Статті в журналах: "Virtual mobile network operators"

1

Conti, J. P. "Orange alert [mobile virtual network operators]." Communications Engineer 3, no. 3 (June 1, 2005): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ce:20050303.

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2

Ekanoye, Femi, Temitope Olokunde, Victor Mbarika, and Philip Musa. "An Exploration of Relationships Between Mobile Network Operators (MNO) and Mobile Virtual Network Operations (MVNO) in Nigeria." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 10, no. 2 (April 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitn.2018040101.

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Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs) are of immense value to the mobile telecommunications industry as they provide services at an affordable rate to customers and work with Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) who own the telecommunication infrastructure. This is because Mobile Network Operators sell airtime at wholesale rates to Mobile Virtual Network Operators. The Mobile Virtual Network Operators retain their brand name whilst having an arrangement with their host who is the Mobile Network Operator (MNO). This article therefore identifies the bottlenecks experienced by MNOs in establishing relationships with MVNOs in Nigeria. The article also covers the various forms of MVNO business models available in the industry and the types of policies that support the MVNO success and sustainability.

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3

Banerjee, Aniruddha, and Christian M. Dippon. "Voluntary relationships among mobile network operators and mobile virtual network operators: An economic explanation." Information Economics and Policy 21, no. 1 (February 2009): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infoecopol.2008.10.003.

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4

Granelli, Fabrizio, and Riccardo Bassoli. "Autonomic Mobile Virtual Network Operators for Future Generation Networks." IEEE Network 32, no. 5 (September 2018): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2018.1700455.

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5

Zonouzirad, Mahmoud, Ghasemali Bazaei, and Peyman Adl. "Critical Success Factors of Mobile Virtual Network Operators." Journal of Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 4, no. 02 (September 13, 2019): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jrset.vol4iss02pp17-20.

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“Mobile Virtual Network Operator”;(MVNO) is a provider of wireless communications services who doesn’t own the wireless network infrastructure.MVNO provide services on the “Mobile Network Operator’s”;(MNO)’s infrastructure. An MVNO enters into a business agreement with a mobile network operator (MNO) to utilize its unused capacity and provides various servicesto obtain it’sportion ofmarket. An MVNO join in an agreement/contract with a mobile network operator (MNO) enabling its unused capacity to provide various services and gain its portion of market. An MVNO may use its own customer service, billing support systems, marketing and sales personnel or it may employ the services of a “mobile virtual network enabler”(MVNE). The Goal of this research/article is to identify and prioritize the “Critical Success Factors” (CSF*) of Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) in Iran. To touch this goal; most famous MVNO’s and their critical success factorsfrom all over the world are main pattern of our viewpoint. For data gathering point of view in this research I have created a questionaries’ with 40 questions, and have used online questionnaire tool in Google website named “Google Drive”. For implementing this research;As a sample of statistical society, I have been selected 93/125 senior expertise and managers of different departments of Rightel“The first Iranian 3G Mobile Operator”based on Cochran's formulas. The research’s variables are Brand, Distribution System, Innovation, Financial status, Quality of service, Network generation and proper price and tariff as CSF’s for implementing MVNO’s.In this statistics research questionnaire, Cronbach'sα(alpha) is a coefficient of internal consistency and reliability. It is commonly used as an estimate of the reliability of a psychometric test for a sample of examinees Cronbach’s Alpha which is .91 of all of the questionnaire in this research. For validity of questionnaireI asked some of senior managers and university PhD level instructors,for analyzing the results of this research we have used one sample T-test method and for more reliability, used 2nd grade sentence test as well. The result of this research was the all mentioned variables are identified as CSF of MVNO’s and ranking of CSF’s are: 1- Quality of service, 2- Innovation, 3- proper price and tariff, 4- Distribution System, 5- Network generation, 6- Brand, 7- Financial status.

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6

Singh, N. P. "Operational Strategies of Ethnic Mobile Virtual Network Operators." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 4, no. 1 (January 2012): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitn.2012010101.

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An MVNO that targets a specific community is called an ethnic MVNOs. It operates in highly saturated telecom markets with sizable expat population. Its basic objective is to further enhance competition in saturated mobile telecom markets. It is becoming popular among expat/migrant communities due to the low cost services of MVNOs in their native language. The paper presents an analysis of sixteen ethnic MVNOs with respect to their operating and marketing strategies, areas of operations, targeted communities, and their MNO partners. Further, the paper presents customer relation management strategies of ethnic MVNOs. The author also discusses a distant possibility of ethnic MVNO scenario in India with the introduction of MVNO regulation by government.

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7

Shin, Donghee, and Sungeun Chung. "Will mobile virtual network operators succeed in Korea?" info 14, no. 3 (May 4, 2012): 48–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636691211223229.

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8

Son, Pham Hai, Le Hoang Son, Sudan Jha, Raghvendra Kumar, and Jyotir Moy Chatterjee. "Governing mobile Virtual Network Operators in developing countries." Utilities Policy 56 (February 2019): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2019.01.003.

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9

Kalmus, Philip, and Lars Wiethaus. "On the competitive effects of mobile virtual network operators." Telecommunications Policy 34, no. 5-6 (June 2010): 262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2010.04.002.

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10

Song, Jae-Do. "Various wholesale price equilibria for mobile virtual network operators." Telecommunications Policy 34, no. 10 (November 2010): 633–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2010.07.002.

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11

Zhang, Yan, and Jun Hui He. "Research on the Mobile Net Business Knowledge Sharing Strategy of Fraud Evade." Applied Mechanics and Materials 631-632 (September 2014): 1171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.631-632.1171.

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Mobile commerce fraud to the rapid development of e-commerce has brought new challenges, network operators knowledge sharing environment to be studied under the law. Research and analysis network operators group dynamic evolution of knowledge sharing strategy for fraudulent evasion of the conclusion shows that network operators group for fraudulent evasion of knowledge sharing strategy forms of instability, there is a virtual community of network operators and the initial high initial knowledge sharing knowledge sharing and low multiple modes coexistence, and finally from the perspective of network operators for evolutionary chain of fraudulent evasion put forward the corresponding countermeasures.

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12

LIU, Wei, Rui HU, Ryoichi SHINKUMA, and Tatsuro TAKAHASHI. "A Fair Resource Sharing Mechanism between Mobile Virtual Network Operators." IEICE Transactions on Communications E98.B, no. 11 (2015): 2141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.e98.b.2141.

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13

Grimaldi, Michele, Livio Cricelli, and Nathan Levialdi Ghiron. "Regulation of competition and access of mobile virtual network operators." International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management 13, no. 3 (2013): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtpm.2013.054877.

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14

Varoutas, D., D. Katsianis, Th Sphicopoulos, K. Stordahl, and I. Welling. "On the Economics of 3G Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)." Wireless Personal Communications 36, no. 2 (January 2006): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-006-0027-5.

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15

Mazalov, Vladimir, Andrey Lukyanenko, and Andrei Gurtov. "Location–Price Competition in Mobile Operator Market." International Game Theory Review 21, no. 03 (September 2019): 1850015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198918500159.

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In this paper, we propose a game-theoretic model of the mobile network market. The market is presented by three sides: primary mobile network operators (MNO), mobile virtual network operators (MVNO) and consumers of the services. MVNO are mobile operators without their own infrastructure. They buy resources from MNO and compete with other MVNO for the consumers selling a service in the mobile network market. We construct a two-stage game. In the first stage, MVNO (players) select the MNO, one or several, and then announce the price for their service for the consumers in this MNO. After the profile of prices is determined, the consumers are distributed among MVNOs following the logistic function. The equilibrium in this two-stage game is constructed. For identical consumers, the analytic formulas for the solution are derived.

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16

Špaček, Miroslav, and Emil Vacík. "Design of an Innovative Business Model for Mobile Virtual Network Operators." Quality Innovation Prosperity 20, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12776/qip.v20i2.772.

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Purpose: The article studies a possible innovative business model for sustainable competitive advantage in current communication technologies.Methodology/Approach: This ethnographic approach consists of contextual interviews with company managers and specialists. Scientific observation and comparison took preference over other methods for the evaluation of results. Comparison methods were used for comparing price levels of telecommunication services within OECD countries and used for characterizing virtual operators. This method of modelling was applied to both corporate process-design and functions.Findings: This paper proposes a normative model as the foundation for a virtual operator that would be generally applicable by any potential newcomer to the budding virtual telecommunication market.Research Limitation: Business model innovation in the virtual mobile operator area is a quite new concept, which is still under development. For that reason the validation of the model has not been fully completed until now.Originality/Value of paper: The paper demonstrates this quite new approach to business model development and its possible application in the area of virtual mobile operators.

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17

R.R Mohan, K., G. Vennela, M. Sai Kumar, Ch Satya Srinivas, and A. Harsha. "C Ran Towards 5g Networks in Virtual Environment." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.7 (March 18, 2018): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.7.10859.

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Cloud radio access network is an adaptable mobile network architecture with exponential development of portable traffic and the prerequisites of up and coming administrations are further pushing the cut-off points on current versatile systems; subsequently, overall research interests have moved toward 5G world that view which can address many challenges that mobile operators confront while attempting to support ever-growing end-user’s needs towards 5th generation of mobile networks. Be that as it may, 5G systems are most certainly not to be sent until 2020; subsequently, there is a requirement for answers for address expanding requests of current systems, without acquiring colossal expenses on administrators. This paper proposes on-request organization of portable little cells, utilizing either client versatile handsets or remote radio units and non-aware power utilization of different hosts and virtual machines.

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18

Corrocher, Nicoletta, and Laura Lasio. "Diversification strategies in network-based services: The case of mobile virtual network operators." Telecommunications Policy 37, no. 11 (December 2013): 1110–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2013.03.002.

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19

Sacoto Cabrera, Erwin, Luis Guijarro, and Patrick Maillé. "Game Theoretical Analysis of a Multi-MNO MVNO Business Model in 5G Networks." Electronics 9, no. 6 (June 4, 2020): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9060933.

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This paper analyzes the economic feasibility of a business model for multi-Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) and Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs), which is an envisioned scenario in mobile telecommunications markets supported by 5G networks. A business model for the provision of service to end-users through an MVNO using the infrastructure support of two MNOs is proposed. We analyze the proposal though a model that captures both system and economic features. As regards the systems features, an MVNO provides service to final users using the infrastructure support of two MNOs. The agreement between MVNO and MNOs is such that the MVNO will split the network traffic between the two MNOs and will pay to each MNO for the traffic served through its infrastructure. As regards the economic features, the incentives are modelled through the user utilities and the operators’ profits; and game theory is used to model the strategic interaction between the users’ subscription decision and the MNO network capacities decision. We conclude that such a model is feasible from an economic point of view for all the actors.

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20

Zhang, Yingxiao, Suzhi Bi, and Ying-Jun Angela Zhang. "Joint Spectrum Reservation and On-Demand Request for Mobile Virtual Network Operators." IEEE Transactions on Communications 66, no. 7 (July 2018): 2966–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2018.2809724.

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21

Ulset, Svein. "Mobile virtual network operators: a strategic transaction cost analysis of preliminary experiences." Telecommunications Policy 26, no. 9-10 (October 2002): 537–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-5961(02)00030-7.

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22

Marco Alaez, Ricardo, Jose M. Alcaraz Calero, Qi Wang, Fatna Belqasmi, May El Barachi, Mohamad Badra, and Omar Alfandi. "Open-Source Based Testbed for Multioperator 4G/5G Infrastructure Sharing in Virtual Environments." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1984314.

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Fourth-Generation (4G) mobile networks are based on Long-Term Evolution (LTE) technologies and are being deployed worldwide, while research on further evolution towards the Fifth Generation (5G) has been recently initiated. 5G will be featured with advanced network infrastructure sharing capabilities among different operators. Therefore, an open-source implementation of 4G/5G networks with this capability is crucial to enable early research in this area. The main contribution of this paper is the design and implementation of such a 4G/5G open-source testbed to investigate multioperator infrastructure sharing capabilities executed in virtual architectures. The proposed design and implementation enable the virtualization and sharing of some of the components of the LTE architecture. A testbed has been implemented and validated with intensive empirical experiments conducted to validate the suitability of virtualizing LTE components in virtual infrastructures (i.e., infrastructures with multitenancy sharing capabilities). The impact of the proposed technologies can lead to significant saving of both capital and operational costs for mobile telecommunication operators.

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23

Sacoto-Cabrera, Erwin J., Angel Sanchis-Cano, Luis Guijarro, José Ramón Vidal, and Vicent Pla. "Strategic Interaction between Operators in the Context of Spectrum Sharing for 5G Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (October 11, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4308913.

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5G networks will make network sharing agreements between mobile operators technically possible. However, depending on the agreed and implemented quality-of-service isolation, the provision of services may lead to unsustainable business cases. In this paper, the economic feasibility of such arrangements is analyzed for the case of two operators. Concretely, while one network operator owns the spectrum, one virtual operator does not, and each one provides service to its subscriber base. Two sharing alternatives, namely, pooling and priority sharing, are studied regarding the profits that each operator gets. We conclude that the network operator is worse off under any circumstances under a pooling agreement, while a lump sum payment may leave the network operator better off under a priority sharing agreement.

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24

FU, GUEY LAN, CHYAN YANG, and GWO HSHIUNG TZENG. "A MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS ON THE STRATEGIES TO OPEN TAIWAN'S MOBILE VIRTUAL NETWORK OPERATORS SERVICES." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 06, no. 01 (March 2007): 85–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622007002320.

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This study investigates the trends followed by MVNOs (Mobile Virtual Network Operators) in the last three years and analyzes the strategies that can contribute to the success of Taiwan's telecommunications industry and marketing. We apply the method and concept of PATTERN (Planning Assistance Through Technical Evaluation of Relevance Number) to establish relevant systems for searching out the key successful factors of strategies to attract MVNOs. We also use the fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method for analyzing the different preference of a decision group in the criteria weights and for ranking the alternatives in a fuzzy environment in order to provide a strategy scheme. These results provide a reference to assist telecommunications operators, 3G license owners, potential MVNOs, and equipment manufacturers when working out business plans.

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25

Sunday Oladayo Oladejo, Stephen Obono Ekwe, and Lateef Adesola Akinyemi. "Multi-tier multi-tenant network slicing: A multi-domain games approach." ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies 2, no. 6 (September 23, 2021): 57–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.52953/dxzq6155.

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The 5G slice networks will play a critical role in meeting the stringent quality-of-service requirements of different use cases, reducing the Capital Expenditure (CapEX) and Operational Expenditure (OpEX) of mobile network operators. Owing to the flexibility and ability of 5G slice networks to meet the needs of different verticals, it attracts new network players and entities to the mobile network ecosystem, and therefore it creates new business models and structures. Motivated by this development, this paper addresses the dynamic resource allocation in a multi-slice multi-tier multi-domain network with different network players. The dynamic resource allocation problem is formulated as a maximum utility optimisation problem from a multiplayer multi-domain perspective. Furthermore, a 3-level hierarchical business model comprising Infrastructure Providers (InPs), Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs), Service Providers (SPs), and slice users are investigated. We propose two schemes: a multi-tier multi-domain slice user matching game scheme and a distributed backtracking multiplayer multi-domain game scheme in solving the transformed maximum utility optimisation problem. We compare the multi-tier multi-tenant multi-domain game scheme with a Genetic Algorithm (GA) Intelligent Latency-Aware Resource (GI-LARE) allocation scheme, and a static slicing resource allocation scheme via Monte Carlo simulation. Our findings reveal that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms these other schemes.

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26

Chen, Geng, Xu Zhang, Fei Shen, and Qingtian Zeng. "Two Tier Slicing Resource Allocation Algorithm Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning and Joint Bidding in Wireless Access Networks." Sensors 22, no. 9 (May 4, 2022): 3495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093495.

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Network slicing (NS) is an emerging technology in recent years, which enables network operators to slice network resources (e.g., bandwidth, power, spectrum, etc.) in different types of slices, so that it can adapt to different application scenarios of 5 g network: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC) and ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC). In order to allocate these sliced network resources more effectively to users with different needs, it is important that manage the allocation of network resources. Actually, in the practical network resource allocation problem, the resources of the base station (BS) are limited and the demand of each user for mobile services is different. To better deal with the resource allocation problem, more effective methods and algorithms have emerged in recent years, such as the bidding method, deep learning (DL) algorithm, ant colony algorithm (AG), and wolf colony algorithm (WPA). This paper proposes a two tier slicing resource allocation algorithm based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and joint bidding in wireless access networks. The wireless virtual technology divides mobile operators into infrastructure providers (InPs) and mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs). This paper considers a single base station, multi-user shared aggregated bandwidth radio access network scenario and joins the MVNOs to fully utilize base station resources, and divides the resource allocation process into two tiers. The algorithm proposed in this paper takes into account both the utilization of base station (BS) resources and the service demand of mobile users (MUs). In the upper tier, each MVNO is treated as an agent and uses a combination of bidding and Deep Q network (DQN) allows the MVNO to get more resources from the base station. In the lower tier allocation process, each MVNO distributes the received resources to the users who are connected to it, which also uses the Dueling DQN method for iterative learning to find the optimal solution to the problem. The results show that in the upper tier, the total system utility function and revenue obtained by the proposed algorithm are about 5.4% higher than double DQN and about 2.6% higher than Dueling DQN; In the lower tier, the user service quality obtained by using the proposed algorithm is more stable, the system utility function and Se are about 0.5–2.7% higher than DQN and Double DQN, but the convergence is faster.

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27

Sitompul, Asril. "MASALAH HUKUM DALAM PENGGUNAAN SPEKTRUM FREKUENSI RADIO DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan 2, no. 3 (April 23, 2018): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.25216/jhp.2.3.2013.405-426.

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Meanwhile there are nine telecommunications operators in Indonesia have the license to use radio frequency spectrum (Mobile Network Operator – MNO) and some operators that did not have the license. With the increase of the cellular and fixed wireless operators and the increase of users of the internet provided by Internet Service Provider (―ISP‖) through wireless networks using radio frequency spectrum, then the need of Radio frequency spectrum also increased. The effort to overcome the rare radio frequency spectrum conducted by development of radio frequency spectrum technology, among others by using multiple access system. This system may be conducted by division of time, frequency, or code. Other system is by using the concept of Mobile Virtual Network Operator (―MVNO‖) by relationship between the licensed and unlicensed operators, i.e. by leasing of the spectrum. In Indonesia, there was no regulation regarding MVNO, so there was a question about whether the MVNOs include in the category of radio frequency spectrum users and whether or not the MVNO required to have license and pay the BHP for the use of frequency. Therefore it is necessary to have a change in the existing regulations to make clear the status and the existence of the unlicensed users of radio frequency spectrum as the MVNOs. Keyword: Spectrum, users, utilization, MVNO, regulation

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28

Li, Shuqin, Jianwei Huang, and Shuo-Yen Robert Li. "Dynamic Profit Maximization of Cognitive Mobile Virtual Network Operator." IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 13, no. 3 (March 2014): 526–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2013.10.

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Sehgal, Vineet, Mahim Sagar, and Ravi Shankar. "Modelling of Key Success Factors for Mobile Virtual Network Operators in Indian Telecommunication Market." Global Business Review 17, no. 6 (September 20, 2016): 1314–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150916660395.

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30

Shin, Dong Hee. "Overlay networks in the West and the East: a techno-economic analysis of mobile virtual network operators." Telecommunication Systems 37, no. 4 (April 2008): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11235-008-9105-1.

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31

Ma, Lu, Xiangming Wen, Luhan Wang, Zhaoming Lu, Raymond Knopp, and Irfan Ghauri. "A Biological Model for Resource Allocation and User Dynamics in Virtualized HetNet." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (September 27, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1745904.

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Virtualization technology is considered an effective measure to enhance resource utilization and interference management via radio resource abstraction in heterogeneous networks (HetNet). The critical challenge in wireless virtualization is virtual resource allocation on which substantial works have been done. However, most existing researches on virtual resource allocation focus on improving total utility. Different from the existing works, we investigate the dynamic-aware virtual radio resource allocation in virtualization based HetNet considering utility and fairness. A virtual radio resource management framework is proposed, where the radio resources of different physical networks are virtualized into a virtual resource pool and mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs) compete for virtual resources from the pool to provide service to users. A virtual radio resource allocation algorithm based on biological model is developed, considering system utility, fairness, and dynamics. Simulation results are provided to verify that the proposed virtual resource allocation algorithm not only converges within a few iterations, but also achieves a better trade-off between total utility and fairness than existing algorithm. Besides, it can also be utilized to analyze the population dynamics of system.

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32

Saleh, Wardah, and Shahrin Chowdhury. "RANSlicing: Towards Multi-Tenancy in 5G Radio Access Networks." International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks 14, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijwmn.2022.14204.

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A significant purpose of 5G networks is allowing sharing resources among different network tenants such as service providers and Mobile Virtual network Operators. Numerous domains are taken in account regarding resource sharing containing different infrastructure (storage, compute and networking), Radio Access Network (RAN) and Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum. RAN and spectrum, transport. Spectrum sharing and RAN are anticipated as the fundamental part in multi-tenant 5G network. Nevertheless, there is a shortage of evaluation platforms to determine the number of benefits that can be acquired from multilevel spectrum sharing rather than single-level spectrum sharing. The work presented in this paper intend to address this issue by presenting a modified SimuLTE model is used for evaluating active RAN based on multi-tenant 5G networks. The result shows an understanding into the actual advantages of RAN slicing for multi-tenants in 5G networks.

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33

Mei, Xiaowei, Hsing Kenneth Cheng, Subhajyoti Bandyopadhyay, Liangfei Qiu, and Lai Wei. "Sponsored Data: Smarter Data Pricing with Incomplete Information." Information Systems Research 33, no. 1 (March 2022): 362–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/isre.2021.1063.

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With the development of data-intensive internet services, the world has witnessed explosive growth in mobile data consumption during the last couple of years. The upcoming generation of 5G-capable phones and networks will continue and even accelerate that process. At the same time, consumers are becoming more conscious about their data consumption because their monthly caps of mobile data plans can be easily exhausted by premium content, such as high-definition videos and virtual-reality games. In response, the mobile network operators (MNOs) have proposed a new business model, the so-called sponsored data plans, to subsidize consumers by transferring at least part of the data bills from consumers to content providers. Although industry practitioners claim that sponsored data plans increase consumer welfare, our analysis reveals that the impact of sponsored data on consumer surplus depends crucially on whether the MNO has complete information of the consumers’ valuation of mobile data. Our analysis helps provide a clearer picture of the impact of sponsored data on consumer surplus while reconciling the conflicting views from scholars, digital rights groups, and the network carriers.

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34

Li, Chuanyin, Jiandong Li, Yuzhou Li, and Zhu Han. "Pricing Game With Complete or Incomplete Information About Spectrum Inventories for Mobile Virtual Network Operators." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 68, no. 11 (November 2019): 11118–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2944088.

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35

Smura, Timo, Annukka Kiiski, and Heikki Hämmäinen. "Virtual operators in the mobile industry: a techno-economic analysis." NETNOMICS: Economic Research and Electronic Networking 8, no. 1-2 (October 2007): 25–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11066-008-9012-3.

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36

Sun, Fei, Fen Hou, Haibo Zhou, Bo Liu, Jiacheng Chen, and Lin Gui. "Equilibriums in the Mobile-Virtual-Network-Operator-Oriented Data Offloading." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 67, no. 2 (February 2018): 1622–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2017.2749600.

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37

Ge, Liping, and Jinhe Zhou. "Game-based cache allocation strategy for ICN slicing." MATEC Web of Conferences 336 (2021): 05030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133605030.

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To reduce the delay of content acquisition, this paper proposes a game-based cache allocation strategy in the Information-Centric Network (ICN) slice. The cache resource allocation of different mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs) is modeled as a non-cooperative game model. The Newton iterative method is used to solve this problem, and the cache space allocated by the base station for each MVNO is obtained. Finally, the Nash equilibrium solution is obtained. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the delay.

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38

Kennedy, David. "Australian Mobile Survey 2021: Mobile Buying and Churn Drivers Stable." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 9, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v9n2.422.

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Venture Insights has been surveying Australian mobile consumers annually since 2018. The latest survey was conducted in March 2021 and included 1,019 respondents. The results show that price and network performance remain the main purchasing drivers for mobile services, with more than 90% of respondents rating them as important or very important. On price, 86% did not expect to spend more each year for their mobile phone services, which is consistent with previous surveys. The persistent importance of price shows that mobile services are seen as a commodity by many customers. A total of 38% of respondents were considering churning their mobile phone service; of these respondents, 40% chose price as the key churn driver. There is consistent focus on Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs) driven by price. The survey results suggested that the total market share for MVNOs could increase by 6 percentage points, if all respondents indicating a move to an MVNO actually did so. Only 20% of respondents indicated they were willing to pay more for 5G mobile services or handsets. A majority (55%) of respondents change their mobile phones every 2-3 years; 39% said they would consider purchasing a recycled/refurbished mobile phone at a lower price.

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Leiter, Ákos, and László Bokor. "A Flow-Based and Operator-Centric Dynamic Mobility Management Scheme for Proxy Mobile IPv6." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (April 14, 2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4567317.

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The continuous increase of mobile data traffic volume creates new challenges for telecommunication network operators. As a possible solution, many traffic offloading techniques have been proposed. In parallel, there is a trend to handle all the access techniques under the umbrella of IP, including non-3GPP networks (e.g., Wi-Fi), mainly with the help of IPv6. In this paper we provide a new architectural proposal in Evolved Packet Core (EPC) described as flow-based and operator-centric dynamic mobility management with Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6). This new approach is supported by current EPC entities including Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF), Access Network Discovery and Selection Function (ANDSF), and Local Mobility Anchor (LMA) and by defining a novel communication scheme between them. The proposal was evaluated in a virtual testbed environment, and measurements based simulations were carried out where the solution showed significant benefits by enhancing operator flexibility, increasing user experience, and decreasing signaling overhead due to its highly dynamic operation and optimized flow-level behavior.

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40

Raddwan, Basheer, Khalil AL-Wagih, Ibrahim A. Al-Baltah, Mohamed A. Alrshah, and Mohammed A. Al-Maqri. "Path Mapping Approach for Network Function Virtualization Resource Allocation with Network Function Decomposition Support." Symmetry 11, no. 9 (September 16, 2019): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11091173.

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Recently, Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Networking (SDN) have attracted many mobile operators. For the flexible deployment of Network Functions (NFs) in an NFV environment, NF decompositions and control/user plane separation have been introduced in the literature. That is to map traditional functions into their corresponding Virtual Network Functions (VNFs). This mapping requires the NFV Resource Allocation (NFV-RA) for multi-path service graphs with a high number of virtual nodes and links, which is a complex NP-hard problem that inherited its complexity from the Virtual Network Embedding (VNE). This paper proposes a new path mapping approach to solving the NFV-RA problem for decomposed Network Service Chains (NSCs). The proposed solution has symmetrically considered optimizing an average embedding cost with an enhancement on average execution time. The proposed approach has been compared to two other existing schemes using 6 and 16 scenarios of short and long simulation runs, respectively. The impact of the number of nodes, links and paths of the service requests on the proposed scheme has been studied by solving more than 122,000 service requests. The proposed Integer Linear Programming (ILP) and heuristic schemes have reduced the execution time up to 39.58% and 6.42% compared to existing ILP and heuristic schemes, respectively. Moreover, the proposed schemes have also reduced the average embedding cost and increased the profit for the service providers.

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41

Hassan, Ashwaq N., Sarab Al-Chlaihawi, and Ahlam R. Khekan. "Artificial intelligence techniques over the fifth generation mobile networks: a review." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i1.pp317-328.

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A well Fifth generation (5G) mobile networks have been a common phrase in recent years. We have all heard this phrase and know its importance. By 2025, the number of devices based on the fifth generation of mobile networks will reach about 100 billion devices. By then, about 2.5 billion users are expected to consume more than a gigabyte of streamed data per month. 5G will play important roles in a variety of new areas, from smart homes and cars to smart cities, virtual reality and mobile augmented reality, and 4K video streaming. Bandwidth much higher than the fourth generation, more reliability and less latency are some of the features that distinguish this generation of mobile networks from previous generations. Clearly, at first glance, these features may seem very impressive and useful to a mobile network, but these features will pose serious challenges for operators and communications companies. All of these features will lead to considerable complexity. Managing this network, preventing errors, and minimizing latency are some of the challenges that the 5th generation of mobile networks will bring. Therefore, the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning is a good way to solve these challenges. in other say, in such a situation, proper management of the 5G network must be done using powerful tools such as artificial intelligence. Various researches in this field are currently being carried out. Research that enables automated management and servicing and reduces human error as much as possible. In this paper, we will review the artificial intelligence techniques used in communications networks. Creating a robust and efficient communications network using artificial intelligence techniques is a great incentive for future research. The importance of this issue is such that the sixth generation (6G) of cellular communications; There is a lot of emphasis on the use of artificial intelligence.

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42

Curwen, Peter, and Jason Whalley. "The licensing of mobile operators in European markets and the consequences of new entry for competition." info 17, no. 3 (May 11, 2015): 16–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/info-01-2015-0014.

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Purpose – This paper aims to investigate whether new entry via mobile licensing in Europe has had any longer-term consequences for competition. Design/methodology/approach – A database is presented covering certain recent periods and the issue of licences for the provision of 2G, 3G and 4G mobile services. Findings – It would appear that new entry has had very little overall effect on competition, although Hutchison Whampoa has, almost uniquely, forced a response from incumbents via a strategy of low prices, albeit without gaining significant market share at their expense. Research limitations/implications – Interpretation of databases cannot by its very nature be entirely free from ambiguity. Practical implications – In practice, given that very few 4G (long-term evolution) licence regulations have reserved spectrum for new entrants, it may be presumed that most regulators in European countries have already observed that such new entry as is likely to be attracted will take the form of poorly funded companies from outside the mobile sector rather than incumbents from other countries. Social implications – Choice of incumbent network is being reduced, although mobile virtual network operators remain active. The implications for prices and service quality are for now a matter of debate. Originality/value – The databases underpinning this analysis are not available from other sources in the private or public domain in the form presented in this paper.

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43

Zhuang Qiao, Shunliang Zhang, Liuqun Zhai, and Xiaohui Zhang. "Encrypted 5G over-the-top voice traffic classification using deep learning." ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies 3, no. 3 (December 9, 2022): 779–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.52953/eyif3681.

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With the commercialization of fifth-generation (5G), the rapid popularity of mobile Over-The-Top (OTT) voice applications brings huge impacts on the traditional telecommunication voice call services. Tunnel encryption technology such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) allow OTT users to escape the supervision of network operators easily, which may cause potential security risks to cyberspace. To monitor harmful OTT applications in the context of 5G, it is critical to identify encrypted OTT voice traffic. However, there is no comprehensive study on typical OTT voice traffic identification. This paper mainly focuses on analyzing OTT voice traffic in the 5G network specifically. We propose employing Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to identify encrypted 5G OTT voice traffic, study the identification performance of used deep learning methods in three different scenarios. To verify the performance of the proposed approach, we collect 28 types of typical OTT and non-OTT voice traffic from the experimental 5G network. Experimental results prove the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach in encrypted 5G OTT voice traffic identification.

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44

Guo, Aipeng, and Chunhui Yuan. "Network Intelligent Control and Traffic Optimization Based on SDN and Artificial Intelligence." Electronics 10, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10060700.

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For telecom operators, it is of great significance to employ artificial intelligence (AI) and big data technology in a software-defined network (SDN) in order to achieve intelligent network control, traffic management and optimization. This paper proposes a solution for intelligent work control and traffic optimization. This paper is mainly focused on SDN-based network traffic algorithm optimization and experimental verification. In this paper, we design a network control mechanism for network intelligent control as well as solutions for traffic optimization based on SDN and artificial intelligence. We analyze operators’ network requirements (e.g., the carrying of the 5th generation mobile network (5G) service, multi-protocol label switching virtual private networks optimization, cloudification of services and the IP backbone network). Then, we propose an intelligent network control architecture based on SDN and artificial intelligence. The proposed architecture consists of three modules, including a network status collection/perception module, an AI intelligent analysis module and an SDN controller module. Moreover, this paper also analyzes the objects of traffic optimization as well as routing calculation algorithms (e.g., the greedy algorithm, the top-k-shortest paths (KSP) algorithm) and routing optimization algorithms (e.g., particle swarm optimization, simulated annealing and genetic algorithms). In addition, we also put forward three optimization algorithms for the operator’s network, namely, network congestion control and prevention algorithms, resource preemption algorithms and balance of the entire network traffic algorithms. Then, we propose optimization algorithms for the above three objectives of operator network optimization, respectively. Finally, we conduct large-scale experiments to verify the effectiveness of the control mechanism and algorithms. The experimental results demonstrate that the use of SDN and artificial intelligence in operator networks can realize network intelligent control and traffic optimization more intelligently.

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45

Abdah, Hadeel, João Paulo Barraca, and Rui L. Aguiar. "Exploiting Virtual Machine Commonality for Improved Resource Allocation in Edge Networks." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 9, no. 4 (December 13, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan9040058.

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5G systems are putting increasing pressure on Telecom operators to enhance users’ experience, leading to the development of more techniques with the aim of improving service quality. However, it is essential to take into consideration not only users’ demands but also service providers’ interests. In this work, we explore policies that satisfy both views. We first formulate a mathematical model to compute End-to-End (E2E) delay experienced by mobile users in Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) environments. Then, dynamic Virtual Machine (VM) allocation policies are presented, with the objective of satisfying mobile users Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, while optimally using the cloud resources by exploiting VM resource reuse.Thus, maximizing the service providers’ profit should be ensured while providing the service required by users. We further demonstrate the benefits of these policies in comparison with previous works.

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46

Tipantuña, Christian, and Xavier Hesselbach. "Adaptive Energy Management in 5G Network Slicing: Requirements, Architecture, and Strategies." Energies 13, no. 15 (August 2, 2020): 3984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153984.

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Energy consumption is a critical issue for the communications network operators, impacting deeply the cost of the services, as well as the ecological footprint. Network slicing architecture for 5G mobile communications enables multiple independent virtual networks to be created on top of a common shared physical infrastructure. Each network slice needs different types of resources, including energy, to fulfill the demands requested by each application, operator, or vertical market. The existing literature on network slicing is mainly targeted at the partition of network resources; however, the corresponding management of energy consumption is an unconsidered critical concern. This paper analyzes the requirements for an energy-aware 5G network slicing provisioning according to the 3GPP specifications, proposes an architecture, and studies the strategies to provide efficient energy consumption in terms of renewable and non-renewable sources. NFV and SDN technologies are the essential enablers and leverage the Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity provided by 5G networks. This paper also presents the technical 5G technology documentation related to the proposal, the requirements for adaptive energy management, and the Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation of the energy management model. To validate the improvements, an exact optimal algorithmic solution is presented and some heuristic strategies.

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47

Kim, Byung Woon, and Sung Uk Park. "Determination of the Optimal Access Charge for the Mobile Virtual Network Operator System." ETRI Journal 26, no. 6 (December 9, 2004): 665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4218/etrij.04.0204.0016.

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48

Lee, Sangwon, Sylvia M. Chan-Olmsted, and Hsiao-Hui Ho. "The Emergence of Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs): An Examination of the Business Strategy in the Global MVNO Market." International Journal on Media Management 10, no. 1 (February 15, 2008): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14241270701820424.

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49

SUN, XINGMING, HUOWANG CHEN, LIHUA YANG, and Y. Y. TANG. "MATHEMATICAL REPRESENTATION OF A CHINESE CHARACTER AND ITS APPLICATIONS." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 16, no. 06 (September 2002): 735–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001402001939.

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In this paper, a novel method to express Chinese characters mathematically is presented based on the knowledge of the structure of Chinese characters. Each Chinese character can be denoted by a mathematical expression in which the operands are components of Chinese characters and the operators are the location relations between the components. Five hundred five components are selected and 6 operators are defined to express all the Chinese characters successfully. These mathematical expressions of Chinese characters are simple, natural, and can be operated like the common mathematical expression of numbers. It makes Chinese information processing much simpler than before. This theory has been applied successfully in fonts automation, Chinese information transmission among different platforms and different operating systems on Internet, and knowledge discovery of the structure of Chinese characters. It can also be applied extensively to many areas such as typesetting, advertising, packing design, virtual library, network transmission, pattern recognition and Chinese mobile communication.

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50

Xiao, Xun, Rui Zhang, Jianping Wang, Chunming Qiao, and Kejie Lu. "An optimal pricing scheme to improve transmission opportunities for a mobile virtual network operator." Computer Networks 99 (April 2016): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2016.02.004.

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