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Статті в журналах з теми "Visual area"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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1

Newsome, William T., John H. R. Maunsell, and David C. van Essen. "Ventral posterior visual area of the macaque: Visual topography and areal boundaries." Journal of Comparative Neurology 252, no. 2 (October 8, 1986): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.902520202.

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2

Papatheodorou, Sotiris, Anthony Tzes, and Yiannis Stergiopoulos. "Collaborative visual area coverage." Robotics and Autonomous Systems 92 (June 2017): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2017.03.005.

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3

Wadlow, Maria G. "Special Interest Areas: VISUAL INTERACTION DESIGN SPECIAL INTEREST AREA." ACM SIGCHI Bulletin 25, no. 1 (January 1993): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/157203.1048703.

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4

Kaas, Jon H., and Leah A. Krubitzer. "Area 17 lesions deactivate area MT in owl monkeys." Visual Neuroscience 9, no. 3-4 (October 1992): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800010804.

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AbstractThe middle temporal visual area, MT, is one of three major targets of the primary visual cortex, area 17, in primates. We assessed the contribution of area 17 connections to the responsiveness of area MT neurons to visual stimuli by first mapping the representation of the visual hemifield in MT of anesthetized owl monkeys with microelectrodes, ablating an electrophysiologically mapped part of area 17, and then immediately remapping MT. Before the lesions, neurons at recording sites throughout MT responded vigorously to moving slits of light and other visual stimuli. In addition, the relationship of receptive fields to recording sites revealed a systematic representation of the contralateral visual hemifield in MT, as reported previously for owl monkeys and other primates. The immediate effect of removing part of the retinotopic map in area 17 by gentle aspiration was to selectively deactivate the corresponding part of the visuotopic map in MT. Lesions of dorsomedial area 17 representing central and paracentral vision of the lower visual quadrant deactivated neurons in caudomedial MT formerly having receptive fields in the central and paracentral lower visual quadrant. Most neurons at recording sites throughout other parts of MT had normal levels of responsiveness to visual stimuli, and receptive-field locations that closely matched those before the lesion. However, neurons at a few sites along the margin of the deactivated zone of cortex had receptive fields that were slightly displaced from the region of vision affected by the lesion into other parts of the visual field, suggesting some degree of plasticity in the visual hemifield representation in MT. Subsequent histological examination of cortex confirmed that the lesions were confined to area 17 and the recordings were in MT. The results indicate that the visually evoked activity of neurons in MT of owl monkeys is highly dependent on inputs relayed directly or indirectly from area 17.

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5

Cohen, Laurent, Stanislas Dehaene, Lionel Naccache, Stéphane Lehéricy, Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz, Marie-Anne Hénaff, and François Michel. "The visual word form area." Brain 123, no. 2 (February 2000): 291–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/123.2.291.

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6

Kienitz, Ricardo, Kleopatra Kouroupaki, and Michael C. Schmid. "Microstimulation of visual area V4 improves visual stimulus detection." Cell Reports 40, no. 12 (September 2022): 111392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111392.

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7

Masafumi, Tanaka, and Creutzfeldt Otto Detlev. "Visual properties of neurons in the prelunate visual area." Neuroscience Research Supplements 7 (January 1988): S210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-8696(88)90428-8.

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8

Galletti, Claudio, Patrizia Fattori, Michela Gamberini, and Dieter F. Kutz. "The cortical visual area V6: brain location and visual topography." European Journal of Neuroscience 11, no. 11 (November 1999): 3922–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00817.x.

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9

Rockland, Kathleen S. "Visual System: Prostriata — A Visual Area Off the Beaten Path." Current Biology 22, no. 14 (July 2012): R571—R573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2012.05.030.

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10

Sawa, Fumi. "Visual Area Networking by OpenGL Vizserver." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 22, no. 1Supplement (2002): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.22.1supplement_177.

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11

Pasupathy, Anitha, Dina V. Popovkina, and Taekjun Kim. "Visual Functions of Primate Area V4." Annual Review of Vision Science 6, no. 1 (September 15, 2020): 363–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-030320-041306.

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Анотація:

Area V4—the focus of this review—is a mid-level processing stage along the ventral visual pathway of the macaque monkey. V4 is extensively interconnected with other visual cortical areas along the ventral and dorsal visual streams, with frontal cortical areas, and with several subcortical structures. Thus, it is well poised to play a broad and integrative role in visual perception and recognition—the functional domain of the ventral pathway. Neurophysiological studies in monkeys engaged in passive fixation and behavioral tasks suggest that V4 responses are dictated by tuning in a high-dimensional stimulus space defined by form, texture, color, depth, and other attributes of visual stimuli. This high-dimensional tuning may underlie the development of object-based representations in the visual cortex that are critical for tracking, recognizing, and interacting with objects. Neurophysiological and lesion studies also suggest that V4 responses are important for guiding perceptual decisions and higher-order behavior.

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12

Wadlow, Maria G. "Visual interaction design special interest area." ACM SIGCHI Bulletin 25, no. 4 (October 1993): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/170870.170900.

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13

Wadlow, Maria G. "VISUAL INTERACTION DESIGN SPECIAL INTEREST AREA." ACM SIGCHI Bulletin 25, no. 3 (July 1993): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/155786.1053754.

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14

Wadlow, Maria G. "Visual interaction design special interest area." ACM SIGCHI Bulletin 25, no. 2 (April 1993): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/155804.155819.

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15

Weizman, L., and J. Goldberger. "Urban-Area Segmentation Using Visual Words." IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 6, no. 3 (July 2009): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2009.2014400.

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16

Shum, J., D. Hermes, B. L. Foster, M. Dastjerdi, V. Rangarajan, J. Winawer, K. J. Miller, and J. Parvizi. "A Brain Area for Visual Numerals." Journal of Neuroscience 33, no. 16 (April 17, 2013): 6709–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.4558-12.2013.

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17

Kemp, Simon, and Clare Lange. "Recognition and recall of visual area." British Journal of Psychology 84, no. 1 (February 1993): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1993.tb02464.x.

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18

Wang, Quanxin, and Andreas Burkhalter. "Area map of mouse visual cortex." Journal of Comparative Neurology 502, no. 3 (2007): 339–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.21286.

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19

Kennedy, H., K. A. C. Martin, G. A. Orban, and D. Whitteridge. "Receptive field properties of neurones in visual area 1 and visual area 2 in the baboon." Neuroscience 14, no. 2 (February 1985): 405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(85)90300-8.

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20

Hall, Nathan J., and Carol L. Colby. "Remapping for visual stability." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1564 (February 27, 2011): 528–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0248.

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Анотація:

Visual perception is based on both incoming sensory signals and information about ongoing actions. Recordings from single neurons have shown that corollary discharge signals can influence visual representations in parietal, frontal and extrastriate visual cortex, as well as the superior colliculus (SC). In each of these areas, visual representations are remapped in conjunction with eye movements. Remapping provides a mechanism for creating a stable, eye-centred map of salient locations. Temporal and spatial aspects of remapping are highly variable from cell to cell and area to area. Most neurons in the lateral intraparietal area remap stimulus traces, as do many neurons in closely allied areas such as the frontal eye fields the SC and extrastriate area V3A. Remapping is not purely a cortical phenomenon. Stimulus traces are remapped from one hemifield to the other even when direct cortico-cortical connections are removed. The neural circuitry that produces remapping is distinguished by significant plasticity, suggesting that updating of salient stimuli is fundamental for spatial stability and visuospatial behaviour. These findings provide new evidence that a unified and stable representation of visual space is constructed by redundant circuitry, comprising cortical and subcortical pathways, with a remarkable capacity for reorganization.

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21

Asyva, Ramadhyna Prameswari, Qurrotu 'Aini Besila, Rini Fitri, and Titiek Debora. "Visual Landscape Study with the Visual Resources Assessment Procedure Method at Pekanbaru City Government Offices." Journal of Synergy Landscape 2, no. 1 (September 5, 2022): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/tjsl.v2i1.14857.

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Анотація:

Pekanbaru City Government Office is a central office area as the city's central image that accommodates all government facilities, facilities, and infrastructure. This area has natural and artificial potential for design development in the area. The situation in terms of the landscape in this area is the lack of assessment and utilization of the visual aesthetic potential of the landscape in the Pekanbaru City Government Office area. The purpose of this study is to determine the visual aesthetic potential of the site by utilizing and optimizing natural and artificial visuals. This study uses a modified Visual Resources Assessment Procedure (VRAP). The results showed that the increase in the visual aesthetic value of the Pekanbaru City Government Office landscape design by examining the visual aesthetic aspects of the landscape as the basis for developing landscape design.

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22

Zeki, S. "Thirty years of a very special visual area, Area V5." Journal of Physiology 557, no. 1 (May 2004): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2004.063040.

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23

Wimmer, Heinz, Philipp Ludersdorfer, Fabio Richlan, and Martin Kronbichler. "Visual Experience Shapes Orthographic Representations in the Visual Word Form Area." Psychological Science 27, no. 9 (July 20, 2016): 1240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797616657319.

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24

Lobo, Michele, and Sara Kindo. "Entangled bodies and visual ethnographies: Encounters in more‐than‐human worlds." Area 53, no. 2 (June 2021): 198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/area.12721.

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25

Grigonis, Antony M., Rosemary B. Rayos Del Sol-Padua, and E. Hazel Murphy. "Visual callosal projections in the adult ferret." Visual Neuroscience 9, no. 1 (July 1992): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800006398.

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AbstractThe laminar and tangential organization of visual callosal projections of areas 17 and 18 were investigated in the adult ferret, using histochemical methods to visualize axonally transported horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Normal adult ferrets were given injections of HRP throughout one visual cortex or had gelfoam soaked in HRP applied to the transected corpus callosum. The ferret callosal cell distribution has a greater tangential extent in area 18 than in area 17. In addition, the radial organization of callosal cells in areas 17 and 18 differs: three times as many infragranular cells are present in area 18 than in area 17, although the number of supragranular cells is similar for both areas 17 and 18. Since the projections of alpha retinal ganglion cells are reported to be exclusively contralateral in the ferret (Vitek et al., 1985), callosal projections may make a major contribution to the binocularity of neurons in area 18.

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26

Kosslyn, Stephen M., Nathaniel M. Alpert, William L. Thompson, Vera Maljkovic, Steven B. Weise, Christopher F. Chabris, Sania E. Hamilton, Scott L. Rauch, and Ferdinando S. Buonanno. "Visual Mental Imagery Activates Topographically Organized Visual Cortex: PET Investigations." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 5, no. 3 (July 1993): 263–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1993.5.3.263.

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Cerebral blood flow was measured using positron emission tomography (PET) in three experiments while subjects performed mental imagery or analogous perceptual tasks. In Experiment 1, the subjects either visualized letters in grids and decided whether an X mark would have fallen on each letter if it were actually in the grid, or they saw letters in grids and decided whether an X mark fell on each letter. A region identified as part of area 17 by the Talairach and Tournoux (1988) atlas, in addition to other areas involved in vision, was activated more in the mental imagery task than in the perception task. In Experiment 2, the identical stimuli were presented in imagery and baseline conditions, but subjects were asked to form images only in the imagery condition; the portion of area 17 that was more active in the imagery condition of Experiment 1 was also more activated in imagery than in the baseline condition, as was part of area 18. Subjects also were tested with degraded perceptual stimuli, which caused visual cortex to be activated to the same degree in imagery and perception. In both Experiments 1 and 2, however, imagery selectively activated the extreme anterior part of what was identified as area 17, which is inconsistent with the relatively small size of the imaged stimuli. These results, then, suggest that imagery may have activated another region just anterior to area 17. In Experiment 3, subjects were instructed to close their eyes and evaluate visual mental images of upper case letters that were formed at a small size or large size. The small mental images engendered more activation in the posterior portion of visual cortex, and the large mental images engendered more activation in anterior portions of visual cortex. This finding is strong evidence that imagery activates topographically mapped cortex. The activated regions were also consistent with their being localized in area 17. Finally, additional results were consistent with the existence of two types of imagery, one that rests on allocating attention to form a pattern and one that rests on activating stored visual memories.

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27

Kumar, Mari Ganesh, Ming Hu, Aadhirai Ramanujan, Mriganka Sur, and Hema A. Murthy. "Functional parcellation of mouse visual cortex using statistical techniques reveals response-dependent clustering of cortical processing areas." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): e1008548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008548.

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The visual cortex of the mouse brain can be divided into ten or more areas that each contain complete or partial retinotopic maps of the contralateral visual field. It is generally assumed that these areas represent discrete processing regions. In contrast to the conventional input-output characterizations of neuronal responses to standard visual stimuli, here we asked whether six of the core visual areas have responses that are functionally distinct from each other for a given visual stimulus set, by applying machine learning techniques to distinguish the areas based on their activity patterns. Visual areas defined by retinotopic mapping were examined using supervised classifiers applied to responses elicited by a range of stimuli. Using two distinct datasets obtained using wide-field and two-photon imaging, we show that the area labels predicted by the classifiers were highly consistent with the labels obtained using retinotopy. Furthermore, the classifiers were able to model the boundaries of visual areas using resting state cortical responses obtained without any overt stimulus, in both datasets. With the wide-field dataset, clustering neuronal responses using a constrained semi-supervised classifier showed graceful degradation of accuracy. The results suggest that responses from visual cortical areas can be classified effectively using data-driven models. These responses likely reflect unique circuits within each area that give rise to activity with stronger intra-areal than inter-areal correlations, and their responses to controlled visual stimuli across trials drive higher areal classification accuracy than resting state responses.

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28

Girard, Pascal, Paul-Antoine Salin, and Jean Bullier. "Visual activity in macaque area V4 depends on area 17 input." NeuroReport 2, no. 2 (February 1991): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199102000-00004.

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29

Di Maio, Vito, Enrica L. Santarcangelo, and Knut Busse. "Visual Perception of Area and Hypnotic Susceptibility." Perceptual and Motor Skills 81, no. 3_suppl (December 1995): 1315–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.81.3f.1315.

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Анотація:

The visual perception of area of geometrical figures was compared for subjects of high and low hypnotizability in experiments with direct comparison of two different geometrical figures. The Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale (Form C) was used to assess subjects' hypnotizability. No differences between 17 highly hypnotizable and 10 low bypnorizable subjects were found. Present results were also compared with those previously obtained for subjects of unknown hypnotizability. The model based on the Image Function Theory proposed earlier to explain the errors in area estimation committed by subjects of unknown hypnotizability was confirmed as a general rule.

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30

Born, Richard T., and David C. Bradley. "STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF VISUAL AREA MT." Annual Review of Neuroscience 28, no. 1 (July 21, 2005): 157–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131052.

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31

Schiller, Peter H. "Area V4 of the Primate Visual Cortex." Current Directions in Psychological Science 3, no. 3 (June 1994): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770439.

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32

Bushnell, B. N., P. J. Harding, Y. Kosai, W. Bair, and A. Pasupathy. "Equiluminance Cells in Visual Cortical Area V4." Journal of Neuroscience 31, no. 35 (August 31, 2011): 12398–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1890-11.2011.

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33

Orban, G. A., P. Dupont, B. De Bruyn, R. Vogels, R. Vandenberghe, and L. Mortelmans. "A motion area in human visual cortex." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 92, no. 4 (February 14, 1995): 993–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.92.4.993.

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34

de-Wit, Lee H., Robert W. Kentridge, and A. David Milner. "Object-based attention and visual area LO." Neuropsychologia 47, no. 6 (May 2009): 1483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.11.002.

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35

Carpenter, R. H. S. "Visual Pursuit: An Instructive Area of Cortex." Current Biology 15, no. 16 (August 2005): R638—R640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.08.004.

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36

Yang, Jie, Yin Yang, Ke Chen, MarcelloG P. Rosa, Hsin-Hao Yu, and Li-Rong Kuang. "Visual response characteristics of neurons in the second visual area of marmosets." Neural Regeneration Research 16, no. 9 (2021): 1871. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.303043.

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37

Schira, Mark M., Alex R. Wade, and Christopher W. Tyler. "Two-Dimensional Mapping of the Central and Parafoveal Visual Field to Human Visual Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 6 (June 2007): 4284–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00972.2006.

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Анотація:

Primate visual cortex contains a set of maps of visual space. These maps are fundamental to early visual processing, yet their form is not fully understood in humans. This is especially true for the central and most important part of the visual field—the fovea. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure the mapping geometry of human V1 and V2 down to 0.5° of eccentricity. By applying automated atlas fitting procedures to parametrize and average retinotopic measurements of eight brains, we provide a reference standard for the two-dimensional geometry of human early visual cortex of unprecedented precision and analyze this high-quality mean dataset with respect to the 2-dimensional cortical magnification morphometry. The analysis indicates that 1) area V1 has meridional isotropy in areal projection: equal areas of visual space are mapped to equal areas of cortex at any given eccentricity. 2) V1 has a systematic pattern of local anisotropies: cortical magnification varies between isopolar and isoeccentricity lines, and 3) the shape of V1 deviates systematically from the complex-log model, the fit of which is particularly poor close to the fovea. We therefore propose that human V1 be fitted by models based on an equal-area principle of its two-dimensional magnification. 4) V2 is elongated by a factor of 2 in eccentricity direction relative to V1 and has significantly more local anisotropy. We propose that V2 has systematic intrinsic curvature, but V1 is intrinsically flat.

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38

Manger, Paul R., Gerhard Engler, Christian K. E. Moll, and Andreas K. Engel. "The anterior ectosylvian visual area of the ferret: a homologue for an enigmatic visual cortical area of the cat?" European Journal of Neuroscience 22, no. 3 (August 2005): 706–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04246.x.

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39

Felleman, Daniel J., Youping Xiao, and Evelyn McClendon. "Modular Organization of Occipito-Temporal Pathways: Cortical Connections between Visual Area 4 and Visual Area 2 and Posterior Inferotemporal Ventral Area in Macaque Monkeys." Journal of Neuroscience 17, no. 9 (May 1, 1997): 3185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.17-09-03185.1997.

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40

Schiller, Peter H., and Edward J. Tehovnik. "Visual Prosthesis." Perception 37, no. 10 (January 1, 2008): 1529–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p6100.

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Анотація:

There are more than forty million blind individuals in the world whose plight would be greatly ameliorated by creating a visual prosthesis. We begin by outlining the basic operational characteristics of the visual system, as this knowledge is essential for producing a prosthetic device based on electrical stimulation through arrays of implanted electrodes. We then list a series of tenets that we believe need to be followed in this effort. Central among these is our belief that the initial research in this area, which is in its infancy, should first be carried out on animals. We suggest that implantation of area V1 holds high promise as the area is of a large volume and can therefore accommodate extensive electrode arrays. We then proceed to consider coding operations that can effectively convert visual images viewed by a camera to stimulate electrode arrays to yield visual impressions that can provide shape, motion, and depth information. We advocate experimental work that mimics electrical stimulation effects non-invasively in sighted human subjects with a camera from which visual images are converted into displays on a monitor akin to those created by electrical stimulation.

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41

Schmolesky, Matthew T., Youngchang Wang, Doug P. Hanes, Kirk G. Thompson, Stefan Leutgeb, Jeffrey D. Schall, and Audie G. Leventhal. "Signal Timing Across the Macaque Visual System." Journal of Neurophysiology 79, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 3272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.6.3272.

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Анотація:

Schmolesky, Matthew T., Youngchang Wang, Doug P. Hanes, Kirk G. Thompson, Stefan Leutgeb, Jeffrey D. Schall, and Audie G. Leventhal. Signal timing across the macaque visual system. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 3272–3278, 1998. The onset latencies of single-unit responses evoked by flashing visual stimuli were measured in the parvocellular (P) and magnocellular (M) layers of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) and in cortical visual areas V1, V2, V3, V4, middle temporal area (MT), medial superior temporal area (MST), and in the frontal eye field (FEF) in individual anesthetized monkeys. Identical procedures were carried out to assess latencies in each area, often in the same monkey, thereby permitting direct comparisons of timing across areas. This study presents the visual flash-evoked latencies for cells in areas where such data are common (V1 and V2), and are therefore a good standard, and also in areas where such data are sparse (LGNd M and P layers, MT, V4) or entirely lacking (V3, MST, and FEF in anesthetized preparation). Visual-evoked onset latencies were, on average, 17 ms shorter in the LGNd M layers than in the LGNd P layers. Visual responses occurred in V1 before any other cortical area. The next wave of activation occurred concurrently in areas V3, MT, MST, and FEF. Visual response latencies in areas V2 and V4 were progressively later and more broadly distributed. These differences in the time course of activation across the dorsal and ventral streams provide important temporal constraints on theories of visual processing.

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42

Cortes, Nelson, Bruno O. F. de Souza, and Christian Casanova. "Pulvinar Modulates Synchrony across Visual Cortical Areas." Vision 4, no. 2 (April 10, 2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vision4020022.

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The cortical visual hierarchy communicates in different oscillatory ranges. While gamma waves influence the feedforward processing, alpha oscillations travel in the feedback direction. Little is known how this oscillatory cortical communication depends on an alternative route that involves the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus. We investigated whether the oscillatory coupling between the primary visual cortex (area 17) and area 21a depends on the transthalamic pathway involving the pulvinar in cats. To that end, visual evoked responses were recorded in areas 17 and 21a before, during and after inactivation of the pulvinar. Local field potentials were analyzed with Wavelet and Granger causality tools to determine the oscillatory coupling between layers. The results indicate that cortical oscillatory activity was enhanced during pulvinar inactivation, in particular for area 21a. In area 17, alpha band responses were represented in layers II/III. In area 21a, gamma oscillations, except for layer I, were significantly increased, especially in layer IV. Granger causality showed that the pulvinar modulated the oscillatory information between areas 17 and 21a in gamma and alpha bands for the feedforward and feedback processing, respectively. Together, these findings indicate that the pulvinar is involved in the mechanisms underlying oscillatory communication along the visual cortex.

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43

Rosa, Marcello G. P., Juliana G. M. Soares, Mario Fiorani, and Ricardo Gattass. "Cortical afferents of visual area MT in the Cebus monkey: Possible homologies between New and old World monkeys." Visual Neuroscience 10, no. 5 (September 1993): 827–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800006064.

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AbstractCortical projections to the middle temporal (MT) visual area were studied by injecting the retrogradely transported fluorescent tracer Fast Blue into MT in adult New World monkeys (Cebus apella). Injection sites were selected based on electrophysiological recordings, and covered eccentricities from 2–70 deg, in both the upper and lower visual fields. The position and laminar distribution of labeled cell bodies were correlated with myeloarchitectonic boundaries and displayed in flat reconstructions of the neocortex. Topographically organized projections were found to arise mainly from the primary, second, third, and fourth visual areas (V1, V2, V3, and V4). Coarsely topographic patterns were observed in transitional V4 (V4t), in the parieto-occipital and parieto-occipital medial areas (PO and POm), and in the temporal ventral posterior area (TVP). In addition, widespread or nontopographic label was found in visual areas of the superior temporal sulcus (medial superior temporal, MST, and fundus of superior temporal, FST), annectent gyrus (dorsointermediate area, DI; and dorsomedial area, DM), intraparietal sulcus (lateral intraparietal, LIP; posterior intraparietal, PIP; and ventral intraparietal, VIP), and in the frontal eye field (FEF). Label in PO, POm, and PIP was found only after injections in the representation of the peripheral visual field (>10 deg), and label in V4 and FST was more extensive after injections in the central representation. The projections from V1 and V2 originated predominantly from neurons in supragranular layers, whereas those from V3, V4t, DM, DI, POm, and FEF consisted of intermixed patches with either supragranular or infragranular predominance. All of the other projections were predominantly infragranular. Invasion of area MST by the injection site led to the labeling of further pathways, including substantial projections from the dorsal prelunate area (DP) and from an ensemble of areas located along the medial wall of the hemisphere. In addition, weaker projections were observed from the parieto-occipital dorsal area (POd), area 7a, area prostriata, the posterior bank of the arcuate sulcus, and areas in the anterior part of the lateral sulcus. Despite the different nomenclatures and areal boundaries recognized by different models of simian cortical organization, the pattern of projections to area MT is remarkably similar among primates. Our results provide evidence for the existence of many homologous areas in the extrastriate visual cortex of New and Old World monkeys.

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44

Dagnino, Bruno, Marie-Alice Gariel-Mathis, and Pieter R. Roelfsema. "Microstimulation of area V4 has little effect on spatial attention and on perception of phosphenes evoked in area V1." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 3 (February 1, 2015): 730–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00645.2014.

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Previous transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies suggested that feedback from higher to lower areas of the visual cortex is important for the access of visual information to awareness. However, the influence of cortico-cortical feedback on awareness and the nature of the feedback effects are not yet completely understood. In the present study, we used electrical microstimulation in the visual cortex of monkeys to test the hypothesis that cortico-cortical feedback plays a role in visual awareness. We investigated the interactions between the primary visual cortex (V1) and area V4 by applying microstimulation in both cortical areas at various delays. We report that the monkeys detected the phosphenes produced by V1 microstimulation but subthreshold V4 microstimulation did not influence V1 phosphene detection thresholds. A second experiment examined the influence of V4 microstimulation on the monkeys' ability to detect the dimming of one of three peripheral visual stimuli. Again, microstimulation of a group of V4 neurons failed to modulate the monkeys' perception of a stimulus in their receptive field. We conclude that conditions exist where microstimulation of area V4 has only a limited influence on visual perception.

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45

Leh, Sandra E., M. Mallar Chakravarty, and Alain Ptito. "The Connectivity of the Human Pulvinar: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Tractography Study." International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2008 (2008): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/789539.

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Previous studies in nonhuman primates and cats have shown that the pulvinar receives input from various cortical and subcortical areas involved in vision. Although the contribution of the pulvinar to human vision remains to be established, anatomical tracer and electrophysiological animal studies on cortico-pulvinar circuits suggest an important role of this structure in visual spatial attention, visual integration, and higher-order visual processing. Because methodological constraints limit investigations of the human pulvinar's function, its role could, up to now, only be inferred from animal studies. In the present study, we used an innovative imaging technique, Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) tractography, to determine cortical and subcortical connections of the human pulvinar. We were able to reconstruct pulvinar fiber tracts and compare variability across subjects in vivo. Here we demonstrate that the human pulvinar is interconnected with subcortical structures (superior colliculus, thalamus, and caudate nucleus) as well as with cortical regions (primary visual areas (area 17), secondary visual areas (area 18, 19), visual inferotemporal areas (area 20), posterior parietal association areas (area 7), frontal eye fields and prefrontal areas). These results are consistent with the connectivity reported in animal anatomical studies.

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46

Tjhin, Santo. "Visual Art And Technology URBAN SCREEN AS A VISUAL ART AND ADVERTISING AREA." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 5, no. 1 (December 3, 2019): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v5i1.1077.

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Jakarta is a big city in Indonesia, a modern or developed city is a city whose development is sustainable and has the role of being an icon for the country. Jakarta has an important role and function in supporting the national economy in addition to being an icon for Indonesia. It’s role as the capital of the country also adds to its appeal, this encourages improvement both in terms of the appearance of the building and in following technological developments. Buildings and malls in Jakarta, offering a variety of products and gathering places for urban communities, where urban communities are born out of interest, atomized (united but anonymous), and there is a reciprocal (cause-and-effect) relationship with urban spatial planning, architecture and design that shapes characters the community. Improvements carried out by buildings and malls in the city of Jakarta, by building Urban Screen LED Facade. Light Emitting Diode or LED has an important role in changing the appearance of buildings to be more beautiful and attract attention as a reflection of developed and modern cities, in addition it also acts as a media advertising. So it is expected to increase added value, the value of communication and cultural exchange. With the placement of the urban LED screen, the Jakarta Building and Mall hopes to create a metropolitan building that is sparkling and has aesthetic value, so that it is worthy of being an icon of the city of Jakarta.

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47

Rosa, Marcello G. P., Aglai P. B. Sousa, and Ricardo Gattass. "Representation of the visual field in the second visual area in theCebus monkey." Journal of Comparative Neurology 275, no. 3 (September 15, 1988): 326–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.902750303.

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48

Bullock, Kelly R., Florian Pieper, Adam J. Sachs, and Julio C. Martinez-Trujillo. "Visual and presaccadic activity in area 8Ar of the macaque monkey lateral prefrontal cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00278.2016.

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Common trends observed in many visual and oculomotor-related cortical areas include retinotopically organized receptive and movement fields exhibiting a Gaussian shape and increasing size with eccentricity. These trends are demonstrated in the frontal eye fields, many visual areas, and the superior colliculus but have not been thoroughly characterized in prearcuate area 8Ar of the prefrontal cortex. This is important since area 8Ar, located anterior to the frontal eye fields, is more cytoarchitectonically similar to prefrontal areas than premotor areas. Here we recorded the responses of 166 neurons in area 8Ar of two male macaques while the animals made visually guided saccades to a peripheral sine-wave grating stimulus positioned at 1 of 40 possible locations (8 angles along 5 eccentricities). To characterize the neurons’ receptive and movement fields, we fit a bivariate Gaussian model to the baseline-subtracted average firing rate during stimulus presentation (early and late visual epochs) and before saccade onset (presaccadic epoch). One hundred twenty-one of one hundred sixty-six neurons showed spatially selective visual and presaccadic responses. Of the visually selective neurons, 76% preferred the contralateral visual hemifield, whereas 24% preferred the ipsilateral hemifield. The angular width of visual and movement-related fields scaled positively with increasing eccentricity. Moreover, responses of neurons with visual receptive fields were modulated by target contrast, exhibiting sigmoid tuning curves that resemble those of visual neurons in upstream areas such as MT and V4. Finally, we found that neurons with receptive fields at similar spatial locations were clustered within the area; however, this organization did not appear retinotopic. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We recorded the responses of neurons in lateral prefrontal area 8Ar of macaques during a visually guided saccade task using multielectrode arrays. Neurons have Gaussian-shaped visual and movement fields in both visual hemifields, with a bias toward the contralateral hemifield. Visual neurons show contrast response functions with sigmoid shapes. Visual neurons tend to cluster at similar locations within the cortical surface; however, this organization does not appear retinotopic.

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49

Slamet Sulistyo, Ruhulhaq Albarqi, and Ardhya Nareswari. "Measuring urban slum area imageability through visual indicators." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1082, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1082/1/012027.

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Abstract Imageability is the quality of a place that makes it recognizable, memorable, and different from other places. It determines the character and identity of city space. On the other hand, slum settlements are a severe problem in several countries worldwide. Urbanization makes urban space denser and causes disorder if there is no good urban spatial development. This condition then affects the image of the city, which becomes less good, disorganized, and has no character. In its role, good quality (non-slum) urban settlement will improve the image of the city. However, in the context of slum settlements in Indonesia, under certain conditions, it can have good imageability as part of the identity of urban settlements. This paper aims to assess the imageability of the slum area of Mojo Village, Surakarta City, which will be used as a basis for settlement upgrading. This study uses a qualitative method with a visual assessment survey using the main parameters of the condition of the open spaces and buildings. A visual assessment survey is a survey to assess visual quality by observers with predetermined assessment criteria. This study found that predominantly settlement neighborhoods have low imageability, but some places have high imageability.

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50

Takahashi, Katsumasa. "Visual-Vestibular Signal Convergence in Parietal Association Area." Kitakanto Medical Journal 59, no. 1 (2009): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2974/kmj.59.115.

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