consisted to implement algorithmic solutions to reconstruct an editable 3D model of an indoor environment using a tablet equipped with a depth sensor.These works are part of the context of interior renovation. European standards push for energy renovation and 3D modeling of existing buildings. Professional tools using LIDAR-type sensors make it possible to reconstruct high-quality point clouds, but are costly and time-consuming to implement. In addition, it is very difficult to automatically identify the constituents of a building to export a complete editable 3D model.As part of the interior renovation, it is not necessary to have information on the whole building, only the main dimensions and surfaces are necessary. We can then consider completely automating the 3D modeling process.The recent development of depth sensors that can be integrated on tablets, and the improvement of the tablets computation capabilities allows us to consider the adaptation of classical 3D reconstruction algorithms to these supports.During this work, we considered two different 3D reconstruction approaches. The first approach is based on state-of-the-art methods. It consists of generating a 3D mesh of an interior environment in real time on a tablet, then using this 3D mesh to identify the overall structure of the building (walls, doors and windows). The second approach envisaged is to generate a 3D editable model in real time, without passing through an intermediate mesh. In this way much more information is available to be able to detect the structural elements. We have in fact at each given time a complete point cloud as well as the corresponding color image. In a first time we have set up two planar segmentation algorithms in real time. Then, we set up an analysis algorithm of these plans to identify two identical planes on different captures. We are then able to identify the different walls contained in the captured environment, and we can update their geometric information in real-time
Gremillet, Philippe. "Reconstruction et visualisation de surfaces et de volumes en microscopie électronique à transmission et en microscopie confocale." Saint-Etienne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STET4004.
Guislain, Maximilien. "Traitement joint de nuage de points et d'images pour l'analyse et la visualisation des formes 3D." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1219/document.
Recent years saw a rapid development of city digitization technologies. Acquisition campaigns covering entire cities are now performed using LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) scanners embedded aboard mobile vehicles. These acquisition campaigns yield point clouds, composed of millions of points, representing the buildings and the streets, and may also contain a set of images of the scene. The subject developed here is the improvement of the point cloud using the information contained in the camera images. This thesis introduces several contributions to this joint improvement. The position and orientation of acquired images are usually estimated using devices embedded with the LiDAR scanner, even if this information is inaccurate. To obtain the precise registration of an image on a point cloud, we propose a two-step algorithm which uses both Mutual Information and Histograms of Oriented Gradients. The proposed method yields an accurate camera pose, even when the initial estimations are far from the real position and orientation. Once the images have been correctly registered, it is possible to use them to color each point of the cloud while using the variability of the point of view. This is done by minimizing an energy considering the different colors associated with a point and the potential colors of its neighbors. Illumination changes can also change the color assigned to a point. Notably, this color can be affected by cast shadows. These cast shadows are changing with the sun position, it is therefore necessary to detect and correct them. We propose a new method that analyzes the joint variation of the reflectance value obtained by the LiDAR and the color of the points. By detecting enough interfaces between shadow and light, we can characterize the luminance of the scene and to remove the cast shadows. The last point developed in this thesis is the densification of a point cloud. Indeed, the local density of a point cloud varies and is sometimes insufficient in certain areas. We propose a directly applicable approach to increase the density of a point cloud using multiple images
Montagnat, Johan. "Modèles déformables pour la segmentation et la modélisation d'images médicales 3D et 4D." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00683368.
Mille, Julien. "Modèle déformables pour la segmentation et le suivi en imagerie 2D et 3D." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR4051.
Deformabe models such as active contours are general and powerful tools for image segmentation, enabling to add constraints and prior knowledge about the objects to be segmented. Deformable models are geometrical structures deformed by an evolution method in order to fit the object boundaries. Segmentation is expressed as an optimization problem, which purpose is to determine the curbe of the surface minimizing an objective function (an energy), made up of internal terms related to to model's geometrical smoothness and external terms attaching the model to the image data. In this thesis, we develop an active contour model for 2D segmentation and an active surface model for 3D segmentation, both being based on a unified framework. We also extend the surface model to 3D+T segmentation and tracking. We propose several improvements on the greedy algorithm, a numerical method minimizing the objective function. We also develop an original region-based external term, referring it to as narroy band region energy. It combines local and global features about structures of interest and offers advantages relative to the computational cost and consistency with respect to data
Montagnat, Johan. "Modeles deformables pour la segmentation et la modelisation d'images medicales 3d et 4d." Nice, 1999. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00683368.
Dufour, Alice. "Segmentation et modélisation des structures vasculaires cérébrales en imagerie médicale 3D." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAD050/document.
Angiographie images are useful data for several tasks, e.g., diagnosis, pathology follow-up or surgery planning. However, due to low SNR (noise,artifacts), and complex semantic content (sparseness), angiographie image analysis is a time consurning and error prone task. These consideration have motivated the development of numerous vesse! filtering, segmentation, or modeling techinques.This thesis is organized around two research areas : the segmentation anù the moùeling. Segmentation of cerebral vascular networks from 3D angiographie data remains a challenge. Automation generally induces a high computational cost and possible errors, white interactive methods are hard to use due to the dimension and the complexity of images. This thesis presents a compromise between both approaches by using the concept of example-based segmentation. This strategy, which uses component-trees in a non-standard fashion, leads to promising results, when applied on cerebral MR angiographie data. The generation of cerebrovascular atlases remains a complex and infrequently considered issue. The existing approaches rely on information exclusively related to the vessels. This thesis investigate a new way, consisting of using both vascular and morphological information (i.e. Cerebral structures) to improve the accuracy and relevance of the obtaines vascular atlases. Experiments emphasize improvments in the main steps of the atlas generation process impacted by the use of the morphological information. An example of cerebrovascular atlas obtained from a dataset of MRAs acquired form different acquisition devices has been provided
Bilodeau, Guillaume-Alexandre. "Segmentation en parties d'objets 3D provenant d'images 2D réelles et complexes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0011/MQ41855.pdf.
Sebbahi, Ali. "Segmentation 2D et 3D par modèles déformables en imagerie cardio-vasculaire." Paris 12, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA120040.
Bosnjak, Seminario Antonio. "Segmentation et modélisation dynamiques : application à la reconstruction 3D d'images échocardiographiques." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10018.
Deveau, Matthieu. "Utilisation conjointe de données image et laser pour la segmentation et la modélisation 3D." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05S001.
This thesis deals with combining a digital image with laser data for complex scenes 3D modeling automation. Image and laser data are acquired from the same point of view, with a greater image resolution than the laser one. This work is structured around three main topics pose estimation, segmentation and modeling. Pose estimation is based both on feature points matching, between the digital image and the laser intensity image, and on linear feature extraction. Data segmentation into geometric features is done through a hierarchical segmentation scheme, where image and laser data are combined. 3D modeling automation is studied through this hierarchical scheme. A tool for semi-automated modeling is also derived from the hierarchical segmentation architecture. In the modeling step, we have focused on automatic modeling of cylinders with free-form profiles. The description is then very general, with planes, freeform profile cylinders, revolution objects, and meshes on complex parts
Moussa, Richard. "SEGMENTATION MULTI-AGENTS EN IMAGERIE BIOLOGIQUE ET MÉDICALE : APPLICATION AUX IRM 3D." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00652445.
Khotanlou, Hassan. "Segmentation 3D de tumeurs et de structures internes du cerveau en IRM." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003662.
Tran, Viet Dung. "Reconstruction et segmentation d'image 3D de tomographie électronique par approche "problème inverse"." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01056695.
André, Gilles. "Segmentation 3D d'images radiologiques : applications à la volumétrie d'organes et de lésions." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112192.
The principal contribution of those works of research relates to the radiological techniques of region- growing image segmentation. Initially, the principle of this approach is detailed by giving a report on the bibliography devoted to this kind of segmentation. In the second time, the region-growing algorithm implemented is described by formalizing and studying the problem complexity. It consists in constraining, during the propagation of the belonging property, in one hand, the grey-level homogeneity, and in the other hand the connexity of these same voxels pertaining to the form. Concerning the first constraint, during the propagation of the belonging property, an analysis of the evolution of the set of values of standard average and the deviation of the levels of grey of the voxels are carried out. This, in order to decide if we include or not some voxels with the segmented form. More robust statistical techniques in continuation are introduced in order to make this algorithm less sensitive to the presence of the noise. The second constraint related to the trace of a form on each cut of the examination, called upon three types of traces called: related, lacunar and pains. The introduction of these three types of traces mitigates the disadvantages which the diversity of the segmented forms presents. A system of alert was developed, detecting the presence of aberrant traces at the time of execution of the algorithm. This approach makes it possible to return the method of growth the more robust type of areas thanks to the utilisation of knowledge attached a priori to the forms to segment. My work was first validated on synthetic images, then on clinical problems. A study of precision was carried out on these images by having for objective to increase the robustness of the algorithm vis-à-vis not very disparate forms
Madra, Anna. "Analyse et visualisation de la géométrie des matériaux composites à partir de données d’imagerie 3D." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2387/document.
The subject of the thesis project between Laboratoire Roberval at Université de Technologie Compiègne and Center for High-Performance Composites at Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal considered the design of a deep learning architecture with semantics for automatic generation of models of composite materials microstructure based on X-ray microtomographic imagery. The thesis consists of three major parts. Firstly, the methods of microtomographic image processing are presented, with an emphasis on phase segmentation. Then, the geometric features of phase elements are extracted and used to classify and identify new morphologies. The method is presented for composites filled with short natural fibers. The classification approach is also demonstrated for the study of defects in composites, but with spatial features added to the process. A high-level descriptor "defect genome" is proposed, that permits comparison of the state o defects between specimens. The second part of the thesis introduces structural segmentation on the example of woven reinforcement in a composite. The method relies on dual kriging, calibrated by the segmentation error from learning algorithms. In the final part, a stochastic formulation of the kriging model is presented based on Gaussian Processes, and distribution of physical properties of a composite microstructure is retrieved, ready for numerical simulation of the manufacturing process or of mechanical behavior
Terrasse, Rachel. "Transmission hétérosexuelle de HIV : visualisation et modélisation de l'infection de la muqueuse génitale féminine." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00981483.
Fabry, Thomas. "Planification visuelle et interactive d'interventions dans des environnements d'accélérateur de particules émettant des rayonnements ionisants." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01060156.
Gélard, William. "Modélisation 3D et suivi visuel pour caractériser le phénotype de variétés de tournesol." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30207/document.
The constant increasing food and energy demand in the world associated to global warming and climate change issues, pushed the researchs in plant breeding to move towards the improvement of crops performance and development of a more sustainable agriculture. To meet these demands, the effort made by the researchers were focused on the development of high-throughput genotyping methods (i.e., the study of genome sequence of plants) and allowed the biologists to indentified the genotypes of a large amount of plants. Moreover, understanding the relationships that link the genotypes (DNA) to the phenotypes (visual characteristics) that evolve according environmental conditions like: light, water, drought, heat, etc. has become a main issue in agricultural research. While the genotyping methods were rapidly improved and automatized during the last decade, the phenotyping methods remain manual, sometimes destructive and non-replicable. The usual phenotyping methods consist to measure certain visual parameters of a plant such as: main stem heigh, number of leaves, leaf initiation angle or leaf area, but more importantly, be able to follow these parameters along the plant growth. Consequently, the number of plants to harvest is very important and the measurements are extremely time-consuming. The emergence and reliability of new technologies in computer vision and robotic have led the researchers to take an interest in them and to seek how they can be used in plant science. The thesis is focused on the design, development and validation of a high-throughput phenotyping method design for sunflower plant with an eye to amplify phenotyping capacities by Agronomists and Geneticists (and later varieties evaluators and seed producers). The aim is to improve, modernize and automatize the current phenotyping methods as a way to help the plant scientists to collect a large amount of data. Motivated by the wish to perform high-throughput plant phenotyping, we propose a 3D approach to automatically extract visual characteristics of sunflower plants grown in pot. First, a 3D point cloud of a plant is acquired with classical Structure-from-Motion techniques. A segmentation step is then proceeded to retrieve the main stem and the leaves. With the intention of following the visual characteristics during the plant growth, especially, the leaf area expansion rate of each leaf, a labelling step relying on the botanical model of a plant is performed to affect them a unique label that will not change over time. Finally, the visual characteristics are extracted and results obtained on sunflower plants demonstrate the efficiency of our method and make it an encouraging step toward high-throughput plant phenotyping
Valet, Nathalie. "Aide au diagnostic cardiovasculaire par superposition en 2 et 3D des images de coronarographie et tomoscintigraphie : segmentation de l'arbre coronaire et représentation 3D." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL042N.
This work contributes to the conception of a diagnosis aid tool for coronary diseases. Currently, this diagnosis is done with two exams (coronarography, tomoscintigraphy) providing two complementary information: the arteries anatomy and the myocardium perfusion. The aim is creating a new multi-modal image showing clearly the link between both information (stenosis and ischemia) by registrating and superimposing data both in 2D and 3D. The first part deals with the automatic segmentation of arteries on coronarography in order to distingllish vessels of each side. Then, the related perfusion data is superimposed in 2D. The second part proposes an algorithm free from any acquisition systems dimensions as we use registration results. Using homologous points, arteries are 3D-reconstructed and the patient schematic tree is superimposed on his perfusion volume. This way, the link between stenosis and perfusion is clearly shown. Tests have been done on a phantom and nine patients