Дисертації з теми "Viol conjugal"

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This research presents a discussion about domestic violence and orphanage. Through the methodological approach developed by the German researcher Gabriele Rosenthal, sociologically established by the studies of Alfred Schutz, it was possible to permeate Joaquim?s life-world and understand how he experienced his mother?s death in a context of domestic violence. The focus of this research refers to the subjective and biographical construction of orphanage in a domestic violence context. After the biographical analysis steps, it was possible to compare manifest and latent contents of Joaquim?s narrative and come to the conclusion that, despite the importance in the interviewee?s life, the death of his mother is not the main episode of his biography. The connecting thread of his trajectory is the fact that he grew up in an orphan asylum, without his father and his mother. This situation is what makes Joaquim try to find resources to survive and get rid of the stigma. One of the distinguishing aspects of this work is that it connects the individual to the social spheres with the analysis of a single case ? Joaquim?s mother was murdered when he was five years old ? and, with this methodological approach, produces theory. Concepts of family, marital violence, death and orphanage are presented. The goal is to contribute with a discussion that still is not very explored in Brazil and to demonstrate how the biographical narrative approach can contribute with sociology in Brazil.
A presente pesquisa prop?e uma discuss?o acerca da viol?ncia dom?stica e da orfandade. Por meio da abordagem metodol?gica desenvolvida pela pesquisadora alem? Gabriele Rosenthal, sociologicamente fundamentada nos estudos de Alfred Schutz, foi poss?vel permear o mundo da vida de Joaquim e compreender de que maneira ele experienciou a morte da m?e em um contexto de viol?ncia dom?stica. O ponto central deste estudo refere-se ? constru??o subjetiva e biogr?fica da orfandade nestas circunst?ncias. Ap?s percorrermos os passos da an?lise biogr?fica foi poss?vel comparar conte?dos manifestos e latentes da narrativa do entrevistado e concluir que, apesar de marcante na vida de Joaquim, a morte da m?e n?o ? o tema central da sua biografia. O fio condutor da sua trajet?ria ? o fato de ter crescido em abrigo "sem pai nem m?e". ? com rela??o a esta situa??o que busca recursos para sobreviver e para se librar do estigma. Um dos diferenciais desta disserta??o est?, portanto, em conectar o individual com o social, a partir da an?lise de um caso ?nico - Joaquim que teve a m?e morta quando ele tinha cinco anos - e, com esta abordagem metodol?gica, produzir teoria. Para que se chegasse a este entendimento foram discutidos, ao longo do trabalho, conceitos centrados em fam?lia, viol?ncia dom?stica, morte e orfandade. O objetivo ? cooperar com um debate ainda pouco explorado no Brasil e tamb?m demonstrar de que maneira a abordagem de narrativa biogr?fica pode contribuir com a sociologia brasileira.

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N?o possui resumo

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A viol?ncia dom?stica ? considerada um problema de sa?de p?blica e uma viola??o dos direitos humanos. A import?ncia de estudar esta tem?tica encontra-se tanto no sofrimento ps?quico que esta engendra como nos efeitos que produz nas pessoas pr?ximas, pois o que se observa ? a perpetua??o da viol?ncia ao longo das gera??es. Investigar a din?mica que contribui expressivamente no estabelecimento de rela??es amorosas que resultam na viol?ncia contra a mulher parece crucial para a busca de formas de cessa??o desta adversidade. Esta disserta??o tem como objetivo estudar a influ?ncia da hist?ria de vida na escolha conjugal de mulheres que sofrem viol?ncia dom?stica. ? composta por tr?s se??es. A primeira se??o ? de cunho te?rico e teve como objetivo abordar as contribui??es da Psican?lise no que se refere ? escolha conjugal e aos efeitos ps?quicos que dela decorrem. Considerou-se a possibilidade de esta escolha representar um aprisionamento em padr?es repetitivos de relacionamento ou possibilitar a aquisi??o/transforma??o de recursos internos capazes de mover o indiv?duo para a felicidade/satisfa??o conjugal e, tamb?m, pessoal. A segunda se??o, emp?rica (desenvolvida a partir de pressupostos metodol?gicos qualitativos), apresenta o estudo que responde ao projeto de pesquisa e que foi realizado com a participa??o de 12 mulheres. Todas as mulheres responderam a uma Ficha de Dados Pessoais e Sociodemogr?ficos e a uma Entrevista Semiestruturada norteada por tr?s grandes eixos: a) a hist?ria de vida da participante; b) as escolhas conjugais; e c) a situa??o de viol?ncia vivenciada atualmente e a busca de ajuda. Os achados foram analisados pelo m?todo de An?lise de Conte?do e interpretados com pressupostos da teoria psicanal?tica. Foram identificadas unidades de registro que resultaram em tr?s categorias finais (ilustradas com vinhetas das falas dos participantes): a) experi?ncias de viol?ncia e desamparo na hist?ria de vida: o excesso no cotidiano; b) escolhas amorosas: a desilus?o no cen?rio da repeti??o e c) busca pela independ?ncia: possibilidade de Transforma-A??o. Os aspectos abordados permitem compreender a viol?ncia dom?stica como resultante de uma hist?ria de vida marcada por viv?ncias traum?ticas que move estas mulheres, atrav?s da compuls?o ? repeti??o, para a realiza??o de escolhas conjugais que propiciam um cen?rio violento. Prop?e-se a express?o Transforma-A??o como uma alternativa de compreens?o de uma possibilidade de cessa??o da viol?ncia, pois se acredita que, ao nomear o excesso que invadiu o psiquismo dessas mulheres, fica mais f?cil integrar as excita??es ps?quicas e, assim, libertar-se do circuito da compuls?o ? repeti??o. Entende-se que os recursos e estrat?gias de preven??o da viol?ncia dom?stica devem considerar de forma imperiosa a relev?ncia de oferecer ?s mulheres v?timas de tal fen?meno um espa?o de escuta que testemunhe os seus sofrimentos e ofere?a uma rela??o pautada pelo respeito e acolhimento, talvez nunca antes vivenciados por elas. A terceira e ?ltima se??o, te?rica, examina a rede de apoio dispon?vel para a assist?ncia ?s mulheres v?timas de viol?ncia e discorre a respeito do hist?rico de seu surgimento, assim como identifica o panorama atual da rede de apoio no pa?s.

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This work constitutes a study of the relations of power that forged the myth of romantic love and that produced effects of subjectivation in the minds and bodies of lovers. These effects are still present in ideas that circulate in contemporaneity. The theoretical path chosen to discuss violent relations established in romantic love have been the presentation of relation between the notion of the modern individual and hyperinvestment in intimacy as a molar force in the history of modern thought. The study was based on Foucault's genealogical method and on the historical and critical analyses of Richard Sennett and Alain Renaut, as well as on contributions to an active way of life, based on Espinosa's ethics, Foucault's concept of self-care and Braidotti???s nomadism. This thesis develops the concepts of ???love-norm??? and ???loveexperience???. The aim was to display, in the discourse of intimacy, the operation of desire and power in the production of romantic love ideal and its relation with the intimate partner violence.
Este trabalho se constitui no estudo das rela????es de poder que forjaram o mito do amor rom??ntico e que produziram os efeitos de subjetiva????o nas mentes e corpos dos amantes. Tais efeitos est??o presentes ainda nas ideias que circulam na contemporaneidade. O caminho te??rico escolhido para problematizar as rela????es violentas gestadas no amor rom??ntico foi o de apresentar a rela????o entre a no????o de indiv??duo moderno e o hiperinvestimento na intimidade como for??as molares que constitu??ram a hist??ria do pensamento moderno. O desenvolvimento foi feito com base no m??todo geneal??gico de Foucault e nas an??lises hist??ricas e cr??ticas de Richard Sennett e Alain Renaut, bem como nas contribui????es para um modo de vida ativo, apoiada na ??tica de Espinosa, no conceito de cuidado de si de Foucault e de nomadismo de Braidotti. Nesta tese est??o desenvolvidos os conceitos de amornorma e amor-experi??ncia. O objetivo foi o de desvelar, no discurso da intimidade, o funcionamento do desejo e do poder na produ????o do ideal de amor rom??ntico e sua rela????o com a viol??ncia conjugal.

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Violence against women has been focus of researches and interventions, being considered a public health problem. Several studies show that this phenomenon can cause severe health damages to women, including psychological symptoms and difficulties in emotional self-regulation. This thesis involves two empirical studies with quantitative, correlational and transversal design, with a sample of 47 women with history of domestic violence. The first study evaluated depression, anxiety and emotional regulation levels. Furthermore, it was investigated the seriousness of violence situation and the level of suffered and perpetrated aggression by women. Lastly, it was investigated the difference on depression, anxiety and emotional regulation levels between women who had reported suffering violence and those who had identified suffering and perpetrating violence. The results indicated mild levels of anxiety, moderate levels of depression and emotional dysregulation among participants. Positive correlations in these variables were found and no differences in depression, anxiety and emotional regulation levels in studied groups. The second study evaluated the history of childhood maltreatment and extreme stress (complex trauma) diagnosis. The results revealed that all participants had maltreatment situations during childhood and 30% showed complex trauma diagnosis. It is concluded that domestic violence is a risk factor to women's mental health and that maltreatment history is often present in their lives. The results suggest the need of treatment protocols with focus on depression, complex trauma and emotional regulation.
A viol?ncia contra a mulher tem sido foco de pesquisas e interven??es por ser considerada um problema de sa?de p?blica. Estudos apontam que este fen?meno pode gerar preju?zos significativos para a sa?de da mulher, dentre eles destacam-se sintomas psicol?gicos e dificuldades para regular as emo??es. Esta disserta??o constitui-se de dois estudos emp?ricos com delineamento quantitativo, correlacional e transversal, e a amostra foi constitu?da por 47 mulheres com hist?rico de viol?ncia conjugal. O primeiro estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as rela??es entre n?veis de depress?o, ansiedade e n?veis de regula??o emocional. Tamb?m, investigou as t?ticas de resolu??o de conflitos conjugais e os n?veis das agress?es sofridos e perpetrados pelas mulheres. Al?m disso, foi investigado se h? diferen?as nas dimens?es de regula??o emocional e n?veis de depress?o e ansiedade nas mulheres que relataram sofrer viol?ncia e aquelas que identificaram sofrer e perpetrar viol?ncia. Os resultados indicaram que as participantes apresentaram n?veis leves de ansiedade, moderados de depress?o, n?veis moderados de dificuldades de regula??o emocional. Foram encontradas correla??es positivas entre estas vari?veis e n?o foram identificadas diferen?as entre os grupos de mulheres que sofreram viol?ncia e que sofreram e perpetraram viol?ncia nos n?veis de depress?o, ansiedade e regula??o emocional. O segundo estudo teve como objetivo avaliar hist?rico de maus tratos na inf?ncia e a presen?a do diagn?stico de estresse extremo (trauma complexo). Os resultados revelaram que todas as participantes apresentaram situa??es de maus tratos na inf?ncia e 30% apresentou diagn?stico de trauma complexo. Conclui-se que a viol?ncia conjugal ? um fator de risco para a sa?de mental de mulheres e que o hist?rico de maus tratos est? frequentemente presente na vida destas mulheres. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de protocolos de tratamento com foco em sintomas de depress?o, trauma complexo e regula??o emocional.

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This article aims to perform a systematic review of the literature about cognitive behavioral therapy protocols (CBT) for psychological treatment of women in situations of domestic violence. Method: A search was conducted on those data bases: Scielo, Pepsic, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science with the following descriptors: "clinical trial" or "therapy" or "psychotherapy" or "psychological treatment" AND "violence" or "mistreatment 15 "or" domestic violence "or" conjugal violence "AND" women". There were identified 1.329 articles in the initial search and after application of inclusion and exclusion criterias, remained 11 articles. Those were analyzed from those methodological aspects, those technical elements and the results. Results: Nine articles reported randomized clinical trials. All studies focused on symptoms of trauma, anxiety and depression. Conclusions: The articles focused on the avaliation of the results. It was identified the need for studies that detail the psychotherapeutic process, mainly in the national context, to promote practices based on evidences.
Este artigo teve como objetivo realizar uma revis?o sistem?tica da literatura sobre protocolos de terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC) para tratamento psicol?gico de mulheres em situa??es de viol?ncia dom?stica. M?todo: A busca foi realizada nas bases Scielo, Pepsic, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus e Web of Science com os seguintes descritores: ?clinical trial? or ?therapy? or ?psychotherapy? or ?psychological treatment? AND ?violence? or ?mistreatment? or ?domestic violence? or ?conjugal violence? AND ?women?. Foram identificados 1.329 artigos e, ap?s aplica??o de crit?rios de inclus?o e exclus?o, restaram 11 artigos. Estes foram analisados a partir de aspectos metodol?gicos, elementos de interven??o e resultados alcan?ados. Resultados: nove artigos relataram estudos cl?nicos randomizados. As interven??es tiveram como foco sintomas de trauma, ansiedade e depress?o. Conclus?es: Os artigos focaram a avalia??o de resultado. Identifica-se a necessidade de estudos que detalhem o processo psicoterap?utico, principalmente no contexto nacional, para qualificar as redes de atendimento com pr?ticas baseadas em evid?ncias.

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OBJECTIVE: To identify the reverberation of IPV on the emotional recognition process and cortisol levels of mothers and children, as well as on the maternal bond and emotional dysregulation of the mothers. METHOD: This thesis consists of five studies. The first study presented the adaptation and factor analysis of the Inventory of Perceived Maternal Attachment (IPVM), an instrument that assesses the maternal emotion bond. The second was a result of the Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Doutorado Sandu?che no Exterior PDSE - CAPES, and aimed to evaluate the relation between the mental health status of abused women, their partners violence toward the children and their maternal behavior. The third study investigated the impact that IPV and difficulties in emotional dysregulation have on maternal bond quality among women victims of IPV. The fourth study purposed to understand the impact of IPV on the ability to recognize facial expressions of emotion in women victims and their children. Finally, the last study investigated the chronic cortisol concentrations, measured through hair samples in women victims of sexual violence and their children. RESULTS: In the first study, exploratory factor analysis indicated the presence of two factors semantically congruent and complementary: interaction/affection and maternal perception. The second study highlighted the occurrence of IPV as a factor recrudescent for the probability of violence against the children of women victims of IPV, and the protective behaviors of mothers to children when facing the aggressive acts of their partners toward children shown to be associated with the mother s mental health. The third study found negative correlations between maternal bond quality and: IPV (physical, psychological or sexual violence), symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in children and difficulties in emotional regulation in mothers. The fourth study demonstrated that children exposed to marital violence had a greater bias to identify the emotion anger and fear in neutral faces, and mother s victims of IPV showed greater bias to fear. The fifth study unveiled that the cortisol levels of mothers victims of sexual violence and their children were higher than those of controls. CONCLUSION: The present thesis brings unprecedent results in the scientific literature. The studies presented here highlight the interpersonal, emotional, cognitive and biological impacts of IPV on women and their children. Given that violence is a complex phenomenon, it seems important to underline the significance of further studies on IPV and its reverberations beyond female victims, including the family system.
OBJETIVO: Identificar a reverbera??o da viol?ncia conjugal no processamento do reconhecimento emocional e nos n?veis de cortisol de m?es e filhos, assim como na vincula??o materna e na desregula??o emocional das m?es. M?TODO: A presente tese ? composta por cinco estudos. O primeiro estudo apresentou a adapta??o e an?lise fatorial do Invent?rio de Percep??o de Vincula??o Materna (IPVM), instrumento que avalia a vincula??o de m?es para com seus filhos. O segundo foi resultante do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Doutorado Sandu?che no Exterior PDSE - CAPES, e objetivou compreender a rela??o existente entre sa?de mental da mulher/m?e v?tima de viol?ncia conjugal, a viol?ncia provocada por seus companheiros para com as crian?as, e os comportamentos protetivos da m?e em rela??o ?s crian?as. O terceiro estudo investigou o impacto da viol?ncia conjugal e da desregula??o materna na vincula??o materna. O quarto estudo intencionou compreender os impactos da viol?ncia conjugal na habilidade de reconhecimento de express?es faciais de emo??o nas mulheres v?timas e em seus filhos. Por fim, o ?ltimo estudo investigou as concentra??es de cortisol cr?nico, mensurado por interm?dio de amostras de cabelo, em mulheres v?timas de viol?ncia sexual e seus filhos. RESULTADOS: No primeiro estudo, a An?lise Fatorial Explorat?ria apontou a presen?a de dois fatores semanticamente congruentes e complementares entre si: intera??o e afeto, e percep??o materna. O IPVM mostrou-se um instrumento consistente para avaliar a vincula??o materna de m?es com filhos. O segundo estudo destacou a ocorr?ncia de viol?ncia conjugal como fator recrudescente para a probabilidade de atos violentos do companheiro agressor para com os filhos da mulher v?tima de viol?ncia conjugal; assim como os comportamentos protetivos das m?es para com as crian?as frente aos atos agressivos de seus companheiros mostraram-se associados ? sa?de mental da m?e. O terceiro estudo evidenciou correla??es negativas entre o grau de vincula??o materna e: viol?ncia conjugal (f?sica, psicol?gica ou sexual), sintomas de transtorno de Estresse P?s-Traum?tico nas crian?as e dificuldades na regula??o emocional nas m?es. O quarto estudo salientou que as crian?as expostas ? viol?ncia conjugal apresentaram um maior vi?s para a identifica??o da emo??o raiva e medo frente a faces neutras, e as m?es v?timas de viol?ncia conjugal evidenciaram maior vi?s para medo. O quinto estudo desvelou que os n?veis de cortisol dos trinta dias anteriores ? pesquisa mostram-se significativamente mais elevados nas m?es vitimas de viol?ncia sexual e em seus filhos. CONSIDERA??ES FINAIS: A presente tese traz resultados in?ditos na literatura. Os estudos aqui apresentados destacam os impactos relacionais, emocionais, cognitivos e biol?gicos da viol?ncia conjugal nas mulheres e em seus filhos. Tendo em vista a viol?ncia ser um fen?meno complexo e biopsicossocial, salienta-se a import?ncia de novas investiga??es que contemplem o fen?meno e suas reverbera??es para al?m da mulher v?tima, que incluam o sistema familiar.

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This study proposes a comprehensive model of transgenerationality of family violence that considers not only the experience of abuse, but also the linking forms in childhood that originate from the parenting styles deficit. Still, this study demonstrates the deleterious consequences of these relational patterns in adult attachment and experience of intimate partner violence (IPV). This master thesis search from two empirical studies: 1) analyze the contribution of mistreatment in childhood, type of attachment in childhood and parenting styles for emotional dysregulation in adulthood and 2) to evaluate the effect of the difficulties of regulation emotional post-traumatic symptoms in women victims of conjugal violence. To do this, correlation analyzes were performed, and multiple logistic regression analyzes. The results point to significant contributions of deficit parenting styles and ill-treatment in childhood for emotional dysregulation in adulthood and insecure adult attachment patterns. Still, relationships were found between emotional dysregulation and post-traumatic symptoms in women victims of conjugal violence. Some limitations should be considered for the sample size and the absence of a control group. In future research, aims at increasing the sample, inclusion of a control group matched for age and education, so that you can identify mediating variables in the development of a secure attachment and adaptive emotion regulation strategies.
Este estudo prop?e um modelo amplo da transgeracionalidade da viol?ncia familiar que considera n?o s? a viv?ncia dos maus-tratos, mas tamb?m as formas de vincula??o na inf?ncia que se originam a partir dos estilos parentais deficit?rios. Ainda, o presente trabalho demonstra as consequ?ncias delet?rias destes padr?es relacionais no apego adulto e na viv?ncia de viol?ncia ?ntima por parceiros (IPV). A presente disserta??o de mestrado busca, a partir de dois estudos emp?ricos, 1) analisar a contribui??o dos maus-tratos na inf?ncia, tipo de apego na inf?ncia e estilos parentais para a desregula??o emocional na adultez e 2) avaliar o efeito das dificuldades de regula??o emocional na sintomatologia p?s-traum?tica em mulheres v?timas de viol?ncia conjugal. Para tal, foram realizadas an?lises de correla??o, an?lises de regress?o m?ltipla e log?stica. Os resultados apontam para contribui??es significativas dos estilos parentais deficit?rios e dos maus-tratos na inf?ncia para a desregula??o emocional na adultez e para padr?es de apego adulto inseguro. Ainda, foram encontradas rela??es entre a desregula??o emocional e a sintomatologia p?s-traum?tica nas mulheres v?timas de viol?ncia conjugal. Algumas limita??es devem ser consideradas relativas ao tamanho amostral e a aus?ncia de um grupo controle. Em pesquisas futuras, se objetiva o aumento da amostra, inser??o de um grupo controle pareado em idade e escolaridade, para que seja poss?vel identificar vari?veis mediadoras do desenvolvimento de um apego seguro e de estrat?gias de regula??o emocional adaptativa.

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A presente disserta??o vincula-se ? linha de pesquisa em Criminologia e Controle Social do PPGCCrim e ? tem?tica da aplica??o da justi?a restaurativa aos casos de viol?ncia dom?stica conjugal. No primeiro cap?tulo, pretende-se demonstrar que a resolu??o da viol?ncia dom?stica conjugal transcende a seara do direito pelos diversos aspectos psicodin?micos presentes na rela??o conjugal, pr?prios de conflitos interindividuais. Portanto, para que boas pr?ticas baseadas em componentes comunicativo-relacionais sejam difundidas, ? necess?rio que estes sejam avaliados. Por conseguinte, buscou-se demonstrar a aus?ncia de uma interven??o diferenciada para a viol?ncia dom?stica e contra a mulher, tendo em vista a inefic?cia do tratamento dispensado no ?mbito dos Juizados Especiais Criminais (Lei 9.099/95), bem como pelo vigente nos Juizados Especiais de Viol?ncia Dom?stica e Familiar contra a Mulher (Lei 11.340/06), os quais demonstram, dentre outras mazelas, a insatisfa??o das v?timas com o sistema. No segundo cap?tulo, procura-se trazer alguns conceitos, premissas, experi?ncias e pr?ticas envolvendo a justi?a restaurativa e a media??o penal e sua rela??o com o sistema penal. No terceiro e ?ltimo cap?tulo, analisa-se a media??o penal como meio de resolu??o da viol?ncia dom?stica conjugal, demonstrando-se alguns dos argumentos contr?rios e favor?veis a sua aplica??o, encontrados na doutrina estrangeira, uma vez que no Brasil a pesquisa ainda ? incipiente. Apesar disso, conclui-se que h? espa?o no Brasil para implement?-la, demandando, contudo, uma an?lise criteriosa, frente ? pluralidade de experi?ncias restaurativas e ?s diferentes formas de articula??o deste modelo com o sistema de justi?a criminal, buscando-se adequ?-la ? institucionaliza??o no Brasil.

Les violences au sein du couple sont un phénomène complexe et polymorphe, comprenant les violences physiques, psychologiques, sexuelles, et économiques. Elles constituent l’expression la plus courante des violences faites aux femmes dans le monde. Parmi elles, les violences sexuelles incluent toute activité sexuelle non consentie, obtenue par l’utilisation de la force ou de la coercition. En dépit de leurs conséquences délétères pour la santé mentale des victimes, ces violences demeurent peu étudiées. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est de contribuer à la compréhension de la dimension sexuelle des violences au sein du couple, en posant trois questions de recherche : à quelles violences sexuelles (type d’actes imposés, fréquence) les victimes sont-elles exposées ? Quelles sont les caractéristiques cliniques associées chez les victimes ? Comment les violences sexuelles, perpétrées par le partenaire intime, sont-elles vécues et interprétées par les victimes ? Méthode. Après avoir effectué une recension de la littérature, les données d’une première étude transversale d’un échantillon de femmes victimes de violences conjugales (N=93) ayant déposé plainte, recueillies via des questionnaires auto et hétéro administrés, ont fait l’objet d’analyses statistiques en clusters et comparatives. Les données d’une seconde étude, recueillies au travers d’entretiens non-directifs avec des femmes ayant révélé des violences sexuelles exercées par leur partenaire ont fait l’objet d’une analyse phénoménologique interprétative (N=7). Les résultats de la première étude indiquent que 65,6% des femmes victimes de violences conjugales de l’échantillon ont subi des violences sexuelles commises par leur partenaire. Parmi elles, quatre clusters ont été identifiés, correspondant à des contextes variables : « viols très fréquents » (5,4%), « coercition sexuelle prédominante » (20,4%), « formes multiples - fréquence intermédiaire » (20,4%), et « formes multiples – fréquence faible » (19,4%). Cette étude met en évidence la grande hétérogénéité des situations de violences sexuelles dans les relations violentes, et la tendance des femmes victimisées sexuellement à présenter des symptômes accentués de trouble de stress post-traumatique complexe. L’étude qualitative a permis d’identifier cinq thèmes majeurs dans l’expérience des victimes: les effets d’une dynamique sexuelle préexistante aux violences sexuelles, contribuant à « préparer le terrain »; un vécu de déshumanisation; la pénibilité d’une charge cognitive intense, liées aux tentatives de compréhension des agressions; un processus de réinterprétation rétrospective des violences sexuelles, après la séparation ; et le sentiment d’un impact psychologique toujours présent malgré la séparation. Cette étude révèle comment la détresse émotionnelle et l'incertitude cognitive sont présentes avant les violences sexuelles, pendant les violences sexuelles, et se poursuivent après la séparation. Elle montre également comment les victimes les interprètent dans le sens d’une vulnérabilité propre, au croisement entre antécédents traumatiques dans l’enfance et attachement insécure. Ce travail contribue à une amélioration des connaissances sur un sujet sensible et mal connu. Les implications en termes de prévention, de formation des professionnels, de repérage et de psychothérapie sont discutées. Davantage de recherches sont nécessaires pour avancer vers une prise en charge globale, intégrant les différentes dimensions et aspects complexes des violences conjugales
Intimate partner violence is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. It includes physical, psychological, sexual, economic and administrative violence, and is the most common form of violence against women worldwide. Intimate partner sexual violence includes any non-consensual sexual activity within a partnership that is obtained using force, threat or coercion. Despite its detrimental effects on mental health, intimate partner sexual violence remains under-researched, limiting our ability to understand and address the problem. The main objective of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of the sexual dimension of intimate partner violence. Three research questions are addressed: what situations of sexual victimization (types of acts, frequency) are intimate partner violence victims exposed to? What are the associated clinical characteristics among victims? And how is sexual violence experienced and interpreted when perpetrated by a partner?Methods. After performing a literature review, data from a first cross-sectional study of a sample of female victims of intimate partner violence (N=93), collected through self and third party administered questionnaires, were subjected to cluster and comparative statistical analyses. Data from a second study, collected through non-directive interviews with women who disclosed sexual violence by their partner (N=7), were the subject of an interpretative phenomenological analysis.The results of the quantitative study indicate that 65.6% of the women in the sample had experienced intimate partner sexual violence. Four clusters were identified, corresponding to different contexts: « highly frequent rapes » (5.4%), « predominant sexual coercion » (20.4%), « medium frequency of all forms » (20.4%), and « low frequency of all forms » (19.4%). This study highlights the significant heterogeneity of sexual violence situations within violent relationships, and the tendency of sexually victimized women to suffer from more pronounced symptoms of complex post-traumatic stress disorder. The qualitative study identified five key themes in the lived experience of victims: the impact of a pre-existing sexual dynamic on sexual violence, which helps to « set the stage »; an experience of dehumanization; the pain of an intense cognitive load, associated with trying to understand the aggressions; a process of retrospective reinterpretation of sexual violence, after separation; and the feeling of a psychological impact that is still present despite the separation. This study reveals how emotional distress and cognitive uncertainty are present prior to sexual violence, during sexual violence, and continue after separation. It also shows how victims interpret it in terms of their own vulnerability, at the intersection of traumatic childhood history and insecure attachment This work contributes to improving knowledge about a sensitive and poorly understood topic. The implications for prevention, training of professionals, detection and psychotherapy are discussed. More research is needed to move toward a comprehensive approach that integrates the multiple dimensions and complexities of intimate partner violence

Si la famille constitue le lieu privilégié du développement de la personnalité, de la protection de l'individu, où il apprend les premières valeurs de la vie en société, où il s'accomplit; la famille peut être également considérée comme un lieu de criminalité. En cela, lorsqu'une infraction est commise par un membre de la famille à l'encontre d'un autre, le lien de famille confère, une coloration particulière, d'une part, à l'infraction commise, d'autre part, à la réponse pénale. Bien plus, certaines infractions sont consubstantielles à la famille: l'inceste, abandon de famille, la bigamie. Le lien de famille constitue dans nombre d'hypothèses une circonstance aggravante de l'infraction commise. Par ailleurs, les infractions relatives à l'exercice de l'autorité parentale (l'obligation de scolarisation, la non-représentation d'enfant, l'enlèvement d'enfant) tiennent leur existence au lien familial. Il importe, à ce stade, de faire observer que les infractions précitées relèvent du mouvement de dépénalisation si bien qu'elles ne suffisent pas à elles seules à rendre compte de la criminalité domestique. En effet, ce mouvement de pénalisation se double d'un mouvement parallèle de dépénalisation. Ce mouvement de dépénalisation se manifeste avec une intensité prononcée en matière de mœurs: dépénalisation de l'adultère, de l'avortement et dans une moindre mesure, de l'homosexualité. On soulignera utilement qu'une fois ce mouvement de dépénalisation acquis, c'est le droit pénal lui-même qui se trouve à l'épreuve de la dépénalisation en raison notamment des revendications qui ont suivi la période de dépénalisation. Plus subtile au regard de la politique criminelle, ce mouvement de dépénalisation sévit également dans les obstacles aux poursuites pénales en raison du lien de famille (les immunités familiales) et dans la diversification des réponses pénales aux infractions intra-familiales (notamment la médiation pénale familiale). C'est ce double mouvement de pénalisation et de dépénalisation que cet « essai» vise à mettre en exergue avec un regard critique.

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Domestic violence against women is considered a serious public health problem in Brazil and worldwide. Studies with marital aggressors seem to be fundamental to the understanding of such violence so common nowadays. The main goal of this thesis was to investigate life history and personality characteristics of men who perpetrated violence against women, held in the Central Prison of Porto Alegre. It consists of three sections: one theoretical and two empirical. The first section is theoretical, and aimed to search subsidies to understand how traumatic events in this men childhood may influence on the relations they will establish with others and their capacity to control the free expression of aggressiveness (death drive) in adult s romantic relationships. The concept of narcissism, as an organizer or deconstructive process of the psyche, was used to understand the psychological functioning of the marital aggressor. The second section, empirical (developed from qualitative methodological assumptions), introduced the study that aimed to cover the research project main objective, which was conducted with the participation of three men (marital aggressors). All men answered to a Personal and Socio-Demographic Data Sheet, MINI Interview, the Rorschach Method and a series of three semi-structured interviews guided by three main topics, respectively: a) the participant's life story; b) marital choices and the presence of violence in romantic relationships and c) the current situation in prison as a result of violence committed. The results were examined through Interpretative Analysis and grounded on assumptions of psychoanalytic theory. Three assertions have been identified: a) helplessness and violence as marks in the life history and psychic constitution of marital aggressors; b) marital choice and the perpetuation of violence as manifestations of narcissistic failure and c) Maria da Penha Law and the recover experience of the feeling of abandonment. It was possible to understand the violence committed as a result of a life story marked by traumatic experiences that produced narcissistic failure and the free expression of aggressiveness (death drive). The third and final section, also of empirical nature, explored the interconnections between trauma, narcissism and death drive through a clinical case analysis of one of the research participants. The influence of life history in the marital relationship and in the violent act committed by this man was explored, as well as his personality characteristics. The presence of helplessness and violence in his life story were identified, producing marks on his psychic constitution that influenced in his romantic relationship. It is proposed the term psychic imprisonment as a means of understanding the violence perpetrated.
A viol?ncia dom?stica contra a mulher ? considerada um s?rio problema de sa?de p?blica no Brasil e no mundo. Estudos realizados com agressores conjugais parecem ser fundamentais para a compreens?o desse tipo de viol?ncia t?o frequente nos dias de hoje. Esta Tese tem como objetivo principal investigar caracter?sticas da hist?ria de vida e de personalidade de homens que perpetraram viol?ncia contra a mulher, detidos no Pres?dio Central de Porto Alegre. ? composta por tr?s se??es: uma te?rica e duas emp?ricas. A primeira se??o ? de cunho te?rico e teve o objetivo de buscar subs?dios para auxiliar na compreens?o da influ?ncia de acontecimentos traum?ticos durante a inf?ncia na forma de se relacionar e de controlar (ou n?o) a livre express?o da agressividade (puls?o de morte) na vida amorosa adulta. O conceito de narcisismo, como processo organizador ou desestruturante do psiquismo, foi utilizado para auxiliar na compreens?o do funcionamento psicol?gico do agressor conjugal. A segunda se??o, emp?rica (desenvolvida a partir de pressupostos metodol?gicos qualitativos), apresenta o estudo que responde ao projeto de pesquisa e que foi realizado com a participa??o de tr?s homens (agressores conjugais). Todos os homens responderam a uma Ficha de Dados Pessoais e Sociodemogr?ficos, a Entrevista MINI, ao M?todo de Rorschach e a uma s?rie de tr?s entrevistas semiestruturadas norteadas por tr?s grandes eixos, respectivamente: a) a hist?ria de vida do participante; b) as escolhas conjugais e a presen?a da viol?ncia nos relacionamentos amorosos e c) a situa??o atual de c?rcere como consequ?ncia da viol?ncia cometida. Os achados foram examinados pelo m?todo da An?lise Interpretativa e embasados nos pressupostos da teoria psicanal?tica. Foram identificadas tr?s asser??es: a) o desamparo e a viol?ncia como marcas na hist?ria de vida e na constitui??o ps?quica de agressores conjugais; b) a escolha conjugal e o exerc?cio da viol?ncia como manifesta??es da falha narc?sica e c) a Lei Maria da Penha e a reedi??o do sentimento de abandono. Os resultados encontrados permitiram compreender a viol?ncia cometida como decorrente de uma hist?ria de vida marcada por viv?ncias traum?ticas que produziram falhas narc?sicas e a livre express?o da agressividade (puls?o de morte). A terceira e ?ltima se??o, tamb?m de cunho emp?rico, explorou as interliga??es existentes entre trauma, narcisismo e puls?o de morte por meio da an?lise do caso cl?nico de um dos participantes da pesquisa. Explorou-se a influ?ncia da hist?ria de vida na escolha e relacionamento conjugal e no ato violento cometido por este homem contra sua companheira, assim como caracter?sticas de personalidade do mesmo. Identificou-se a presen?a do desamparo e da viol?ncia em sua hist?ria de vida, produzindo marcas em sua constitui??o ps?quica que influenciaram em seu relacionamento amoroso. Prop?e-se a express?o aprisionamento ps?quico como forma de compreens?o da viol?ncia perpetrada.

Cette thèse porte sur l'étude de "conjoint en droit pénal comparé français et libanais". Après avoir circonscrit la notion de conjoint en France et au Liban, cette thèse consiste en l'étude comparée des infractions commises par ou contre un conjoint : sont notamment traités l'adultère, la bigamie, le viol, les violences, l'obligation alimentaire ou encore l'abandon de famille. Certaines infractions peuvent être qualifiées par la qualité de conjoint, d'autres tiennent compte de cette qualité en l'aggravant ou en l'atténuant
This these concerns the study of "the spouse in the compared Lebanese-French Penal Law". After defining the concept of the spouse in France and Lebanon, this these involves the compared study of crimes commited by this spouse and done over hm like adultery, polygamy, violence, rape, and negligence of the family. Some of these crimes necessate the existence of the spouse, others not, but they are attenuated or restricted according to his existence or not

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This thesis attempts to identify the consequences of the choice made by Law 11.340 / 06 (Maria da Penha Law) which uses the criminal justice system as a mechanism for administration of violent conflict against women and also sought to understand whether this option considers the complexity involved in these conflicts, meeting the demands of women in situations of violence who seek state aid to manage them. The main objective was to study how the functioning of the different care and protection services performed by the Civil Police, Military Police and Judiciary in Porto Alegre - RS, and what the consequences of the Law option for both women situation of violence met, and for the institutions activated to the formal processing of cases. The hypotheses are a) the violent conflicts that result in victimization of women in their home environment have a specificity as delivery mechanisms offered by the criminal justice system are not able to consider; b) the choice of criminal hardening, which has characterized the current context of punitive demand from social movements, is connected with the state adherence to the punitive populism and regulative state model development and c) the use of criminal law as a means to ensure gender equality and prevent violence implies harm to the administration of domestic and family conflicts, since the criminal logic colonizes all the mechanisms aimed at preventing violence and guarantee of rights.
Esta tese procura identificar quais as consequ?ncias geradas pela op??o tomada pela Lei 11.340/06 (Lei Maria da Penha) ao utilizar o sistema de justi?a criminal como mecanismo central para a administra??o de conflitos violentos contra a mulher e, al?m disso, busca compreender se esta op??o considera a complexidade que envolve estes conflitos, atendendo as demandas das mulheres em situa??o de viol?ncia que buscam o auxilio do Estado para administra-los. O objetivo central ? o de verificar como se d? o funcionamento dos diferentes servi?os de atendimento e prote??o realizados pela Pol?cia Civil, Brigada Militar e Poder Judici?rio na cidade de Porto Alegre ? RS, e quais as consequ?ncias resultantes da op??o da Lei tanto para mulheres em situa??o de viol?ncia atendidas, quanto para as institui??es acionadas para o processamento formal dos casos. As hip?teses est?o direcionadas para as ideias de que a) os conflitos violentos que resultam na vitimiza??o de mulheres em seu ambiente dom?stico e/ou familiar possuem uma especificidade que os mecanismos de administra??o oferecidos pelo sistema de justi?a penal n?o est?o aptos para considerar; b) a op??o pelo endurecimento penal, que tem caracterizado o atual contexto de demanda punitiva por parte dos movimentos sociais, est? conectada com a ades?o estatal ao populismo punitivo e ao desenvolvimento de um modelo de Estado Regulativo e c) a utiliza??o do direito penal como forma de garantir a igualdade de g?nero e prevenir a viol?ncia implica em preju?zos para a administra??o dos conflitos dom?sticos e familiares, uma vez que a l?gica penal coloniza todos os demais mecanismos voltados para a preven??o da viol?ncia e garantia de direitos.

La violence faite aux femmes est une réalité encore très présente, surtout dans les sociétés patriarcales, même après des décennies de lutte féministe. C’est aussi un thème privilégié en littérature. La présente thèse propose justement une analyse de ce thème à travers deux romans assez récents qui mettent tous deux de l’avant des aspects particuliers de la question : Un dimanche à la piscine à Kigali de Gil Courtemanche et Je m’appelle Bosnia de Madeleine Gagnon. Nous tenterons de cerner les différentes formes de violences à l’œuvre dans les deux narrations : la violence faite aux filles, celle faite aux femmes, et enfin la violence spécifique qu’engendrent les conflits armés avec le viol comme arme de guerre. Nous proposerons une analyse intersectionnelle de ces formes de violences afin de mesurer les représentations et les répercussions des notions de classe et de race eu égard aux toiles de fond différentes des deux romans : le génocide chez Courtemanche, le nettoyage ethnique chez Gagnon. Nous aborderons aussi les narrations sous l’angle de l’agentivité. Dans des sociétés fondamentalement patriarcales, quel pouvoir peuvent espérer avoir les personnages féminins sur leur destin personnel et collectif? Y a-t-il pour ces femmes fictives des stratégies possibles pour atteindre une liberté d’action, si mince soit-elle?