Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Villa E.1027"

This paper describes the method employed for the restoration of the Maison La Roche and the Villa E-1027 buildings, considered emblematic for modern French architecture. The radical atten- tion to material conservation was the main objective, supported by substantial research of the archives and minute analysis of the existing buildings, the results of which are reported. Maison La Roche became a museum compliant with the requirements of a public utility building. A discussion is given of the study and restoration of the murals by Le Corbusier conserved at Villa E-1027, which has not yet found a new function.

Design, beauty, the ethical question, aesthetics: all these terms are present in the story of Le Corbusier's drawings on the walls of Eileen Gray's villa E1027. Seven drawings were painted by Le Corbusier on the interior and exterior walls without her knowledge. They are drawings of considerable size and in very vivid colours and the author is undoubtedly one of the people who changed the culture of the 20th century. On the other hand, Gray's villa is also considered today one of the masterpieces of modern architecture: it is essential in its lines and colours and every detail has been carefully thought out and designed. The situation that arose with the inclusion of Le Corbusier's wall paintings poses many questions for those involved in Restoration. According to some lines of thought every intervention is a trace and as such it has its own meaning it tells a piece of history and as such it deserves to be preserved. In this specific case, however, Le Corbusier's brightly coloured drawings completely change the perception of the villa's spaces. In this case the preservation of a trace, no matter how significant it may be, has the power to change and cause the loss of the basic idea of this villa: preservation causes loss. This story therefore brings an important reflection on the role of conservation, on the ethics of restoration and also on the power that a drawing on a wall can have.

Corrosion in reinforced concrete is generally attributed to either carbonation or chloride presence in the vicinity of the bars. But in the field of cultural heritage, especially for the most ancient monuments, it is not rare to encounter both carbonated and chloride polluted concrete, inducing heavy corrosion, as was the case in the Villa E-1027 in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, on the French Mediterranean seashore. The villa was designed by Eileen Gray and Jean Badovici between 1926 and 1929. Due to aggressive environmental conditions and a period of dereliction, the concrete of the villa was quite heavily decayed and a deep restoration was led between 2000 and 2006. But after a little more than 10 years, and despite active maintenance, the villa is again facing corrosion induced decay. Prior to the definition of a new restoration protocol, to better evaluate the corrosion activity, in 2017 a permanent monitoring of moisture and temperature both in the air and in the concrete was installed. In the meantime, a series of instant electrochemical measurements was performed from 2017 to 2018. A first analysis of the results of the monitoring and the non-destructive tests clearly evidences that probably due to the conjunction of the carbonation of the concrete and external active chloride pollution, corrosion can happen at quite low moisture content.

Coincidiendo con el cincuenta aniversario del fallecimiento de Le Corbusier, Tim Benton escribió Le Corbusier, peintre à Cap-Martin (Éditions du Patrimonie, 2015), que fue objeto de una reedición seis años después, también en francés. Sobre esta villa también ha publicado Cap Moderne. Eileen Gray and Le Corbusier. Modernisme by the Sea (2022) y ha colaborado en la antología E1027. Restoring a House by the Sea (2022). Con esta nueva versión inglesa viene a completar la difusión de este valioso libro que incide en una reconsideración crítica de la figura de Le Corbusier.

The restoration of the paintings of Le Corbusier in the Villa E-1027 was preceded by an important study phase including systematic sampling of the paintings. One purpose of the study was to determine the presence of the original paintings under the global over-paint made by a local craftsman in the seventies. Four of the eight paintings have been rediscovered, in a much better condition than expected. These paintings are a fragile testimony of the particular use of “Ripolin” by Le Corbusier, in the context of its use by others famous artists as Picasso or Picabia in the same period.

El presente artículo está basado en la exposición de M. Michel Richard, en el 3rd International Architecture Workshop 2017: Tourisme et patrimoine. Le territoire de Roquebrune-Cap Martin, realizado por la Designing Heritage Tourism Landscape Network, en septiembre de 2017, en Francia. Como Presidente, entonces, de la Fundación Le Corbusier y experto en su obra y en el trabajo de preservación que esta implica, Michel Richard llama a reflexionar sobre los desafíos que la apertura al turismo de masas presupone para dichas obras. Tal es el caso de las que fueron tema del Workshop antes mencionado (el Cabanon, la Villa E-1027, las Unités de Camping, el estudio de Le Corbusier), y que fueron concebidas como espacios para la vida privada, como arquitecturas íntimas. Richard hace foco en las contradicciones entre la necesidad de hacer conocer el patrimonio (y los potenciales recursos que esta acción proporciona para la conservación del mismo) y la obligación de protegerlo, a su vez, de las consecuencias lógicas del acceso del público.

Reseña de: Dubois, Y.: Ornamentation et discours architectural de la villa romaine d’Orbe Boscéaz. (Cahiers d’Archéologie romande, 163, URBA II/1). Lausanne, 2016, 3 volúmenes. ISBN: 972-288028-163-2; ISSN: 1021-1713.

Etude monographique et développement historique de E 1027 maison en bord de mer réalisée par Eileen Gray (1878-1976) et Jean Badovici (1893-1956) à Roquebrune Cap Martin (FR-06) en 1926-29. E 1027 et le travail d'Eileen Gray ont fait l'objet de multiples écrits, qui pourraient laisser penser que le sujet est achevé. Pourtant ces écrits présentent tous une histoire incomplète des lieux et pour la plupart des analyses et affirmations qui ne sont pas toutes cohérentes et régulièrement erronées, en raison du nombre réduit d'archives sur lesquelles elles s'appuient – toujours les mêmes – et de leur faible voir non confrontation à la matière construite. De plus, une période importante de l'histoire de la maison entre 1929 et 1956 est en grande partie inconnue du fait de l'absence de sources et n'est de fait que partiellement décrite. L'auteur a la chance, au sortir de son diplôme d'architecte déjà centré sur E 1027 et la restauration du patrimoine XXe (ENSAM 1998), d'être nommé responsable de la maison et de préparer sa restauration en travaillant sur place durant cinq ans (1999-2004). Parallèlement il obtient un DEA en histoire de l'architecture contemporaine (Paris I, 1999), qui lui permet d'acquérir les méthodes de recherche et d'analyse historiques, indispensables à ses travaux sur place. Il peut donc confronter l'histoire à la matière construite sur un temps long inédit. Il adopte aussi une approche archéologique qui révèle un grand nombre d'informations nouvelles. Il commence dans le même temps à rechercher le mobilier d'origine de la maison dispersé pour l'étudier dans tous ses détails en vue d'une éventuelle reconstruction pour la maison. Il retrouve en Europe et aux Etats-Unis la grande majorité des pièces vendues et se voit accorder l'accès sans réserve à celles-ci par les différents propriétaires publics et privés. Il accède aussi à plusieurs reprises à Tempe a Pailla, la maison personnelle d'Eileen Gray, et dispose d'un accès sans réserve au mobilier en place, pour une étude comparative avec E 1027. Il identifie les différents fonds d'archives disponibles. Il retrouve en 2007, après plusieurs années de recherche proches de l'enquête policière, le fonds d'archives personnel de Jean Badovici réputé disparu. Ce fonds inconnu se révèle d'une très grande richesse et permet d'apporter une nouvelle précision et fidélité à l'histoire de la maison et de son développement, notamment entre les années 1929 et 1956. Il retrouve aussi plusieurs témoins vivants de l'histoire des lieux, dont le menuisier attitré d'Eileen Gray ou encore la dernière compagne de Jean Badovici qui vécut dans la maison de 1947 à 1956 et en a conservé des souvenirs précis et précieux. L'auteur réalise un relevé complet de E 1027 pièce par pièce et 1 500 clichés de la maison avant restauration. Il réalise les plans de reconstitution de E 1027 et de l'ensemble du mobilier tels qu'ils se présentent en 1929. Après avoir quitté ses fonctions à E 1027 en 2004, l'auteur est à nouveau engagé en 2016, avec son confrère Burkhardt Rukschcio, pour reconstruire le mobilier de la maison et comme conseiller historique et technique pour la restauration du bâti. Ce travail de reconstruction et restauration, qui s'est achevé en 2021, apporte une connaissance supplémentaire de la maison, de son mobilier et ses équipements qui enrichissent une fois encore la recherche doctorale. La thèse que souhaite présenter l'auteur est donc une étude monographique de E 1027 mariant trois compétences qu'il a mises en œuvre dans ses recherches, archéologique, historique et architecturale, pour servir une nouvelle histoire des lieux dénouant les approximations, les légendes et les analyses erronées publiées jusque-là sur le sujet, en s'appuyant sur des données vérifiées et recoupées, issues d'un rassemblement inédit des sources disponibles, la découverte de sources nouvelles, et la confrontation unique sur une telle durée à la matière construite et à sa reconstitution
Monographic study and historical development of E 1027 house by the sea realized by Eileen Gray (1878-1976) and Jean Badovici (1893-1956) in Roquebrune Cap Martin (FR-06) in 1926-29. E 1027 and the work of Eileen Gray have been the subject of many writings, which might suggest that the subject is finished. Yet these writings all present an incomplete history of the places and for the most part analyzes and affirmations which are not all coherent and regularly erroneous, because of the reduced number of archives on which they rest - always the same ones - and their small or no confrontation with the constructed matter. In addition, an important period in the history of the house between 1929 and 1956 is largely unknown due to the lack of sources and is in fact only partially described. The author has the chance, after graduating from an architect already focused on E 1027 and the restoration of heritage XX (ENSAM 1998), to be appointed head of the house and prepare its restoration by working on site for five years (1999-2004). At the same time, he obtained a DEA in the history of contemporary architecture (Paris I, 1999), which enabled him to acquire the methods of research and historical analysis, which are essential for his work on the spot. He can thus confront history with matter built on a long time never done before. It also adopts an archaeological approach that reveals a lot of new information. At the same time, he begins to search for the original furniture of the house scattered to study it in all its details for a possible reconstruction for the house. It finds in Europe and in the United States the great majority of the pieces sold and is granted unreserved access to them by the various owners, public en private. He also regularly accesses in Tempe a Pailla, the personal home of Eileen Gray, and has unrestricted access to the furniture in place, for a comparative study with E 1027. It identifies the different archive holdings available. He finds in 2007, after several years of research close to the police investigation, the personal archive of Jean Badovici considered missing. This unknown fund is very rich and can bring a new precision and fidelity to the history of the house and its development, especially between the years 1929 and 1956. He also finds several living witnesses of the history of the place, including the carpenter of Eileen Gray or the last wife of Jean Badovici who lived in the house from 1947 to 1956 and has kept accurate and precious memories. The author makes a complete architectural survey of E 1027 piece by piece and 1,500 pictures of the house before restoration. He realizes the reconstruction plans of E 1027 and all the furniture as they are presented in 1929. After leaving his work at E 1027 in 2004, the author is again engaged in 2016, with his colleague Burkhardt Rukschcio, to rebuild the furniture of the house and as historical and technical adviser for the restoration of the building. This reconstruction and restoration work, which is completed in 2021, provides additional knowledge of the house, its furniture and equipment that once again enrich the doctoral research. The thesis that the author wishes to present is therefore a monographic study of E 1027 combining three skills that he has implemented in his research, archaeological, historical and architectural, to serve a new history of the places resolving the approximations, the legends and the erroneous analyzes published so far on the subject, relying on verified and cross-checked data, resulting from an unprecedented gathering of available sources, the discovery of new sources, and the unique confrontation over such a period of time with constructed matter and its reconstitution

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Whereas the emphasis in the public policy of the Programa Bolsa Família as a way to combat poverty, also considering the governmental discourse, according to which, education is a key element for social inclusion, considering that the Programa Bolsa Família is a public policy that assumes that access to education and staying in school would enable the social inclusion of families served, this paper aims to analyze the Bolsa Família implemented by Law 10.836/04, to identify the effects of the program in its educational aspect intended, or that is, access to education and school attendance of the children and youth served as a means of social inclusion. To this end we analyzed the rates of absences and academic achievement of students from 8th grade at a school in Sao Paulo State, located in União Vila Nova/Vila Nair, District Jacuí, at the East Zone, a region with the lowest IDH-M of São Paulo. In addition, we conducted interviews with four mothers selected from the income of children; two with good school performance, two with low school performance. Here, we used as the main theoretical base, the contributions of Bourdieu, Lahire and Charlot, referring to exclusion from school, viewed from the perspective of school failure. For this analysis we resort to an empirical and qualitative data obtained through documentary analysis of records of children school data and interviews transcript
Considerando o destaque no âmbito das políticas públicas do Programa Bolsa Família como forma de combate à pobreza, considerando ainda o discurso governamental, segundo o qual, a educação é um elemento fundamental para inclusão social, considerando que o Programa Bolsa Família é uma política pública que pressupõe que o acesso à educação e a permanência na escola possibilitariam a inclusão social das famílias atendidas, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o Programa Bolsa Família implementado pela Lei 10.836/04, a fim de identificar os efeitos do programa no seu aspecto educacional pretendido, ou seja, o acesso à educação e a permanência na escola das crianças e jovens atendidos como meio de inclusão social. Para tanto analisamos os índices de faltas e o rendimento escolar de alunos de uma 8ª série em uma escola da rede estadual de São Paulo, localizada na União Vila Nova/Vila Nair distrito do Jacuí, Zona Leste da cidade, região com menor IDH-M do município de São Paulo. Alem disso, realizamos entrevistas com quatro mães selecionadas a partir do rendimento das crianças; duas com bom rendimento, duas com baixo rendimento. Neste trabalho, utilizamos como principais bases teóricas as contribuições de Bourdieu, Lahire e Charlot referentes à exclusão escolar, considerada na perspectiva do fracasso escolar. Para esta análise recorremos a uma pesquisa empírica e qualitativa de dados obtidos através da análise documental dos prontuários das crianças e da transcrição das entrevistas

Globaliseringen på marknaden har bidragit till att konkurrensen blivit hårdare, och marknaden blivit mättad. Detta medför ett antal svårigheter bl. a. att företagen inom detaljhandeln måste ständigt försöka hitta nya sätt att särskilja sig på. Det har blivit viktigare att konstruera en långsiktig relation till kunden, för att överleva konkurrensen som finns på den rådande marknaden.

Det är nödvändigt att företagen inom detaljhandeln lockar kunderna med något utöver själva kärnprodukten, detta för att kunna skapa eller bibehålla kundrelationer bland en population som är mättad av det traditionella köpet. Människor är inte längre priskänsliga utan söker något utöver det hon konsumerar.

Denna studie belyser vilka faktorer som är vitala för att kunna skapa en organisationsstruktur som stöttar mervärde. Syftet med denna uppsats är att genom en fallstudie analysera och utvärdera hur två stycken olika varuhus, Åhléns city och Debenhams, arbetat med sin interna marknadsföringsprocess för att på så sätt hitta dessa faktorer.

Relevanta teorier har används så som mervärde, intern marknadsföring, organisationsstruktur, styrform, samt teorier som har varit relevant för denna undersökning. Undersökningen har grundats på en kvalitativ och en kvantitativ metod som tagit sig form genom fyra djupintervjuer med två avdelningschefer och två personalchefer, men även en enkätundersökning har genomförts på avdelningschefers anställda på respektive företag.

Empirin har samlats och analyserats vilket har givit resultatet och slutsatsen som tillkommer i denna undersökning.

Undersökningens resultat styrker delvis vår syntes beträffande hur den interna relationen mellan de anställda och chefer bör se ut för att man ska kunna leverera mervärde till kunden. Dock visade det sig att en av de avgörande faktorerna är även uppmuntringen till initiativtagandet från avdelningschefen såväl som vilket sätt avdelningschefen inspirerar och engagerar sina anställda.

De företag som har minst antal gap inom sin interna marknadsföringsprocess lyckas därav levererar mervärde och vinna konkurrensen för att få kunden till sin fördel.

Syftet med vår uppsats är att genom kvalitativa intervjuer studera hur de som arbetar som utryckningspersonal inom Räddningstjänsten ställer sig till att få in kvinnor i sina arbetsgrupper. Brandmän inom den kommunala Räddningstjänsten i Västra Götaland upplever att en jämnare könsfördelning skulle kunna påverka den dagliga arbetssituationen gällande arbetsmiljö, arbetsuppgifter och relationer. Genom teorier från Daniel Levi och Erving Goffman resonerar vi kring hur män inom den operativa utryckningsstyrkan beskriver hur gruppsammanhållning och språk konstrueras på arbetsplatsen samt hur dessa individer anpassar sina liv efter olika roller beroende på vilken situation de befinner sig i. Enligt några av våra respondenter finns det aktörer på marknaden som anser att den svenska kommunala Räddningstjänsten bör bli en mer jämställd arbetsplats för att mer spegla det samhälle vi idag lever i. Våra resultat visar att män inom den operativa utryckningsstyrkan mer än gärna välkomnar kvinnor i organisationen under förutsättning att de deltar på lika villkor och inte särbehandlas på grund av sitt kön. Det finns inga absoluta hinder till att kvinnor kan arbeta inom den operativa utryckningsstyrkan i Räddningstjänsten och heller inga motstånd bland de respondenter vi tillfrågat.

The purpose of this study is to examine who were given the opportunity to express their opinions in the government proposition concerning the future of the school system – particularly regarding the proposal that pupils do compulsory military service - submitted to the Swedish parliament 21 March 1941. Our focus is mainly on three parts of the proposition: the proposal to introduce shooting- and grenade practice for all pupils, the proposal to introduce an obligatory military leadership training course for teachers and the proposal to introduce an obligatory summer camp for all pupils.

Using primarily a qualitative method we examine how different opinions and views are expressed in the statements and utterances responding to the pending proposition and who the responders are. We will attempt to clarify who were considered to be undisputed authorities and experts, and whose opinions, for that reason, carried a lot of weight in the decision making process, comparing them to the statements and utterances submitted on a voluntary basis by non-experts. And finally, to what extent the opinions in the statements and utterances were allowed to guide the propositional work.

Results show that the statements and utterances were submitted by authorities, chapter, county administrative boards and religious, non-profit and political organizations as well as different types of schools, representatives from the Board of Education and elementary school boards not a part of county councils or other types of associations. Government authorities, chapter and county administrative boards were given priority in the proposition and it was their opinions that the proposition came to rely on. The rest were seen as “guiding” rather than deciding factors, and then only selectively, as they were generally lumped together and treated collectively. Most of the time, their opinions were not heard, and when they were it was usually to support and corroborate decisions already made by the decision making and implementing instances.

The aim of this study was to examine whether children’s rights in deciding on compulsory care (LVU) could be fulfilled by prevailing Swedish legislation, taking into account the principle of the childs best interest. The focus of the study was to explore how the principle of the best interest of the child is considered in decisions on compulsory care. This was done by examining the child’s right to be heard during the court process and if the childs opinions and will is taken into account when deciding on LVU. I used a legal dogmatic method to analyze the U.N. convention of the rights of the child (article 3 and article 12) as well as the Swedish law sections LVU, SoL and FB. This study was based on a case study with eight compulsory care cases settled in the Swedish ”Kammarrätt”. All reviewed cases were in accordance to 2 § LVU and the age criteria for the children was between ten to fourteen years old. The result has given an insight in the different ways a child is heared during court process, some children got to express their opinions themselves and some children ́s opinions were expressed through their representative or the social welfare board ́s investigation. The children ́s opinion and their will was noted to a degree in most cases,while in some cases the children ́s opionions and will (especially siblings) was contradictory, the court had to base their judgments on what was considered to be the best interests of the child.

Urban form in special geographical conditions: a case study in Kenting National Park. Chih-Hung Chen¹, Chun-Ya Chuang¹ ¹Department of Urban Planning, National Cheng Kung University E-mail: chihhungchen@mail.ncku.edu.tw Keywords: Kenting National Park, special geographical conditions, Historico-Geographical approach, morphotope Conference topics and scale: City transformations Since the land surface is heterogeneous, the natural landscape as an essential element in contemporary morphological studies becomes the initial factor in the formation of a settlement. Moreover, the interaction with natural landscape, built form and the boundary matrix can illuminate ecological perspective on the form of the city. (Scheer, 2016) To understand the urban form under special geographical conditions, a case study is conducted in Kenting National Park, which is a tropical area with rich landscape such as moutains, lakes and rivers, plains, basins, and surrounded by seas. An analytical approach based on Historico-Geographical approach (Kropf, 2009; Oliveira, 2016) is applied in this paper. After identifying the scope of 42 settlements, there are three outer shape types such as compact, scattered, linear. Then, three kinds of morphotopes (Conzen, 1988) can mainly be figured out by comparing the combination between streets, buildings and plots: i) Detached, duplex houses on small plots along the access road; ii) Attached buildings on small plots along the main road; iii) Villas or hotels on large plots along the main road. Finally, the relationship between the larger plan units (Conzen, 1960) and the geographical conditions shows that the homogeneous configuration of plan units corresponds to the certain landscape. On the other hand, this article seeks to find out the impacts and changes caused by special geographical conditions in consequence of the landscape affects not only the formation of urban form but the evolution because its influence on socio-economic conditions. References Conzen, M. R. G. (1960) Alnwick, Northumberland: A study in Town-plan Analysis (Institute of British Geographers, London). Conzen, M.R.G. (1988) ‘Morphogenesis, morphological regions, and secular human agency in the historic townscape, as exemplified by Ludlow’, in Urban Historical Geography. Recent progress in Britain and Germany, 253-272. Kropf, K. (2009) ‘Aspects of urban form’, Urban morphology 13(2), 105-20. Oliveira, V. (2016) Urban Morphology (Springer International Publishing, Switzerland), 102-111. Scheer, B. C. (2016) ‘The epistemology of urban morphology’, Urban Morphology 20, 5-17.