Готові списки джерел за темами / Visual work load

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Visual work load"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Visual work load"

Wang, Xueke, Steven A. Lavender, and Carolyn Sommerich. "The Effects of Load Stability and Visual Access During Asymmetric Lifting Tasks on Back and Upper Extremity Biomechanical Responses." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 61, no. 5 (December 6, 2018): 712–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720818814107.

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Objective: To explore the change of muscular and biomechanical responses in different load stability and visual access conditions during an asymmetric lifting task. Background: Previous studies found that lifting unstable loads resulted in changes to the biomechanical loads experienced by the spine and upper extremities. However, researchers have not extensively investigated behaviors when people lift potentially unstable loads. It was hypothesized that lifting a potentially unstable load can lead to changes in lifting behavior, which may be mitigated by visual access to the load. Method: Fourteen volunteers lifted either a stable load or a potentially unstable load that could move within the container during the lifting task. In half of the lifting conditions, the box was covered to restrict visual access when lifting. Spine kinematic and kinetic measures and surface electromyographic (EMG) signals from back, shoulder, and arm muscles were obtained. Results: Lifts of the stable load were faster and generally had higher peak muscle activations than lifts of the potentially unstable load. Participants had less spine flexion when handling the potentially unstable load without visual access. Conclusion: When lifting and moving a potentially unstable load that could lead to a perturbation, people tended to lift the container more slowly comparing with lifting a stable load, which in turn reduced the peak muscle activities. Application: In industry, there are many work situations where workers need to lift or carry unstable loads that can shift during transport. Providing visual access to the load may help mitigate some of these effects.

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Dampuré, Julien, Abdelrhani Benraiss, and Nicolas Vibert. "Modulation of parafoveal word processing by cognitive load during modified visual search tasks." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 7 (November 14, 2018): 1805–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021818811123.

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During visual search for simple items, the amount of information that can be processed in parafoveal vision depends on the cognitive resources that are available. However, whether this applies to the semantic processing of words remains controversial. This work was designed to manipulate simultaneously two sources of cognitive load to study their impact on the depth of parafoveal word processing during a modified visual search task. The participants had to search for target words among parafoveally presented semantic, orthographic or target-unrelated distractor words while their electroencephalogram was recorded. The task-related load was manipulated by either giving target words in advance (literal task) or giving only a semantic clue to define them (categorical task). The foveal load was manipulated by displaying either a word or hash symbols at the centre of the screen. Parafoveal orthographic and semantic distractors had an impact on the early event-related potential component P2a only in the literal task and when hash symbols were displayed at the fovea, i.e., when both the task-related and foveal loads were low. The data show that all sources of cognitive load must be considered to understand how parafoveal words are processed in visual search contexts.

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Nishimoto, Norihito, Hideo Jingu, Mirai Narabe, Keiko Kasamatsu, Yukiko Tanikawa, and Shin'ichi Fukuzumi. "2C2-3 Colors of Visual Display Tenninals Effect ofMental Work Load(2)." Japanese Journal of Ergonomics 49, Supplement (2013): S326—S327. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.49.s326.

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Roessger, Peter. "Visual Load Induced by in Car Office Applications." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 21 (July 2000): 3–447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004402118.

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With the integration of more features, driver-information-systems (DIS) in automobiles are getting more and more complex. The additional integration of online functionality turn DIS into CarPCs. Here the possibilities of the computer-world meet the restrictions of the vehicle-world. The interaction with the systems distracts capacities from driving. Due to inappropriate human machine interface design the visual channel is overloaded while using DIS or CarPCs. A usability study was conducted. The data shows, that the presentation of visual information is critical. A CarPC was developed. The human machine interface was designed under human factors criteria. The use of the system will lead to a reduced visual load of the driver. Further work has to be done.

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Ishihara, Shin'ya, and Masaru Miyao. "Visual load of VDT work using a new type of 3-dimensional display." Japanese journal of ergonomics 34, Supplement (1998): 510–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.34.supplement_510.

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NARABE, Miki, Keiko KASAMATSU, Norihito NISHIMOTO, Hideo JINGU, Yukiko TANIKAWA, and Shinichi FUKUZUMI. "2C2-2 Colors of Visual Display Terminals Effect of Mental Work Load (1)." Japanese Journal of Ergonomics 49, Supplement (2013): S324—S325. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.49.s324.

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Widana, I. K., Ni Wayan Sumetri, and I. Ketut Sutapa. "Ergo-physiological Work Station Reduces Cardiovascular Load and Visual Complaints of Carved Artists." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1569 (July 2020): 032035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1569/3/032035.

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Sithole, Seedwell, Ragini Datt, Paul de Lange, and Meredith Tharapos. "Learning accounting through visual representations." Accounting Research Journal 34, no. 4 (May 18, 2021): 365–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-06-2018-0100.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of diagrammatic visualisation techniques versus sentential learning contexts in an accounting subject using the theoretical lens of cognitive load theory (CLT). Design/methodology/approach The present study used four groups of students; two groups completed a task using diagrammatic visualisation learning materials, with one of the groups undertaking their leaning activities collaboratively and another on an individual basis, whereas two comparison groups were given a sentential learning context without diagrams, with one group undertaking their leaning activities collaboratively and the other individually. In addition to performance grades, cognitive load self-report scores were also elicited from participants. Findings The findings of this study indicate support for diagrammatic visualisation techniques for students working collaboratively. Compared with sentential learners, the authors find significantly improved test performance for students who work collaboratively in a diagrammatic visualisation environment. Students in the visualisation environments obtained higher grades than those in the sentential group. In terms of mental effort, students in the visualisation conditions reported the lowest cognitive load. Practical implications The authors conclude that diagrammatic visualisation learning techniques enhance student performance outcomes, particularly for those who work collaboratively. CLT assists in the understanding of the mental processes involved in learning. Instructional designers need to consider CLT when developing diagrammatic visualisation material to enable students to obtain the best possible learning outcomes. Originality/value This study addresses a gap in the literature by examining the use of diagrammatic visualisation materials as an alternative to text when learning accounting. The study explores the effect of visualisation material on students’ cognitive load by analysing their mental effort. The study contributes useful findings on visualisation as a conduit to enhancing the understanding of accounting using CLT principles.

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Morgan, Helen M., Christoph Klein, Stephan G. Boehm, Kimron L. Shapiro, and David E. J. Linden. "Working Memory Load for Faces Modulates P300, N170, and N250r." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 20, no. 6 (June 2008): 989–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.20072.

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We used event-related potential (ERP) methodology to examine neural activity associated with visual working memory (WM) for faces. There were two main goals. First, to extend previous findings of P300 load modulation to WM for faces. Second, to examine whether N170 and N250r are also influenced by WM load. Between one and four unfamiliar faces were simultaneously presented for memory encoding. After a 1-sec delay, a target face appeared, and participants had to judge whether this face was part of the previous face array. P300 amplitude decreased as WM load increased, and this P300 suppression was observed at both encoding and retrieval. WM load was also found to modulate other ERPs. The amplitude of the N170 elicited by the target face decreased with load, and this N170 decrease leveled off at load 2, reflecting the behavioral WM capacity of around two faces. In addition, the N250r, observed as an ERP difference for target faces that were present in the encoding array relative to target faces that were absent, was also reduced for higher WM loads. These findings extend previous work by showing that P300 modulation by WM load also occurs for faces. Furthermore, we show, for the first time, that WM load affects the N250r and the early visual N170 component. This suggests that higher visual areas play an important role in WM for faces.

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Eggemeier, F. Thomas, and John R. Amell. "Visual Probability Monitoring: Effects of Display Load and Signal Discriminability." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 30, no. 1 (September 1986): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128603000116.

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The Criterion Task Set (CTS) is a standardized battery of loading tasks developed for application to a variety of performance assessment problems, including evaluations of workload metrics and the effects of stressors on performance. One feature of the CTS that facilitates its application is a set of guidelines that specify standard loading levels for manipulation of difficulty on each task. This standardization is necessary for comparative evaluations of workload metrics and stressors, and therefore represents an essential feature of the CTS. The baseline version of the CTS includes nine primary loading tasks that represent a range of information processing functions. Perceptual input and stimulus identification functions are represented in the CTS by the Probability Monitoring (PM) task, which requires that subjects detect the occurrence of signals on a visual display. The PM display includes a variable number of dials, each consisting of a pointer that moves randomly with respect to a center reference mark. When a signal occurs, pointer movement becomes nonrandom or biased, such that a disproportionate number of moves occurs on one side of the reference mark. Difficulty of the task can be manipulated by varying the display load (number of dials) or the discriminability of the signals (Shingledecker, 1984). Signal discriminability is varied by changes in the percentage of movements that occur on the biased side of the center reference. Previous work has indicated that a 95% bias can be more readily detected than an 85% bias, and that the latter is more rapidly detected than a 75% bias. Current work with the CTS involves continued evaluation and refinement of tasks from the baseline version of the battery. The present work evaluated the effect of display load and signal discriminability in an updated version of the PM task. The new version incorporated a faster pointer movement rate (5 moves per second) than had been used in the previous task. This change was implemented to permit inclusion of more signals per experimental session than had been possible with the baseline version of the task. Since the new version differed substantially from its predecessor, the present study was conducted to evaluate the need to specify new standard loading levels for the task.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Visual work load"

Wahlström, Jens. "Physical load, psychosocial and individual factors in visual display unit work /." Stockholm : Arbetslivsinstitutet, 2003. http://ebib.arbetslivsinstitutet.se/ah/2003/ah2003_10.pdf.

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Gieshoff, Anne Catherine [Verfasser]. "The impact of audio-visual speech on work-load in simultaneous interpreting / Anne Catherine Gieshoff." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1165186543/34.

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Книги з теми "Visual work load"

The Lord of the Rings complete visual companion. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2004.

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Dr, Cheshire Jim, and Thomas Julia 1971-, eds. Tennyson transformed: Alfred Lord Tennyson and visual culture. Farnham, Surrey, UK: Lund Humphries, 2009.

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Fisher, Jude. The lord of the rings: The two towers : visual companion. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002.

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The Lord of the rings: The two towers : visual companion. London: HarperCollins, 2002.

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Tolkien, J. R. R. 1892-1973. and Tolkien, J. R. R. 1892-1973., eds. The lord of the rings: The fellowship of the ring : visual companion. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001.

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Reilly, Diane. The Cistercian Reform and the Art of the Book in Twelfth-Century France. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462985940.

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This book is a study of the programmatic oral performance of the written word and its impact on art and text. Communal singing and reading of the Latin texts that formed the core of Christian ritual and belief consumed many hours of the Benedictine monk's day. These texts-read and sung out loud, memorized, and copied into manuscripts-were often illustrated by the very same monks who participated in the choir liturgy. The meaning of these illustrations sometimes only becomes clear when they are read in the context of the texts these monks heard read. The earliest manuscripts of Cîteaux, copied and illuminated at the same time that the new monastery's liturgy was being reformed, demonstrate the transformation of aural experience to visual and textual legacy.

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Martin, Philip. Prologue. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808022.003.0001.

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Mohammed, a 30-year-old Pakistani farmer with a primary school education, paid $4,000 to get a construction job in Saudi Arabia that paid $400 a month. Mohammed did not have the $4,000 to buy a work visa and pay agent fees and transportation costs, so he mortgaged his land, hoping to repay the loan with some of the $9,600 he expected to earn in Saudi Arabia over two years. With uncertain Pakistani earnings of $100 a month and a wife and four children to support, working abroad seemed the fastest way to achieve upward mobility at home, even if half of the expected extra income from working abroad went to recruiters and other components of the migration infrastructure....

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Forshaw, Joseph, and William Cooper. Pigeons and Doves in Australia. CSIRO Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486304042.

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Possibly the most successful urban birds, pigeons and doves in the Order Columbiformes are one of the most easily recognised groups. They are an ancient and very successful group with an almost worldwide distribution and are most strongly represented in tropical and subtropical regions, including Australia. In most species simple plumage patterns feature mainly grey and brown with black, white or dull reddish markings, but the highly colourful fruit-doves include some of the most beautiful of all birds. From dense rainforests of north Queensland, where brilliantly plumaged Superb Fruit-Doves Ptilinopus superbus are heard more easily than seen, to cold, windswept heathlands of Tasmania, where Brush Bronzewings Phaps elegans are locally common, most regions of Australia are frequented by one or more species. For more than a century after arrival of the First Fleet, interest in these birds focused on the eating qualities of larger species. In addition to contributing to declines of local populations in some parts of Australia, excessive hunting brought about the extinction of two species on Lord Howe Island and another species on Norfolk Island. In Pigeons and Doves in Australia, Joseph Forshaw and William Cooper have summarised our current knowledge of all species, including those occurring on Christmas, Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands, and with superb artwork have given readers a visual appreciation of the birds in their natural habitats. Historical accounts of extinct species are also included. Detailed information on management practices for all species is presented, ensuring that Pigeons and Doves in Australia will become the standard reference work on these birds for ornithologists and aviculturists. Winner of a 2015 Whitley Awards Certificate of Commendation for Illustrated Text.

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Lord Hall, Joan. Sexual Desire and Romantic Love in Shakespeare. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474488563.001.0001.

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This book, which refers to every play in the canon as well as to Shakespeare’s narrative poems and several sonnets, begins by exploring how the signifier ‘will’ denotes sexual desire within Shakespearean contexts. Unlike earlier treatments of sexuality in Shakespeare’s work, Joan Lord Hall’s study deals fully with how his plays and poems treat the issue of rape and sexual coercion—the potential violence of male desire. After exploring the dark side of ‘will’, the book analyses the playwright’s critique of idealistic Petrarchan and Neoplatonic conceptions of love that tend to bypass sexual desire. It also covers Shakespeare’s sceptical approach to ‘fancy’: infatuation driven by visual attraction. Central chapters discuss ways in which Shakespeare’s plays reflect early modern views on the role of sex and love in marriage, and they assess in greater detail than ever before how these texts show heterosexual relationships challenged by homoerotic attraction and same-sex friendship. Finally, the book explores in depth incestuous currents in in the plays—the issue of sexual desire within the family. Its eight chapters provide a comprehensive, fresh understanding of how Shakespeare presents and to some extent reconciles two areas that are often polarized in the early modern period: sexual desire and romantic love.

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Частини книг з теми "Visual work load"

Aarås, Arne, G. Horgen, and M. Helland. "Can Visual Discomfort Influence on Muscle Pain and Muscle Load for Visual Display Unit (VDU) Workers?" In Ergonomics and Health Aspects of Work with Computers, 3–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73333-1_1.

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Horgen, Gunnar, Magne Helland, Tor Martin Kvikstad, and Arne Aarås. "Do the Luminance Levels of the Surroundings of Visual Display Units (VDU) and the Size of the Characters on the Screen Effect the Accommodation, the Muscle Load and Productivity During VDU Work?" In Ergonomics and Health Aspects of Work with Computers, 75–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73333-1_10.

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Wijeakumar, Sobanawartiny, and John Spencer. "A Dynamic Field Theory of Visual Working Memory." In Working Memory, 358–88. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842286.003.0013.

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The main objective of this chapter is to introduce concepts of dynamic field theory, a continuous attractor neural network, and its implementation of visual working memory. In dynamic field theory, working memory is an attractor state where representations are self-sustained through strong interactions between self-excitation and lateral inhibition. The chapter discusses a visual working memory model with fields represented by stabilized attractor states. Using this model, it demonstrates how encoding, consolidation, maintenance, and comparison occur in correct and incorrect, same and different trials in a change detection task. Further, the model captures accuracy and capacity limitations when visual working memory load is manipulated. Critically, the chapter reviews work from the authors’ research group by demonstrating how the model captures behavioural performance and makes haemodynamic predictions in early childhood, young adulthood, and older adulthood. Using the model, the chapter posits that developmental changes in visual working memory processing occur as a result of the modulation of strength and width of excitation and inhibition. Finally, the chapter describes how the dynamic field theory account compares with current views on a domain-general account and distributed nature of working memory processing.

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Chrobak, Małgorzata. "Władca Lewawu w lekturze ekokrytycznej." In Imaginautka zaangażowana. Twórczość i biografia Doroty Terakowskiej z perspektywy XXI wieku, 146–57. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego w Krakowie, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/9788380847460.11.

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Lord of the Lewaw [Władca Lewawu] in ecocritical reading Last year marked the 30th anniversary of the ‘actual debut’ of Dorota Terakowska in fantasy prose. According to Jolanta Ługowska, who wrote an excellent work devoted to the output of this great Cracow writer, Lord of the Lewaw [Władca Lewawu] is ‘a story about power and its mechanisms’. To put it more precisely, the story of Bartek-Ketrab was written during the period of Martial Law, but the publication was blocked for political reasons. Since its premiere in 1989, the work has been one of the required reading books, it attracts the attention of critics and is popular among readers. Its long-lasting presence in the circle of literary selection, encourages readers to reach for it again and reinterpret it using the latest tools of literary exploration, which is represented, for instance, by ecological humanities or ecocriticism. Such an approach is stimulated by certain ‘ecotraces’, which may be distinguished in Terakowska’s work. These include: the threat of an ecological disaster hanging over Cracow due to air pollution and the contamination of the Vistula River, a layer of dust and dirt, which destroys the historical buildings in the city, as well as an illusory ‘ecological paradise’, as Wokark is at first perceived by the hero. Also, providing the protagonist of Lord of the Lewaw with the awareness of negative environmental changes, as well as the process of emerging from the ennvironmental crisis, which is included in the novel, seem close to ecocritical literature.

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Bennett, Peggy D. "Sensory thresholds." In Teaching with Vitality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190673987.003.0061.

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Pet peeves about others’ behaviors are normal. When a particular behavior occurs daily in a classroom, however, it can drive a teacher (and students) to severe annoyance. The key to minimizing issues is remembering that our frenzy over someone’s quirky behavior is more often our problem than theirs. Our five senses function to orient us in the world, to give us information about what is happening outside our skin. Visual, auditory, kinesthetic, olfactory, and gustatory senses work constantly to feed us information. When we have a “sensory sensitivity,” we can become anxious and intolerant, often reaching our threshold quite quickly. Kinesthetic: leg jiggling, close proximity, itchy fabrics, touching and hugging, close talking, an uncomfortable chair, pain thresholds (squeezing a hand or shoulder), room temperature Auditory: gum popping, fingernails on metal or slate, loud throat clearing or chewing, scraping teeth on a fork, screech of tires and birds, loud talking, whispering, alarms and honking, pencil tapping Visual: messy desk, clashing colors, too much or too little decor, crooked picture frames, hair too long or too short, chairs not in alignment, too much light/ not enough light Olfactory: strong smells of raw onions, fish, sweat, old carpet, perfume Gustatory: texture and taste of squid, eggs, unbuttered toast The key to tolerance for our own sensory tipping points is to avoid blaming the offender. We acknowledge that these are our sensitivities, not everyone else’s. We choose wisely whether or not to reveal our sensitivities. Others often cannot imagine we have such strong aversions to sensations they like or do not even notice. And someone of any age may choose to use our sensitivities to rile us. Take a deep breath and minimize your response with a bit of private humor: “I’ll just move over here to give you a bit more room.” “I’m going to pretend I don’t hear that sound.” “I will not threaten to nail his shoe to the floor to stop his leg from jiggling!”

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A. Oakley, Paul, Ibrahim M. Moustafa, and Deed E. Harrison. "The Influence of Sagittal Plane Spine Alignment on Neurophysiology and Sensorimotor Control Measures: Optimization of Function through Structural Correction." In Therapy Approaches in Neurological Disorders. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95890.

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Increasingly, there is more attention being directed to the role that full spine sagittal alignment plays in causing or exacerbating a variety of musculoskeletal disorders. Similarly, spinal displacements, termed subluxation, are thought to cause dysfunctions in the entire neuromusculoskeletal system that may lead to altered neurophysiological function, abnormal sensorimotor control, and altered autonomic nervous system function. Abnormalities in neutral upright spine alignment (sagittal translation or flexion deformities) are known to increase mechanical loads (stresses and strains) on the central nervous system. These increased mechanical loads may subtly or overtly impair neurophysiological function as measured with evoked potentials in terms of latency and amplitudes of potentials. Proprioceptive afferentation from spine ligaments, muscles and discs are considered a major component of sensorimotor control. The voluminous mechanoreceptors in spinal muscles, ligaments, and discs plays an intimate role, providing the necessary neurophysiological input in a feed forward and feedback system for sensorimotor control via connections to the vestibular, visual and central nervous systems. Of particular interest, a network of neurophysiological connections between spine mechanoreceptors and the sympathetic nervous system has been documented. This chapter explores the hypothesis and evidence that restoring normal posture and spine alignment has important influences on neurophysiology, sensorimotor control and autonomic nervous system functionality. There is limited but high-quality research identifying that sagittal spine alignment restoration plays an important role in improving neurophysiology, sensorimotor control, and autonomic nervous system function. Accordingly, in the current chapter, we review this work in hopes of stimulating further investigations into structural rehabilitation of the spine and posture.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Visual work load"

Yuriko Hachiya, Harutoshi Ogai, Hiroko Okazaki, Takeshi Fujisaki, Kazuhiko Uchida, Susumu Oda, Futoshi Wada, and Koji Mori. "Fatigue evaluation for work load of Visual Display Terminals (VDT) operation." In 2007 International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccas.2007.4406654.

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Narmanlıoğlu, Haldun, and Azime Ayşenur Çelimli. "A Critical Reading on the Visual Production of Infodemic." In COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY CONGRESS. ISTANBUL AYDIN UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17932/ctcspc.21/ctc21.008.

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The problematic relationship between communication technologies and information is among the essential discussion topics of the academy. Concepts such as information bombardment, disinformation, and misinformation refer to incorrect, distorted, and corrupt information disseminated by means of communication. Unhealthy information and knowledge are seen as the biggest obstacle to the formation of a healthy public opinion. In the Covid 19 epidemic, which affects the whole world, the relationship between communication tools and information has come to the fore again. An "infodemic," which can be defined as "false, distorted information epidemic/pandemic," describes the truly distant information flowing to the public about the Covid 19 pandemic through different communication tools. On the other hand, today, visual images have become the most crucial source in disseminating information and the production of meaning. With digitalization, our daily life is shaped by an image-filled culture surrounded by artificial visuals more than ever before. The curiosity of this work is "How is infodemic produced through visual images?" It is based on the question. For this purpose, Twitter has been chosen as the research universe of important social networking sites. The study showed how the infodemia spread about Covid 19 vaccine in Turkey was produced visually on Twitter and analyzed with content analysis. The critical visual literacy method proposed by Douglas Kellner was adopted for analysis. In line with the suggestion of Kellner, the political, ideological, religious, and so on semantic load has been tried to be interpreted.

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Yoshida, Yasuo. "Visual Feedback Control of a Three-Dimensional Overhead Crane." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58138.

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Overhead cranes are used widely in various industrial fields. Crane transportation load must be transported for the work efficiency and safety to the destination without swinging. As a demand of highly precise and safety rises, automation is thought about as a method corresponding to lack of operator of mastery of skills. A transportation load of an overhead crane swings by a traveling acceleration change while doing up-and-down motion of a rope length change. It is necessary to measure this three-dimensional motion for swing suppression control. When it is installed in an overhead crane, a measurement sensor becomes complicated. In this paper, the trial stereovision device is manufactured which is a non-contact sensor, not an installation sensor and tried to control the overhead crane by vision feedback. The vision sensor is a stereovision device of four degree of freedom for tracking and gazing with two CCD cameras. A position measurement of a transportation load and an experiment of tracking control were done. The three-dimensional position of the transportation load is provided with CCD image data of two cameras, the focus distance, and four-vision device drive angles and is used for crane control. The vision device drive target angles that a point of intersection of two camera optical axes seems to always accord with the transportation load center is obtained using inverse kinematics. With these target angles, the control of tracking and gazing about the transportation load can be done. On the other hand, in an overhead crane model, using measured three-dimensional coordinate values, positioning and vibration suppression control of the transportation load was done. The overhead crane model consists of a trolley running on two perpendicular slide guide rails and a hoisting device of the transportation load. The overhead crane model has five degree of freedom, and they are x, y direction displacements of a trolley, a rope length, a swing angle, a swing direction angle. The variable rope length, the swing angle and the swing direction angle are calculated using the load position measured by the vision sensor. Variable digital gains of the trolley in consideration of the rope length change were pursued by this information, and overhead crane control was done. The experiment result of overhead crane control by vision feedback showed that the used control system was effective.

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Merkulova, A. G., S. A. Kalinina, and M. V. Skavronskaya. "FATIGUE ASSESSMENT OF THE VISUAL ANALYZER OF MULTIMONITOR SYSTEMS OPERATORS." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-350-354.

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Abstract: Introduction. Working at a computer is associated with an intense cognitive load and an increased load on the visual analyzer due to the peculiarities of the screen image transmission. From 60 to 90% of users suffer from computer visual syndrome, more than 40% experience visual discomfort. If it is necessary to use several software windows in the workplace, multimonitor systems are increasingly used, however, there is still no data on their effect on the visual analyzer. Research objective. Assessment of the state of the visual analyzer of multimonitor systems operators in the dynamics of the work shift. Materials and methods. The study involved 26 operators of multimonitor systems (age 36.7 ± 8.3 years, experience 5.8 ± 3.0 years). The assessment of labor intensity in accordance with the Guidelines R 2.2.2006-05 and ergonomic analysis of workplaces were carried out. The functional state of the visual analyzer was assessed using eye tracking, accommodometry, sequential contrast perception time, subjective assessment of asthenopia symptoms. Research results. The labor intensity of operators of multimonitor systems corresponds to class 3.2. Ergonomic assessment of workplaces indicates irregularities in the arrangement of equipment and office furniture. There were no statistically significant differences in the indicators of oculomotor activity in the dynamics of the shift, while low values of the frequency of blinking were noted only in workers with an irrationally organized workplace, as well as when observing one monitor. By the end of the shift, the volume of accommodation decreased by 19.0%, the time of perception of sequential contrast by 15.3%, the most pronounced symptoms of asthenopia were general and visual fatigue. Conclusions. The use of multimonitor systems leads to the development of asthenopia by the end of the shift, however, the decrease in the volume of accommodation and the time of perception of consistent contrast are more pronounced in workers with one monitor. Due to the impossibility of changing the work process and reducing the class of NT, workers should pay special attention to the ergonomic characteristics of the workplace, compliance with work and rest regimes, prevention of the development of asthenopia and general fatigue.

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Tamer, Aykut, Andrea Zanoni, Alessandro Cocco, and Pierangelo Masarati. "Visual Performance Evaluation of Helicopter Pilots in Vibrating Cockpit." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97525.

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Abstract Rotorcraft are known to suffer from relatively high levels of vibration as compared to their fixed-wing counterpart, due to exposure to significant vibratory load levels. Pilots usually operate in a vibrating cockpit, and hence can suffer from degradation of their instrument reading performance. Therefore, the expected level of degradation in visual performance should be estimated when there is room for design changes. The present work demonstrates the evaluation of visual vibration degradation of helicopter pilots using a modular analysis environment. Core elements are an aeroelastic helicopter model, a seat-cushion model, a detailed human biodynamics multibody model, and a simplified model of ocular dynamics, which are assembled into an overall model. The contribution of each component is examined using a figure of merit that includes both eye and instrument panel vibration.

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Du, Ping, and Erin F. MacDonald. "Product Body Shapes, Not Features, Provide Fast and Frugal Cues for Environmental Friendliness." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60283.

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Mental associations between a product’s visual design and its unobservable characteristics aid consumer judgments. It is hypothesized these associations, or cues, allow people to decrease the mental load required to make a decision. This paper investigates the rapid-building of mental associations between visual cues and unobservable attributes. It questions if it is more effective to cue holistically, through body-shape, or by individual features. Subjects participated in an association-building task and were then surveyed for retention of positive and negative cues for environmental friendliness ratings. Results demonstrate retention of body shapes cues but not feature cues. Additionally, eye-tracking data demonstrate that people redistribute their attention to a product after the association-building task, increasing the percentage of attention in the cued visual areas-of-interest. This supports the hypothesis that cues work to distribute mental load more efficiently; subjects’ evaluations became more targeted when judging environmental friendliness.

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Cummings, Scott, Richard Reiff, John Punwani, and Todd Snyder. "Measurement of Wheel/Rail Load Environment in Relation to Rolling Contact Fatigue." In 2011 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2011-56020.

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Wheel shelling is the cause of a large portion of high impact wheels. The impact loads produced by shelled wheels can have a damaging effect on track components and rolling stock components such as roller bearings. Shelling is the result of accumulated rolling contact fatigue (RCF) on the wheel tread surface. To investigate the specific conditions in which RCF occurs, wheel load environment data was collected from a car with three-piece trucks running in revenue service. This data was analyzed in order to assess the predicted wheel RCF through the use of shakedown theory. An inspection team was dispatched to several track sites to record relevant information including a visual assessment of rail RCF, rail transverse profile, rail age, and friction conditions. Track inspections were conducted at locations where RCF was predicted and at nearby locations with similar curvature where RCF was not predicted. Conclusions from this work are the following: • The curve unbalance condition, which is a combination of curvature, track superelevation, and train speed, is an important factor in RCF. • Wheel/rail coefficient of friction in curves can be a factor in RCF. • Rail profile and track condition were not found to be major factors in this analysis. • Observed rail RCF condition correlated reasonably well with predictions when considering extenuating factors such as rail age and curve unbalance conditions. • Confidence was increased in previous simulation results involving three-piece trucks due to good correlation with the results of the current work. The simulation results suggest that the use of AAR approved M-976 trucks should reduce RCF. This work was funded by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and the Wheel Defect Prevention Research Consortium (WDPRC), a group that includes railroads, private car owners, and industry suppliers.

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Coria, Ibai, Mikel Abasolo, Josu Aguirrebeitia, and Iker Heras. "VBA APP for the Calculation of Optimal Tightening Sequences for Ring Type Joints." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-66252.

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For pressure vessels gasketed joints, obtaining a uniform bolt load distribution is mandatory in order to ensure leak-free service of the joint. However, due to the elastic interaction phenomenon, it is difficult to achieve a uniform bolt load distribution. To address this difficulty, standards recommend tightening sequences that have shown good performance. However, these sequences have to be carried out in several passes; in addition, the standards point out that each assembler should develop its particular tightening sequences. In order to overcome these disadvantages, it is possible to find methods that provide a particular tightening sequence with which a uniform bolt load is obtained in a single pass tightening sequence. The most popular method is the Elastic Interaction Coefficients Method (EICM). In previous works [1,2], a new methodology called Tetraparametric Assembly Method (TAM) was developed for ASME Ring Type Joints (RTJ). In comparison with the EICM, the TAM provides very accurate results with much lower cost. In this work, the TAM has been implemented in Microsoft Excel (programmed in Visual Basic for Application), to obtain in a few seconds an optimal tightening sequence for most RTJ (NPS, Class and SCHD) for any target load and any assembly pattern using one or two passes.

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Ryabinin, Konstantin, Konstantin Belousov, and Roman Chumakov. "Visual Analytics Tools for Polycode Stimuli Eye Gaze Tracking in Virtual Reality." In 31th International Conference on Computer Graphics and Vision. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/graphicon-2021-3027-211-222.

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This paper is devoted to extending the previously created unified pipeline for conducting eye-tracking- based experiments in a virtual reality environment. In the previous work, we proposed using SciVi semantic data mining platform, Unreal Engine and HTC Vive Pro Eye head-mounted display to study reading process in the immersive virtual reality. The currently proposed extension enables to handle so-called polycode stimuli: compound visual objects, which consist of individual parts carrying different semantics for the viewer. To segment polycode stimuli extracting areas of interest (areas, where the informant’s eye gaze is being tracked) we adopt Creative Maps Studio vector graphics editor. To integrate Creative Maps Studio into the existing pipeline we created plugins for SciVi platform to load and handle the segmented stimuli, place them in the virtual reality scenes, collect corresponding eye gaze tracking data and perform visual analysis of the data collected. To analyze the eye gaze tracks, we utilize a circular graph that allows comprehensive visualization of hierarchical areas of interest (mapping them to color- coded graph nodes grouped into the hierarchy with a help of multilevel circular scale) and corresponding eye movements (mapped to the graph edges). We tested our pipeline on two different stimuli: the advertising poster and the painting “The Appearance of Christ Before the People” by A. Ivanov (1857).

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Ryabinin, Konstantin, Svetlana Chuprina, and Ivan Labutin. "Ontology-Driven Toolset for Audio-Visual Stimuli Representation in EEG-Based BCI Research." In 31th International Conference on Computer Graphics and Vision. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/graphicon-2021-3027-223-234.

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In the last decade, the recent advances in software and hardware facilitate the increase of interest in conducting experiments in the field of neurosciences, especially related to human-machine interaction. There are many mature and popular platforms leveraging experiments in this area including systems for representing the stimuli. However, these solutions often lack high-level adaptability to specific conditions, specific experiment setups, and third-party software and hardware, which may be involved in the experimental pipelines. This paper presents an adaptable solution based on ontology engineering that allows creating and tuning the EEG-based brain-computer interfaces. This solution relies on the ontology-driven SciVi visual analytics platform developed earlier. In the present work, we introduce new capabilities of SciVi, which enable organizing the pipeline for neuroscience-related experiments, including the representation of audio-visual stimuli, as well as retrieving, processing, and analyzing the EEG data. The distinctive feature of our approach is utilizing the ontological description of both the neural interface and processing tools used. This increases the semantic power of experiments, simplifies the reuse of pipeline parts between different experiments, and allows automatic distribution of data acquisition, storage, processing, and visualization on different computing nodes in the network to balance the computation load and to allow utilizing various hardware platforms, EEG devices, and stimuli controllers.

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