Дисертації з теми "Visualisation de l'espace chimique"
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Pikalyova, Regina. "Chémoinformatique des chimiothèques à codage ADN : design, génération in silico, gestion, analyse, et comparaison." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAF032.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is dedicated to the generation of the virtual space of 2.5K DNA-encoded libraries and its detailed structural and property chemoinformatic analysis. GTM-based methodologies allowing to quickly compare and select optimal DELs out of thousands of possible ones based on the structural or property similarity to a reference database were developed. The problem of combinatorial compound enumeration was addressed by developing a highly performant deep learning model capable of predicting the position of a compound on the GTM based solely on its building blocks and reactions, skipping compound enumeration. Machine learning models allowing to predict the reactivity of building blocks and activity of DEL compounds were created. The latter coupled with GTM visualization, allowed to rationalize and facilitate the reagent selection for DEL synthesis and hit prioritization
Almeida, Rodrigo Andrade Botelho de. "Contribution aux techniques pour enrichir l'espace moteur et l'espace visuel des dispositifs d'interaction bureautique." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555505.
Повний текст джерелаGilormini, Pierre-André. "Nouvelles stratégies chimiques pour la visualisation et la compréhension des mécanismes de sialylation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10150/document.
Повний текст джерелаGlycans are essential biomolecules found in every living system. The recent advent of chemical biology paved the way for great advances in glycobiology such as metabolic glycan engineering (MGE). This strategy consists in the use of a modified monosaccharide, the chemical reporter, which can enter the cell and hijack the metabolic pathway. Upon incorporation, the introduced chemical reporter detection is achieved in a specific manner through bioorthogonal ligation. The present work aims to study sialic acids, which are often found at the outermost position of glycan chains:(i) we developed an original MGE-based strategy, using two different chemical reporters, each one being an analog of products from different steps of the biosynthetic pathway. This sequential bioorthogonal dual strategy (SBDS) has provided new insights in the entry mechanisms of both sialic acid and its precursor N-acetylmannosamine. (ii) we introduced chemically modified sialic acids, but, this time in an exo-enzymatic way, with specific glycosyltransferases (sialyltransferases) onto soluble glycoproteins or living cells. Before being transferred, sialic acids need to be activated as CMP-sialic acids which are very unstable and prone to decomposition. 31P NMR was used to optimize the production of ready-to-use CMP-sialic acids providing a versatile, simple and reproducible procedure. Natural and/or unnatural CMP-sialic acids have then proven to be great tools for the study and characterization of different enzymes. More than just a tool-box, this work describes some direct applications of our chemical tools to unravel cellular pathways, enzymatic reactions, or even biosynthesis defects
Kuenemann, Mélaine. "Etude de l'espace chimique des modulateurs d'interactions protéine-protéine et leurs applications en chimie biologie." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC215.
Повний текст джерелаProtein-protein interactions (PPI) represent a wealth of potential therapeutic targets. However targeting them with synthetic compounds represent a major challenge. The aim of this thesis was to find a way to overcome these challenges by studying the physicochemical profile of PPI inhibitors (aka chemical space). We firstly manually collected structures, pharmacological and physicochemical profiles of inhibitors of PPI (iPPI) in a database named iPPI-DB. Then, we identified new iPPI properties to favour and that did not preclude further drug development. Indeed, 4 descriptors were found specific to iPPI and that do not rely on the hydrophobicity and on the size. They represent either the 3D shape of the compounds or the distribution of their hydrophobic/hydrophilic interacting regions. This opens new ways to design and select iPPI. In a second analysis, we further validated these properties on larger datasets and address the disparity between PPI families. We could demonstrate that comparable classes of PPI targets can identified using separately their target- or their ligand-space. This analysis may help to prioritize the desired physicochemical properties of iPPI using class-specific profiles. Finally, using a combination virtual screening and cell viability assay, we were able to identify 6 compounds that inhibit the interaction between TRAIL and DR5 implied in HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
Ould-Hademine, Elhhousseine. "Etude expérimentale des structures d'écoulement dans l'espace rotor-stator d'un moteur électrique rapide de type ouvert." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2282.
Повний текст джерелаAlmeida, Rodrigo Andrade Botelho de. "Contribution aux techniques pour enrichir l'espace moteur et l'espace visuel des dispositifs d'interaction bureautique." Phd thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2009. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00555505.
Повний текст джерелаDe nombreux travaux ont montré que, à l'origine des limitations de l'interaction bureautique, il y a un manque à la fois d'espace moteur et d'espace visuel. Cette thèse explore des moyens pour optimiser l'usage de ces espaces. D'une part, à partir du constat que l'on contrôle la position et l'orientation d'un objet par un geste naturel, cette thèse étudie les bénéfices que peut offrir une souris dotée d'un capteur de rotation. Cette "souris rotative" permet à l'utilisateur de maîtrise avec aisance trois variables continues d'une tâche informatique. Un état de l'art présente des aspects perceptifs et moteurs des actions en question et les particularités ergonomiques et techniques d'un tel dispositif. Deux techniques d'interaction - visant à faciliter des tâches métier récurrentes- sont proposées : le réglage "quasi-intégral" et la "palette satellitaire". Par ailleurs, une évaluation expériemntale compare la performance d'une souris rotative avec celle d'une souris traditionnelle. D'autre part, ce travail se penche sur les questions de la visualisation de documents dans le contexte des bibliothèques numériques. D'abord, il examine l'apport et la faisabilité technique de l'utilisation d'un dispositif d'affichage immersif pour la navigation dans un catalogue de titres virtuel. Puis, afin de faciliter l'inspection massive d'un lot de pages numérisées, il avance des techniques de visualisation zoomables et multifocales. Ces dernières permettent, dans une recherche d'anomalies, de saisir vite les carctéristiques visuelles de quelques centaines de pages. Et cela grâce à un va-et-vient entre la vue d'ensemble et la navigation panoramique des détails
Couillaud, Julie. "The terpene mini-path : nouvel accès aux terpènes et exploration de l'espace chimique par une cascade enzymatique originale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0188.
Повний текст джерелаTo date, terpenoids form the most abundant and diversified class of natural products with more than 80,000 compounds whose structural, biological (antibiotic, anticancer, antimalarial, etc.) and physicochemical (flavor, fragrance, dye, etc.) properties hold the attention of the scientific community. However, their access is limited because of the low available quantity by extraction from natural sources; an often expensive and laborious chemical synthesis; and long biosynthetic pathways. By combining bioinformatic, statistical, biochemical and molecular biology approaches, we have developed the « Terpene mini-path », with only two enzymatic steps, as a synthetic and potentially bio-sourced alternative to access DMAPP and IPP, universal precursors of terpenes. This new artificial pathway allowed the synthesis of various natural and unnatural terpenoids, such as cyclobutylic derivatives, in the absence of any metabolic and enzymatic engineering. The mini-path provides thus an easy access to all terpenoids and represents an attractive new biosynthetic tool to explore the diversity of the terpene chemical space
Pondrom, Marc. "Sondage dans l'infrarouge thermique (TIR), l'infrarouge courte longueur d'onde (SWIR), et synergie TIR-SWIR pour l'observation de la composition troposphérique depuis l'espace." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066335.
Повний текст джерелаThanks to the development of a new generation of instruments such as IMG (spectral resolution of 0. 1 cm-1), AIRS (spectral resolution of 1 cm-1), IASI (spectral resolution of 0. 5 cm-1) and GOSAT (spectral resolution of 0. 4 cm-1), the potential of sounding the tropospheric composition from space in the thermal infrared has improved considerably. In the thermal infrared profiles of tropospheric trace gases can be retrieved day and night (with or without reflected/backscattered solar photons) with more than one piece of information for an instrument with a spectral resolution of about 0. 1 cm-1. When the reflected/backscattered solar flux is measured in the shortwave infrared (SWIR), only a total column can be derived. The TIR-SWIR is thus potentially very interesting as the TIR provides information on the vertical distribution (with a small sensitivity near the surface) and the SWIR provides a precise total column (without clouds and only in the daylight). The goal of this PhD work is to quantify by simulation using a radiative transfer model and an adequate inversion scheme (based on the optimal estimation method) the performances of the TIR-SWIR combination for different species – carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH4) – and different instrument characteristics (signal to noise ratio, spectral resolution…)
Blanquer, Sébastien. "Synthèses et étude de nouveaux copolymères pour la visualisation de dispositifs médicaux en imagerie par résonance magnétique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20003/document.
Повний текст джерелаMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is currently the visualization technique that surgeons preferentially choose. However this technique does not allow the visualization of polymer-based prosthesis, whether they are degradable or not. In order to best assess adhesion, tissue integration and the future of implantation of these polymer prosthesis, it would be advisable to make them visible in IRM. This work presents the conception and the synthesis of biocompatible copolymers visible in IRM meant to be implanted under the form of prosthesis for temporary or permanent applications. Using the chemical modification in alpha position of ester function, previously described by our laboratory, we grafted a gadolinium chelate, in a covalent way and forming a stable bond on PCL (degradable) and PMA (non degradable) backbone. Gadolinium was then complexed by DTPA previously grafted. Those new copolymers were characterized with NMR and SEC, and the rate of gadolinium was assessed by ICP-MS. MRI images were taken in vitro and in vivo on devices containing 7-Teslas (research) and 1,5 Teslas (clinical) magnets. These images show a poly(propylene) mesh coated with grafted copolymer containing complex gadolinium which is visible in MRI. It will consequently improve the prospects of applications for this kind of MRI-visible compound
Wadi, Hicham. "Géométrie globale du transport dans l'espace des phases (Systèmes à deux degrés de liberté) : application à l'étude de la réactivité chimique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10239.
Повний текст джерелаAlexandre, Stéphane. "Les cycles enzymatiques : leur fonctionnement simultane ou alterne dans l'espace ou dans le temps." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066012.
Повний текст джерелаKayastha, Shilva. "New methods of multiscale chemical space analysis : visualization of structure-activity relationships and structural pattern extraction." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF042/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis presents studies devoted to aid in systematic analysis of chemical spaces, focusing on mining and visualization of structure-activity relationships (SARs). It reports some new analysis protocols, combining both existing and on-purpose developed novel methodology to address both large-scale and local SAR analysis. Large-scale analysis featured both generative topographic mapping (GTM)-based extraction of privileged structural motifs and scaffold analysis. GTM was combined with chemical space network (CSN) to develop a visualization tool providing global-local views of SAR in large data sets. We also introduce star coordinates (STC) to visualize multi-property space and prioritize drug-like subspaces. Local SAR monitoring includes new strategies to predict activity cliffs using support vector machine models and a study of structural modifications on ionization state of compounds. The SAR matrix methodology was applied to objectively evaluate SAR progression during lead optimization
Sidorov, Pavel. "Analysis of the chemical space of antimalarial compounds by generative topographie mapping." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF050/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is dedicated to the concept of the analysis of chemical space, and the application of thatconcept to antimalarial compounds. The analysis of the chemical space of antimalarial compoundshere is done with the aid of the Generative Topographic Mapping (GTM) method. A concept ofUniversal GTM maps is developed and discussed in detail in this thesis: these are maps that areable to accommodate different datasets and associated properties. Three types of maps are builtand analyzed: local, global, and universal. All these maps perform well in predicting compoundsactive against the parasite, as well as in the analysis of chemical space: they help us to study theoverlap of data coming from different sources, detect terra incognita of the antimalarial space,delineate zones corresponding to various mechanisms of action, as well as highlight theinconsistencies in data annotations
Bako, Maria. "Utilisation de l'ordinateur pour le développemnt de la vision spatiale." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30041.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to decide that the computer programs can help in improvement of spatial intelligence. At first we examined that the computer programs could replace the models in the education, or not. The aim of the first experiment was to compare the result of tests based on programs and models about plane sections. The result indicates that it is not enough to rattle off the solutions, but students need to work up the computer-generated answers to burn into their mind. To improve the student's spatial abilities we prepared several programs to generate different kinds of spatial problems, and correct their answers. The programs generating the tests were written in Javascript and were embedded in the source of the HTML pages, as well the routines of checking. Our experiments show by using these programs the students' results are getting better and better, so we can improve their spatial intelligence, moreover the students like to use computer programs to study spatial geometry
Roche, Cloé. "Étude des concentrations et de la composition des PM₁₀ sur le littoral du Nord de la France : Evaluation des contributions maritimes de l'espace Manche-Mer du Nord." Thesis, Littoral, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DUNK0514/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Nord-Pas-de-Calais region is one of the most concerned areas in France by exceedance of the PM₁₀ mean daily limit value (50 µg m-³). The particulate atmospheric background level can also be high on the coastal zone, despite the absence of any urban and industrial sources at its vicinity. Numerous studies have been performed regarding those sources, but there is still a lack of knowledge about the impact of emissions resulting from the marine compartment, including natural emissions (sea salts) and anthropogenic emissions (maritime traffic). Two measurement campaigns have been achieved, in 2013 at Cape Gris-Nez and in the first trimester 2014, simultaneously at Cape Gris-Nez and in the harbour of Calais. Concentrations of PM₁₀ were recorded and chemical composition was determined (metals, water soluble ions, Ec, OC, organic tracers). In 2013, the evolutions of PM₁₀ levels at Cape Gris-Nez and in the region similar, reflecting the atmospheric background fluctuation. NO₃-, OC, SO₄²-, CI-, Na⁺ and NH₄⁺ were found as the major species and correspond to 69% of PM₁₀ mass. The proportion of these species evolves depending on the season and the meteorological conditions (temperature, wind speed and direction). High PM₁₀ concentration situations are characterized by high proportion of ammonium nitrate. Data collected in Calais show that maritime traffic emissions increase the number of ultrafine particles in the atmosphere. Under this influence, NOx and SO₂ concentrations are higher, as those of V, Ni and Co, species that could be used as maritime traffic tracers. 10 sources were identified and apportioned by matrix factorization. In average, in 2013 at Cape Gris-Nez, 41% of PM₁₀ come from secondary inorganic aerosols, 37% from sea salts and 10% from biomass combustion. This last contribution can reach 17% in winter. Maritime traffic represents a higher contribution to PM₁₀ than road traffic, 5% against 2%
Houcine, Imed. "Étude du mélange dans une cuve agitée de taille pilote par conductimétrie et visualisation par nappe laser couplée à un traitement d'images : application à la précipitation de l'oxalate de calcium." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL040N.
Повний текст джерелаLewon, Ivan. "Simulation par éléments finis du comportement mécanique d'un échangeur à plaques : conception et validation d'un logiciel métier." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10134.
Повний текст джерелаMithalal, Joris. "Déconstruction instrumentale et déconstruction dimensionnelle dans le contexte de la géométrie dynamique tridimensionnelle." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00590941.
Повний текст джерелаWahl, François. "Un environnement d'aide aux ingénieurs basé sur une architecture en tâches et sur un module de visualisation de courbes. Application à la conception de procédés de raffinage." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529958.
Повний текст джерелаRenault, Olivier. "Oxydes diélectriques en couches minces pour écrans de visualisation à plasma : synthèse sur de grandes surfaces par aérosol-CVD et étude des propriétés microstructurales et physiques." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0149.
Повний текст джерелаGaspar, Héléna Alexandra. "Cartography of chemical space." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF030/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is dedicated to the cartography of chemical space; our goal is to establish the foundations of a tool offering a complete overview of a chemical dataset, including visualization, activity prediction, and comparison of very large datasets. In this work, we introduce new QSAR models (quantitative structure-activity relationship) based on the GTM method (generative topographic mapping), introduced by C. Bishop et al. A part of this thesis is dedicated to the visualization and analysis of large chemical libraries using the incremental version of GTM. We also introduce a new method coined “Stargate GTM” or S-GTM, which allows us to travel from the space of chemical descriptors to activity space and vice versa; this approach was applied to activity profile prediction and inverse QSAR
Moreno, Villavicencio Maiglid Andreina. "Development of 3D high-resolution imaging of complex devices by the correlation of ToF-SIMS and AFM." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI122.
Повний текст джерелаThe continuous miniaturization and complexity of devices have pushed existing nano-characterization techniques to their limits. The correlation of techniques has then become an attractive solution to keep providing precise and accurate characterization. With the aim of overcoming the existing barriers for the 3D high-resolution imaging at the nanoscale, we have focused our research on creating a protocol to combine time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) with atomic force microscopy (AFM). This combination permits the correlation of the composition in 3-dimensions with the maps of topography and other local properties provided by the AFM. Three main results are achieved through this methodology: a topography-corrected 3D ToF-SIMS data set, maps of local sputter rate where the effect of roughness and vertical interfaces are seen and overlays of the ToF-SIMS and AFM advanced information. The application fields of the ToF-SIMS and AFM combined methodology can be larger than expected. Indeed, four different applications are discussed in this thesis. The procedure to obtain the topography-corrected 3D data sets was applied on a GaAs / SiO2 patterned structure whose initial topography and composition with materials of different sputter rates create a distortion in the classical 3D chemical visualization. The protocol to generate sputter rate maps was used on samples with structured and non-structured nano-areas in order to study the possible ToF-SIMS sputtering artefacts, especially the geometric shadowing effect. Finally, we have explored the combination of ToF-SIMS analysis with three AFM advanced modes: piezoresponse force microcopy (PFM), scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) and scanning spreading resistance microscopy (SSRM). Specifically, two main applications were studied: the chemical modification during electrical stress of a piezoelectic thin film and the recovery of initial electrical characteristics of a sample subjected to Ga implantation during FIB preparation. Technical aspects of the methodology will be discussed for each application and the perspectives of this combination will be given
Cordeil, Maxime. "Exploration et exploitation de l'espace de conception des transitions animées en visualisation d'information." Phd thesis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00976672.
Повний текст джерелаRousseau, Olivier. "Accélération de l'exploration de l'espace chimique du cytochrome P450 BM3 par des méthodes de criblage à haut débit et bio-informatiques." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21949.
Повний текст джерелаMalric, Philippe. "Prédiction et visualisation de la réactivité chimique des ARN. Proposition d’un modèle basé sur la réactivité : des cycles minimaux et des sous-structures composées de ces cycles." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22275.
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