Статті в журналах з теми "Vine stress"
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1
A. A., Lo’ay, Dina A. Ghazi, Nadi Awad Al-Harbi, Salem Mesfir Al-Qahtani, Sabry Hassan, and Mohamed A. Abdein. "Growth, Yield, and Bunch Quality of “Superior Seedless” Vines Grown on Different Rootstocks Change in Response to Salt Stress." Plants 10, no. 10 (October 19, 2021): 2215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10102215.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The growth and quality of vines are negatively affected by soil salinity if enough salts accumulate in the root zone. As part of the current study, we estimated the remediating effects of rootstocks under salinity. For this reason, “superior seedless” vines were grafted onto three different rootstocks, such as SO4, 1103 Paulson, and own-root (“superior seedless” with their own-root). The experiment was conducted in the 2019 and 2020 seasons. This study examines the effects of different rootstocks on vine growth, yield, and quality using “superior seedless” vines grown in sandy soil with salinity. Four stages of berry development were examined (flowering, fruit set, veraison, and harvest time). At harvest, yield characteristics (clusters per vine and cluster weight) were also assessed. Each parameter of the growth season was influenced separately. The K+ and Na+ ratios were also significantly increased, as were the salinity symptoms index and bunch yield per vine and quality. Rootstock 1103 Paulson improved photosynthetic pigments, K+ accumulation, Na+ uptake, and cell membrane damage in “superior seedless” vines compared to other rootstocks, according to the study results. As determined in the arid regions of northwestern Egypt, the 1103 Paulson can mitigate salinity issues when planting “superior seedless” vines on sandy soil.
2
Schreiner, R. Paul. "Foliar Sprays Containing Phosphorus (P) Have Minimal Impact on ‘Pinot noir’ Growth and P Status, Mycorrhizal Colonization, and Fruit Quality." HortScience 45, no. 5 (May 2010): 815–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.5.815.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Grapevines grown in low-phosphorus (P) soils typical of western Oregon vineyards may benefit from additional P applied to the canopy using foliar sprays. Alternatively, vines may be negatively affected by foliar P sprays because lower root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could reduce uptake of other nutrients or increase vine water stress. The impact of foliar P sprays on vine growth, vine nutrient and water status, AMF colonization, and fruit yield and quality was studied in two ‘Pinot noir’ vineyards with a history of low vine P status over 3 years. Three foliar spray treatments [phosphite, phosphate, water (control)] were applied to vines three times each season using a standard air-blast sprayer at a commercial vineyard. Two foliar spray treatments (phosphite, water) were applied using a hand sprayer at a smaller research vineyard. Phosphite sprays increased leaf blade and petiole P concentrations and reduced arbuscular colonization of roots at the research vineyard, but neither phosphate nor phosphite significantly affected these variables at the commercial vineyard. Foliar P sprays had no effect on vine growth, vine water relations (leaf water potential and stomatal conductance), yield, or fruit quality attributes at either site. These results indicate that there is little benefit to spraying the canopy of grapevines with P, even in vineyards with low P status.
3
Mundy, D. C., and M. A. Manning. "Physiological response of grapevines to vascular pathogens a review." New Zealand Plant Protection 64 (January 8, 2011): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2011.64.5974.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The successful infection of a grapevine vascular system by a plant pathogen and expression of disease symptoms occur only when the pathogen has overcome the wound response and other defences of the vine Even when pathogens do successfully infect the vascular system of grapevines symptom expression is not often observed in the first season Symptoms may be observed in one year but the same vine can have reduced or no symptoms the following season Information is presented on physiological stress in association with trunk diseases as one factor that may contribute to symptom expression in vines A hypothesis of grapevine wound response is proposed as part of the discussion of vine physiological response Information on individual trunk diseases and physiological interactions is also provided
4
Gowdy, Mark, Bruno Suter, Philippe Pieri, Elisa Marguerit, Agnès Destrac Irvine, Gregory Gambetta, and Cornelis Van Leeuwen. "Variety-specific response of bulk stomatal conductance of grapevine canopies to changes in net radiation, atmospheric demand, and drought stress." OENO One 56, no. 2 (June 24, 2022): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2022.56.2.5435.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In wine growing regions around the world, climate change has the potential to affect vine transpiration and overall vineyard water use due to related changes in daily atmospheric conditions and soil water deficits. Grapevines control their transpiration in response to such changes by regulating conductance of water through the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. The response of bulk stomatal conductance, the vine canopy equivalent of stomatal conductance, to such changes were studied on Cabernet-Sauvignon, Merlot, Tempranillo, Ugni blanc, and Semillon vines in a non-irrigated vineyard in Bordeaux France. Whole-vine sap flow, temperature and humidity in the vine canopy, and net radiation absorbed by the vine canopy were measured on 15-minute intervals from early July through mid-September 2020, together with periodic measurements of leaf area, canopy porosity, and predawn leaf water potential. From these data, bulk stomatal conductance was calculated on 15-minute intervals, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify key variables and their relative effect on conductance. For the regression analysis, attention was focused on addressing non-linearity and collinearity in the explanatory variables and developing a model that was readily interpretable.Variability of vapour pressure deficit in the vine canopy over the day and predawn water potential over the season explained much of the variability in bulk stomatal conductance overall, with relative differences between varieties appearing to be driven in large part by differences in conductance response to predawn water potential between the varieties. Transpiration simulations based on the regression equations found similar differences between varieties in terms of daily and seasonal transpiration. These simulations also compared well with those from an accepted vineyard water balance model, although there appeared to be differences between the two approaches in the rate at which conductance, and hence transpiration is reduced as a function of decreasing soil water content (i.e., increasing water deficit stress). By better characterizing the response of bulk stomatal conductance, the dynamics of vine transpiration can be better parameterized in vineyard water use modeling of current and future climate scenarios.
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Pagay, Vinay, and Catherine M. Kidman. "Evaluating Remotely-Sensed Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Water Stress Responses Across a Viticultural Region." Agronomy 9, no. 11 (October 25, 2019): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9110682.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The evolving spatial and temporal knowledge about vineyard performance through the use of remote sensing offers new perspectives for vine water status studies. This paper describes the application of aerial thermal imaging to evaluate vine water status to improve irrigation scheduling decisions, water use efficiency, and overall winegrape quality in the Coonawarra viticultural region of South Australia. Airborne infrared images were acquired during the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons in the region of Coonawarra, South Australia. Several thermal indices of crop water status (CWSI, Ig, (Tc-Ta)) were calculated that correlated with conventional soil and vine water status measures (Ψpd, Ψs, gs). CWSI and Ig could discriminate between the two cultivars used in this study, Cabernet Sauvignon (CAS) and Shiraz (SHI), as did the conventional water stress measures. The relationship between conventional vine water status measures appeared stronger with CWSI in the warmer and drier season (2016) compared to the cooler and wetter season (2017), where Ig and (Tc-Ta) showed stronger correlations. The study identified CWSI, Ig and (Tc-Ta) to be reliable indicators of vine water status under a variety of environmental conditions. This is the first study to report on high resolution vine water status at a regional scale in Australia using a combination of remote and direct sensing methods. This methodology is promising for aerial surveillance of vine water status across multiple blocks and cultivars to inform irrigation scheduling.
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Deloire, Alain, Alain Carbonneau, Zenphing Wang, and Hernán Ojeda. "Vine and water: a short review." OENO One 38, no. 1 (March 31, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2004.38.1.932.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p style="text-align: justify;">Water is an important factor in the terroirs of grape-growing regions. The vine obtains water from rainfall and the water table and when it is in short supply, it is necessary either to irrigate or accept the effects of water stress. Depending on the intensity of the water stress and the period at which it occurs, it may or not be favourable for the harvest and the wine it is used to produce. The objective of this article is to provide some information on the relationship that exists between the vine and water. The climate and the soil, which are essential but not the sole elements of this relationship will only be touched upon, but we will discuss in a non exhaustive way, with information’s from the bibliography or from our research, the following aspects: the root system, vegetative growth, the relationship between plant architecture and the water status of the vine, the carbon balance and the biochemical composition of the grape berry in relation to vine water status. We will also present the currently available techniques for measuring vine water status and its evolution during the vegetative cycle as a function of water reserves in the soil easy to use by the roots. Finally examples are presented of possible recommendations for vine cultural practices as a function of the vine water status evolution during the growth, according to the predawn leaf water potential thresholds.</p>
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Ordoñez, C., J. Martínez, J. F. de Cos, and F. Sánchez. "Determining vine leaf water stress by functional data analysis." International Journal of Computer Mathematics 88, no. 9 (June 2011): 1941–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207160.2010.496482.
Повний текст джерела
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Mikóczy, N. "Effect of drought damage in vine varieties." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 56, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.56.2008.3.9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Drought stress caused substantial damage to the certified vineyard examined in Szomód, Hungary, in 2004. The varieties included in the experiment were Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Királyleányka, Pinot Noir and Kékfrankos. Drought caused the greatest deterioration in yield quantity and quality in the varieties Kékfrankos and Királyleányka. The yield was 66% lower and the quality 3 MM° (Hungarian must degrees) lower than that recorded on the control area, which was less severely affected by the drought. In the case of Pinot Noir the soil water-holding capacity (WHC%) was below the critical 15% value, again leading to a decline in yield quantity and sugar concentration, though the difference compared with the control was not as great as for the two former varieties. Although the yield of Chardonnay decreased slightly, the quality improved. This could probably be attributed to the similarly low soil WHC% in the control and drought-struck areas.All in all it could be concluded that all the vine varieties exhibited stress symptoms at a soil WHC of below 30%. The varieties could be divided into three groups on the basis of stress sensitivity, with Királyeányka and Kékfrankos in the most susceptible group, Chardonnay in the moderately susceptible group, and Pinot Noir and Sauvignon Blanc intermediate between the two.
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Ngugi, Penina, Peter Masinde, and Eric Mworia. "Growth, yield and quality of selected sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [l.] Lam.), lines under varying soil moisture conditions." African Journal of Science, Technology and Social Sciences 1, no. 2 (December 23, 2022): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.58506/ajstss.v1i2.116.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] has increasing potential as a food security crop in Kenya. However, its’ production is relatively low compared to its potential production which is attributed to drought conditions alongside use of local landrace cultivars that are quite low yielding. A study was conducted at Meru University of Science and Technology in Kenya in 2020-2021 to assess the performance of selected improved sweet potato lines under varied watering regimes. Two selected sweet potato varieties were used; CIP 106988.1 (Naspot13) and CIP 112286.1(Margarette), and a farmer-preferred variety Kemb-10. The varieties were subjected to three watering regimes (i) Severe stress (SS), 4 WAE (ii) Moderate Stress (MS), 9 WAE and (iii) well watered to maturity. A randomized complete block design in a split plot, with water treatment as the main plot and varieties as subplot with 3 replicates was used. There was no significant interaction between moisture treatments and varieties. Water treatments significantly (p≤0.05) affected vine length, number of leaves and tuber yield. Plants under severe stress had significantly lower vine length, branches and leaves. Under Moderate stress 9 WAE, plants experienced significant reduction in vine length, leaves and branches compared to the well watered. However, this reduction was less compared to severe stress. The reduced vine length and tuber yield is attributed to reduced cell division, elongation and assimilates partitioning. Tuber numbers correlated with leaves (r = 0.63*, 0.74*), and vine length (r = 0.62*, 0.76*). This positive correlation implies that if drought significantly reduces number of leaves and vine length, it reduces tuber yield indicating effect of drought on tuber yield can be estimated by measuring tuber length and number of leaves. Based on findings, ensuring the crop obtains enough moisture during the first nine weeks after planting is recommendable whereas Naspot13 is suitable for the area considering its higher productivity.
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GOMES, F., and M. K. V. CARR. "EFFECTS OF WATER AVAILABILITY AND VINE HARVESTING FREQUENCY ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SWEET POTATO IN SOUTHERN MOZAMBIQUE. III. CROP YIELD/WATER-USE RESPONSE FUNCTIONS." Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 4 (September 29, 2003): 409–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479703001406.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Mozambique the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is grown as both a leafy vegetable, the terminal shoots or vines being progressively harvested during the season, and as a root crop. This paper reports the development of crop yield/water-use production functions using data from two irrigation experiments designed to evaluate the effects of water availability and vine harvesting practices on the productivity and water use (ETc) of sweet potato (cv. TIS 2534) during two contrasting seasons in the south of the country. As the frequency of vine harvesting increased, the water-use efficiency (WUE-ETc) for vine production (dry mass) increased from 1–2 to 4–5 kg ha−1 mm−1 during the rainy season, and from 1 to 9 kg ha−1 mm−1 during the dry season. By contrast, there was a corresponding reduction in the WUE-ETc for storage root production from 14 to 8–9 kg ha−1 mm−1 during the rainy season, and from 23 to 15–17 kg ha−1 mm−1 during the dry season. For the total yields (vines plus storage roots) the WUE-ETc during both seasons were independent of the vine harvesting treatment. Separate lines represented each season, the slopes of which were 13 kg ha−1 mm−1 in the rains, and 24 kg ha−1 mm−1 in the dry season. When, however, crop water-use was normalised using either the seasonal mean daily total of incoming solar radiation, or reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo), but not the saturation deficit of the air, a single common, linear relationship with yield resulted. Possible explanations for this are considered. Plotting relative yields against relative rates of water-use, also gave consistent results that could have general application for predicting the effects of water availability on productivity. Vine yields, when harvested frequently, were less sensitive to drought (yield response factor, Ky=0.7–0.9) than storage roots (Ky=1.2). For total production (vines plus roots), the sensitivity to water stress (Ky) increased, from 0.9–1.0 to 1.2, as the interval between vine harvests increased. Farmers in southern Mozambique trying to maximize total yield during the season, under conditions of water uncertainty, should harvest vines at intervals of not more than 14 days.
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Soltekin, Oguzhan, and Ahmet Altındisli. "Effects of vine water status on vine performance and grape composition of (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. 'Sultani Çekirdeksiz'." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 21, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.1.8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Drought caused by climate change increased the relevance of irrigation management in viticulture. In order to regulate irrigation strategies for Vitis vinifera L., their influences on vine performance, yield and quality attributes need to be understood. This study evaluates the effects of different irrigation schedulings on vine performance and grape composition in a vineyard of cv. ‘Sultani Çekirdeksiz’ (Sultana clone, H5) during three consecutive years (2015–2017). Three irrigation treatments were assayed: (i) full irrigation (FI), soil water content was completed to field capacity within one week intervals; (ii) DI65, applying 65% water of FI and (iii) DI35, applying 35% water of FI. Water stress caused by the deficit irrigation treatments limited vine performance in terms of vegetative development and yield. The highest phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and total flavonoid accumulation were obtained under DI35, although this treatment had lowest yield. In conclusion, DI65 (moderate stress) might result in a more balanced yield and grape quality attributes in comparison with FI and DI35.
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Gowdy, Mark, Agnès Destrac-Irvine, Martina Haines, Gregory Gambetta, Philippe Pieri, Elisa Marguerit, and Cornelis van Leeuwen. "Varietal responses to soil water deficit: first results from a common-garden vineyard near Bordeaux France." E3S Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185001043.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In wine producing regions around the world, climate change has the potential to decrease the frequency and amount of precipitation and increase average and extreme temperatures. This will both lower soil water availability and increase evaporative demand in vineyards, thereby increasing soil water deficits and associated vine stress. Grapevines control their water status by regulating stomatal closure and other changes to internal plant hydraulics. These responses are complex and have not been clearly characterized across a wide range of different Vitis vinifera varieties. Understanding how vine water status responds to changes in soil water deficits and other variables will help growers modify vineyard design and management practices to meet their quality and yield objectives. Carbon isotope discrimination measurements of certain plant tissues have been shown to provide effective characterization of stomatal closure, while water potential measurements provide a well-proven measure of overall vine water status. Using replicated data collected from an experimental common-garden vineyard at the Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV) near Bordeaux, France, this project will analyze the effects on carbon isotope discrimination across 39 varieties and water potential across eight varieties against estimates of soil water deficits made using a water balance model running on local meteorology and considering the phenology of each variety. Similar to the literature, preliminary analysis finds as soil water deficit increases, carbon isotope data suggests greater stomatal closure and water potential measurements indicate greater vine stress. For both parameters, analysis will be performed to distinguish any difference in these responses between varieties.
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Shellie, Krista, and D. Michael Glenn. "Wine Grape Response to Foliar Particle Film under Differing Levels of Preveraison Water Stress." HortScience 43, no. 5 (August 2008): 1392–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.5.1392.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We investigated how foliar application of kaolin particle film influenced diurnal leaf gas exchange, leaf water potential, yield, and berry maturity of a red (‘Merlot’) and white (‘Viognier’) wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivar under differing levels of water stress over two growing seasons (2005 and 2006) in the warm, semiarid climate of southwestern Idaho. Net diurnal stomatal conductance (g S) was increased by particle film and the effect varied according to vine water status. Particle film delayed the onset of diurnal decline in g S under mild water stress (leaf water potential ≈ –1.2 MPa) but had no influence on leaf gas exchange when vines were under greater water stress (leaf water potential ≈ –1.4 MPa). Correlation between soluble solids concentration and titratable acidity (‘Viognier’) and between berry fresh weight and yield (‘Merlot’) was higher with than without particle film, suggesting that particle film may attenuate the influence of other factors affecting expression of these traits. Particle film was associated with an increase in berry weight in ‘Merlot’ and with an increase in berry soluble solids concentration in ‘Viognier’, suggesting that the film may increase vine-carrying capacity. Midday leaf water potential throughout the growing season was not influenced by particle film. Fruit surface browning was observed on deficit-irrigated, particle film-treated vines on exposed clusters on the west side of the canopy, indicating that the film did not eliminate development of heat stress symptoms on fruit under the most extreme environmental conditions evaluated in this study.
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Nuzzo, Vitale, Davide Amato, Nunzio Briglia, Emmanuel Challet, Faouzi Attia, Angelo Petrozza, Francesco Cellini, and Giuseppe Montanaro. "Innovation in grapevine water status monitoring and drought adaptation: leaf angle and temperature regulation." BIO Web of Conferences 44 (2022): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224405002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Increase of frequency, duration, and intensity of drought and heatwave and related water and heat crops stress are among the principal effects of climate change. This paper reports: (i) the effect of calcite particle film (CaPF) as a mitigation strategy against heat stress in well-watered (WW) or in drought-stress (D) conditions; and (ii) response of leaf angle variation to stomatal conductance changes induced by drought stress of Aleatico grapevine cultivar. Results have showed that CaPF, under WW conditions, reduced leaf temperature, and increased gas exchange, but, under very severe water stress, CaPF treatment was ineffective. Leaf angle ranged from 70° (WW vines) to 100° (drought stressed vines) and showed a good fit (R2 =0.81) with stomatal conductance within the range of 0.25 – 0.05 mol m-2 s–1 proving it might be a reliable proxy of vine water status.
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McLean, M., G. S. Howell, and A. J. M. Smucker. "EFFECTS OF CROP LOAD AND LOW-SOIL MOISTURE ON PHYSIOLOGY AND ROOT DYNAMICS IN SEYVAL GRAPEVINES." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 612f—612. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.612f.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An experiment was conducted to evaluate interrelationships between differing crop loads and water stress on physiology and root dynamics of 3 year old Seyval grapevines grafted to 5-BB, Seyval and Seyval own-rooted stock grown under a rain exclusion shelter. Treatments were: 1) cropping level, either 0 (defruited) or 6 clusters/vine (heavily cropped) and 2) irrigation level, either 2.5 (stress) or 10 liters (control) of water/plant/week. Vines had significantly different root dynamics in regards to crop load, water status and rootstock. Water stressed vines had significantly fewer and smaller leaves (area cm 2 lighter trunk weights (g) and shorter shoot length compared to control vines. Heavily cropped vines had significantly fewer mature nodes, shorter shoot growth and higher bud mortality (winter injury) compared to defruited vines.
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De Souza, Claudia Rita, Katia Gindro, Thibaut Verdenal, Jean-Laurent Spring, Jorge E. Spangenberg, and Vivian Zufferey. "Water deficit responses of field-grown Pinot noir mediated by rootstock genotypes in a cool climate region." OENO One 56, no. 2 (May 25, 2022): 136–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2022.56.2.3567.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Under the global warming scenario, water scarcity is expected to intensify in most grape-growing regions. The use of drought-tolerant rootstocks is considered a useful tool to mitigate the negative effects of soil water deficit on vine functioning. Differences in leaf gas exchange, plant water status, specific hydraulic conductivity in petioles (Kpetiole), xylem vessel size and vegetative vigour of field-grown Pinot noir grafted onto five rootstocks (3309C, 101-14 MGt, Kober 5BB, Riparia Gloire de Montpellier, 41B MGt) were investigated during one season under water deficit in Switzerland. The water deficit was imposed by installing waterproof and non-reflecting plastic sheets on the soil from March to harvest (September) to avoid rainfall infiltration. Rootstocks had stronger effects on vine water status than on gas exchanges. During the grape ripening stage, vines grafted onto 41B MGt and 101-14 MGt were characterised by more severe water stress as shown by the lowest values of pre-dawn leaf (Ψpd), stem water potential (Ψstem) and water stress integral (SΨ), whereas 3309C and Kober 5BB rootstocks induced milder effects. Significant differences in photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (E) were only observed between vines grafted onto 41B MGt and 3309C at later stages of ripening. Changes induced by rootstocks in shoot vigour, Kpetiole and the number and size of xylem vessels in petioles and stems were correlated to differential responses of Pinot noir to water deficit. The increased vegetative vigour induced by 3309C and Kober 5BB was associated with the highest Kpetiole, xylem vessel size and a good plant water status of Pinot noir under low soil water availability. Kober 5BB induced the highest yield, probably due to the better vine water status, whereas vines grafted onto 41B MGt showed the lowest malic acid content and yeast assimilable nitrogen in berries.
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Mancha, Luis, David Uriarte, and María Prieto. "Characterization of the Transpiration of a Vineyard under Different Irrigation Strategies Using Sap Flow Sensors." Water 13, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 2867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13202867.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lysimeters are the reference method for determining ETc, but they are expensive and complex, which limits their use. The first objective of this work was to adjust and evaluate the robustness of sap flow sensors in order to determine the transpiration of a vineyard and, together with an evaporation model, to calculate the ETc of the vineyard. For this purpose, we compared water consumption data obtained from a vineyard weighing lysimeter (ETcLys) with the sum of transpiration obtained from sap flow sensors (TSF) and evaporation estimated empirically over four years (2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015). The second objective was to obtain the relationship between the vegetative growth and transpiration of the vines with different water availability (irrigation and rainfed treatments), as an alternative method for estimating vine water needs adjusted to their real development. The third and last objective was to evaluate the transpiration response of the vines when subjected to water stress. We carried out the work in an experimental vineyard which has a well-established weighing lysimeter. As a result, a good match was obtained between vine sap flow and transpiration (R2 = 0.85) as well as a good relationship between vegetative growth and vine transpiration (FiPAR: R2Irrigation = 0.34. R2Rainfed = 0.54; LAI: R2Irrigation = 0.68. R2Rainfed = 0.53).
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Abad, Javier, Marín Diana, Santesteban L. Gonzaga, Cibriáin José Félix, and Sagüés Ana. "Under-vine cover crops: impact on weed development, yield and grape composition." OENO One 54, no. 4 (November 4, 2020): 975–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2020.54.4.4149.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims to evaluate the interest of using an under-vine cover crop as a sustainable management tool replacing herbicides or tillage to control weeds, evaluating its effects on yield and berry parameters in a semi-arid climate. The performance of Trifolium fragiferum as an under-vine cover crop was evaluated in 2018 and 2019 in a Merlot vineyard in Traibuenas (Navarra, Spain). This trial showed that the soil under the vines was covered by 80 % of the cover crop in August 2018 and 100 % in Aug 2019, with clover (T. fragiferum) comprising around 26 % and 70 % of the cover crop surface, respectively. The presence of the cover crop only reduced the number of shoots in the second year, although both years there was an increment in water stress. Neither yield, cluster weight nor berry weight were affected by the presence of the under-vine cover crop. Similarly, no changes in grape composition were observed. The use of T. fragiferum-like cover crops under the vine allows for better control of weeds, provided a good installation is achieved. In the first two years, this cover crop reduced vegetative growth and increased water deficit slightly. However, no changes in yield and grape composition were observed.In a context of herbicide suppression and search for sustainable management, under-vine clover cover crops constitute a viable alternative in semi-arid regions provided drip irrigation can be applied.
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Van Leeuwen, Cornelius, Olivier Trégoat, Xavier Choné, Benjamin Bois, David Pernet, and Jean-Pierre Gaudillère. "Vine water status is a key factor in grape ripening and vintage quality for red Bordeaux wine. How can it be assessed for vineyard management purposes?" OENO One 43, no. 3 (September 30, 2009): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2009.43.3.798.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: The impact of water deficit stress on vine shoot growth, berry weight, grape composition and overall vintage quality was investigated in Bordeaux vineyards. Methods for assessing water deficit stress were compared.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Vine water status was assessed on three soil types during four vintages by means of stem water potential and carbon isotope discrimination measured on grape sugar. Regional water deficit was compared for a range of over 30 vintages by means of water balance modelling. It was shown that water deficit stress anticipated shoot growth slackening, limited berry weight and enhanced berry anthocyanin content. Berry sugar content was greatest when water deficit was mild. It was shown that stem water potential measurements and carbon isotope discrimination are accurate tools for assessing vine water status at plot scale. Seasonal water deficit at a regional scale can be correctly estimated by water balance models. Vintage quality in Bordeaux is determined by the intensity of water deficit stress rather than by the level of the temperatures.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Vine phenology and grape ripening are highly dependent on water uptake conditions. Mild water deficit stress enhances grape quality for the production of red wines. Vine water status can accurately be assessed by means of stem water potential or carbon isotope discrimination measured on grape sugars. Quality losses through severe water stress can be avoided through the use of drought-adapted plant material, appropriate canopy management, yield reduction or the implementation of deficit irrigation.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: This study shows the key role of water deficits in the production of quality grapes for red wine production. Methods for assessing vine water status are compared and discussed. Among many existing methods, the accuracy of stem water potential, carbon isotope discrimination measured on grape sugar and water balance modelling are emphasized.</p>
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Gaudillère, Jean-Pierre, Xavier Choné, Cornelis Van Leeuwen, and Olivier Trégoat. "The assessment of vine water and nitrogen uptake by means of physiological indicators influence on vine development and berry potential (Vitis vinifera L. cv Merlot, 2000, Bordeaux)." OENO One 36, no. 3 (September 30, 2002): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2002.36.3.967.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p style="text-align: justify;">Vine water and nitrogen uptake can be assessed by means of physiological indicators in field conditions. In this study, pre-dawn leaf water potential (ψB) and stem water potential (ψT) were used to indicate vine water status of <em>Vitis vinifera</em> L cv. Merlot. Carbon isotope composition of grape sugar (ΔC13) was used as an integrative indicator of vine water deficit during the ripening period. Must assimilable nitrogen and leaf blade colour intensity, were used to assess vine nitrogen status. All of the three indicators of vine water status allowed a clear differentiation of vine water uptake conditions in the ten experimental plots. The indicators of vine nitrogen status showed more ambiguous results. Must assimilable nitrogen content did not only vary with vine nitrogen uptake, but also with yield. Leaf colour was more easy to interpret. Vine development and berry composition were more influenced by water uptake conditions than by vine nitrogen status. In 2000, which was a dry vintage in Bordeaux, water stress induced early growth slackening and a small berry size. Grapes contained more sugar, anthocyanin and total phenolics and less malic acid when water availability was low. On plots where water uptake conditions were similar, low vine nitrogen status increased berry potential.</p>
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Shellie, Krista C., and Bradley A. King. "Application of a Daily Crop Water Stress Index to Deficit Irrigate Malbec Grapevine under Semi-Arid Conditions." Agriculture 10, no. 11 (October 22, 2020): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10110492.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Precision irrigation of wine grape is hindered by the lack of an automated method for monitoring vine water status. The objectives of this study were to: Validate an automated model for remote calculation of a daily crop water stress index (CWSI) for the wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivar Malbec and evaluate its suitability for use in irrigation scheduling. Vines were supplied weekly with different percentages of evapotranspiration-based estimated water demand (ETc) over four growing seasons. In the fifth growing season, different daily CWSI threshold values were used to trigger an irrigation event that supplied 28 mm of water. All three indicators of vine water status (CWSI, midday leaf water potential (Ψlmd), and juice carbon isotope ratio (δ13C)) detected an increase in stress severity as the irrigation amount decreased. When the irrigation amount decreased from 100% to 50% ETc, 70% to 35% ETc, or the daily CWSI threshold value increased from 0.4 to 0.6, berry fresh weight and juice titratable acidity decreased, juice δ13C increased, the weekly CWSI increased, and Ψlmd decreased. Under the semi-arid conditions of this study, utilizing a daily CWSI threshold for irrigation scheduling reduced the irrigation amount without compromising the yield or changes in berry composition and remotely provided automated decision support for managing water stress severity in grapevine.
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Lucia, Gharwalová, Hutár Daniel, Masák Jan, and Kolouchová Irena. "Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of organic and conventional vine cane extracts." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 36, No. 4 (September 3, 2018): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/19/2018-cjfs.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Phenolic antioxidants, such as resveratrol and polydatin, occur in grapevine as secondary metabolites responsible for the plants protection against biotic and abiotic stress. The antioxidant profile and content depends on agro-climatic conditions, which may act as stress factors. In order to determine the significance of the use of spraying pesticides on the antioxidant content in pruned canes, we examined samples of white and blue Vitis vinifera varieties from conventional and organic vineyards. Phenols from these samples were extracted by 40% ethanol. HPLC was used to determine differences in the stilbenoid composition and the DPPH assay was used to compare the antioxidant activities. While the farming approach did not alter the total polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity of the samples, the resveratrol content was higher in samples from conventional vineyards. These results could be significant for further reusing of winery waste.
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Wolff, David W., Daniel I. Leskovar, Mark C. Black, and Marvin E. Miller. "Differential Fruit Load in Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Affects Shoot and Root Growth, and Vine Decline Symptoms." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 526B—526. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.526b.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effect of zero, one, and two fruits per vine on plant growth and reaction to Monosporascus root rot/vine decline were investigated. In the first study, four cultivars with differing levels of tolerance were evaluated (`Primo', `Deltex', `Caravelle', `Magnum 45'). Vine decline ratings were taken weekly during the harvest period for 4 weeks. Treatments with no fruit showed delayed and less-severe vine decline symptoms. Temperature also effected vine decline symptom expression. In a Fall test, with lower temperatures during fruit maturity, symptoms were delayed in all treatments and often absent in treatments with no fruit load. Vine decline symptom expression is greatly effected by physiological (fruit load) and temperature stress. A subsequent study was conducted to more precisely quantify the effect of various fruit loads on shoot/root partitioning and vine decline symptoms. In addition to growth parameters root disease ratings were taken. `Caravelle', the most-susceptible genotype, was grown under differing fruit loads as mentioned above in Weslaco and Uvalde, Texas. As fruit load increased, root size decreased. Increased vine decline symptoms were observed under higher fruit loads. The implications on germplasm screening and breeding for resistance will be discussed.
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Zufferey, Vivian, Jean-Laurent Spring, Francine Voinesco, Olivier Viret, and Katia Gindro. "Physiological and histological approaches to study berry shrivel in grapes." OENO One 49, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2015.49.2.89.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p class="StyleTitre2TimesNewRomanToutenmajuscule" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: The current work aims to study berry shrivel in grapes (a grape-ripening disorder) in relation to vine water status and climatic conditions using physiological and histological approaches.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Measurements of rachis hydraulic conductance on grapevine clusters (<em>Vitis vinifera</em> L.) and observations of the vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) using transmission electron microscopy were conducted on rachises from healthy clusters and clusters having berry shrivel (BS) symptoms during the season. BS intensity was largely dependent on the vine water status: BS was greater in vines without water stress than in vines with moderate to high water stress around veraison time. Preliminary results showed that rachis hydraulic conductance declined sharply after veraison but remained slightly higher in healthy clusters in comparison with clusters presenting BS symptoms. An important degradation of the primary phloem was observed in the rachises of BS clusters, with the appearance of hard, non-functional liber (secondary phloem) and a disorganization of the cell content in the phloem tissue. An alteration of the primary xylem was also observed in the middle of the rachis and in the secondary rachis ramifications.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: These results suggest that the decrease in sugar and water accumulation in BS berries would primarily be associated with a decline in rachis phloem functionality.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: The management of the vine water status plays a key role in berry shrivel development.</p>
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Albetis, Johanna, Anne Jacquin, Michel Goulard, Hervé Poilvé, Jacques Rousseau, Harold Clenet, Gerard Dedieu, and Sylvie Duthoit. "On the Potentiality of UAV Multispectral Imagery to Detect Flavescence dorée and Grapevine Trunk Diseases." Remote Sensing 11, no. 1 (December 23, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11010023.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Among grapevine diseases affecting European vineyards, Flavescence dorée (FD) and Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTD) are considered the most relevant challenges for viticulture because of the damage they cause to vineyards. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) multispectral imagery could be a powerful tool for the automatic detection of symptomatic vines. However, one major difficulty is to discriminate different kinds of diseases leading to similar leaves discoloration as it is the case with FD and GTD for red vine cultivars. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the potentiality of UAV multispectral imagery to separate: symptomatic vines including FD and GTD (Esca and black dead arm) from asymptomatic vines (Case 1) and FD vines from GTD ones (Case 2). The study sites are localized in the Gaillac and Minervois wine production regions (south of France). A set of seven vineyards covering five different red cultivars was studied. Field work was carried out between August and September 2016. In total, 218 asymptomatic vines, 502 FD vines and 199 GTD vines were located with a centimetric precision GPS. UAV multispectral images were acquired with a MicaSense RedEdge® sensor and were processed to ultimately obtain surface reflectance mosaics at 0.10 m ground spatial resolution. In this study, the potentiality of 24 variables (5 spectral bands, 15 vegetation indices and 4 biophysical parameters) are tested. The vegetation indices are selected for their potentiality to detect abnormal vegetation behavior in relation to stress or diseases. Among the biophysical parameters selected, three are directly linked to the leaf pigments content (chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin). The first step consisted in evaluating the performance of the 24 variables to separate symptomatic vine vegetation (FD or/and GTD) from asymptomatic vine vegetation using the performance indicators from the Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) Curve method (i.e., Area Under Curve or AUC, sensibility and specificity). The second step consisted in mapping the symptomatic vines (FD and/or GTD) at the scale of the field using the optimal threshold resulting from the ROC curve. Ultimately, the error between the level of infection predicted by the selected variables (proportion of symptomatic pixels by vine) and observed in the field (proportion of symptomatic leaves by vine) is calculated. The same methodology is applied to the three levels of analysis: by vineyard, by cultivar (Gamay, Fer Servadou) and by berry color (all red cultivars). At the vineyard and cultivar levels, the best variables selected varies. The AUC of the best vegetation indices and biophysical parameters varies from 0.84 to 0.95 for Case 1 and 0.74 to 0.90 for Case 2. At the berry color level, no variable is efficient in discriminating FD vines from GTD ones (Case 2). For Case 1, the best vegetation indices and biophysical parameter are Red Green Index (RGI)/ Green-Red Vegetation Index (GRVI) (based on the green and red spectral bands) and Car (linked to carotenoid content). These variables are more effective in mapping vines with a level of infection greater than 50%. However, at the scale of the field, we observe misclassified pixels linked to the presence of mixed pixels (shade, bare soil, inter-row vegetation and vine vegetation) and other factors of abnormal coloration (e.g., apoplectic vines).
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Kandylakis, Zacharias, Alexandros Falagas, Christina Karakizi, and Konstantinos Karantzalos. "Water Stress Estimation in Vineyards from Aerial SWIR and Multispectral UAV Data." Remote Sensing 12, no. 15 (August 4, 2020): 2499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12152499.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mapping water stress in vineyards, at the parcel level, is of significant importance for supporting crop management decisions and applying precision agriculture practices. In this paper, a novel methodology based on aerial Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) data is presented, towards the estimation of water stress in vineyards at canopy scale for entire parcels. In particular, aerial broadband spectral data were collected from an integrated SWIR and multispectral instrumentation, onboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Concurrently, in-situ leaf stomatal conductance measurements and supplementary data for radiometric and geometric corrections were acquired. A processing pipeline has been designed, developed, and validated, able to execute the required analysis, including data pre-processing, data co-registration, reflectance calibration, canopy extraction and water stress estimation. Experiments were performed at two viticultural regions in Greece, for several vine parcels of four different vine varieties, Sauvignon Blanc, Merlot, Syrah and Xinomavro. The performed qualitative and quantitative assessment indicated that a single model for the estimation of water stress across all studied vine varieties was not able to be established (r2 < 0.30). Relatively high correlation rates (r2 > 0.80) were achieved per variety and per individual variety clone. The overall root mean square error (RMSE) for the estimated canopy water stress was less than 29 mmol m−2 s−1, spanning from no-stress to severe canopy stress levels. Overall, experimental results and validation indicated the quite high potentials of the proposed instrumentation and methodology.
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Palliotti, Alberto, Stefano Poni, Oriana Silvestroni, Sergio Tombesi, and Fabio Bernizzoni. "Morpho-structural and physiological performance of Sangiovese and Montepulciano cvv. (Vitis vinifera) under non-limiting water supply conditions." Functional Plant Biology 38, no. 11 (2011): 888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp11093.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Morpho-structural and physiological traits of Sangiovese and Montepulciano varieties (Vitis vinifera L. – two red grapes widely cultivated in Italy), grown outside under non-limiting water supply conditions were evaluated in 2007 and 2008 and results were correlated with yield components and grape composition. The 2-year analysis showed intraspecific differences in canopy characteristics, leaf and shoot properties, photosynthetic ability, water use efficiency, vine yield and grape composition. Compared with Sangiovese, Montepulciano was able to assure a higher whole-canopy seasonal net CO2 exchange rate during the season (+38% in mid morning and +49% in mid afternoon). It also had higher water use efficiency (especially early in the morning and in late afternoon) and a higher vine yield (+16%). Furthermore, total soluble solids (+1.7 °Brix), anthocyanins (+0.44 mg cm–2 berry skin) and phenolic compounds (+0.88 mg cm–2 berry skin) were higher in the grapes. To ensure this performance, Montepulciano vines have to support higher costs of growth and maintenance processes, made possible because of the increased respiration activity of the canopy during the night. We confirmed that vine yield and grape composition is strictly dependent on the seasonal photosynthetic capacity of the canopy. Therefore, Montepulciano should be put in a position to fully realise this substantial photosynthetic potential, by avoiding or reducing environmental stress. Sangiovese is structurally and morpho-physiologically better able to withstand any stress during the summer than Montepulciano. Sangiovese xylem tissue had larger mean vessel density and smaller mean vessel diameter and hydraulic conductance than Montepulciano, holding the hypothesis of less susceptibility to conduit damage.
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Vizitiu, Diana Elena, Lucian Dinca, Viorica Enache, Alina Donici, and Ana Maria Radomir. "Solutions for obtaining high quality viticultural productions in the context of climate change." SIMI 2019, SIMI 2019 (September 20, 2019): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/simi.2019.fp30.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Climatic conditions from areas where vine is cultivated or intended to be cultivated are essential and important to be acknowledged especially in the context of climatic changes that have taken place during the last 50 years. In this regard, prevention solutions are recommended to be implemented as well as solutions that decrease the damages caused by climatic changes or other stress factors. Among these solutions we mention the reorientation of vine areas, planting shelter-belts in areas and regions exposed to high intensity winds, reconsidering the structure of viticultural varieties or selecting the cultivated vine varieties.
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Merli, Maria Clara, Matteo Gatti, Marco Galbignani, Fabio Bernizzoni, Eugenio Magnanini, and Stefano Poni. "Water use efficiency in Sangiovese grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) subjected to water stress before veraison: different levels of assessment lead to different conclusions." Functional Plant Biology 42, no. 2 (2015): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp14112.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Several recent papers have shown that in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), interpretation of responses to drought can differ depending upon the parameter chosen to express water use efficiency (WUE). In the present paper, a series of WUE expressions, including physiological and agronomical, were compared in potted grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sangiovese) that were either well-watered (WW) or subjected to progressive drought before veraison (WS) by supplying decreasing fractions (i.e. 70%, 50% and 30% of daily vine transpiration (Trd) determined gravimetrically before vines were fully rewatered. Although single-leaf intrinsic and instantaneous WUE increased with water stress severity, seasonal and whole-canopy WUE were similar to that before stress, at 70% Trd and upon rewatering, but dropped during severe water stress. WUE calculated as mass of DW stored in annual biomass (leaves, canes and bunches) per litre of water used did not differ on a seasonal basis, whereas WS plants showed lower must soluble solids at harvest, and unchanged colour and phenolic concentration in spite of smaller berries with higher relative skin growth. Results confirm that whole-canopy WUE is a much better index than any single-leaf based WUE parameter for extrapolation to agronomic WUE and actual grape composition. In our specific case study, it can be recommended that water supply to drought-stressed Sangiovese grapevines before veraison should not be lower than 70% of daily vine water use.
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Nikolaou, Kleopatra-Eleni, Theocharis Chatzistathis, Serafeim Theocharis, Anagnostis Argiriou, Stefanos Koundouras, and Elefteria Zioziou. "Effects of Salinity and Rootstock on Nutrient Element Concentrations and Physiology in Own-Rooted or Grafted to 1103 P and 101-14 Mgt Rootstocks of Merlot and Cabernet Franc Grapevine Cultivars under Climate Change." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 2477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052477.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Under the current and future climate crisis, a significant rise in soil salinity will likely affect vine productivity in several Mediterranean regions. During the present research, the rootstock effects on salinity tolerance of Merlot and Cabernet Franc grapevine cultivars were studied. In a pot hydroponic culture, own-rooted Merlot and Cabernet Franc grapevine cultivars or grafted onto the rootstocks 1103 P and 101-14 Mgt were drip-irrigated with saline water. A completely randomized 3 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment was designed with two vine rootstocks or own-rooted vines, two scion cultivars, and 100 mM NaCl salinity or control treatments, with six replications. A significant effect of scion cultivar, rootstock, and salinity was observed for most of the measured parameters. At the end of salinity stress period, leaf, shoot, root, and trunk nutrient concentrations were measured. Salinity stress increased Chloride (Cl) and Sodium (Na) concentrations in all parts of the vines and decreased leaf concentrations of Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Nitrogen (N), and Iron (Fe). In contrast, salinity stress increased leaf Boron (B) concentrations, whereas that of Manganese (Mn) remained unaffected. Leaf chlorophyll concentration decreased from 42% to 40% after thirty and sixty days of salt treatment, respectively. A similar trend was observed for the CCM-200 relative chlorophyll content. Salinity significantly decreased steam water potential (Ws), net CO2 assimilation rate (A), and stomatal conductance (gs) in all cases of grafted or own-rooted vines. Sixty days after the beginning of salt treatment, total Phenolics and PSII maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) decreased significantly. The rootstock 1103 P seems to be a better excluder for Na and Cl and more tolerant to salinity compared to 101-14 Mgt rootstock.
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Cogato, Alessia, Lihua Wu, Shaikh Yassir Yousouf Jewan, Franco Meggio, Francesco Marinello, Marco Sozzi, and Vinay Pagay. "Evaluating the Spectral and Physiological Responses of Grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) to Heat and Water Stresses under Different Vineyard Cooling and Irrigation Strategies." Agronomy 11, no. 10 (September 27, 2021): 1940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11101940.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Heat stress (HS) and water stress (WS) pose severe threats to viticulture, and effective management solutions to counter their effects on grapevine performance must be examined. In this study, we evaluated the physiological and spectral responses of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sauvignon blanc to individual (HS) and combined (HS + WS) stress under four different cooling and irrigation strategies. The treatments were: standard drip irrigation (SI), extra drip irrigation (SI+), extra sprinklers irrigation (SPRI), and sustained deficit irrigation (SDI; 50% of SI). Compared to the other treatments, in the early stages after the occurrence of HS, the vine water status of SPRI and SI+ improved, with high stomatal conductance (gs) (SPRI) and stem water potential (Ψstem; SPRI and SI+). All the physiological indicators measured were significantly lower after the end of HS in the SDI treatment. We also identified the spectral response of grapevine to HS and combined HS and WS (resulting from SDI). Consistent with the physiological analysis, the proximal spectral responses of leaves identified SPRI and SI+ as putative cooling strategies to minimize vine HS. The vines undergoing combined stress (SDI) showed greenness amelioration 10 days after stress, as revealed by the greenness vegetation indices (VIs), i.e., Green Index (GI), Normalized Difference Greenness Vegetation Index (NDGI), and Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARI). However, their physiological recovery was not achieved within this time, as shown by the Simple Ratio Index (SRI), Transformed Chlorophyll Absorption Ratio Index (TCARI), and TCARI/Optimized Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (TCARI/OSAVI). A three-step band selection process allowed the identification of the spectral traits’ responsive to HS and combined stress, i.e., 1336–1340 nm, 1967–1971 nm, and 600–604 nm.
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Martínez, Emma M., Benjamin J. Rey, María Fandiño, and Javier J. Cancela. "Impact of water stress and nutrition on Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Albariño’: Soil-plant water relationships, cumulative effects and productivity." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 14, no. 1 (March 2, 2016): e1202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2016141-7534.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of the present study is to apply different systems of fertigation (rainfed, R; surface drip irrigation, DI, and subsurface drip irrigation, SDI) in <em>Vitis vinifera</em> (L.) cv. ‘Albariño’ to evaluate the cumulative effect of water stress (water stress integral) on yield parameters and to establish the relationship between indices and production. The study was conducted over four years (2010-2013) in a commercial vineyard (Galicia, NW Spain). The volumetric soil water content (θ) (with TDR) and predawn (ψ<sub>p</sub>), midday (ψ<sub>m</sub>) and stem (ψ<sub>stem</sub>) leaf-water potential were determined with a water activity meter during the growing stages (flowering-harvest) from 2010-2013. The number of clusters, their weight and yield/vine were determined at harvest. Must composition was studied to evaluate nutrition treatments. Ψ<sub>p</sub> is presented as the best indicator of the water status of the plant, and the sole use of θ is not recommended as a reference. The soil-plant water status variables were strongly correlated, especially between foliar variables (0.91<<em>R<sup>2</sup></em><0.98), with θ presenting the lowest reliability (0.28<<em>R<sup>2</sup></em><0.81). SDI was the treatment with the highest hydric comfort and greater yield/vine (6.1 kg) and weight per cluster (95.0 g), but lower elements concentration in must. The water stress integral showed that the veraison and harvest stages were very sensitive to water stress in vines. Linear relationships were established between Sψ<sub>p</sub> and W (<em>R<sup>2</sup></em>=0.65) and Y (<em>R<sup>2</sup></em>=0.56) at veraison. The water stress integral is presented as a useful working tool for vine growers because it allows the prediction of future yield at early phenological states.
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Coipel, Jacques, Begoña Rodriguez Lovelle, Catherine Sipp, and Cornelis Van Leeuwen. ""Terroir" effect, as a result of enviromental stess, depends more on soil depth than on soil type (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Grenache Noir, Côtes du Rhône, France, 2000)." OENO One 40, no. 4 (December 31, 2006): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2006.40.4.867.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p style="text-align: justify;">Among other elements of the natural environment, soil greatly influences vine behaviour and berry composition. Its influence is complex, because soil affects vine water and mineral uptake, as well as temperature in the root zone. In this research, investigations were undertaken to assess whether vine development and grape quality potentiel could be linked to specific soil types. 15 dry farmed plots planted with Vitis vinifera L. cv. Grenache noir were studied in 2000 on five soil types of the Southern Côtes du Rhône (France). No clear relationship could be established between soil type, vine growth, yield and berry composition. However, vine water and nitrogen status were related to soil depth. On shallow soils, vine water and nitrogen status were low, which resulted in early shoot growth cessation and moderate yield, as well as high berry sugar and anthocyanin content. Severe water stress is known for affecting negatively berry ripening. Nevertheless, although this study was carried out under dry, Mediterranean conditions, the grapes with the highest potential for making quality red wines were obtained on the soils with the lowest water holding capacity.</p>
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Bahat, Idan, Yishai Netzer, José M. Grünzweig, Victor Alchanatis, Aviva Peeters, Eitan Goldshtein, Noa Ohana-Levi, Alon Ben-Gal, and Yafit Cohen. "In-Season Interactions between Vine Vigor, Water Status and Wine Quality in Terrain-Based Management-Zones in a ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ Vineyard." Remote Sensing 13, no. 9 (April 22, 2021): 1636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091636.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Wine quality is the final outcome of the interactions within a vineyard between meteorological conditions, terrain and soil properties, plant physiology and numerous viticultural decisions, all of which are commonly summarized as the terroir effect. Associations between wine quality and a single soil or topographic factor are usually weak, but little information is available on the effect of terrain (elevation, aspect and slope) as a compound micro-terroir factor. We used the topographic wetness index (TWI) as a steady-state hydrologic and integrative measure to delineate management zones (MZs) within a vineyard and to study the interactions between vine vigor, water status and grape and wine quality. The study was conducted in a commercial 2.5-ha Vitis vinifera ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ vineyard in Israel. Based on the TWI, the vineyard was divided into three MZs located along an elongate wadi that crosses the vineyard and bears water only in the rainy winter season. MZ1 was the most distant from the wadi and had low TWI values, MZ3 was closest to the wadi and had high TWI values. Remotely sensed crop water stress index (CWSI) was measured simultaneously with canopy cover (as determined by normalized difference vegetation index; NDVI) and with field measurements of midday stem water potential (Ψstem) and leaf area index (LAI) on several days during the growing seasons of 2017 and 2018. Vines in MZ1 had narrow trunk diameter and low LAI and canopy cover on most measurement days compared to the other two MZs. MZ1 vines also exhibited the highest water stress (highest CWSI and lowest Ψstem), lowest yield and highest wine quality. MZ3 vines showed higher LAI on most measurement days, lowest water deficit stress (Ψstem) during phenological stage I, highest yield and lowest wine quality. Yet, in stage III, MZ3 vines exhibited a similar water deficit stress (CWSI and Ψstem) as MZ2, suggesting that the relatively high vigor in MZ3 vines resulted in higher water deficit stress than expected towards the end of the season, possibly because of high water consumption over the course of the season. TWI and its classification into three MZs served as a reliable predictor for most of the attributes in the vineyard and for their dynamics within the season, and, thus, can be used as a key factor in delineation of MZs for irrigation. Yet, in-season remotely sensed monitoring is required to follow the vine dynamics to improve precision irrigation decisions.
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Zufferey, Vivian, Thibaut Verdenal, Agnès Dienes, Sandrine Belcher, Fabrice Lorenzini, Carole Koestel, Marie Blackford, et al. "The influence of vine water regime on the leaf gas exchange, berry composition and wine quality of Arvine grapes in Switzerland." OENO One 54, no. 3 (August 25, 2020): 553–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2020.54.3.3106.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aims: The aim of the present study was to analyse the impact of different water regimes on the physiological and agronomical behavior of an aromatic white grapevine (cv. Arvine) by means of various levels of irrigation. The consequences of the plant water status were evaluated by carrying out a chemical (aromatic precursors) and sensorial analysis of the resulting wines.Methods and results: Adult vines of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Arvine grafted onto 5BB were subjected to different water regimes (various levels of irrigation) during the growing season. Physiological indicators were used to monitor the plant water status [pre-dawn leaf (ΨPD) and stem (ΨSTEM) water potentials and carbon isotope composition (d13C) in the must]. Gas exchange (net photosynthesis AN and transpiration E), stomatal conductance (gs), yield parameters, berry composition at harvest, analysis of potential grape aromatic properties (glycosyl-glucose G-G, precursor 3-mercaptohexanol P 3-MH) and the sensorial quality of wines were analysed over a period of 8 consecutive years (2009-2016) in the Agroscope experimental vineyard in Leytron under the relatively dry conditions of the Rhône valley in Wallis, Switzerland.In the non-irrigated vines, the progressively increasing water deficit observed over the season reduced the leaf gas exchange (AN and E) and gs. The intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi, A/gs) increased over the season and was greater in the vines that had suffered water restriction than in the irrigated vines. The rise in WUEi was correlated with an increase in d13C in the must sugars at harvest. A decrease in plant vigor was observed in the water stressed vines over multiple years. Moderate to high water stress during fruit ripening lowered the contents of total and malic acidity in the musts and the content of yeast available nitrogen (YAN). On the other hand, contents in sugar and the aromatic precursor (P-3MH) in berries were not influenced by the vine water status. The G-G values for berries increased with rising water stress in the non-irrigated vines. The wines from the plants subjected to water stress and to yeast available nitrogen deficiency (non-irrigated vines during hot and dry seasons) had a less distinctive typicity, and developed a lower aromatic expression with a more bitter taste, than the wines from the non-stressed plants. Overall, and compared with the stressed vines, the organoleptic characteristics and quality of Arvine wines from vines which had not undergone restrictions in water and nitrogen during the growing season were appreciated more.Conclusions: The vine’s physiological behavior (leaf gas exchange, plant vigor) and agronomic parameters (yield, berry composition), together with the quality of white aromatic Arvine wines, were strongly influenced by vine water regimes during the growing season.Significance and impact of the study: Vine water status and must nitrogen contents are key factors in grape composition and in the sensorial quality of resulting aromatic white wines.
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Son, In-Chang, Jae-Hyuk Park, and Seon-Kyu Kim*. "Effect of Shading and Water Stress on Growth of `Campbell Early' Grape (Vitis hybrid)." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 849B—849. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.849b.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Three-year-old `Campbell Early' grapevines were subjected to 4 levels of shading (0, 30, 60, and 90%) combined with 3 levels of soil moisture content (12, 34.6, and 100 kPa), and their growth responses were examined. Increase in shoot length of vines grown without soil water stress (12 kPa and 34.6 kPa) and light stress (non-shading and 30% shading) was higher than those grown under 100 kPa and heavy shading. Leaf number showed a gradual increase in proportion to decreasing shading and increasing light level, showing some overgrowth with 30% shading. Leaf area increment of vines with sufficient soil moisture (12 kPa) was the highest, but 30% shading reduced the rate by one half. Chlorophyll content of vine leaves grown under 12 kPa or 34.6 kPa increased regardless of shading level, but that of 30% shading became more important after 30 days. The qP and qN values of vines grown under 12 kPa and 34.6 kPa decreased with the shading level, and under 100 kPa, even non-shading vines showed a drastic decrease. When grown under 12 kPa, photosynthetic rate of non-shaded vines was higher than shaded vines, but when water-stressed, that of non-shaded vines showed a sharp decrease. Increasing shading and water stress level resulted in decrease of sucrose and starch content and increase of reducing sugar.
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CRAMER, G. R. "Abiotic stress and plant responses from the whole vine to the genes." Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 16 (January 2010): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.2009.00058.x.
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Zhang, Dalu, Meilan Yan, and Andreas Tsopanakis. "Financial stress relationships among Euro area countries: an R-vine copula approach." European Journal of Finance 24, no. 17 (January 7, 2018): 1587–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1351847x.2017.1419273.
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Calvo-Garrido, Carlos, Aurélie Songy, Ariadna Marmol, Rafael Roda, Christophe Clément, and Florence Fontaine. "Description of the relationship between trunk disease expression and meteorological conditions, irrigation and physiological response in Chardonnay grapevines." OENO One 55, no. 2 (April 20, 2021): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2021.55.2.4548.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Esca disease and Botryosphaeria dieback are currently considered as serious grapevine diseases which affect vineyard health and induce economic losses. Both of these trunk diseases (GTDs) are caused by a complex of pathogens, and foliar expression is influenced by several factors, including environmental factors such as water stress. To manage water stress in some vine areas, culture practice based on irrigation systems for limiting water stress have been developed; however, little knowledge of the influence of such systems on GTD emergence is currently available. The present paper addresses the impact of irrigation systems and climatic factors (rainfall and temperature) on the expression of GTDs, specifically esca and Botryosphaeria dieback. A field experiment on Chardonnay in North East Spain, a vine growing area where drought is present and which is managed by an irrigation system, was therefore carried out during a 3-year period. The water stress impact on GTD expression was evaluated by measuring the GTD incidence and analysing different physiological parameters at different phenological stages, including principal component analysis and gene expression. The main finding of this study was the significant roles of vine transpiration and water availability, which depend on irrigation volume and rainfall amount; together, they may explain the erratic symptom expression in plants infected by GTD fungi depending on the year. All these parameters are discussed to better understand the relationship between GTD expression, irrigation system and climatic factors.
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Wang, Yu, Wei-Kai Chen, Xiao-Tong Gao, Lei He, Xiao-Hui Yang, Fei He, Chang-Qing Duan, and Jun Wang. "Rootstock-Mediated Effects on Cabernet Sauvignon Performance: Vine Growth, Berry Ripening, Flavonoids, and Aromatic Profiles." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020401.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rootstocks are widely used in viticulture due to their resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Additionally, rootstocks can affect vine growth and berry quality. This study evaluated the effects of eight rootstocks (101-14, 110R, 5A, 5BB, Ganzin 1, Harmony, Riparia Gloire, and SO4) on the vine growth, berry ripening, and flavonoids and aromatic profiles of Cabernet Sauvignon in two consecutive seasons (2015–2016). With few exceptions, minor differences were observed among grafted and own-rooted vines. Own-rooted vines produced the least pruning weight but the highest yield. 101-14, 5BB, and SO4 slightly reduced total soluble solids, but increased acidity, showing tendencies for retarding maturation. Ganzin 1 inhibited the accumulation of flavan-3-ols in berry skins. Furthermore, concentrations and proportions of epicatechin-3-O-galate were decreased by rootstocks, except for 110R. 5A, Harmony, and Riparia Gloire enhanced flavonol concentrations. SO4 slightly decreased most of the individual anthocyanin concentrations. With respect to volatile compounds, 110R, Riparia Gloire, and SO4 induced reductions in concentrations of total esters, whilst 101-14, Ganzin 1, 110R, and 5BB led to increases in the concentrations of C13-norisoprenoids. Therefore, with respect to the negative effects of SO4 on berry ripening and the accumulation of anthocyanin and volatile esters, SO4 is not recommended in practice.
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Sandler, Hilary A. "Response of Four Cranberry Varieties to Delayed Applications of Dichlobenil." Weed Technology 27, no. 1 (March 2013): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00082.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Field studies were conducted in 2009 and 2010 on established commercial cranberry farms in southeastern Massachusetts to evaluate cranberry vine injury and yield with two rates of dichlobenil (1.8 and 2.7 kg ai ha−1) applied at various growth stages starting in mid-May. Four varieties were evaluated: ‘Ben Lear', ‘Early Black', ‘Howes', and ‘Stevens'. Ben Lear vines exhibited leaf-stress symptoms in both years, and Howes and Stevens vines had leaf symptoms in 1 yr. Data indicated that applications made during periods of flower-part development and growth (jewel through bloom) had the highest injury ratings. Growth stage affected injury ratings by variety and dichlobenil rate in 1 out of 2 yr. In all cases, leaf symptoms abated by the end of the season. No effect on yield (wt of fruit per unit area) was detected for any treatment combination on any variety in either year. Data from the present study support pursuit of future studies and can guide management decisions for dodder control to a limited extent. Longer studies are needed to fully evaluate repeated, annual applications of dichlobenil dispensed during periods of rapid growth on cranberry vine development and yield. Further work is also needed to document the practical use of delayed applications of dichlobenil for dodder management.
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Puig-Sirera, Àngela, Daniele Antichi, Dylan Warren Raffa, and Giovanni Rallo. "Application of Remote Sensing Techniques to Discriminate the Effect of Different Soil Management Treatments over Rainfed Vineyards in Chianti Terroir." Remote Sensing 13, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040716.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The work aimed to discriminate among different soil management treatments in terms of beneficial effects by high-resolution thermal and spectral vegetation imagery using an unmanned aerial vehicle and open-source GIS software. Five soil management treatments were applied in two organic vineyards (cv. Sangiovese) from Chianti Classico terroir (Tuscany, Italy) during two experimental years. The treatments tested consisted of conventional tillage, spontaneous vegetation, pigeon bean (Vicia faba var. minor Beck) incorporated in spring, mixture of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and clover (Trifolium squarrosum L.) incorporated or left as dead mulch in late spring. The images acquired remotely were analyzed through map-algebra and map-statistics in QGIS and correlated with field ecophysiological measurements. The surface temperature, crop water stress index (CWSI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of each vine row under treatments were compared based on frequency distribution functions and statistics descriptors of position. The spectral vegetation and thermal-based indices were significantly correlated with the respective leaf area index (R2 = 0.89) and stem water potential measurements (R2 = 0.59), and thus are an expression of the crop vigor and water status. The gravel and active limestone soil components determined the spatial variability of vine biophysical (e.g., canopy vigor) and physiological characteristics (e.g., vine chlorophyll content) in both farms. The vine canopy surface temperature, and CWSI were lower on the spontaneous and pigeon bean treatments in both farms, thus evidencing less physiological stress on the vine rows derived from the cover crop residual effect. In conclusion, the proposed methodology showed the capacity to discriminate across soil management practices and map the spatial variability within vineyards. The methodology could serve as a simple and non-invasive tool for precision soil management in rainfed vineyards to guide producers on using the most efficient and profitable practice.
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Valentini, Gabriele, Chiara Pastore, Gianluca Allegro, Riccardo Mazzoleni, Fabio Chinnici, and Ilaria Filippetti. "Vine Physiology, Yield Parameters and Berry Composition of Sangiovese Grape under Two Different Canopy Shapes and Irrigation Regimes." Agronomy 12, no. 8 (August 20, 2022): 1967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12081967.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vitis vinifera L. adapts well to a scarce availability of water in the soil. However, in recent decades, the combination of thermal stress with prolonged water scarcity could have dramatic consequences on the vine’s physiological status. In this paper, we evaluated the effects of two canopy shapes and two irrigation regimes at veraison on vine physiology, yield parameters and grape composition through biochemical and molecular approaches. The water shortage strongly influenced the physiology of Sangiovese only when the stress was moderate to severe. Neither the water stress limited to veraison nor the canopy shape were able to influence the yield parameters and sugar content, and a strong induction of the expression of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins was recorded only in conditions of moderate-to-severe stress. This phenomenon led to an increase in the anthocyanin content in berry skins until the end of veraison. Conversely, no significant effects occurred in terms of biochemical and molecular performance after re-watering and at harvest. Though the shape of the canopy could play a role only under elevated temperature and prolonged drought, severe water stress can affect the vine physiology and berry ripening during the veraison stage.
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McLean, Mike, Stan Howell, and Alvin Smucker. "090 THE EFFECTS OF WATER-STRESS, ROOTSTOCK AND CROP LOAD ON VINE AND ROOT GROWTH IN SEYVAL GRAPEVINES." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 441a—441. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.441a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This experiment was conducted to evaluate interrelationships between differing crop loads and water stress on carbohydrate partitioning for above and below-ground tissues of Seyval grapevines grafted on three different rootstocks. Fine root development and depth were determined by quantifying root images from video recordings taken to depths of 80 cm at approximately 2 week intervals throughout the growing season. Two-year own-rooted Seyval grapevines, and Seyval grafted to 5BB and to Seyval were grown under a rain exclusion shelter and provided with 10 or 2.5 liters of water/plant/week. Treatments were cropping level, either 0 or 6 clusters per vine. Shoot length, number of mature nodes, leaf area and dry leaf weight of vines under high cropping level were reduced compared to vines growing under the low cropping level; so was root number and depth of penetration. Conditions of low soil-moisture resulted in carbohydrate partitioning in favor of the clusters at the expense of the roots, and carbohydrate partitioning in favor of the roots at the expense of the above-ground vegetation.
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Basile, Boris, Jordi Marsal, Mercè Mata, Xavier Vallverdú, Joaquim Bellvert, and Joan Girona. "Phenological Sensitivity of Cabernet Sauvignon to Water Stress: Vine Physiology and Berry Composition." American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 62, no. 4 (July 26, 2011): 452–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2011.11003.
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Fischer, Matthias, Daniel Kraus, Marius Pfeuffer, and Claudia Czado. "Stress Testing German Industry Sectors: Results from a Vine Copula Based Quantile Regression." Risks 5, no. 3 (July 19, 2017): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks5030038.
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Cousin, P., O. Husson, M. Richardoz, and S. Reinig. "Measuring plant stress to design and steer agroecological systems: the grape vine example." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1355 (December 2022): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2022.1355.53.
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Zombardo, Alessandra, Erica Mica, Sergio Puccioni, Rita Perria, Paolo Valentini, Giovan Battista Mattii, Luigi Cattivelli, and Paolo Storchi. "Berry Quality of Grapevine under Water Stress as Affected by Rootstock–Scion Interactions through Gene Expression Regulation." Agronomy 10, no. 5 (May 12, 2020): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050680.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite phenotypic plasticity that allows the adaptation to harsh environments, when vines experience severe abiotic stresses, they can suffer from metabolic damages affecting grape production and quality. Grafting is an affordable strategy to mitigate these negative consequences since the rootstock can increase the drought tolerance in the scion. This work explored the effects of pre-veraison water deficit on vines grafted on different rootstocks (Mgt 101-14 and 1103 Paulsen) to obtain physiological, biochemical, and molecular information about the influence on grape quality. Repeated measurements were carried out to assess vine physiology, production, technological maturity, and berry phenolic composition. qRT-PCRs were executed on berry skins at maturity to assess the expression levels of ten genes and five miRNAs involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway. Water stress caused significant alterations in grape technological maturity. The rootstock effect was not detected in primary metabolism while it was well defined in the accumulation of phenolic compounds in berries (such as anthocyanins). Finally, significant differences were identified in gene and miRNA expression between water-stressed and well-watered vines. In conclusion, the response to water stress can be modulated by rootstocks, which mainly act by regulating secondary metabolism, especially in grapes.
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Schreiner, R. Paul, and Jungmin Lee. "Effects of Post-véraison Water Deficit on ‘Pinot noir’ Yield and Nutrient Status in Leaves, Clusters, and Musts." HortScience 49, no. 10 (October 2014): 1335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.49.10.1335.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
‘Pinot noir’ grapevines were grown in a pot-in-pot system using a red-hill-soil where volumetric soil water content (θv) was carefully controlled. Four-year-old vines were supplied with one of two irrigation regimes (wet or dry) between véraison and fruit maturity and the experiment was repeated over 2 years. From véraison to harvest, vines in the wet treatment received irrigation whenever θv approached ≈15% maintaining leaf water potential (Ψleaf) above –1.0 MPa. Vines in the dry treatment received irrigation when θv approached 11% to 12% and experienced significant water stress (Ψleaf ≈–1.4 MPa) before water was re-supplied. Vines were destructively harvested at véraison and at fruit maturity to determine biomass and nutrient content in the current season’s above-ground tissues. Fruit yield, maturity indices, and must nutrient composition were measured at maturity. Irrigation did not influence vine growth in either year nor did it influence yield or fruit maturity indices. Irrigation also had no influence on leaf, whole cluster, or must mineral nutrient concentrations. Vine growth, yield, and nutrient status in leaves and musts varied by year. Vegetative growth was greater in 2007 than 2008, whereas yield and cluster weights were greater in 2008. Also in 2008, whole clusters obtained a greater proportion of dry matter and nutrients after véraison when differing irrigation treatments were imposed. Nonetheless, irrigation did not affect must chemical composition. These findings suggest that periodic post-véraison water deficits that are moderate to severe have little effect on berry nutrient and sugar accumulation in ‘Pinot noir’ cropped at typical levels for this variety.
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Tombesi, Sergio, Paolo Sabbatini, Tommaso Frioni, Francesca Grisafi, Federico Barone, Paolo Zani, Alberto Palliotti, and Stefano Poni. "Grapevine Response to Stress Generated by Excessive Temperatures during the Budburst." Horticulturae 8, no. 3 (February 22, 2022): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8030187.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
At springtime, the formation of stem somatic traits (stem elongation and leaf growth) and reproductive activity (flowering and fruit set) occur simultaneously. They are all competing carbon sinks, with an extremely high demand for carbohydrates. The shoot growth rate is strongly related to environmental temperature, which, according to climate change scenarios, is expected to increase also in extremes. Our hypothesis was that the increase in temperature during budburst could increase the vegetative carbon sink strength reducing the carbon stock available for the reproductive activity jeopardizing flowering of the next year. In our experiment, we artificially conditioned grapevine budburst by exposing the growing shoots to different temperature regimes. Higher temperatures during the spring vegetative growth favored shoot stem extension at the detriment of shoot leaf area. This caused a reduction in vine CO2 assimilation, which, combined with the competition of the growing vegetative organs, affected the concurrent reproductive activity, with carry-over effects on the following year, resulting in a limited flower initiation in dormant buds. These results suggest that the increase in springtime temperature can alter canopy development and vine physiology, resulting in the reduction in reproductive activity with an economical negative impact on grapevine productivity.