Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Viol conjugal"

Contrairement à d’autres crimes commis au sein du cercle familial, le crime passionnel, pourtant très visible socialement, n’a jamais fait l’objet d’une critique sociale ou psychologique efficace comme c’est le cas pour l’infanticide depuis longtemps déjà, ou plus récemment pour les abus sexuels ou le viol conjugal. Sur la base d’un corpus de 337 crimes et d’outils d’analyse variés, nous soulignerons trois aspects :

En Costa Rica no se ha establecido un modelo de calidad de la carretera. En varios países, como España y México, existe un modelo, que permite juzgar la calidad de la obra vial, e identifi car puntualmente oportunidades de mejora.Los modelos de la calidad de la infraestructura vial en el mundo conjugan el criterio del tecnócrata y el criterio del cliente-ciudadano, al considerar la carretera como servicio, y no solo como obra. La ausencia de un modelo en Costa Ricahace invisible la “voz del cliente-ciudadano”, alfa y omega, de la calidad de la obra vial, y realza la “voz del tecnócrata”, que se establece como la única voz autorizada para juzgar la calidad.

Peut-on être féministe et manger des animaux ? Si cette question parait saugrenue, c’est que nous n’avons pas l’habitude de voir l’élevage comme une industrie qui exploite le corps des individu·es, qui contrôle leur sexualité et leur reproduction, et qui passe outre leur consentement. En creusant un peu, on s’aperçoit que la consommation de viande est associée à la virilité et que les justifications à l’exploitation animale font écho à la culture du viol. Lorsqu’on exploite une vache sous prétexte qu’elle y consent, lorsqu’on sexualise les truies pour mieux se les approprier, lorsqu’on enferme les poules pour les prétendre « en liberté », on bafoue le consentement et l’intégrité corporelle qui sont si chèr·es au féminisme. De même, à prétendre que manger des animaux n’est qu’un choix personnel, on oublie que le privé est politique – le slogan le plus iconique de la pensée féministe. Et que dire de l’affirmation selon laquelle l’éleveur exploite « par amour », un refrain bien connu des victimes de violence conjugale ? Ce texte présente une critique féministe de l’exploitation animale. Il est composé d’extraits adaptés du livre que l’autrice fera bientôt paraitre.

We study the distribution of products of conjugacy classes in finite simple groups, obtaining effective two-step mixing results, which give rise to an approximation to a conjecture of Thompson.Our results, combined with work of Gowers and Viola, also lead to the solution of recent conjectures they posed on interleaved products and related complexity lower bounds, extending their work on the groups SL(2,q) to all (non-abelian) finite simple groups.In particular it follows that, ifGis a finite simple group, andA,B⊆Gtfort⩾ 2 are subsets of fixed positive densities, then, asa= (a1, . . .,at) ∈Aandb= (b1, . . .,bt) ∈Bare chosen uniformly, the interleaved producta•b:=a1b1. . .atbtis almost uniform onG(with quantitative estimates) with respect to the ℓ∞-norm.It also follows that the communication complexity of an old decision problem related to interleaved products ofa,b∈Gtis at least Ω(tlog |G|) whenGis a finite simple group of Lie type of bounded rank, and at least Ω(tlog log |G|) whenGis any finite simple group. Both these bounds are best possible.

Se aborda el estudio de los procesos espaciales asociados a la construcción de la infraestructura vial de la doble calzada Briceño-Tunja-Sogamoso BTS, en los municipios de Tunja, Cómbita y Oicatá, en Colombia, a través de la fotointerpretación de imágenes Spot 2005 y Google Map Tiff 2012, aplicando la lectura de la leyenda nacional de coberturas de la tierra metodología Corine Land Cover (CLC) adaptación para Colombia escala 1:100.000 (Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, 2010). Se advirtieron diferentes procesos espaciotemporales no lineales, que obedecen a la incidencia de la infraestructura vial en la localización de nuevo tejido urbano discontinuo, fragmentación predial, y cambio de coberturas en su área de influencia. Como resultado se obtuvo un análisis espaciotemporal 2005-2012, conjugado con la estimación de la valorización predial, el cual resulta adecuado para apreciar la incidencia en el área de influencia, como evidenciar cambios transicionales en el uso del suelo.

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This research presents a discussion about domestic violence and orphanage. Through the methodological approach developed by the German researcher Gabriele Rosenthal, sociologically established by the studies of Alfred Schutz, it was possible to permeate Joaquim?s life-world and understand how he experienced his mother?s death in a context of domestic violence. The focus of this research refers to the subjective and biographical construction of orphanage in a domestic violence context. After the biographical analysis steps, it was possible to compare manifest and latent contents of Joaquim?s narrative and come to the conclusion that, despite the importance in the interviewee?s life, the death of his mother is not the main episode of his biography. The connecting thread of his trajectory is the fact that he grew up in an orphan asylum, without his father and his mother. This situation is what makes Joaquim try to find resources to survive and get rid of the stigma. One of the distinguishing aspects of this work is that it connects the individual to the social spheres with the analysis of a single case ? Joaquim?s mother was murdered when he was five years old ? and, with this methodological approach, produces theory. Concepts of family, marital violence, death and orphanage are presented. The goal is to contribute with a discussion that still is not very explored in Brazil and to demonstrate how the biographical narrative approach can contribute with sociology in Brazil.
A presente pesquisa prop?e uma discuss?o acerca da viol?ncia dom?stica e da orfandade. Por meio da abordagem metodol?gica desenvolvida pela pesquisadora alem? Gabriele Rosenthal, sociologicamente fundamentada nos estudos de Alfred Schutz, foi poss?vel permear o mundo da vida de Joaquim e compreender de que maneira ele experienciou a morte da m?e em um contexto de viol?ncia dom?stica. O ponto central deste estudo refere-se ? constru??o subjetiva e biogr?fica da orfandade nestas circunst?ncias. Ap?s percorrermos os passos da an?lise biogr?fica foi poss?vel comparar conte?dos manifestos e latentes da narrativa do entrevistado e concluir que, apesar de marcante na vida de Joaquim, a morte da m?e n?o ? o tema central da sua biografia. O fio condutor da sua trajet?ria ? o fato de ter crescido em abrigo "sem pai nem m?e". ? com rela??o a esta situa??o que busca recursos para sobreviver e para se librar do estigma. Um dos diferenciais desta disserta??o est?, portanto, em conectar o individual com o social, a partir da an?lise de um caso ?nico - Joaquim que teve a m?e morta quando ele tinha cinco anos - e, com esta abordagem metodol?gica, produzir teoria. Para que se chegasse a este entendimento foram discutidos, ao longo do trabalho, conceitos centrados em fam?lia, viol?ncia dom?stica, morte e orfandade. O objetivo ? cooperar com um debate ainda pouco explorado no Brasil e tamb?m demonstrar de que maneira a abordagem de narrativa biogr?fica pode contribuir com a sociologia brasileira.

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N?o possui resumo

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A viol?ncia dom?stica ? considerada um problema de sa?de p?blica e uma viola??o dos direitos humanos. A import?ncia de estudar esta tem?tica encontra-se tanto no sofrimento ps?quico que esta engendra como nos efeitos que produz nas pessoas pr?ximas, pois o que se observa ? a perpetua??o da viol?ncia ao longo das gera??es. Investigar a din?mica que contribui expressivamente no estabelecimento de rela??es amorosas que resultam na viol?ncia contra a mulher parece crucial para a busca de formas de cessa??o desta adversidade. Esta disserta??o tem como objetivo estudar a influ?ncia da hist?ria de vida na escolha conjugal de mulheres que sofrem viol?ncia dom?stica. ? composta por tr?s se??es. A primeira se??o ? de cunho te?rico e teve como objetivo abordar as contribui??es da Psican?lise no que se refere ? escolha conjugal e aos efeitos ps?quicos que dela decorrem. Considerou-se a possibilidade de esta escolha representar um aprisionamento em padr?es repetitivos de relacionamento ou possibilitar a aquisi??o/transforma??o de recursos internos capazes de mover o indiv?duo para a felicidade/satisfa??o conjugal e, tamb?m, pessoal. A segunda se??o, emp?rica (desenvolvida a partir de pressupostos metodol?gicos qualitativos), apresenta o estudo que responde ao projeto de pesquisa e que foi realizado com a participa??o de 12 mulheres. Todas as mulheres responderam a uma Ficha de Dados Pessoais e Sociodemogr?ficos e a uma Entrevista Semiestruturada norteada por tr?s grandes eixos: a) a hist?ria de vida da participante; b) as escolhas conjugais; e c) a situa??o de viol?ncia vivenciada atualmente e a busca de ajuda. Os achados foram analisados pelo m?todo de An?lise de Conte?do e interpretados com pressupostos da teoria psicanal?tica. Foram identificadas unidades de registro que resultaram em tr?s categorias finais (ilustradas com vinhetas das falas dos participantes): a) experi?ncias de viol?ncia e desamparo na hist?ria de vida: o excesso no cotidiano; b) escolhas amorosas: a desilus?o no cen?rio da repeti??o e c) busca pela independ?ncia: possibilidade de Transforma-A??o. Os aspectos abordados permitem compreender a viol?ncia dom?stica como resultante de uma hist?ria de vida marcada por viv?ncias traum?ticas que move estas mulheres, atrav?s da compuls?o ? repeti??o, para a realiza??o de escolhas conjugais que propiciam um cen?rio violento. Prop?e-se a express?o Transforma-A??o como uma alternativa de compreens?o de uma possibilidade de cessa??o da viol?ncia, pois se acredita que, ao nomear o excesso que invadiu o psiquismo dessas mulheres, fica mais f?cil integrar as excita??es ps?quicas e, assim, libertar-se do circuito da compuls?o ? repeti??o. Entende-se que os recursos e estrat?gias de preven??o da viol?ncia dom?stica devem considerar de forma imperiosa a relev?ncia de oferecer ?s mulheres v?timas de tal fen?meno um espa?o de escuta que testemunhe os seus sofrimentos e ofere?a uma rela??o pautada pelo respeito e acolhimento, talvez nunca antes vivenciados por elas. A terceira e ?ltima se??o, te?rica, examina a rede de apoio dispon?vel para a assist?ncia ?s mulheres v?timas de viol?ncia e discorre a respeito do hist?rico de seu surgimento, assim como identifica o panorama atual da rede de apoio no pa?s.

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This work constitutes a study of the relations of power that forged the myth of romantic love and that produced effects of subjectivation in the minds and bodies of lovers. These effects are still present in ideas that circulate in contemporaneity. The theoretical path chosen to discuss violent relations established in romantic love have been the presentation of relation between the notion of the modern individual and hyperinvestment in intimacy as a molar force in the history of modern thought. The study was based on Foucault's genealogical method and on the historical and critical analyses of Richard Sennett and Alain Renaut, as well as on contributions to an active way of life, based on Espinosa's ethics, Foucault's concept of self-care and Braidotti???s nomadism. This thesis develops the concepts of ???love-norm??? and ???loveexperience???. The aim was to display, in the discourse of intimacy, the operation of desire and power in the production of romantic love ideal and its relation with the intimate partner violence.
Este trabalho se constitui no estudo das rela????es de poder que forjaram o mito do amor rom??ntico e que produziram os efeitos de subjetiva????o nas mentes e corpos dos amantes. Tais efeitos est??o presentes ainda nas ideias que circulam na contemporaneidade. O caminho te??rico escolhido para problematizar as rela????es violentas gestadas no amor rom??ntico foi o de apresentar a rela????o entre a no????o de indiv??duo moderno e o hiperinvestimento na intimidade como for??as molares que constitu??ram a hist??ria do pensamento moderno. O desenvolvimento foi feito com base no m??todo geneal??gico de Foucault e nas an??lises hist??ricas e cr??ticas de Richard Sennett e Alain Renaut, bem como nas contribui????es para um modo de vida ativo, apoiada na ??tica de Espinosa, no conceito de cuidado de si de Foucault e de nomadismo de Braidotti. Nesta tese est??o desenvolvidos os conceitos de amornorma e amor-experi??ncia. O objetivo foi o de desvelar, no discurso da intimidade, o funcionamento do desejo e do poder na produ????o do ideal de amor rom??ntico e sua rela????o com a viol??ncia conjugal.

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Violence against women has been focus of researches and interventions, being considered a public health problem. Several studies show that this phenomenon can cause severe health damages to women, including psychological symptoms and difficulties in emotional self-regulation. This thesis involves two empirical studies with quantitative, correlational and transversal design, with a sample of 47 women with history of domestic violence. The first study evaluated depression, anxiety and emotional regulation levels. Furthermore, it was investigated the seriousness of violence situation and the level of suffered and perpetrated aggression by women. Lastly, it was investigated the difference on depression, anxiety and emotional regulation levels between women who had reported suffering violence and those who had identified suffering and perpetrating violence. The results indicated mild levels of anxiety, moderate levels of depression and emotional dysregulation among participants. Positive correlations in these variables were found and no differences in depression, anxiety and emotional regulation levels in studied groups. The second study evaluated the history of childhood maltreatment and extreme stress (complex trauma) diagnosis. The results revealed that all participants had maltreatment situations during childhood and 30% showed complex trauma diagnosis. It is concluded that domestic violence is a risk factor to women's mental health and that maltreatment history is often present in their lives. The results suggest the need of treatment protocols with focus on depression, complex trauma and emotional regulation.
A viol?ncia contra a mulher tem sido foco de pesquisas e interven??es por ser considerada um problema de sa?de p?blica. Estudos apontam que este fen?meno pode gerar preju?zos significativos para a sa?de da mulher, dentre eles destacam-se sintomas psicol?gicos e dificuldades para regular as emo??es. Esta disserta??o constitui-se de dois estudos emp?ricos com delineamento quantitativo, correlacional e transversal, e a amostra foi constitu?da por 47 mulheres com hist?rico de viol?ncia conjugal. O primeiro estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as rela??es entre n?veis de depress?o, ansiedade e n?veis de regula??o emocional. Tamb?m, investigou as t?ticas de resolu??o de conflitos conjugais e os n?veis das agress?es sofridos e perpetrados pelas mulheres. Al?m disso, foi investigado se h? diferen?as nas dimens?es de regula??o emocional e n?veis de depress?o e ansiedade nas mulheres que relataram sofrer viol?ncia e aquelas que identificaram sofrer e perpetrar viol?ncia. Os resultados indicaram que as participantes apresentaram n?veis leves de ansiedade, moderados de depress?o, n?veis moderados de dificuldades de regula??o emocional. Foram encontradas correla??es positivas entre estas vari?veis e n?o foram identificadas diferen?as entre os grupos de mulheres que sofreram viol?ncia e que sofreram e perpetraram viol?ncia nos n?veis de depress?o, ansiedade e regula??o emocional. O segundo estudo teve como objetivo avaliar hist?rico de maus tratos na inf?ncia e a presen?a do diagn?stico de estresse extremo (trauma complexo). Os resultados revelaram que todas as participantes apresentaram situa??es de maus tratos na inf?ncia e 30% apresentou diagn?stico de trauma complexo. Conclui-se que a viol?ncia conjugal ? um fator de risco para a sa?de mental de mulheres e que o hist?rico de maus tratos est? frequentemente presente na vida destas mulheres. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de protocolos de tratamento com foco em sintomas de depress?o, trauma complexo e regula??o emocional.

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This article aims to perform a systematic review of the literature about cognitive behavioral therapy protocols (CBT) for psychological treatment of women in situations of domestic violence. Method: A search was conducted on those data bases: Scielo, Pepsic, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science with the following descriptors: "clinical trial" or "therapy" or "psychotherapy" or "psychological treatment" AND "violence" or "mistreatment 15 "or" domestic violence "or" conjugal violence "AND" women". There were identified 1.329 articles in the initial search and after application of inclusion and exclusion criterias, remained 11 articles. Those were analyzed from those methodological aspects, those technical elements and the results. Results: Nine articles reported randomized clinical trials. All studies focused on symptoms of trauma, anxiety and depression. Conclusions: The articles focused on the avaliation of the results. It was identified the need for studies that detail the psychotherapeutic process, mainly in the national context, to promote practices based on evidences.
Este artigo teve como objetivo realizar uma revis?o sistem?tica da literatura sobre protocolos de terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC) para tratamento psicol?gico de mulheres em situa??es de viol?ncia dom?stica. M?todo: A busca foi realizada nas bases Scielo, Pepsic, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus e Web of Science com os seguintes descritores: ?clinical trial? or ?therapy? or ?psychotherapy? or ?psychological treatment? AND ?violence? or ?mistreatment? or ?domestic violence? or ?conjugal violence? AND ?women?. Foram identificados 1.329 artigos e, ap?s aplica??o de crit?rios de inclus?o e exclus?o, restaram 11 artigos. Estes foram analisados a partir de aspectos metodol?gicos, elementos de interven??o e resultados alcan?ados. Resultados: nove artigos relataram estudos cl?nicos randomizados. As interven??es tiveram como foco sintomas de trauma, ansiedade e depress?o. Conclus?es: Os artigos focaram a avalia??o de resultado. Identifica-se a necessidade de estudos que detalhem o processo psicoterap?utico, principalmente no contexto nacional, para qualificar as redes de atendimento com pr?ticas baseadas em evid?ncias.

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OBJECTIVE: To identify the reverberation of IPV on the emotional recognition process and cortisol levels of mothers and children, as well as on the maternal bond and emotional dysregulation of the mothers. METHOD: This thesis consists of five studies. The first study presented the adaptation and factor analysis of the Inventory of Perceived Maternal Attachment (IPVM), an instrument that assesses the maternal emotion bond. The second was a result of the Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Doutorado Sandu?che no Exterior PDSE - CAPES, and aimed to evaluate the relation between the mental health status of abused women, their partners violence toward the children and their maternal behavior. The third study investigated the impact that IPV and difficulties in emotional dysregulation have on maternal bond quality among women victims of IPV. The fourth study purposed to understand the impact of IPV on the ability to recognize facial expressions of emotion in women victims and their children. Finally, the last study investigated the chronic cortisol concentrations, measured through hair samples in women victims of sexual violence and their children. RESULTS: In the first study, exploratory factor analysis indicated the presence of two factors semantically congruent and complementary: interaction/affection and maternal perception. The second study highlighted the occurrence of IPV as a factor recrudescent for the probability of violence against the children of women victims of IPV, and the protective behaviors of mothers to children when facing the aggressive acts of their partners toward children shown to be associated with the mother s mental health. The third study found negative correlations between maternal bond quality and: IPV (physical, psychological or sexual violence), symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in children and difficulties in emotional regulation in mothers. The fourth study demonstrated that children exposed to marital violence had a greater bias to identify the emotion anger and fear in neutral faces, and mother s victims of IPV showed greater bias to fear. The fifth study unveiled that the cortisol levels of mothers victims of sexual violence and their children were higher than those of controls. CONCLUSION: The present thesis brings unprecedent results in the scientific literature. The studies presented here highlight the interpersonal, emotional, cognitive and biological impacts of IPV on women and their children. Given that violence is a complex phenomenon, it seems important to underline the significance of further studies on IPV and its reverberations beyond female victims, including the family system.
OBJETIVO: Identificar a reverbera??o da viol?ncia conjugal no processamento do reconhecimento emocional e nos n?veis de cortisol de m?es e filhos, assim como na vincula??o materna e na desregula??o emocional das m?es. M?TODO: A presente tese ? composta por cinco estudos. O primeiro estudo apresentou a adapta??o e an?lise fatorial do Invent?rio de Percep??o de Vincula??o Materna (IPVM), instrumento que avalia a vincula??o de m?es para com seus filhos. O segundo foi resultante do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Doutorado Sandu?che no Exterior PDSE - CAPES, e objetivou compreender a rela??o existente entre sa?de mental da mulher/m?e v?tima de viol?ncia conjugal, a viol?ncia provocada por seus companheiros para com as crian?as, e os comportamentos protetivos da m?e em rela??o ?s crian?as. O terceiro estudo investigou o impacto da viol?ncia conjugal e da desregula??o materna na vincula??o materna. O quarto estudo intencionou compreender os impactos da viol?ncia conjugal na habilidade de reconhecimento de express?es faciais de emo??o nas mulheres v?timas e em seus filhos. Por fim, o ?ltimo estudo investigou as concentra??es de cortisol cr?nico, mensurado por interm?dio de amostras de cabelo, em mulheres v?timas de viol?ncia sexual e seus filhos. RESULTADOS: No primeiro estudo, a An?lise Fatorial Explorat?ria apontou a presen?a de dois fatores semanticamente congruentes e complementares entre si: intera??o e afeto, e percep??o materna. O IPVM mostrou-se um instrumento consistente para avaliar a vincula??o materna de m?es com filhos. O segundo estudo destacou a ocorr?ncia de viol?ncia conjugal como fator recrudescente para a probabilidade de atos violentos do companheiro agressor para com os filhos da mulher v?tima de viol?ncia conjugal; assim como os comportamentos protetivos das m?es para com as crian?as frente aos atos agressivos de seus companheiros mostraram-se associados ? sa?de mental da m?e. O terceiro estudo evidenciou correla??es negativas entre o grau de vincula??o materna e: viol?ncia conjugal (f?sica, psicol?gica ou sexual), sintomas de transtorno de Estresse P?s-Traum?tico nas crian?as e dificuldades na regula??o emocional nas m?es. O quarto estudo salientou que as crian?as expostas ? viol?ncia conjugal apresentaram um maior vi?s para a identifica??o da emo??o raiva e medo frente a faces neutras, e as m?es v?timas de viol?ncia conjugal evidenciaram maior vi?s para medo. O quinto estudo desvelou que os n?veis de cortisol dos trinta dias anteriores ? pesquisa mostram-se significativamente mais elevados nas m?es vitimas de viol?ncia sexual e em seus filhos. CONSIDERA??ES FINAIS: A presente tese traz resultados in?ditos na literatura. Os estudos aqui apresentados destacam os impactos relacionais, emocionais, cognitivos e biol?gicos da viol?ncia conjugal nas mulheres e em seus filhos. Tendo em vista a viol?ncia ser um fen?meno complexo e biopsicossocial, salienta-se a import?ncia de novas investiga??es que contemplem o fen?meno e suas reverbera??es para al?m da mulher v?tima, que incluam o sistema familiar.

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This study proposes a comprehensive model of transgenerationality of family violence that considers not only the experience of abuse, but also the linking forms in childhood that originate from the parenting styles deficit. Still, this study demonstrates the deleterious consequences of these relational patterns in adult attachment and experience of intimate partner violence (IPV). This master thesis search from two empirical studies: 1) analyze the contribution of mistreatment in childhood, type of attachment in childhood and parenting styles for emotional dysregulation in adulthood and 2) to evaluate the effect of the difficulties of regulation emotional post-traumatic symptoms in women victims of conjugal violence. To do this, correlation analyzes were performed, and multiple logistic regression analyzes. The results point to significant contributions of deficit parenting styles and ill-treatment in childhood for emotional dysregulation in adulthood and insecure adult attachment patterns. Still, relationships were found between emotional dysregulation and post-traumatic symptoms in women victims of conjugal violence. Some limitations should be considered for the sample size and the absence of a control group. In future research, aims at increasing the sample, inclusion of a control group matched for age and education, so that you can identify mediating variables in the development of a secure attachment and adaptive emotion regulation strategies.
Este estudo prop?e um modelo amplo da transgeracionalidade da viol?ncia familiar que considera n?o s? a viv?ncia dos maus-tratos, mas tamb?m as formas de vincula??o na inf?ncia que se originam a partir dos estilos parentais deficit?rios. Ainda, o presente trabalho demonstra as consequ?ncias delet?rias destes padr?es relacionais no apego adulto e na viv?ncia de viol?ncia ?ntima por parceiros (IPV). A presente disserta??o de mestrado busca, a partir de dois estudos emp?ricos, 1) analisar a contribui??o dos maus-tratos na inf?ncia, tipo de apego na inf?ncia e estilos parentais para a desregula??o emocional na adultez e 2) avaliar o efeito das dificuldades de regula??o emocional na sintomatologia p?s-traum?tica em mulheres v?timas de viol?ncia conjugal. Para tal, foram realizadas an?lises de correla??o, an?lises de regress?o m?ltipla e log?stica. Os resultados apontam para contribui??es significativas dos estilos parentais deficit?rios e dos maus-tratos na inf?ncia para a desregula??o emocional na adultez e para padr?es de apego adulto inseguro. Ainda, foram encontradas rela??es entre a desregula??o emocional e a sintomatologia p?s-traum?tica nas mulheres v?timas de viol?ncia conjugal. Algumas limita??es devem ser consideradas relativas ao tamanho amostral e a aus?ncia de um grupo controle. Em pesquisas futuras, se objetiva o aumento da amostra, inser??o de um grupo controle pareado em idade e escolaridade, para que seja poss?vel identificar vari?veis mediadoras do desenvolvimento de um apego seguro e de estrat?gias de regula??o emocional adaptativa.

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A presente disserta??o vincula-se ? linha de pesquisa em Criminologia e Controle Social do PPGCCrim e ? tem?tica da aplica??o da justi?a restaurativa aos casos de viol?ncia dom?stica conjugal. No primeiro cap?tulo, pretende-se demonstrar que a resolu??o da viol?ncia dom?stica conjugal transcende a seara do direito pelos diversos aspectos psicodin?micos presentes na rela??o conjugal, pr?prios de conflitos interindividuais. Portanto, para que boas pr?ticas baseadas em componentes comunicativo-relacionais sejam difundidas, ? necess?rio que estes sejam avaliados. Por conseguinte, buscou-se demonstrar a aus?ncia de uma interven??o diferenciada para a viol?ncia dom?stica e contra a mulher, tendo em vista a inefic?cia do tratamento dispensado no ?mbito dos Juizados Especiais Criminais (Lei 9.099/95), bem como pelo vigente nos Juizados Especiais de Viol?ncia Dom?stica e Familiar contra a Mulher (Lei 11.340/06), os quais demonstram, dentre outras mazelas, a insatisfa??o das v?timas com o sistema. No segundo cap?tulo, procura-se trazer alguns conceitos, premissas, experi?ncias e pr?ticas envolvendo a justi?a restaurativa e a media??o penal e sua rela??o com o sistema penal. No terceiro e ?ltimo cap?tulo, analisa-se a media??o penal como meio de resolu??o da viol?ncia dom?stica conjugal, demonstrando-se alguns dos argumentos contr?rios e favor?veis a sua aplica??o, encontrados na doutrina estrangeira, uma vez que no Brasil a pesquisa ainda ? incipiente. Apesar disso, conclui-se que h? espa?o no Brasil para implement?-la, demandando, contudo, uma an?lise criteriosa, frente ? pluralidade de experi?ncias restaurativas e ?s diferentes formas de articula??o deste modelo com o sistema de justi?a criminal, buscando-se adequ?-la ? institucionaliza??o no Brasil.

Les violences au sein du couple sont un phénomène complexe et polymorphe, comprenant les violences physiques, psychologiques, sexuelles, et économiques. Elles constituent l’expression la plus courante des violences faites aux femmes dans le monde. Parmi elles, les violences sexuelles incluent toute activité sexuelle non consentie, obtenue par l’utilisation de la force ou de la coercition. En dépit de leurs conséquences délétères pour la santé mentale des victimes, ces violences demeurent peu étudiées. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est de contribuer à la compréhension de la dimension sexuelle des violences au sein du couple, en posant trois questions de recherche : à quelles violences sexuelles (type d’actes imposés, fréquence) les victimes sont-elles exposées ? Quelles sont les caractéristiques cliniques associées chez les victimes ? Comment les violences sexuelles, perpétrées par le partenaire intime, sont-elles vécues et interprétées par les victimes ? Méthode. Après avoir effectué une recension de la littérature, les données d’une première étude transversale d’un échantillon de femmes victimes de violences conjugales (N=93) ayant déposé plainte, recueillies via des questionnaires auto et hétéro administrés, ont fait l’objet d’analyses statistiques en clusters et comparatives. Les données d’une seconde étude, recueillies au travers d’entretiens non-directifs avec des femmes ayant révélé des violences sexuelles exercées par leur partenaire ont fait l’objet d’une analyse phénoménologique interprétative (N=7). Les résultats de la première étude indiquent que 65,6% des femmes victimes de violences conjugales de l’échantillon ont subi des violences sexuelles commises par leur partenaire. Parmi elles, quatre clusters ont été identifiés, correspondant à des contextes variables : « viols très fréquents » (5,4%), « coercition sexuelle prédominante » (20,4%), « formes multiples - fréquence intermédiaire » (20,4%), et « formes multiples – fréquence faible » (19,4%). Cette étude met en évidence la grande hétérogénéité des situations de violences sexuelles dans les relations violentes, et la tendance des femmes victimisées sexuellement à présenter des symptômes accentués de trouble de stress post-traumatique complexe. L’étude qualitative a permis d’identifier cinq thèmes majeurs dans l’expérience des victimes: les effets d’une dynamique sexuelle préexistante aux violences sexuelles, contribuant à « préparer le terrain »; un vécu de déshumanisation; la pénibilité d’une charge cognitive intense, liées aux tentatives de compréhension des agressions; un processus de réinterprétation rétrospective des violences sexuelles, après la séparation ; et le sentiment d’un impact psychologique toujours présent malgré la séparation. Cette étude révèle comment la détresse émotionnelle et l'incertitude cognitive sont présentes avant les violences sexuelles, pendant les violences sexuelles, et se poursuivent après la séparation. Elle montre également comment les victimes les interprètent dans le sens d’une vulnérabilité propre, au croisement entre antécédents traumatiques dans l’enfance et attachement insécure. Ce travail contribue à une amélioration des connaissances sur un sujet sensible et mal connu. Les implications en termes de prévention, de formation des professionnels, de repérage et de psychothérapie sont discutées. Davantage de recherches sont nécessaires pour avancer vers une prise en charge globale, intégrant les différentes dimensions et aspects complexes des violences conjugales
Intimate partner violence is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. It includes physical, psychological, sexual, economic and administrative violence, and is the most common form of violence against women worldwide. Intimate partner sexual violence includes any non-consensual sexual activity within a partnership that is obtained using force, threat or coercion. Despite its detrimental effects on mental health, intimate partner sexual violence remains under-researched, limiting our ability to understand and address the problem. The main objective of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of the sexual dimension of intimate partner violence. Three research questions are addressed: what situations of sexual victimization (types of acts, frequency) are intimate partner violence victims exposed to? What are the associated clinical characteristics among victims? And how is sexual violence experienced and interpreted when perpetrated by a partner?Methods. After performing a literature review, data from a first cross-sectional study of a sample of female victims of intimate partner violence (N=93), collected through self and third party administered questionnaires, were subjected to cluster and comparative statistical analyses. Data from a second study, collected through non-directive interviews with women who disclosed sexual violence by their partner (N=7), were the subject of an interpretative phenomenological analysis.The results of the quantitative study indicate that 65.6% of the women in the sample had experienced intimate partner sexual violence. Four clusters were identified, corresponding to different contexts: « highly frequent rapes » (5.4%), « predominant sexual coercion » (20.4%), « medium frequency of all forms » (20.4%), and « low frequency of all forms » (19.4%). This study highlights the significant heterogeneity of sexual violence situations within violent relationships, and the tendency of sexually victimized women to suffer from more pronounced symptoms of complex post-traumatic stress disorder. The qualitative study identified five key themes in the lived experience of victims: the impact of a pre-existing sexual dynamic on sexual violence, which helps to « set the stage »; an experience of dehumanization; the pain of an intense cognitive load, associated with trying to understand the aggressions; a process of retrospective reinterpretation of sexual violence, after separation; and the feeling of a psychological impact that is still present despite the separation. This study reveals how emotional distress and cognitive uncertainty are present prior to sexual violence, during sexual violence, and continue after separation. It also shows how victims interpret it in terms of their own vulnerability, at the intersection of traumatic childhood history and insecure attachment This work contributes to improving knowledge about a sensitive and poorly understood topic. The implications for prevention, training of professionals, detection and psychotherapy are discussed. More research is needed to move toward a comprehensive approach that integrates the multiple dimensions and complexities of intimate partner violence