Статті в журналах: "Village alzheimer"

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Lemaire, Alexandre, Marie-José Ancel, Nadine Béague, Géraldine Camagne, Julien Cousteaux, Laurie Flottes, Stéphany Lemaître, and Florent Ruzzu. "Une nécropole à crémation et un dépotoir du Premier âge du Fer à Dax (Landes), “Village Alzheimer, rue Pascal Lafitte”." Aquitania : une revue inter-régionale d'archéologie 36, no. 1 (2020): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/aquit.2020.1519.

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Pangandaheng, Nansy Delia, and Gitalia Putri Medea. "DETEKSI DINI INGATAN (MEMORI) PADA LANSIA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SHORT PORTABLE MENTAL STATUS QUESTIONNAIRE (SPMSQ) DI KAMPUNG BELENGAN KECAMATAN MANGANITU." Jurnal Ilmiah Tatengkorang 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54484/tkrg.v6i1.444.

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Abstrak: Perkembangan memori pada lansia dapat mengalami kemunduran terutama dalam perkembangan kemampuan mental, termasuk kehilangan memori, disorientasi dan kebingungan. Penurunan fungsi kognitif yang terjadi pada lanjut usia dapat berlanjut menjadi gangguan demensia vaskuler maupun alzheimer disease apabila tidak ditangani dengan baik. Tujuan PKMS ini yaitu mengetahui fungsi kognitif pada lanjut usia. Kegiatan penyuluhan dilakukan dari rumah ke rumah hal ini dilakukan karena pandemi Covid-19, dimana tim pengabdian mengunjungi rumah-rumah lansia yang tinggal dikampung Belengan Kecamatan Manganitu. Deteksi dini ingatan dilakukan dengan menggunakan Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire dan penyuluhan kesehatan resiko terjadinya demensia pada lansia. Dari 10 orang lansia yang dilakukan pemeriksaan melalui SPMQ terdapat 7 orang lansia memiliki kemampuan mengingat dengan baik, 2 orang mengalami gangguan mengingat ringan dan 1 orang lansia mengalami gangguan mengingat sedang. Abstract: The development of memory in the elderly can experience a decline, especially in the development of mental abilities, including memory loss, disorientation, and confusion. The decline in cognitive function that occurs in the elderly can progress to vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease if not treated properly. The purpose of this PKMS is to know cognitive function in the elderly. Counseling activities were carried out from the house to house, this was done because of the Covid-19 pandemic, where the service team visited the homes of the elderly who lived in Belengan village, Manganitu District. Early detection of memory is carried out using the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire and health education on the risk of dementia in the elderly. Of the 10 elderly people who were examined through SPMQ, 7 elderly people had good memory skills, 2 people had mild memory problems and 1 elderly had moderate memory problems.

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Dainy, Nunung Cipta, Inne Indraaryani Suryaalamsah, and Dadang Herdiansyah. "SENAM OTAK SERTA EDUKASI KONSUMSI PANGAN SUMBER VITAMIN B12 DAN OMEGA-3 UNTUK CEGAH ALZHEIMERS." JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri) 7, no. 2 (April 9, 2023): 1138. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jmm.v7i2.13258.

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Abstrak: Lansia berisiko mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif atau alzheimers yaitu ketika mengalami kesulitan mengingat, mempelajari hal-hal baru, berkonsentrasi, atau membuat keputusan yang memengaruhi kehidupan sehari-hari. Salah satu upaya mencegah terjadinya penurunan fungsi kognitif adalah dengan mengonsumsi pangan sumber vitamin B12, omega-3 dan aktivitas senam otak. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan pralansia dan lansia tentang upaya pencegahan penyakit alzheimers. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2022 dengan menggunakan metode penyuluhan, diskusi dan praktik senam otak. Peserta kegiatan ini adalah anggota Posbindu Subadra Desa Sinar Sari, Kecamatan Dramaga Kabupaten Bogor sebanyak 59 orang. Evaluasi kegiatan dilakukan dengan pengisian kuesioner pre-test dan post-test yang diisi oleh peserta dan kuesioner kepuasan mitra dalam hal ini kader Posbindu Subadra. Hasil dari kegiatan ini telah tercapai peningkatan pengetahuan peserta dari skor rata-rata 58.9 saat pre-test menjadi rata-rata nilai 90,0 saat post-test. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini telah berhasil meningkatkan pengetahuan lansia dan pralansia tentang mencegah penyakit alzheimers dan pentingnya memenuhi asupan gizi vitamin B12 dan Omega-3. Senam otak sebaiknya dilakukan secara berkala atau menjadi program rutin Posbindu agar para lansia tetap terjaga kesehatan fungsi kognitifnya. Abstract: The elderly are at risk of cognitive decline or Alzheimer's when they have difficulty remembering, learning new things, concentrating, or making decisions that affect their daily lives. One of the efforts to prevent cognitive decline is consuming food sources of vitamin B12 and omega-3 and brain exercise activities. This activity aims to increase the knowledge of the pre-elderly and the elderly to prevent Alzheimer's disease. The action was carried out in December 2022 using the method of counseling, discussion, and brain exercise practice. The participants of this activity were members of Posbindu Subadra Sinar Sari Village, Dramaga District, Bogor Regency, totaling 59 people. Evaluation of activities was carried out by filling out pre-test and post-test questionnaires by participants and partner satisfaction questionnaires. This activity has increased participant knowledge from an average score of 58.9 during the pre-test to an average score of 90.0 during the post-test. This community service activity has succeeded in increasing the knowledge of the elderly and pre-elderly about preventing Alzheimer's disease and the importance of fulfilling nutritional intake of vitamin B12 and Omega-3. Brain gymnastics should be done regularly or become a routine Posbindu program so the elderly can maintain their cognitive function and health.

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Stanzani-Maserati, Michelangelo, Maddalena De Matteis, Luca Bosco, Flavia Baccari, Corrado Zenesini, Micaela Mitolo, Chiara La Morgia, Roberto Gallassi, and Sabina Capellari. "“Build Your Village”—Conducting the Village Test on Cognitively Impaired Patients: A First Journey into Alzheimerland." Brain Sciences 14, no. 6 (May 21, 2024): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14060523.

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Background: This work aimed to study the Village Test (VT) in a group of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and compare the results with those of a group of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and controls. Methods: A total of 50 patients with AD, 28 patients with MCI, and 38 controls were evaluated. All participants underwent the VT and an extensive neuropsychological evaluation. Results: The mean ages of the participants were 74.4 years for those with AD, 74 for those with MCI, and 70.2 for the controls. The AD group built smaller and essential villages with a scarce use of pieces, a poor use of dynamic pieces, and scarce use of human figures. All constructions were often concentrated in the center of the table. Conclusions: The villages built by the AD group represent a cognitive and affective coarctation and indicate a sense of existential disorientation and isolation. The VT is a useful aid for getting in touch with the inner emotional and existential states of patients with AD, and it could represent a complementary screening tool for orienting cognitive impairment diagnoses.

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Prayanti, Diorita Dyah, and Muhammad Hamdan. "Correlation Between Zinc Level and Cognitive Function Among the Pre Elderly." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 3108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9144.

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Zinc is required for various physiological and biochemical functions in the body. Although it is needed in the physiological processes of the body, deficiencies and excess levels of Zinc can harm humans. Excess levels of Zinc in the body can cause Alzheimer’s disease while Zinc deficiency can cause impaired cognitive function. This study aims to determine the correlation between Zinc levels with cognitive function among the pre-elderly in Bulak Village, Surabaya. The subjects were all elderly patients who visited Integrated Health Service Post of Elderly in Bulak, Kenjeran, and Surabaya from April 2015 to July 2015. The subjects were divided into 2 groups, the case group consisted of subjects with TMT-B >180 seconds and the control group consisted of subjects with TMT-B ≤180 seconds. Zinc levels of subjects were examined in hair using the technique of atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). Data analysis was using Chi-Square test with SPSS 21.0 program. There was no correlation between Zinc levels with cognitive function either statistically or clinically (p = 0.777, RO= 1.174, CI = 0.387-3.650). In conclusion, Zinc levels were not correlated with cognitive function among the pre-elderly in Bulak Village, Surabaya.

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Santoso, Andreas Putro Ragil, Devyana Dyah Wulandari, and Devyani Dyah Wulansari. "Hubungan Paparan Pestisida Terhadap Kadar Trigliserida Pada Petani Di Daerah Mojokerto." JOURNAL OF MUHAMMADIYAH MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGIST 3, no. 1 (June 4, 2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30651/jmlt.v3i1.4765.

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Alzheimer’s chronic generational neuro disease is indicated by the loss of neurons and synapses, factors that cause Alzheimer’s include cholesterol such as triglycerides and poisoning due to pesticides due to pesticides due to spraying activity. This study aimed to determine the extent of pesticide exposure to triglyceride levels in farmers in the Mojokerto area. This research is an observational type of research with an experimental approach. This research was conducted in Sumbersono Village, Dlanggu Subdistrict, Mojokerto Regency with 25 farmers who carried out spraying activities. This study uses a correlation test that is the Spearman's test with a confidence level of p < 0.05. Based on results of the study showed that farmers who carried out pesticide spraying activities with a working period of up to more than 15 years with a long time under the field around 3-6 hours but did not use personal protective equipment properly. The results of the average triglyceride levels of 158.2 mg / dL Spearman's test showed triglyceride hash to work mas amounted to 0.899, to the length of work of 0.442 and to the use of PPE 0.811 it showed p > 0.05 which means there was no relationship between farmers who carried out spraying activities with triglyceride levels.Keyword: Farmer, Spraying activity, Triglycerides

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Cox, Paul Alan, David A. Davis, Deborah C. Mash, James S. Metcalf, and Sandra Anne Banack. "Dietary exposure to an environmental toxin triggers neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid deposits in the brain." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1823 (January 27, 2016): 20152397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2397.

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Neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and β-amyloid plaques are the neurological hallmarks of both Alzheimer's disease and an unusual paralytic illness suffered by Chamorro villagers on the Pacific island of Guam. Many Chamorros with the disease suffer dementia, and in some villages one-quarter of the adults perished from the disease. Like Alzheimer's, the causal factors of Guamanian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism dementia complex (ALS/PDC) are poorly understood. In replicated experiments, we found that chronic dietary exposure to a cyanobacterial toxin present in the traditional Chamorro diet, β- N -methylamino- l -alanine (BMAA), triggers the formation of both NFT and β-amyloid deposits similar in structure and density to those found in brain tissues of Chamorros who died with ALS/PDC. Vervets ( Chlorocebus sabaeus ) fed for 140 days with BMAA-dosed fruit developed NFT and sparse β-amyloid deposits in the brain. Co-administration of the dietary amino acid l -serine with l -BMAA significantly reduced the density of NFT. These findings indicate that while chronic exposure to the environmental toxin BMAA can trigger neurodegeneration in vulnerable individuals, increasing the amount of l -serine in the diet can reduce the risk.

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Afgin, Anne E., Magda Massarwa, Edna Schechtman, Simon D. Israeli-Korn, Rosa Strugatsky, Amin Abuful, Lindsay A. Farrer, Robert P. Friedland, and Rivka Inzelberg. "High Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease in Arabic Villages in Northern Israel: Impact of Gender and Education." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 29, no. 2 (March 20, 2012): 431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-2011-111667.

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S.Kirubakaran, S. Kirubakaran, K. Logeswari K.Logeswari, G. Aravind G.Aravind, M. Janaki M. Janaki, and J. Shanmuga Priya J. Shanmuga Priya. "Chronic Morbidity Pattern and Quality of Life among Geriatric Fisherman Population in Pondicherry-An Explanatory Sequential Mixed Method Study." BJKines National Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences 15, no. 01 (June 18, 2023): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.56018/202306118.

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Abstract Background: Almost half of the geriatric population in India has chronic morbidity. Health status is an important factor that has a significant impact on the quality of life of an elderly population. Objectives: To find out the pattern of chronic morbidities and to explore the coping skills among the Geriatric Population. Methodology: The study was Explanatory Mixed Methods study design, where a quantitative phase (Survey) followed by the qualitative phase (In depth interviews [IDI]) is used. A total of 450 patients aged 60 and above from the coastal villages were studied and analysed. Socio Demographic details, Morbidity Patten and the treatment taken. Results: For the 5 item General Health Questionnaire among the 254 Young old 92 (36.2%) were positive and among the 216 Older/Oldest population about 88 (40.7%) were positive which is statistically significant (p value 0.0224) comparing the two age categories Regarding Alzheimer’s disease – 8 item questionnaire positive there is statistically very significant (p value 0.0003) difference among the Young old 44 (17.6%) and for Older/Oldest population about 64 (29.6%).Conclusion: Hence it is prudent to screen the elderly population for these General health, Alzheimer’s diseases spread knowledge, awareness and self-care advice to them among the fisherman community though their food pattern and physical activity is on positive note. This will help to create “the society for ages” and to promote the concept of active and healthy ageing. Keywords: Elderly, Quality of Life, Chronic morbidity, Geriatrics, Fisherman

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Kirubakaran, Dr S., Dr K. Logeswari, Dr G. Arvind, Dr M. Janaki, and Dr J. Shanmuga Priya. "Chronic Morbidity Pattern and Quality of Life among Geriatric Fisherman Population in Pondicherry-An Explanatory Sequential Mixed Method Study." BJKines National Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences 15, no. 01 (June 18, 2023): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.56018/20230618.

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Background: Almost half of the geriatric population in India has chronic morbidity. Health status is an important factor that has a significant impact on the quality of life of an elderly population. Objectives: To find out the pattern of chronic morbidities and to explore the coping skills among the Geriatric Population. Methodology: The study was Explanatory Mixed Methods study design, where a quantitative phase (Survey) followed by the qualitative phase (In depth interviews [IDI]) is used. A total of 450 patients aged 60 and above from the coastal villages were studied and analysed. Socio Demographic details, Morbidity Patten and the treatment taken. Results: For the 5 item General Health Questionnaire among the 254 Young old 92 (36.2%) were positive and among the 216 Older/Oldest population about 88 (40.7%) were positive which is statistically significant (p value 0.0224) comparing the two age categories Regarding Alzheimer‘s disease – 8 item questionnaire positive there is statistically very significant (p value 0.0003) difference among the Young old 44 (17.6%) and for Older/Oldest population about 64 (29.6%).Conclusion: Hence it is prudent to screen the elderly population for these General health, Alzheimer‘s diseases spread knowledge, awareness and self-care advice to them among the fisherman community though their food pattern and physical activity is on positive note. This will help to create ―the society for ages‖ and to promote the concept of active and healthy ageing.

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Persad, Alyssa, Edward Hammel, Mitchell Roberts, Erica Sappington, Paul Dagum, Jeffrey Iliff, Swati Rane Levendovszky, and Carla VandeWeerd. "ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THE GERIATRIC DEPRESSION SCALE AND APNEA-HYPOPNEA INDEX IN OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.3198.

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Abstract The prevalence of sleep apnea increases with age and depression. Sleep plays an important role in memory consolidation, therefore, changes in sleep quality may play a contributing factor to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s. Findings from a retrospective analysis of a randomized control sleep study are presented for healthy participants (N=33) with no self-reported mental health conditions between 11/7/2022-6/7/2023. As part of a larger study, this sub-study occurred in The Villages in a partnership between the UFHealth PHRC and Applied Cognition. Participants completed the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and Polysomnography (PSG), with the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) extracted from the PSG data. The relationship between sleep apnea and depression was examined using descriptive statistics and linear regression. The mean age of participants was 61.9, with 55% being male. GDS-15 scores showed a strong negative correlation with AHI (p<.001), indicating that as GDS scores increased, AHI decreased. The R2 value (0.06) indicates little variation in the data and is a good fit for the model. Limited data due to the small sample size may contribute to the observed relationship. Although the effect size was small, symptoms related to depression could contribute to decreased AHI. A sample from The Villages may be biased towards a higher social cohesion lifestyle than other communities, showing how elements of depression may differently impact sleep apnea. Further studies are needed to identify further associations and implement appropriate interventions.

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Hammel, Edward, Mitchell Roberts, Erica Sappington, Paul Dagum, Jeffrey Iliff, Swati Rane Levendovszky, Jeff Lowenkron, and Carla VandeWeerd. "ASSOCIATION OF RAPID EYE MOVEMENT SLEEP AND APOE PROTEOTYPE TO COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE IN OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.3195.

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Abstract Exploring the multifaceted interaction of sleep, disease-related biomarkers and cognitive decline is of particular importance for aging populations. Sleep quality and the APOE E3/E4 allele has been linked to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). This study aims to examine relationships between older adults’ level of cognitive performance, proportion of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and APOE proteotype. Analysis of sleep study data collected in an active lifestyle retirement community - The Villages, Florida was conducted using a subset of markers collected as part of a larger cognitive health study. Polysomnography, cognitive battery (Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA), Trail Making Tests(TMT), Symbol Digit Modalities Test(SDMT), Psychomotor Vigilance Test(PVT)), and APOE blood-biomarker (E2/E3,E3/E3,E3/E4) data were obtained from healthy participants (n=33) aged 55-65. Descriptive statistics, multilinear regression, and ANOVA were used. Participants’ mean age was 61.9 years, with 55% being male. Cognitive test scores did not show a significant relationship with REM sleep percentage (p=0.3096). No consistent dispersion or skew was shown in box plot analysis of APOE proteotype across cognitive performance measures. Unexpectedly, although not statistically significant (p=0.396), average REM sleep percentage was higher in the APOE E3/E4 group (20.04%, Mean:75.44 minutes) as compared to the E3/E3 group (15.99%,Mean: 59.07 minutes). Proteotype E3/E4 was examined specifically due to its potential association with Alzheimer’s disease. The REM sleep proportion was lower than the average experienced on a typical night at home, possibly due to study conditions. Further research is needed examining the relationship between older adults with REM sleep insufficiency and cognitive impairment.

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Glicksman, Allen, Lauren Ring, and Sandra Torres. "LINKING ETHNIC MINORITY ELDERS TO PROGRAMS AND SERVICES: CHALLENGES TO BUILDING NETWORKS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.839.

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Abstract Building networks that are effective in linking older adults to supportive programs and services often involves challenges related to access, eligibility requirements, the elder's ability to understand enrollment processes, and lack of trust in service providers. For ethnic minority elders these challenges are often greater due to additional linguistic and cultural barriers. The four presentations on this panel address challenges to building effective service networks for ethnic minority elders using data derived from focus groups with members of these communities and those tasked with providing their care. The first presentation (Graham and Tseng) examines the Village model, a model designed to empower older adults, and asks why more Latino, African American and Asian elders do not participate. The second paper (Ågård) looks at communication difficulties as a source for understanding the nature of cross-cultural discussions around end of life issues with ethnic minority patients. The third paper (Ajrouch, Janevic, and Antonucci) explores how caregiving programs for Alzheimer’s Disease patients can be modified to better serve Arabic speaking caregivers. The final paper (Ring, Liebman, Glicksman and Rodriguez) uses data collected among Spanish and Chinese (Mandarin) speaking elders to design a conceptual model which describes how ethnic minority and other elderly navigate the Long Term Care Services and Supports network. Our respondent will place these papers within the growing theoretical work on diversity and care support.

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Ni Kadek Yuni Lestari, Yuni, Ni Luh Putu Thrisna Dewi, and Ni Made Era Mahayani. "The Effect of Feet Reflection Massage on Blood Pressure in Hypertension Patients at Community Health Centers II Petang." Nursing and Health Sciences Journal (NHSJ) 3, no. 1 (March 2, 2023): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53713/nhs.v3i1.151.

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Complications of hypertension cause various health problems such as kidney damage, heart attack, stroke, glaucoma, erectile dysfunction, dementia and alzheimer's. One of the non-pharmacological treatments to avoid the long-term effects of hypertension is foot reflexology therapy. Foot reflexology therapy is a therapy that suppresses the zones and nerve points on the right and left soles of the feet. This study aims to determine the effect of foot reflexology on blood pressure in patients with hypertension. This type of research is a Quasi Experiment with a Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. The population in this study were all 102 people with hypertension in Pelaga village. The sample selection used was purposive sampling with a total of 36 people. Foot reflexology intervention is given 3 times a week for 20 minutes. The average difference in blood pressure before and after the foot reflexology intervention in the treatment group was 10.39 mmHg and the average difference in the control group was 0.94 mmHg. The results of the analysis used was Mann-Whitney analysis that is p-value of 0.000 (p <0.05), so it can be concluded that there is an effect of foot reflexology on blood pressure in hypertension sufferers in Community Health Center II Petang. Foot reflexology can be used as an alternative to non-pharmacological treatment programs for patients to prevent further complications from uncontrolled hypertension.

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Sönmez Gürer, Eda, Ayşe Esra Karadağ, Rengin Baydar, and Melek Demirel. "Investigation of the chemical composition, antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of Consolida orientalis." Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine 7, no. 6 (October 27, 2024): 691–95. https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1536913.

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Aims: It is known that a decrease in the amount of acetylcholine in the body, which is known to be responsible for learning and cholinergic activity in the nervous system, causes Alzheimer’s disease. Acetylcholine is destroyed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes in the nervous system. Consolida orientalis (C. orientalis) is a species that belongs to the Ranunculaceae family and grows naturally in many parts of the world. It is known that it plays a role in many biological activities thanks to its content of important phytochemical components such as phenolics and alkaloids. In this study; It was aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity, AChE and BChE enzyme inhibition activities of C. orientalis flower extracts. Methods: The chemical content of ethanol extracts obtained from the flowers of C. orientalis plant, which was collected and identified from Sivas İmaret village between June and July 2023, was examined with 6 different reference substances (gallic acid, rosmarinic acid, myrcetin, quercetin, apigenin and camphorol). Antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) tests. Ascorbic acid and trolox were used as positive controls. The inhibition capacity of the samples on AChE and BChE enzymes was determined by the Ellman method. Results: Chemical content analysis of the extract was performed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and only gallic acid was detected among the standard compounds. When C. orientalis ethanol extracts were examined with DPPH and ABTS tests, they showed low-moderate antioxidant activity (IC50 (µg/ml) DPPH=4.8, IC50 (µg/ml) ABTS=4.4) compared to standard substances. C. orientalis ethanol extract was studied at a concentration of 20 µg/ml. The extract inhibited the AChE enzyme at 66.5% and the BChE enzyme at 53.2%. It was observed that the extract inhibited both enzymes at moderate to good levels, although not higher than galantamine used as positive control. Conclusion: This study shows us that C. orientalis flowers have therapeutic potential for the effective management of neurological disorders due to their antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity. It is thought that our data will contribute to the literature as a preliminary study for the development of a new phytotherapeutic agent in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

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Niedzielski, Tomasz, Mirosława Jurecka, Bartłomiej Miziński, Wojciech Pawul, and Tomasz Motyl. "First Successful Rescue of a Lost Person Using the Human Detection System: A Case Study from Beskid Niski (SE Poland)." Remote Sensing 13, no. 23 (December 3, 2021): 4903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13234903.

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Recent advances in search and rescue methods include the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), to carry out aerial monitoring of terrains to spot lost individuals. To date, such searches have been conducted by human observers who view UAV-acquired videos or images. Alternatively, lost persons may be detected by automated algorithms. Although some algorithms are implemented in software to support search and rescue activities, no successful rescue case using automated human detectors has been reported on thus far in the scientific literature. This paper presents a report from a search and rescue mission carried out by Bieszczady Mountain Rescue Service near the village of Cergowa in SE Poland, where a 65-year-old man was rescued after being detected via use of SARUAV software. This software uses convolutional neural networks to automatically locate people in close-range nadir aerial images. The missing man, who suffered from Alzheimer’s disease (as well as a stroke the previous day) spent more than 24 h in open terrain. SARUAV software was allocated to support the search, and its task was to process 782 nadir and near-nadir JPG images collected during four photogrammetric flights. After 4 h 31 min of the analysis, the system successfully detected the missing person and provided his coordinates (uploading 121 photos from a flight over a lost person; image processing and verification of hits lasted 5 min 48 s). The presented case study proves that the use of an UAV assisted by SARUAV software may quicken the search mission.

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Mazzola, Paolo, Gaia Ferraguzzi, Mariella Zanetti, and Giuseppe Bellelli. "AN INNOVATIVE MODEL OF CARE FOR SUBJECTS WITH DEMENTIA IN ITALY—IL PAESE RITROVATO—THROUGH THE SARS-COV-2 PANDEMIC." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 410–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1613.

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Abstract “Il Paese Ritrovato” is an innovative long-term facility dedicated to subjects with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease or other dementias, located in Monza (Lombardia, Italy).By living in a village that resembles a community neighborhood, it aims at people’s wellbeing and represents a shift in the paradigm of traditional nursing home care, allowing the guests to visit the hair stylist, the supermarket, and various activities according to their personal habits, always supported by trained professionals.We performed a retrospective cohort study on 60 subjects, comparing their characteristics before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, from June 2018 to December 2020. We collected demographic information, cognition, comorbidity, functional status, engagement in the activities through Popularity Index (PI) and Engagement Social Index (ISE), and use of psychoactive medications.The follow-up is performed every 6 months from admission: T0, T6, T12, and T18 are the time-points. The assessment performed during the pandemic is called Tcovid.Compared to a relative stability in cognition before the pandemic, the assessment at Tcovid showed an accelerated worsening of MMSE and CDR scales. We observed an increase in the prescription of antipsychotics (+5%), antidepressants (+11.7%), and benzodiazepines (+1.7%). As expected, engagement in activities dropped (lower PI and ISE). Functional status gradually worsened during the follow-up, according to the natural progression of dementias, but Tcovid slightly accelerated this process and overall worsened the balance performances.Although we are currently unable to quantify the negative effect of this reorganization, future studies need to address the real impact of pandemic on the guests’ performances.

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Carey, Cyriah, Erica Sappington, Mitchell Roberts, Paul Dagum, Jeffrey Iliff, Swati Rane Levendovszky, Michael Jaffee, and Carla VandeWeerd. "MALE AND FEMALE PERSPECTIVES: EXPLORING THE USE OF PASSIVE BRAIN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY TO MEASURE GLYMPHATIC FUNCTION." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.3461.

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Abstract Older adults’ (OA) research participation is essential to gain insights into the causes, progression, and potential treatments of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Brain health technology, such as the Glymphatic Function (GF) Monitor, has the potential to measure the progression of AD. The GF Monitor is a multimodal in-ear dynamic impedance spectroscopy and electroencephalogram (EEG) system worn during sleep and records physiological signals: photoplethysmogram (PPG), bioimpedance (BioZ), and acceleration. This study aims to understand OA perceptions and perceived benefits of passive brain health technology such as the GF Monitor. Six focus groups (3 female, 3 male) were conducted with OA (N=48) between June-August 2022 in The Villages, Florida. Domains assessed included concerns for developing AD, health technology perceptions, and preferences for data/outcomes visualization. Focus groups were transcribed verbatim, and content analysis identified salient themes. Across genders, motivation to participate in brain health technology research was influenced by concerns of family history of AD. Females expressed that using the GF monitor “is a small sacrifice to pay” for data-driven interventions and “preventative measures.” Males value “receiving easily digestible results” that allow them to monitor their cognitive health. Overall participants desire passive brain health monitoring to “stay active” and “remain independent” while aging in place. Passive technology has the potential to engage OA in research. Participants value prevention, maintaining independence, and receiving comprehensive results. The GF monitor has the potential to harness these wishes to monitor and receive translational brain health findings.

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Gray, William Keith, Stella-Maria Paddick, Adesola Ogunniyi, Olaide Olakehinde, Catherine Dotchin, John Kissima, Sarah Urasa, et al. "Population normative data for three cognitive screening tools for older adults in sub-Saharan Africa." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 15, no. 3 (September 2021): 339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642021dn15-030005.

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ABSTRACT In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA),cognitive screening is complicated by both cultural and educational factors, and the existing normative values may not be applicable. The Identification of Dementia in Elderly Africans (IDEA) cognitive screen is a low-literacy measure with good diagnostic accuracy for dementia. Objective: The aim of this study is to report normative values for IDEA and other simple measures [i.e., categorical verbal fluency, the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) 10-word list] in representative community-dwelling older adults in SSA. Methods: Individuals aged ≥60 years resident in 12 representative villages in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania and individuals aged ≥65 years resident within three communities in Akinyele Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria underwent cognitive screening. The normative data were generated by the categories of age, sex, and education. Results: A total of 3,011 people in Tanzania (i.e., 57.3% females and 26.4% uneducated) and 1,117 in Nigeria (i.e., 60.3% females and 64.5% uneducated) were screened. Individuals with higher age, lower education, and female gender obtained lower scores. The 50th decile values for IDEA were 13 (60–64 years) vs. 8/9 (above 85 years), 10–11 uneducated vs. 13 primary educated, and 11/12 in females vs. 13 in males. The normative values for 10-word list delayed recall and categorical verbal fluency varied with education [i.e., delayed recall mean 2.8 [standard deviation (SD) 1.7] uneducated vs. 4.2 (SD 1.2) secondary educated; verbal fluency mean 9.2 (SD 4.8) uneducated vs. 12.2 (SD 4.3) secondary educated], substantially lower than published high-income country values. Conclusions: The cut-off values for commonly used cognitive screening items should be adjusted to suit local normative values, particularly where there are lower levels of education.

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Reichman, William E., L. Bradford Perkins, and Hilde Verbeek. "106 - Environmental Influences on the Cognitive and Psychological Well Being of Older Adults with Dementia." International Psychogeriatrics 32, S1 (October 2020): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610220001842.

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This symposium will review the latest data on the influence of environmental design and its attributes on the cognitive and psychological wellbeing of older adults living with dementia. The presenters will cover the myriad ways in which the physical environment of care can adapt to the changing demands of older adults with sensory, motor and cognitive deficits and foster optimal functioning and quality of life. The role of emerging technologies will also be reviewed as they complement the contribution of the design of the physical environment to the wellbeing of older adults with cognitive impairment. Information will be offered through a review of the existing research literature as well as case studies that illustrate the impact of environmental modification on fostering wellbeing and minimizing the emergence of the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. The presenters will represent and integrate sensibilities that have emerged from the fields of architecture, cognitive neuroscience and psychology.How the Principles of the Culture Change Movement Inform Environmental Design and the Application of Technology in the Care of Older Adults Living with DementiaWilliam E. ReichmanThe culture change movement informs a number of principles that have been applied to more contemporary design concepts for the congregate care of older adults living with dementia. This talk will review the core tenets of the Culture Change Movement as exemplified by the Greenhouse, Dementia Village and other innovative models of congregate long-term care. Specific reference will be made to how these tenets have been operationalized around the world into the design of programming and the creation of residential care environments that foster a better quality of life for older adults and an enhanced work environment for care providers. This talk will also include the emerging role of technologies that complement innovative design of the environment and which foster optimized social and recreational functioning of older adults living with dementia.A Better Life Through a Better Nursing Home DesignL. Bradford PerkinsOver the last 20 years there has been extensive experimentation related to the role of the environment in the housing, care and treatment of persons with Alzheimer’s and other age related dementias. Prior to that time the typical housing and care environment was a locked unit in a skilled nursing or other restrictive senior living facility. In 1991 the Presbyterian Association on Aging in Western Pennsylvania opened Woodside Place on its Oakmont campus. This small 36 bed facility was designed to incorporate the latest research and care experience with persons suffering from these issues. This one small project, as well as the long post occupancy research led by Carnegie Mellon University, clearly demonstrated that individuals with Alzheimer’s and related forms of dementia could lead a healthier, happier, higher quality of life in a more residential, less restrictive environment. Not everything in this pioneering project worked, and five generations of living and care models have followed that have refined the ideas first demonstrated by Woodside Place. Bradford Perkins, whose firm designed Woodside Place and over 100 other related projects, will discuss what was learned from Woodside Place as well as the five generations of projects (and post occupancy research) that followed.Innovative dementia care environments as alternatives for traditional nursing homes: evidence and experiences from the NetherlandsHilde VerbeekKey goals of the dementia care environment focus on increasing autonomy, supporting independence and trying to enable one’s own lifestyle for as long as possible. To meet these goals, innovative, small-scale and homelike care environments have been developed that have radically changed the physical, social and organizational aspects of long-term care in the Netherlands. This presentation discusses various Dutch models that have implemented small-scale and homelike care environments, including green care farms, dementia village and citizen initiatives. The models reflect a common care concept, focusing on residents’ remaining strengths, providing opportunity for choice and aiming to sustain a sense of self and control. A small number of residents (usually 6 to 8) live together in a homelike environment and nursing staff are part of the household. Residents are encouraged to participate in daily household activities, emphasizing normalization of daily life with person-centred care. The physical environment resembles an archetypal home. This talk presents the scientific evidence on the impact and effects of these small-scale, homelike models on residents, their family caregivers and staff. Furthermore, the presentation will highlight working approaches and how these initiatives have positively influenced routine care across the long-term care spectrum.

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LO, Ping Cheung. "儒家的生死價值觀與安樂死". International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 1, № 1 (1 січня 1998): 35–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.11324.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.在本文筆者要逐一檢討在西方四個常見的贊成安樂死的論據（仁是在、生命贊素、尊嚴、自決），並且指出這四個論據分別與中國儒家的價值觀（仁、所欲有甚於生、士可殺不可辱、泰山與鴻毛）有不同程度的共鳴及相通之處。由於這些共鳴及相通之處只是在某程度上，而非徹底相通，所以透過中國古代的價值觀的相對照，也可以更清楚看出這四個西方論據之性質及其可能限制。筆者的結論是，從儒家的價值觀來看，除了在某極端的情況中，一般來說這四個支持安樂死的論據都是說服力不足。This paper attempts to analyze four major arguments in favor of the moral acceptability of voluntary euthanasia (including physician-assisted-suicide) as found in the West, and tries to assess these arguments through Chinese Confucian ethics and its perspectives on life and death. Through such a cross-cultural dialogue the author concludes that there is some similarity as well as difference in Chinese and western values. The western moral values appealed to in advocating voluntary euthanasia, to a certain extent, can strike an echoing chord in Confucian ethics. In other words, though the debate on euthanasia is a contemporary phenomenon, the arguments and their underlying values in favor of its moral acceptability are not entirely foreign to premodern Confucian ethics. This resonance notwithstanding, the Confucian echoes are also limited. Behind some general agreements are some significant disagreements as well. Hence this cross-cultural dialogue can reveal in a clearer manner the salient traits and possible flaws of the western moral arguments in favor of euthanasia, and can contribute to a multicultural reflection on some contemporary moral controversies.This paper begins by clarifying the etymological meaning of "anle si," the phrase for "euthanasia" in Chinese as well as in Japanese. The root of the phrase can be traced to either Mencius or Pure Land Buddhism. The latter possibility seems more probable, and "anle si" then means a death or dying free of suffering. In this paper, I shall restrict the term "anle si" or "euthanasia", to voluntary, active euthanasia and physician-assisted-suicide.The first common western argument in favor of euthanasia is the argument of mercy. For some patients the dying process is accompanied by such excruciating pain that euthanasia is a good way of release from suffering. Since the patient is on the way to die anyway, such suffering is pointless and is not worth-enduring. Euthanasia for such dying patients is to spare them from such pointless suffering and is therefore a manifestation of mercy. This argument can find an echo in Confucian ethics. The fundamental value in Confucianism is "ren," and one of its meanings is benevolence. According to Mencius, the root of "ren" or benevolence lies in compassion, i.e., feeling intense pain in seeing others suffer. Traditional Chinese medicine also adopts this cardinal Confucian virtue as its fundamental guiding norm, hence the dictum that medicine is "renxin renshu" (benevolence and benevolent art). Thus if the premise "Euthanasia is the only way or best way to eliminate pain in the dying process" is empirically true, one can infer that euthanasia can be justified by Confucian ethics of ren. However, in light of the recent progress in palliative medicine and hospice care, the aforementioned premise can be empirically true only in very limited circumstances, which are analogous to a torture scene in the recent Chinese novel, then turned into movie, The Red Sorghum. (The author also observes that the hospice philosophy is more in consonance with the Taoist philosophy of Zhuangzi.)The second common western argument in favor of euthanasia is the argument of the quality of life. It has been argued that some sufferers of disease and accidents do not want to live anymore not because of intractable pain, but because of the irreversible and unacceptable low level of the quality of life (e.g., in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, MS, quadriplegic, etc.). Since the condition is incurable, and the persons involved would rather die than to endure this "living hell," euthanasia is liberation from this bondage. Confucianism does not subscribe to the doctrine of the sanctity of biological life either, and places heavy emphasis on the quality of life, to be defined with reference to ren and yi (i.e., in the wide sense of supreme virtue), rather than on the quantity of life (i.e., longevity). To live out one's life to its natural limit is not in itself desirable. In order to secure a high quality of life, in some circumstances, one has to be prepared to die, even by taking matters into one’s hand, lest what is going to transpire in the natural life span will decrease the quality of life. However, the limit of the Confucian echo is that Confucianism cares largely the moral quality of life, and cares very little about the biological quality of life. As long as the low quality of biological life is not to affect adversely one’s moral quality of life, there is no good reason to terminate one’s biological life.The third common western argument in favor of euthanasia is the argument of death with dignity. According to this argument, our biological condition can be so bad (e.g., loss of control, being brought back to the infant condition, in a state of zombie) that it is a humiliation to our sense of dignity. Such an assault on our dignity can be more intolerable than physical pain. Euthanasia can therefore deliver us from such an undignified state of existence. In Confucianism, especially since the Han Dynasty, to commit suicide in order to avoid humiliation, disgrace, and dishonor is not only desirable, but also obligatory. Such an idea of "a man of integrity prefers death to humiliation" is even accepted by a number of Chinese intellectuals during the so-called "Cultural Revolution." However, historically the Confucian endorsement of death with dignity is largely limited to the cases in which the assault on human dignity came from an external source (from enemies, emperor, government), and such an assault is not a universal predicament. Furthermore, in those circumstances in which to commit suicide is the only way to avoid humiliation it happens because one’s destiny is controlled by hostile forces; there is no friendly force at hand to make one feel better. In the contemporary case of euthanasia, in contrast, the assault on human dignity comes from an internal source (disease, old age, bodily and mental decay all stem from our mortal and corruptible body) and is therefore a universal human phenomenon. Unless we conceive disease and sickness as an enemy, Confucian ethics would not view our deteriorating biological condition as an assault on human dignity. If we accept that our mortal embodied life is a part of our human condition, we can hardly say that bodily and mental decay is undignified. Besides, especially when palliative and hospice care are available, a patient is not captured and isolated in a maleficent environment, but is surrounded by health care professionals who are there to help us. After all, one purpose of hospice care is to help patients to maintain their dignity while they are travelling in this last stage of the journey of life. Hence the Confucian endorsement of euthanasia as death with dignity is quite limited.The fourth common western argument in favor of euthanasia is the argument of self-determination. According to the cherished western value of autonomy, an individual should be given the liberty to decide on things that matter much to him or her. Like the decisions relating to marriage, procreation, contraception, education, etc., the decision on how and when to die is one of the most intimate and personal choices a person may make in a lifetime. Hence we have the right to die; some even claim that this is a human right, both a negative right (whose correlative duty is nonintervention in suicide attempts) and a positive right (whose correlative duty is suicide assistance). After all, whose life is it anyway? In Confucian values, individual autonomy has never been a cherishedvalue; nor has there been any human rights thinking. That one can decide on the time and circumstances of one’s death is only implied. According to Confucian values one should choose a good death (good in the moral sense) even by actively bringing it about. Since "ought" implies "can," that in some circumstances a person ought to commit suicide implies that the person is morally permissible to commit suicide. However, the Confucian echo of pro-euthanasia argument is the weakest here. The western argument is concerned with the permissibility of suicide and euthanasia, whereas Confucian ethics is concerned with the impermissibility of not committing suicide. In other words, the western argument is concerned with the permissibility of all suicide, regardless of its worth. Confucian ethics, on the other hand, is concerned with only the permissibility of some suicide, those that are deemed morally worthy. The western argument is concerned with the right of euthanasia, but Confucian ethics is only concerned with the rightness, the right conduct, or the right exercise of the right, of euthanasia. Furthermore, the ideas of self-ownership and individual sovereignty are entirely foreign to Confucian values.To conclude, the Confucian echo of these four western arguments varies. The resonance is most prominent in the first argument and weakest in the last argument. This cross-cultural comparison should be instructive to Chinese as well as to the people in the West because it shows which values are universal and which are not. For example, the western society has the tendency to view the value of autonomy as self-evident ("We hold these truths to be self-evident......"), but this value is obviously not self-evident to the Confucian mind. Who is right, and who is wrong? That the Confucian endorsement of euthanasia is only limited should give something to every member of the global village to ponder about.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 220 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

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"Alzheimer : un village de répit touristico-médical." Ortho Magazine 21, no. 120 (September 2015): 11. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1262-4586(22)01014-7.

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Pech, Marion, Céline Meillon, Manon Marquet, Jean‐François Dartigues, and Hélène Amieva. "The “Alzheimer Village”: Assessment of Alzheimer's disease representations in the general population: A cross sectional phone survey." Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions 8, no. 1 (January 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/trc2.12328.

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Marie-Bailleul, G. "Le Village Landais Alzheimer, une structure innovante pour faire société malgré la maladie cognitive et les troubles psycho-comportementaux." NPG Neurologie - Psychiatrie - Gériatrie, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.npg.2022.01.004.

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Mazzola, Paolo, Mariella Zanetti, Gaia Ferraguzzi, Maria Letizia Villa, Maria Cristina Sandrini, Marco Fumagalli, Maurizio Volpi, et al. "Shifting the Paradigm of Nursing Home Care for People with Dementia: The Italian Experience of Il Paese Ritrovato and the Impact of SARS-CoV-2." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, December 18, 2023, 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-230229.

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Background: Il Paese Ritrovato is an Italian nursing home founded in 2018, it is based on the Alzheimer village model and admits people with mild-to-moderate dementia. Objective: Describe the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on people living at Il Paese Ritrovato through a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) regularly administered prior to and during the pandemic. Methods: We explored the effects of a person-centered approach. We assessed 64 subjects (enrolled and followed between June 2018 and December 2020), who underwent at least 18 months of observation prior to the pandemic. Each subject was evaluated using a CGA on admission time (T0) and at defined time-points: T6, T12, T18. One last CGA evaluation was performed during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (TCovid-19). Temporal trends during T0–T18, and differences between T18 and TCovid-19 were calculated. Results: The mean age was 82 years with a prevalence for females (77.0%) and Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis (60%). Psychiatric and behavioral disorders were the most common conditions (80%). We utilized a nonpharmacological approach aimed at promoting the residents’ overall wellbeing and observed satisfactory performance during the first 18 months. In comparison with the pre-pandemic period, TCovid-19 enlightened +11.7% use of antidepressants and a decline of Mini-Mental State Examination mean values (not statistically significant), while engagement in activities dropped. Conclusions: The pandemic may have disrupted the existing model of care, but at the same time, it confirmed that the Il Paese Ritrovato approach, which encompasses symptoms improvement and multicomponent support, is in fact beneficial.

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Chatterjee, Pratishtha, Steve Pedrini, James D. Doecke, Vincent Dore, Kathryn G. Goozee, Kevin Taddei, Hamid R. Sohrabi, et al. "The diagnostic and prognostic potential of plasma GFAP in older adults with subjective memory complaints at risk of Alzheimer’s disease." Alzheimer's & Dementia 19, S14 (December 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alz.072740.

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AbstractBackgroundThe astrocyte cytoskeletal protein, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), is a potential blood‐based biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of older adults in the Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) continuum, comprising cognitively unimpaired (CU) and cognitively impaired individuals with high brain amyloid‐beta load (Aβ+). However, specific attention to the potential of plasma GFAP in CU Aβ+ older adults with Subjective Memory Complaints (SMCs) is required, given that SMCs are a primary feature of Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) and individuals with SMCs are twice as likely to develop dementia compared to non‐memory complainers.MethodPlasma GFAP was measured in older adults with SMCs from two independent cohorts, namely the Kerr Anglican Retirement Village Initiative in Ageing Health (KARVIAH; N = 76; 52 Aβ‐, 24 Aβ+) and the Australian Imaging, Biomarker & Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL; N = 75; 50 Aβ‐, 25 Aβ+), using the Neurology‐4PlexA and Neurology‐4PlexE kits, respectively, on the Single Molecule Array (Simoa) platform (Quanterix). The Memory Assessment Clinic‐Q was used to assess participants with SMCs.ResultPlasma GFAP was significantly elevated in Aβ+ SMCs compared with Aβ‐ SMCs in both cohorts before and after adjusting for age, sex and APOE ε4 carrier‐status (mean±SD in pg/mL; KARVIAH: Aβ‐ = 148±47, Aβ+ = 230±93, p<.0001; AIBL: Aβ‐ = 135±58, Aβ+ = 209±76, p<.0001). Plasma GFAP differentiated Aβ+ SMCs from Aβ‐ SMCs with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 80% (CI:68%‐92%) in KARVIAH and 77% (CI:66%‐89%) in AIBL. Based on the AUC, plasma GFAP performed equivalent to other putative plasma AD diagnostic markers such as plasma phosphorylated‐tau181 (p‐tau181) and plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio but performed significantly better than plasma Neurofilament Light (NfL) in both cohorts (p<.05). A model comprising plasma GFAP, p‐tau181, Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio and the AD risk factors, age, sex and APOE ε4 carrier‐status significantly outperformed any of the biomarkers alone in differentiating brain Aβ‐/+ status in both cohorts (p<.05). Higher plasma GFAP in individuals with SMCs was associated with faster cognitive decline assessed by the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (PACC) score and with faster brain Aβ accumulation assessed by PET in AIBL.ConclusionThese observations suggest that plasma GFAP has diagnostic and prognostic value for older adults at risk for AD.

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Therrien, Martine, Trevor Atkeson, Daniel Meyer, Sulagna Ghosh, Patrick Turley, and Beth Stevens. "New polygenic risk score for Alzheimer’s disease impacts states and functions in iPSC‐derived microglia." Alzheimer's & Dementia 19, S12 (December 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alz.072650.

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AbstractBackgroundRecent genetics studies for Alzheimer’s disease have identified multiple risk variants affecting amyloid processing, immune response, lipid transport, and endocytosis, among others 1. More than half the risk genes associated with late‐onset AD are selectively expressed in microglia and peripheral myeloid cells. Yet, we know little about the underlying biology or how myeloid cells contribute to AD pathogenesis.MethodTo gain insights into the broad impact of genetics on microglia, we selected 50 cell lines from the CIRM biobank with variable APOE genotypes and polygenic risk scores (PRS). Building on our in vitro platform that recapitulates microglia states in vitro 2, we used villages 3, or pooled culture, to differentiate these lines into microglia and assessed key microglia functions, transcriptional profiles, and response to various perturbations.ResultCell villages allow us to compare phenotypes across lines with little technical variability robustly. Our data determined functional phenotypes that were altered by PRS and others that were affected by APOE genotypes. Moreover, quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis identified new variants affecting phagocytosis, proliferation, and response to lipids. Finally, single‐cell RNA sequencing of our village pinpointed key microglia pathways altered between high and low PRS individuals.ConclusionCell village allows for the characterization of up to hundreds of cell lines while minimizing technical variability allowing us to identify phenotypes dysregulated across various genetic backgrounds. Our data pinpointed the impact of a novel Alzheimer’s disease PRS on microglia states and functions and identified new variants affecting microglia functions.1. Sims, R., Hill, M. & Williams, J. Nat Neurosci 23, 311‐322 (2020). 2. Dolan, M.‐J. et al. Biorxiv 2022.05.02.490100 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.05.02.490100. 3. Wells, M. F. et al. Biorxiv 2021.11.08.467815 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.08.467815.

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Tuatoo, Grace. "Using a Community Based Participatory Research Approach to recruit American Samoans for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementia Research." Alzheimer's & Dementia 20, S7 (December 2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.089855.

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AbstractBackgroundThe Puipui Malu Manatu (PMM) study (RF1AG075904) is determining Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) prevalence by administering cognitive assessment tools and determining prevalence of known genetic and plasma biomarkers. The sampling method uses a cluster and selection process to obtain a randomized sample of 1089 adults that is generalizable to the population. Research hesitancy exists due to historical abuse of non‐Indigenous researchers conducting studies that are not reflective of the community health needs. Community based participatory research (CBPR) approaches utilize diverse stakeholders in various levels of a study to ensure trust, respect, and reciprocity between the researchers and a community. Our previous studies have shown using CBPR approach with a cultural lens that shows fa’aaloalo (respect) have been effective in recruiting participants.MethodsWe incorporated CBPR approaches that follow the Fa’aSamoa (Samoan way/culture) to promote awareness of the PMM objectives and recruit eligible participants. The adherence of cultural protocol was accomplished by presenting at the Office of Samoan Affairs (OSA). The OSA is comprised of the Pulenu’u (village mayor), led by an Ali’i (Paramount Chief), and is the cultural governance body for villages. Essentially making them gatekeepers to eligible participants. The Secretary of Samoan Affairs provided a letter of support, granting the access to the villages via Pulenu’u. We implemented the “PMM on Wheels” in the remote village of Aoa in collaboration with the Pulenu’u.ResultsThe support from the OSA and Pulenu’u allowed for the first “PMM on Wheels” to be conducted. The staff recruited 10 eligible participants who would not be able to access the two study site locations. Furthermore, we were able to maintain randomization in our sampling strategy. Participants completed cognitive assessments and provided a blood sample. Future events are scheduled in the beginning of 2024.ConclusionNegative reactions towards research studies in Indigenous populations have been supported by historical abuses by non‐Indigenous researchers. Utilizing CBPR with a cultural lens in the American Samoa population has shown rebuild trust and fa’aaloalo to better the health outcomes of the community.

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Høilund-Carlsen, Poul F., Abass Alavi, Jorge R. Barrio, Rudolph J. Castellani, Tommaso Costa, Karl Herrup, Kasper P. Kepp, et al. "Revision of Alzheimer’s diagnostic criteria or relocation of the Potemkin village." Ageing Research Reviews, December 2023, 102173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2023.102173.

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Pal, S., T. Roy, and B. Guha. "Community NGO intervention for Alzheimer’s patients rehabilitation." Alzheimer's & Dementia 19, S23 (December 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alz.072822.

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AbstractBackground Alzheimer’s patients Rehabilitation services aren’t well‐developed concept in resource‐Poor nations due to poor economics & lack of expertise. With limited resources we wanted to explore these rehabilitation services in rural villages. Rural/tribal areas of India lung Alzheimer’s patients [Ca] patients lack rehabilitation support available only in city hospitals. Our 12‐year CBO is training youth volunteers & traditional faith halers in marginalized communities to provide rehabilitation.MethodAround 1340 cases of Alzheimer’s will be in rural/tribal of India by 2025, but hospitals lack dedicated Rehabilitation program. patients returning to villages after onco‐therapy in cities urgently need Rehabilitation support to suit their economic, social, cultural background. Since August 2018 Our NGO clinic started free advise on Rehabilitation. [n = 91]. With 6 trained nurses, two physicians, we screened patients. Average age 62 years, M:F ratio 75:25. Our support services devised as‐per need of Patients in consultation with family & stretched over 21 months included conselling, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, rehabilitation. Responses assessed with Quality of life scale by Flanagan Quality of Life Scale (QOLS) & psychological evaluation by Likert psychometric scale. This presentation demonstrates project in developmental stages & basic operational facts. Initially started as practically oriented guidance center & later developed in well‐organized set‐up offering free rehabilitation services in villages. It comprises NGO staff and traditional faith healers.ResultOur program highlights variability of psychological & Socio‐medical aspects in rehabilitation. Patents needed medical interventions in 18%, psychological approaches in 84% while remaining 16% needed combination of both.ConclusionThis is pilot project running on community donation. We plan to document, evaluate this in large sample size, but resource restriction didn’t permit. To overcome this, we plan networking of European NGO’s, advocacy experts at AAIC‐2023 Venue for better study design, technical support & collaborative efforts. I do not claim “I transformed whole community of patients but we had certainly taken initiative by this cost‐effective approach”.

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Kresnasandi, Ida Bagus, and Brian B. Johnson. "Establishing a Remote Patient Monitoring Infrastructure with Starlink in Indonesia for the Aging Population to Improve Alzheimer’s and Dementia Care." Alzheimer's & Dementia 20, S10 (December 2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.094355.

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AbstractBackgroundModernizing the remote patient monitoring (RPM) infrastructure in Indonesia has historically been limited by the unmet need of access to internet connectivity. New advancements made possible by Starlink and the internet of things (IoT) for RPM present new opportunities to connect people separated by geography and diverse cultural variations which includes over 700 languages and dialects. Alzheimer’s disease has increased by 87% from 2019 to 2022 and similar challenges in the United States apply to Indonesia; the cost of care, nurse shortage, and large aging population. Clinicians, scientists, and engineers now have the potential to solve the unmet need of insufficient aging care by leapfrogging previous technologies with the latest in artificial intelligence (AI) and digital health (DH).MethodEstablishing internet connection across the 16,771 islands is the first step to creating a communication network that provides the aging population in Indonesia access to the benefits of modern healthcare. With consistent and reliable access to internet access through Starlink satellite broadband internet a constellation of devices can be utilized in urban and remote areas such as the 12,000 villages that have no 4G internet access. For example WhatsApp is currently being tested to connect patients to clinicians because this application does not need a cellular plan. A pilot study conducted by Udayana University, Bali, could test the feasibility of delivering a RPM system to rural areas such as Batur village and the island of Nusa Penida.ResultSolving the problem of lack of access to internet connectivity in Indonesia creates tremendous opportunity to deliver state of the art AI and DH tools to clinicians for Alzheimer’s, dementia care and healthcare overall, reducing health disparities on a national level.ConclusionExporting the latest innovations from the top biomedical research institutions in the US to Indonesia could benefit the aging population by increasing their quality of life. Starlink is a key component of establishing access to communication infrastructure by allowing Indonesia’s public health insurance system, BPJS, to reach people in remote places.

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Kresnasandi, Ida Bagus, and Brian B. Johnson. "Establishing a Remote Patient Monitoring Infrastructure with Starlink in Indonesia for the Aging Population to Improve Alzheimer’s and Dementia Care." Alzheimer's & Dementia 20, S7 (December 2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.093132.

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AbstractBackgroundModernizing the remote patient monitoring (RPM) infrastructure in Indonesia has historically been limited by the unmet need of access to internet connectivity. New advancements made possible by Starlink and the internet of things (IoT) for RPM present new opportunities to connect people separated by geography and diverse cultural variations which includes over 700 languages and dialects. Alzheimer’s disease has increased by 87% from 2019 to 2022 and similar challenges in the United States apply to Indonesia; the cost of care, nurse shortage, and large aging population. Clinicians, scientists, and engineers now have the potential to solve the unmet need of insufficient aging care by leapfrogging previous technologies with the latest in artificial intelligence (AI) and digital health (DH).MethodEstablishing internet connection across the 16,771 islands is the first step to creating a communication network that provides the aging population in Indonesia access to the benefits of modern healthcare. With consistent and reliable access to internet access through Starlink satellite broadband internet a constellation of devices can be utilized in urban and remote areas such as the 12,000 villages that have no 4G internet access. For example WhatsApp is currently being tested to connect patients to clinicians because this application does not need a cellular plan. A pilot study conducted by Udayana University, Bali, could test the feasibility of delivering a RPM system to rural areas such as Batur village and the island of Nusa Penida.ResultSolving the problem of lack of access to internet connectivity in Indonesia creates tremendous opportunity to deliver state of the art AI and DH tools to clinicians for Alzheimer’s, dementia care and healthcare overall, reducing health disparities on a national level.ConclusionExporting the latest innovations from the top biomedical research institutions in the US to Indonesia could benefit the aging population by increasing their quality of life. Starlink is a key component of establishing access to communication infrastructure by allowing Indonesia’s public health insurance system, BPJS, to reach people in remote places.

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Therrien, Martine, Nicolas Weider, Giulia Monti, Daniel Meyer, Trevor Atkeson, Steven McCarroll, Anna Greka, and Beth Stevens. "Identification of regulators of microglia lipotoxicity." Alzheimer's & Dementia 20, S1 (December 2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.089632.

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AbstractBackgroundEmerging studies have identified changes in lipid processing in Alzheimer’s disease patients. However, how the various brain cell types respond to these changes is unclear. Multiple Alzheimer’s disease risk genes are expressed in microglia and involved in lipid sensing and processing.MethodIn this project, we assessed unbiasedly how various fatty acids impact microglia states and functions. Using the iPSC‐derived microglia platform, our lab has recently developed (Dolan*, Therrien* et al. Nature Immunology 2023), we characterized the impact of 48 different fatty acids on human microglia.ResultWe identified 5 distinct transcriptional signatures produced in response to various lipids, including a toxic lipotoxicity signature independent of TREM2 signaling. Using microglia villages, we assessed the toxicity across 25 iPSC donors and identified genetic modifiers of microglia lipotoxicity.ConclusionTogether, our data identifies genetic regulators of microglia states and presents new insight into understanding how to protect synapses in Alzheimer’s that could lead to new therapies and biomarkers for early diagnoses.

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Utomo, Bedjo, Liliek Soetjiatie, Heru Sulistijono, and Nurul Hindaryani. "Gymnastics Assistance for the Independent Elderly: Service in Efforts to Prevent Dementia in Bulak Village, Surabaya." Frontiers in Community Service and Empowerment 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.35882/ficse.v3i2.58.

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Degenerative diseases are infections that almost occur in old age, with decreased physiological function will have an impact on several chronic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, osteoarthritis, Alzheimer's, heart disease, kidney failure, therefore, to prevent the occurrence of these diseases it is necessary to strive for promotive, preventive, and rehabilitative measures. One of the efforts made is to carry out community service in the form of assisting the elderly so that they can live independently and have a good quality of life. Community service for Departemen of health Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya which was carried out at RW 2 Bulak Village in the form of counseling, health checks, nutrition fulfillment education and elderly gymnastics. The results of counseling education about degenerative diseases and their prevention have shown a 90% good level of understanding, and the elderly have high enthusiasm to participate in gymnastics movements and do health tests. Furthermore, the continuation of this activity is expected to be followed up by improving effective communication between puskesmas officers, elderly cadres so that the elderly program can run optimally

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Bart, William. "Chess Training for the Elderly: Insights and Prospects as a Dementia Preventive Treatment." Medical Research Archives 11, no. 7.2 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.4138.

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This article reviews research on chess training as a treatment to promote cognitive fitness and to delay the onset of dementia among the elderly. Alternative treatments are needed to address the widespread problem of dementia among the elderly, primarily because all drug treatments developed thus far to cure or delay dementia have been deemed either unsuccessful or unsafe. Chess training augmented by artificial intelligence is presented as an alternative treatment to address the dementia crisis. Computer-based technology and open-source chess software such as Stockfish 14 with the artificial intelligence component NNUE have the capacity to enhance chess training programs for the elderly. Although research on chess training for the elderly is sparse when compared to research on drug treatments for dementia, one pilot study, as an example, provided evidence that chess training is a viable intervention to improve cognitive fitness among the elderly. The elderly participants in the study enjoyed the chess lessons and looked forward to the challenge and the camaraderie in the group games against artificial opponents available on websites such as chess.com. Chess instruction is a safe, practical, and efficient intervention that should be implemented in community senior centers and retirement villages. Also, chess instruction in community senior centers and retirement villages provides a potentially highly generative and interesting setting for the scientific study of chess and its utility in addressing the enormous public health problem of Alzheimer’s Disease and other forms of dementia. Chess training should be seriously considered as an intervention to be used in research in the quest to promote brain health among the elderly and to protect the elderly from the ravages of Alzheimer’s Disease and other forms of dementia.

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Lwere, Kamada. "APOE Genotypes and Alzheimer’s Disease Risk in Older Ugandans." Alzheimer's & Dementia 20, S1 (December 2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.092112.

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AbstractBackgroundApolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has three common alleles: ԑ2, ԑ3, and ԑ4, which influence Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk. APOE ԑ4 allele increases AD risk, while APOE ԑ2 allele may protect against AD. This study aimed to examine the distribution and prevalence of APOE genotypes and their association with AD in older Ugandans.MethodForty‐three participants aged ≥ 65 years were recruited from two villages in Wakiso district, Uganda. Suspected AD cases were identified using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tool. APOE genotypes were determined from blood samples using molecular biology techniques.Preliminary resultsThe participants (n = 43) had a mean age of 79.0 ± 11.4 years, with a range from 62 to 120 years, and 86% were female. The distribution and prevalence of APOE genotypes varied across the sample, with ԑ3ԑ3 being the most common (53.5%), followed by ԑ2ԑ3 (23.3%), ԑ2ԑ2 (4.7%), and ԑ3ԑ4 (2.3%). The frequency of ԑ3ԑ3 genotype was consistent across different age groups, reflecting its dominance in the studied population. Females displayed a broader variety of APOE genotypes than males, including ԑ2ԑ3, ԑ2ԑ2, and ԑ3ԑ4. APOE ԑ4 allele was more prevalent among participants with higher MoCA scores, suggesting lower AD risk.ConclusionThis study reveals the APOE genotyping patterns and their relation to AD risk in older Ugandans. The low frequency of APOE ԑ4 allele and its inverse association with AD risk are intriguing and warrant further investigation. Future studies should include larger and more representative samples, as well as other biomarkers and clinical measures of AD.

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Pal, S., B. Guha, and T. Roy. "Managing Alzheimer’s patients in rural areas of developing country." Alzheimer's & Dementia 19, S23 (December 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alz.072830.

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AbstractBackgroundNational‐health‐registry based data demonstrates Psychosocial support & treatment‐availability are major issues for Alzheimer’s ‐sufferers in resource‐poor‐nations. Hence our Non‐Government‐Organisation analysed & made this public health‐policy paper recommendation’s.NGO’s are close to rural/tribal‐communities. Cost of running NGO is economical than medical‐institution. Medical treatment cost is prohibitive and inaccessible for majority patients in Asia. Government‐Health‐Departments need to workout strategy to increase access to care.In resource‐poor‐setting unaffordable cost leads to poor‐therapeutic‐compliance & therefore high mortality. We developed training program to evolve sound /sustainable Alzheimer’s‐care for rural communitiesMethodsNo national‐program for financial help to Alzheimer’s patients exists in india. Treatment programs designed towards rural/tribal population needed. Since four years we offer guidance for drug‐therapy‐funding. This project is unique, as we are training NGO health workers to assist patients community in improving access to care. Depending on support given by donors, we provide financial‐assistance for treatment. We improved access to governmental hospitals. Initially we started with two towns & intend to offer our services to 23 villages by 2025.ResultsWe did face hiccups in mobilising volunteers/resources. Our strategy has minimum maintenance‐cost & high‐acceptability. Forums like AAIC‐2023 conference must support NGO‐activists to form workgroups with AAIC conference‐participants to further develop this concept on larger scale.ConclusionEconomical‐factors/access to therapy changes out‐come of treatment. With little training, few resources our community NGO in rural/tribal India formed well knit volunteers‐group who are giving free part‐time dedicated service. psychosocial‐support improves QOL reducing difficulties faces by resource‐poor‐southern countries. We urge participants to share views/expertise on this burning‐issue at AAIC‐2023‐venue to come out with sustainable policy paper for Asian nations.

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Sohrabi, Hamid R., Kathryn G. Goozee, Michael Weinborn, Stephanie Rainey Smith, Kevin Taddei, and Ralph N. Martins. "Does education years delay Alzheimer’s disease in cognitively normal oldest old?" Alzheimer's & Dementia 20, S4 (December 2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.089080.

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AbstractBackgroundResearch on cognitive reserve (CR) in individuals aged 80 years old and above has resulted in inconsistent findings, mostly showing a relationship with baseline cognitive abilities but not follow up assessments. The effects of amyloid burden on the relationship between CR, cognitive decline and dementia in oldest old warrants further study in the presence of APOE e4. We hypothesised that CR in oldest old (≥80 yrs old) adults will result in different trajectories, depending on being amyloid PET positive or negative. Specifically, this study was to determine whether the relationship between CR and cognition is mediated by amyloid load in very old individuals.MethodData of 115 participants aged 80 years and above at baseline and one follow‐up was analysed for this study. Participants were recruited from the Western Australia Memory Study (WAMS, Perth) and the Kerr Anglican Retirement Village Initiative in Ageing Health (KARVIAH) Study (Sydney, Australia). In both sites participants have undergone amyloid imaging, as well as a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment, APOE genotyping and AD‐related blood‐based biomarkers analysis.ResultPreliminary results indicated a non‐significant relationship between education years, as the proxy for CR, and baseline cognition. Similar not‐significant findings was observed between CR and amyloid load. Individuals positive or negative for amyloid burden on the brain at baseline, as well as carriage of APOE e4 did not differ on years of education. Of interest, APOE e4 allele carriers were not different from not‐carriers on amyloid load in the brain. Due to nonsignificant relationships between the variables of interest, in both cross‐sectional as well as longitudinal data, further mediation analysis was not carried out.ConclusionOur nonsignificant results indicated that the commonly reported relationship between CR, cognitive function, amyloid load in older adults may not be present in individuals aged 80 years old and above. Although these findings are consistent with previous reports, other factors including longevity genetic factors that promote preserving cognition in oldest adults as well as lifestyle factors should be considered. Further analysis of such factors is currently ongoing and may result in interesting outcomes for this cohort.

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Sharmin, Tahmida, James D. Doecke, Pratishtha Chatterjee, Kevin Huynh, Benjamin Heng, Shaun Eslick, Manohar Garg, and Ralph N. Martins. "Plasma metabolites associated with plasma P‐tau181 in preclinical Alzheimer's disease." Alzheimer's & Dementia 20, S2 (December 2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.091167.

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AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis is not restricted to amyloid‐beta, Aβ, and tau pathologies but involves dysregulation in diverse cellular and molecular processes. Numerous metabolomic studies revealed plasma metabolite alterations in AD individuals compared to healthy controls. Nevertheless, plasma P‐tau181, an established biomarker for AD diagnosis and prognosis, has been described to reflect initial multiple cortical region Aβ deposition in cognitively intact adults. The current study aims to identify plasma metabolites associated with plasma P‐tau181 at the preclinical stage and better understand the associated biochemical mechanisms for AD pathogenesis.MethodIn the current study, 100 older adults with no objective cognitive impairment, MoCA and MMSE ≥ 26, from the Kerr Anglican Retirement Village Initiative in Ageing Health (KARVIAH) cohort, comprising 65 CI Aβ‐ (cognitively intact normal brain Aβ) and 35 CI Aβ+ (cognitively intact higher brain Aβ) individuals, were assessed for plasma P‐tau181, via ultra‐sensitive Quanterix Simoa technology, and plasma metabolites, via mass spectrometry‐based BIOCRATES kit, and then investigated for associations, both before and after adjusting for confounding variables, in the study groups. Additionally, P‐tau181‐associated plasma metabolites were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the potential to classify brain Aβ status.ResultIn the entire cohort, significant positive associations of plasma metabolites, including acylcarnitines, amino acid citrulline, and three biogenic amines (creatinine, kynurenine and SDMA), were observed with P‐tau181 and similar associations, except for kynurenine, were detected in CI Aβ‐. In contrast, in CI Aβ+, only acylcarnitine, AC(10:3), was found to have a positive association with P‐tau181 and further, upon including AC(10:3), the AUC for P‐tau181 (AUC=70.9%) potentially outperformed (AUC=76.2%), which additionally topped to 83.9% when combined with a base model (Abstract Figure).ConclusionThese findings suggest that the higher the plasma P‐tau181, the higher the medium chain acylcarnitine, AC(10:3), in plasma in cognitively intact older adults at risk for AD, indicating a link between early Aβ pathology and fatty acid oxidation mediated energy metabolism pathway. Additionally, associated metabolite strengthens the significance of P‐tau181 in classifying brain Aβ status in cognitively intact older adults. Therefore, plasma P‐tau181‐associated plasma metabolite may serve as potential predictive marker for preclinical AD pathogenesis.

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Croney, Ruth, Emil Fristed, Donna Masterman, Martine Meyer, Pallavi Sachdev, Aparna Vasanthakumar, Christopher J. Weber, and Theresa Devins. "ADNI Private Partners Scientific Board (PPSB) Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DE&I) Working Group: A new collaboration that crosses boundaries for industry, academia, and under‐represented patients." Alzheimer's & Dementia, December 22, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.14248.

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AbstractThe Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Private Partners Scientific Board (PPSB) Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Working Group (DE&I WG) was established to work with the ADNI3 Diversity Task Force to provide an industry perspective on increasing the representation of diverse participants in ADNI3 and to build precompetitive cross‐industry knowledge in engagement and recruitment of under‐represented participants (URPs). In this article, we review and highlight the role and ongoing activities within the ADNI PPSB DE&I WG and provide a cross‐industry perspective on areas where precompetitive collaboration can improve the inclusiveness in clinical trials, drawing on examples from ADNI4.Highlights New collaboration crosses boundaries to allow PPSB DE&I WG members to work together in a preproprietary way. When faced with the same challenges required by FDA combined with a growing prevalence of AD, the DE&I WG has drafted a range of initiatives that may benefit ADNI, AD patients, care partners, and respective companies involved in this work. In order to address the multifactorial problem of successfully enrolling representative populations in clinical trials, it will “take a village” to bring about sustainable changes.

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Kristian, Kevin, Yvonne Suzy Handajani, Nelly Tina Widjaja, Ika Suswanti, and Yuda Turana. "DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDIZED OLFACTORY TEST AS A COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT SCREENING TOOL IN INDONESIAN ELDERLY: A PRELIMINARY STUDY." Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran Duta Wacana 9, no. 1 (August 30, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.21460/bikdw.v9i1.631.

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The decline of olfactory function is an early indicator of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. An olfactory function assessment instrument using ten familiar scents with multiple-choice answers has been developed, but several items were inapplicable and had not been standardized. This study aimed to identify various scents that have not been standardized for the aging population with normal cognitive function. This research was a preliminary study with a descriptive cross-sectional approach conducted in Kalianyar village, Jakarta, involving 23 elderly participants with normal cognitive function. An instrument consisting of a list of scents was employed in two steps, with or without assistance. Initially, participants had one chance to smell and try to guess the type of scent given. If the scent was not guessed correctly, participants were then provided with multiple-choice options as a hint. Based on the assessment of twelve scents from the existing research, only nine scents were recognizable. Among them, coffee, lemongrass, oranges, eucalyptus, and menthol were the scents with the most correct answers without assistance. Additionally, there were four scents recognized with or without assistance, such as jasmine, lemon, aromatic ginger, and lime. This study found that only nine scents were familiar and had the potential to be utilized in the future as a screening tool for cognitive impairment.

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Kovacich, Joann. "Book Reviews." Anthropology & Aging 34, no. 3 (September 1, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/aa.2013.15.

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Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics 2010-2013 Volume 30, 2010: Focus on Biobehavioral Perspectives on Health in Late Life (Keith E. Whitfield, ed.) Linda J. Keilman , Michigan State University Volume 31, 2011: Pathways Through the Transitions of Care for Older Adults. (Peggye Dilworth-Anderson and Mary H. Palmer, eds.) Rachel Sona Reed, The Pasadena Village Volume 32, 2012: Emerging Perspectives on Resilience in Adulthood and Later Life (Bert Hayslip Jr., Gregory Smith, eds.) Lydia K. Manning, Concordia University, Chicago Volume 33, 2013. Healthy Longevity: A Global Approach (Jean-Marie Robine, Carol Jagger, and Eileen M. Crimmins, eds.) Richard Zimmer, Sonoma State UniversityTranscending Dementia through the TTAP Method: A New Psychology of Art, Brain, and Cognition (Linda Levine Madori) Jennifer A. Wagner, Bowling Green UniversityHandbook of Life-Span Development (Karen L. Fingerman, Cynthia A. Berg, Jacqui Smith & Toni C. Antonucci, eds.) Ruth N. Grendell, University of Phoenix/Point Loma Nazarene UniversityHealth, Illness, and Optimal Aging: Biological and Psychosocial Perspectives Second Edition. (Caolyn M. Aldwin and Diane Gilmer Fox) Elisha R. Oliver, University of OklahomaBy Himself: The Older Man’s Experience of Widowhood. (Deborah K. Van den Hoonaard) Lindsay L. Martin, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical CenterThe Validation Breakthrough: Simple Techniques for Communicating with People with Alzheimer’s and Other Dementias. Third Edition (Naomi Feil and Vicki de Klerk-Rubin) Stacey L. Barnes, Marquette UniversityGrandma, a Thousand Times (Teta, Alf Marra) (Film) Philip Kao, University of Pittsburgh

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Chatterjee, Pratishtha, Henrik Zetterberg, Kathryn Goozee, Chai K. Lim, Kelly R. Jacobs, Nicholas J. Ashton, Abdul Hye та ін. "Plasma neurofilament light chain and amyloid-β are associated with the kynurenine pathway metabolites in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease". Journal of Neuroinflammation 16, № 1 (10 жовтня 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12974-019-1567-4.

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Abstract Background Blood markers indicative of neurodegeneration (neurofilament light chain; NFL), Alzheimer’s disease amyloid pathology (amyloid-β; Aβ), and neuroinflammation (kynurenine pathway; KP metabolites) have been investigated independently in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the association of these markers of neurodegeneration and AD pathology with neuroinflammation has not been investigated previously. Therefore, the current study examined whether NFL and Aβ correlate with KP metabolites in elderly individuals to provide insight on the association between blood indicators of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Methods Correlations between KP metabolites, measured using liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and plasma NFL and Aβ concentrations, measured using single molecule array (Simoa) assays, were investigated in elderly individuals aged 65–90 years, with normal global cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination Score ≥ 26) from the Kerr Anglican Retirement Village Initiative in Ageing Health cohort. Results A positive correlation between NFL and the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (K/T) reflecting indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity was observed (r = .451, p < .0001). Positive correlations were also observed between NFL and kynurenine (r = .364, p < .0005), kynurenic acid (r = .384, p < .0001), 3-hydroxykynurenine (r = .246, p = .014), anthranilic acid (r = .311, p = .002), and quinolinic acid (r = .296, p = .003). Further, significant associations were observed between plasma Aβ40 and the K/T (r = .375, p < .0005), kynurenine (r = .374, p < .0005), kynurenic acid (r = .352, p < .0005), anthranilic acid (r = .381, p < .0005), and quinolinic acid (r = .352, p < .0005). Significant associations were also observed between plasma Aβ42 and the K/T ratio (r = .215, p = .034), kynurenic acid (r = .214, p = .035), anthranilic acid (r = .278, p = .006), and quinolinic acid (r = .224, p = .027) in the cohort. On stratifying participants based on their neocortical Aβ load (NAL) status, NFL correlated with KP metabolites irrespective of NAL status; however, associations between plasma Aβ and KP metabolites were only pronounced in individuals with high NAL while associations in individuals with low NAL were nearly absent. Conclusions The current study shows that KP metabolite changes are associated with biomarker evidence of neurodegeneration. Additionally, the association between KP metabolites and plasma Aβ seems to be NAL status dependent. Finally, the current study suggests that an association between neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation manifests in the periphery, suggesting that preventing cytoskeleton cytotoxicity by KP metabolites may have therapeutic potential.

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Gao, Yao, Shan Wei, Fan Gao, Ling Gao, Liangjun Dang, Suhang Shang, Chen Chen та ін. "Sleep Disturbance is Associated With Higher Plasma Aβ Levels in Cognitively Normal Adults—A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study". Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 12 (18 січня 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2020.615838.

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Objective: Growing evidence suggests that sleep disturbance is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain is a main pathophysiology of AD. Considering that peripheral Aβ level is associated with brain Aβ deposition, the present study investigated the relationship between sleep disturbance and plasma Aβ levels.Methods: This is a population-based cross-sectional study. A total of 1,459 participants from a village in the suburbs of Xi'an, China, were enrolled from January 3, 2017 to March 26, 2017. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and a PSQI score of <5 points was considered as good sleep quality and a PSQI score of >10 points as poor sleep quality. Cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Fasting venous blood was taken in the morning, and the plasma Aβ levels were measured using ELISA. The relationships between plasma Aβ levels and sleep quality were analyzed using multiple linear regression.Results: Among the participants, 231 had poor sleep quality (15.83%). The log-transformed Aβ40 level had significant differences among the different sleep groups (F = 3.216, p = 0.040). The log-transformed Aβ40 level was higher in the poor sleep quality group than that in the general sleep quality group [87.17 (73.42, 107.34) vs. 89.69 (74.81, 125.79) pg/ml, p = 0.016]. In bivariate analysis, sleep quality was negatively associated with the log-transformed plasma Aβ40 level (β = −0.025, p = 0.011).Conclusion: In the community population, poorer sleep quality is associated with a higher plasma Aβ40 level. This indicated that sleep disturbance might also involve in dysfunction of peripheral Aβ clearance.

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She, Meilin, Suhang Shang, Ningwei Hu, Chen Chen, Liangjun Dang, Ling Gao, Shan Wei та ін. "Blood Pressure Level Is Associated With Changes in Plasma Aβ1 –40 and Aβ1–42 Levels: A Cross-sectional Study Conducted in the Suburbs of Xi’an, China". Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 13 (4 червня 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.650679.

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Objectives: Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain is the hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. Hypertension is a risk factor for AD, but the effects of hypertension on Aβ deposition are not fully determined. Considering peripheral Aβ closely relates to Aβ deposition in the brain, we investigated the relationships between blood pressure (BP) level and plasma Aβ concentrations.Methods: One-thousand and sixty-nine participants (age above 45) from a village in the suburbs of Xi’an, China were enrolled. Questionnaires and validated Chinese versions of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to collect information about vascular risk factors and assess cognition function. The apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype was detected using PCR and sequencing. Plasma Aβ levels were measured using ELISA. The associations between BP and plasma Aβ levels were analyzed by using multivariate linear regression.Results: Plasma Aβ1–40 level was higher in high BP group than that in normal BP group (53.34 ± 8.50 pg/ml vs. 51.98 ± 8.96 pg/ml, P = 0.013), in high SBP group than that in normal SBP group (53.68 ± 8.69 pg/ml vs. 51.88 ± 8.80 pg/ml, P = 0.001) and in high MABP group than that in normal MABP group (54.05 ± 8.78 pg/ml vs. 52.04 ± 8.75 pg/ml, P = 0.001). After controlling for the confounding factors, SBP (b = 0.078, P < 0.001), DBP (b = 0.090, P = 0.008) and MABP (b = 0.104, P < 0.001) correlated with plasma Aβ1–40 level positively in ApoE ε4 non-carriers, but not ApoE ε4 carriers.Conclusions: Elevated BP levels were associated with increased plasma Aβ1–40 levels in middle-aged and elderly ApoE ε4 non-carriers.

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Gan, Jinghuan, Yan Zeng, Guowei Huang, Xiao-Dan Wang, Yang Lü, Jianping Niu, Xinling Meng, et al. "The updated prevalence and risk factors of dementia in old adults in China: A cross-sectional study." Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, November 26, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13872877241297155.

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Background The continuously increasing aging population and life expectancy have led to an inconsistent and underestimated dementia prevalence in China. An updated epidemiologic study is urgently needed. Objective To update the prevalence rate and risk factors of dementia in China. Methods For this national cross-sectional study, 20,438 participants aged ≥65 from 28 communities and 56 villages from 14 centers were recruited using a multistage cluster sampling design between May 2019 and December 2019. Participants were assessed with a series of clinical and neuropsychological measurements. The prevalence rates of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD), as well as the risk factors, were calculated using multivariate-adjusted models. Results The crude prevalence rates were 9.1% (95% CI, 8.7%–9.5%) for dementia, 6.0% (95% CI, 5.7%–6.3%) for AD, 1.4% (95% CI, 1.2%–1.5%) for VaD, and 1.8% (95% CI, 1.6%–2.0%) for other dementias in a population aged ≥65 years. The overall sex- and age-standardized prevalence was 8.8%. Apart from VaD, the prevalence rates of dementia and AD were higher in females than males (10.3% versus 7.7%, respectively). Moreover, the prevalence rates of dementia and AD increased significantly with age. Being unmarried and having fewer social activities increased the risks of dementia and main subtypes. Risk factors were not exactly the same for participants with AD and VaD. Conclusions The prevalence of dementia is increased and almost comparable with that of developed countries for individuals aged ≥65 years. These findings may serve as new evidence for government interventions in aging.

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Pipingas, Andrew, Karen J. Murphy, Courtney R. Davis, Catherine Itsiopoulos, Michael Kingsley, Andrew Scholey, Helen Macpherson, et al. "A Mediterranean Diet and Walking Intervention to Reduce Cognitive Decline and Dementia Risk in Independently Living Older Australians: The MedWalk Randomized Controlled Trial Experimental Protocol, Including COVID-19 Related Modifications and Baseline Characteristics." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, September 28, 2023, 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-230641.

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Background: Several clinical trials have examined diet and physical activity lifestyle changes as mitigation strategies for risk factors linked to cognitive decline and dementias such as Alzheimer’s disease. However, the ability to modify these behaviors longer term, to impact cognitive health has remained elusive. Objective: The MedWalk trial’s primary aim is to investigate whether long-term adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet and regular walking, delivered through motivational interviewing and cognitive-behavioral therapy (MI-CBT), can reduce age-associated cognitive decline and other dementia risk factors in older, independently living individuals without cognitive impairment. Methods: MedWalk, a one-year cluster-randomized controlled trial across two Australian states, recruited 60–90-year-old people from independent living retirement villages and the wider community. Participants were assigned to either the MedWalk intervention or a Control group (maintaining their usual diet and physical activity). The primary outcome is 12-month change in visual memory and learning assessed from errors on the Paired Associates Learning Task of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Secondary outcomes include cognition, mood, cardiovascular function, biomarkers related to nutrient status and cognitive decline, MI-CBT effectiveness, Mediterranean diet adherence, physical activity, quality of life, cost-effectiveness, and health economic evaluation. Progress and Discussion: Although COVID-19 impacts over two years necessitated a reduced timeline and sample size, MedWalk retains sufficient power to address its aims and hypotheses. Baseline testing has been completed with 157 participants, who will be followed over 12 months. If successful, MedWalk will inform interventions that could substantially reduce dementia incidence and ameliorate cognitive decline in the community. Trial registration: Registered on the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ANZCTR 12620000978965 (https://www.anzctr.org.au).

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Chen, Chen, Wang Anqi, Gao Ling, Wei Shan, Dang Liangjun, Shang Suhang, Huo Kang та ін. "Atherosclerosis is associated with plasma Aβ levels in non-hypertension patients". BMC Neurology 24, № 1 (25 червня 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12883-024-03722-z.

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Abstract Background Growing evidence indicated that to develop of atherosclerosis observed more often by people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the underlying mechanism is not fully clarified. Considering that amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain is the key pathophysiology of AD and plasma Aβ is closely relate to Aβ deposition in the brain, in the present study, we investigated the relationships between atherosclerosis and plasma Aβ levels. Methods This was a population based cross-sectional study. Patients with high risk of atherosclerosis from Qubao Village, Xi’an were underwent carotid ultrasound for assessment of atherosclerosis. Venous blood was collected on empty stomach in the morning and plasma Aβ1−40 and Aβ1−42 levels were measured using ELISA. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationships between carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) and plasma Aβ levels. Results Among 344 patients with high risk of atherosclerosis, 251(73.0%) had CAS. In the univariate analysis, the plasma Aβ levels had no significant differences between CAS group and non-CAS group (Aβ1−40: 53.07 ± 9.24 pg/ml vs. 51.67 ± 9.11pg/ml, p = 0.211; Aβ1−42: 40.10 ± 5.57 pg/ml vs. 40.70 pg/ml ± 6.37pg/ml, p = 0.285). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that plasma Aβ levels were not associated with CAS (Aβ1−40: OR = 1.019, 95%CI: 0.985–1.054, p = 0.270;Aβ1−42: OR = 1.028, 95%CI: 0.980–1.079, p = 0.256) in the total study population. After stratified by hypertension, CAS was associated with plasma Aβ1−40 positively (OR = 1.063, 95%CI: 1.007–1.122, p = 0.028) in the non-hypertension group, but not in hypertensive group. When the plasma Aβ concentrations were classified into four groups according to its quartile, the highest level of plasma Aβ1−40 group was associated with CAS significantly (OR = 4.465, 95%CI: 1.024–19.474, p = 0.046). Conclusion Among patients with high risk of atherosclerosis, CAS was associated with higher plasma Aβ1−40 level in non-hypertension group, but not in hypertension group. These indicated that atherosclerosis is associated with plasma Aβ level, but the relationship may be confounded by hypertension.

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Dominguez, Jacqueline, Ma Fe de Guzman, S. H. Annabel Chen, Mary Sano, Gunhild Waldemar, and Thien Kieu Thi Phung. "Filipino Multicomponent Intervention to Maintain Cognitive Performance in High-Risk Population (FINOMAIN): Study Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial." Frontiers in Neurology 12 (September 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.685721.

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Background: More than half of the people with dementia live in lower-middle income countries (LMIC), yet we lack research and evidence-based knowledge to guide health promotion and prevention strategies for cognitive decline. In the Philippines, the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cardiovascular risk factors among older persons are high, making this population at high risk for developing dementia. This protocol describes a cluster randomized controlled trial that aims to investigate the efficacy of a multicomponent intervention to maintain cognitive performance among high-risk population.Methods: This is a cluster-randomized, two-arm, single-blind trial of a multicomponent intervention that combines dance called INDAK (Improving Neurocognition through Dance and Kinesthetics), nutrition counseling, and vascular risk management. The intervention arm will receive 12 months (1-h, twice per week) of INDAK and every 3 months of nutrition counseling and intensive vascular risk management and monitoring. The control group will receive the usual vascular care advice and referral. A total of 605 (20–25 clusters per arm) community-dwelling Filipino older adults aged ≥ 60 years old with MCI will participate in the study and will be assessed at baseline, 6th- and 12th-month follow-up. The primary outcome is cognitive performance assessed by the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale—Cognitive (ADAS-Cog), Mnemonic Similarity Tasks (MST), and executive function composite (EFC). Secondary outcomes are functional connectivity assessed through brain imaging, and measures of behavioral, functional level, and quality of life.Discussion: The study aims to provide scientific evidence on a public health intervention that is contextualized in a community setting to reduce dementia risk among older adults with MCI. This model can be an ecological, low-cost, and effective program, thereby conducive to widespread implementation in the Philippines as well as in other low-resource settings with similar public health challenges. The pilot phase was underway with eight villages (clusters), but temporarily interrupted by the pandemic. The full study is anticipated to start after community restrictions are eased.

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Therrien, Martine, Michael John Dolan, Sasa Jereb, Tushar Kamath, Daniel Meyer, Trevor Atkeson, Christopher K. Glass, et al. "A toolkit to study microglia states using stem cell‐derived models." Alzheimer's & Dementia 19, S13 (December 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alz.080796.

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AbstractBackgroundEmerging genetic studies of late‐onset Alzheimer’s Disease (LOAD) implicate microglia, the brain’s resident macrophages. More than half the risk genes associated with LOAD are expressed in microglia, yet we know little about the underlying biology or how myeloid cells contribute to LOAD pathogenesis. Single‐cell transcriptomic studies reveal diverse microglial states in patients and mouse models; however, we lack tools to track these states and understand the impact of environmental challenges or genetic susceptibility.MethodWe used human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell models to gain insights into microglia. These cells can be differentiated into microglia, enabling the broad characterization of cells in vitro and understanding their impact on the other cell types in xenograft models, allowing us to gain biological insight into disease pathogenesis.ResultOur lab has developed a novel human stem cell‐based platform1 which induces stem cell‐derived microglia (iMGLs) to take on diverse transcriptional signatures similar to those found in the human brain in response to exposure to brain‐relevant substrates. Moreover, we conceived a lentiviral protocol that allows for efficient genetic manipulation of microglia (>90% transduction). Building on these systems, we generated reporters of microglia state to track the expression of key microglial genes and adapted iPSC “villages”2, or pooled cultures, that combine iPSC cell lines in the same dish. Using these tools in vitro and in xenograft models3,4, we identified genetic regulators and functional changes of microglia states in LOAD.ConclusionTogether, these tools represent a broad toolset that will allow us to answer some of the most pressing questions, such as when and how in disease these states are formed, what is their impact on disease progression, and how plastic they are. These tools will be invaluable to understanding the role of microglia in AD and the brain in general.1. Dolan, M.‐J. et al. Biorxiv 2022.05.02.490100 (2022)2. Wells, M. F. et al. Biorxiv 2021.11.08.467815 (2021)3. Hasselmann, J. et al. Neuron 103, 1016‐1033.e10 (2019)4. Mancuso, R. et al. Nature Neuroscience 22, 2111‐2116 (2019)

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