Дисертації з теми "VIH (virus) – Reproduction (biologie)"
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Gonzales, Baptiste. "Etudes des facteurs cellulaires et lipidiques déterminant la localisation du site d'assemblage et de bourgeonnement du VIH-1." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR3811.
Повний текст джерелаThe production pocesses of HIV-1 particle of HIV-1 particles results from the assembly of Gag Precursors at the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM) of infected cells. Gag proteins are specifically targeted to PM through interactions between MA domain and PI(4,5)P2. This study describes the role of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase type 1 (PIP5K1alpha, beta et sigma) in the late stages of HIV-1 in the context of HeLa cells. We determined that PIP5K1alpha is the principal producer of cellular PI(4,5)P2. By using a confocal microscopy approach, we followed the Gag proteins trafficking and showed that only alpha and y isoforms are required for the correct targeting of Gag to PM. Their respective inhibition leads to the accumulation of viral precursors at distinct intracellular comprtements, and decreases the release of Gag pseudoparticles in both cases. Altogether, our results highlight for the first time the crucial role PIP5K1alpha and sigma in the HIV-1 assembly and budding and provide new insights for a better understanding of the late stages of the virus replication cycle
Escaich, Sonia. "Étude quantitative et qualitative de la réplication du VIH-1 au cours des différents stades de l'infection : applications au pronostic et au suivi de traitement antiviral." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1T023.
Повний текст джерелаCheynet, Valérie. "De la détection du virus VIH-1 : protéines recombinantes et modèles cellulaires d'infection." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1T211.
Повний текст джерелаRakotobe, Dina. "Étude de la fonction de la protéine cellulaire EED dans le cycle viral du virus VIH-1." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10092.
Повний текст джерелаHuman protein EED (Embryonic Ectoderm Development) belongs to the Polycomb Group family, which act as gene silencers. EED interacts with the matrix protein of HIV-1 (MA) and Nef. We found that EED also binds to integrase (IN), and forms a ternary complex with MA and IN. This ‘menage-a-trois’ EEDIN- MA was found at the nuclar pore complexes (NPC) and in the nucleus of HIV-infected MT4 cells at early times post-infection (1. 5-6h pi). Overexpression of EED in transfected 293T cells resulted in a strong negative effect on HIV-1 yields (~ 2 log) at late times pi. This late negative effect was antagonized by Nef (and its G2A mutant), and was associated with a relocation of EED and Nef to a non-raft, pelletable cellular fraction. Cellular imaging showed that EED induced an aberrant location of clusters of NPC in the cytoplasm of 293T cells. These ectopic NPC might sequester the viral genomic RNA (gRNA), provoke a mistrafficking of gRNA, and result in a lower efficiency of virion assembly
Hemonnot, Bénédicte. "Rôle de la phosphorylation des protéines virales dans le cycle de rétrovirus VIH-1 et HTLV-1." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20143.
Повний текст джерелаRoulet, Vanessa. "Étude de l'infection du testicule humain par le VIH." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S191.
Повний текст джерелаZazopoulos, Emmanuel. "Étude de la structure et de la fonction de la protéine Nef du virus d'immunodéficience humaine de type 1." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1T078.
Повний текст джерелаVergne, Laurence. "Génotypes et phénotypes du HIV-1 en Afrique : implications biologiques et thérapeutiques de la diversité génétique." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20114.
Повний текст джерелаSirois, Mélissa. "INTERACTIONS VIH-HÔTE : Modulation de l'expression de facteurs cellulaires." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28492/28492.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMary, Catherine. "Utilisation séquentielle des sites accepteurs d'épissage lors de l'expression du provirus HIV-1 : analyse par cartographie à la RNAse." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1T236.
Повний текст джерелаMacé, Katherine. "Réplication du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (HIV-1) dans les cellules promonocytaires U937 : inhibition du cycle viral par les interférons et rôle de la protéine Tat sur la différenciation cellulaire." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1T010.
Повний текст джерелаEnnifar, Eric. "Structures cristallographiques du site d'initiation de la dimérisation de l'ARN génomique du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13163.
Повний текст джерелаBourara, Khaoula. "Mise en évidence d'un processus d'édition des ARNm rétroviraux au cours de l'expression du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28751.
Повний текст джерелаValentin, Emmanuel. "Diversité structurale des phospholipases A2 sécrétées : clonage et étude fonctionnelle de nouvelles enzymes." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE5473.
Повний текст джерелаKolb, Gaëlle. "Oligonucléotides et peptides dirigés contre l'ARN TAR du VIH-1 : expression d'un aptamère in cellulo." Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21064.
Повний текст джерелаHIV-1 contzins highly structured motifs in its RNA genome. One element refered to as TAR (Trans-Activation Responsive element) is implicated in the transactivation of viral transcription when interacting with regulatory factors. In the laboratory, we use routinely in vitro selections (SELEX) to select high affinity ligands against the TAR element. An RNA aptamer called R06 which interact tightly and specifically with TAR RNA by forming a so-called kissing complex was identified. Peptid in vitro selection by "mRNA display" and phage display were driven against TAR RNA. Beside, the efficiency of this aptamer in a cellular context was evaluated. On the one hand we expressed R06 into cells by targetting three compartments, namely, cytoplasm, nucleus and nucleolus. On the other hand, the evaluation of a HNA-modified version of R06 aptamer was conducted for the interaction with TAR RNA and for the ability to inhibit transactivation of transcription in vitro and in cellulo
Freund, Frédéric. "Utilisation des oligonucléotides antisens 2'-O-méthyl comme inhibiteurs de l'étape d'initiation de la transcription inverse du VIH-1 et du VIH-2 : étude du complexe d'initiation de la transcription inverse." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28748.
Повний текст джерелаTernois, François. "Etude structurale de l'assemblage du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine et de son inhibition." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112089.
Повний текст джерелаJossinet, Fabrice. "Etude de la dimérisation de l'ARN génomique du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 (HIV-1) : comparaison avec les virus HIV-2 et SIVsm." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13160.
Повний текст джерелаVarin, Audrey. "Transcription du VIH-1 dans le macrophage et dans les cellules promonocytaires : rôle des protéines Nef et Vpr exogènes." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESAA009.
Повний текст джерелаCartier, Christine. "Étude des protéines kinases cellulaires incorporées dans les particules virales du VIH-1 et de la phosphorylation de leurs substrats viraux." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T119.
Повний текст джерелаBenkirane, Monsef. "Rôle de la molécule CD4 dans le cycle de réplication du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 "VIH-1"." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX22076.
Повний текст джерелаChapel, Alain. "Expression différentielle du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 dans les clones lymphocytaires T humains CD4+ : implications dans les phénomènes de latence." Paris 12, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA120006.
Повний текст джерелаMenasria, Rym. "Les facteurs solubles sécrétés par les cellules B en réponse à Leishmania infantum et leurs effets sur la réplication du VIH-1." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26247.
Повний текст джерелаThe number of HIV-1/Leishmania co-infections is increasing in areas of endemicity. Visceral leishmaniasis is often caused by Leishmania infantum and is characterized by an uncontrolled parasitization of viscera. In this study, we exposed B cells from human tonsils to amastigotes of Leishmania infantum and observed an upregulation in the expression of several activation markers as well as a dose-dependent increase in the secretion of IL-10. Conditioned media from cultures of B cells exposed to Leishmania had an inhibitory effect on the activation of CD4+ T lymphocytes and on HIV-1 replication in these cells. Thus, the exposure of B cells to Leishmania promote their activation and induces the secretion of soluble factors with regulating properties that modulate replication of HIV-1 in CD4+ T cell.
Emiliani, Stéphane. "Etude de la variabilité moléculaire du virus HIV-1 : caractérisation du virus HIV-1 GER, un nouvel isolat hautement replicatif." Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON1T008.
Повний текст джерелаMavigner, Maud. "Réplication résiduelle du VIH-1 et homéostasie lymphocytaire T sous traitement antirétroviral efficace." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU30307.
Повний текст джерелаHIV-1 residual replication and CD4+ T-cell depletion are likely to persist in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. We find evidence that the residual viremia that persist in some patients despite prolonged antiretroviral therapy could be due to the release of archival virus from reservoir cells and/or ongoing virus replication. Our results also showed that the residual viremia in the poor immunological responders to antiretroviral therapy was positively correlated with the activation of their CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. The ongoing low-level virus production despite antiretroviral therapy in some patients might thus contribute to persistent immune activation. Additionally we demonstrate persistent alteration of CCR9+α4ß7+ CD4 T-cells homing to the GALT in HIV-infected patient. This lack of recruitment of CD4+ T-cells contributes to the gut mucosal damage, microbial translocation, and systemic T cell activation and could be involved in incomplete mucosal immune reconstitution
Bertine, Mélanie. "Caractérisation des virus défectifs induits par APOBEC3F/3G dans l'infection VIH-2." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC202.
Повний текст джерелаHIV-2 infection represents a model of attenuated retroviral infection. In HIV-1, APOBEC3F/3G cellular proteins introduce mutations in viral genome that could lead to defective and/or hypermutated viruses. This activity is counteracted by the Vif viral protein. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of APOBEC3F/3G editing in HIV-2 in vivo sequences. Direct sequencing of vif and pol regions was performed on proviral HIV-2 DNA of 82 antiretroviral-naïve and 71 treated patients in virological failure included in the ANRS C05 HIV-2 Cohort. Hypermutated viruses were identified using Hypermut2. 0 program. HIV-2 total DNA quantification was assessed using real-time PCR assay. We showed for the first time a high level of APOBEC3F/3G editing in HIV-2 sequences with 23% of defective vif proviral sequences. A group effect was observed with a significantly higher level of APOBEC3F/3G editing in group B than in group A sequences. Several HIV-2 Vif polymorphisms, known critical in vitro in Vif-APOBEC3 interactions were exclusively detected in defective proviruses from antiretroviral-naïve patients. No difference could be evidenced between patients harboring defective and non-defective viruses regarding immuno-virological parameters. Total HIV-2 DNA levels were significantly higher in treated than in antiretroviral-naïve patients. We showed for the first time a significant positive correlation between HIV-2 total DNA and plasma RNA levels in treated patients
Fenard, David. "Étude de l'effet inhibiteur des phospholipases A2 secrétées sur la réplication du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE5458.
Повний текст джерелаSimard, Sébastien. "Étude sur l'effet de l'activation du TLR4 des macrophages humains sur la réplication du VIH-1." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23816/23816.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAbdouni, Ahmed. "Contrôle de l’expression du VIH-1 par les complexes associés au facteur de transcription Iws1." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB073.
Повний текст джерелаNo abstract
Ben, M'Barek Najoua. "La résistance de la protéase du VIH-2 : une approche phénotypique à l'aide de la levure." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20716.
Повний текст джерелаThe viral protease constitutes a major target of the anti-HIV therapy. The emergence of resistant viruses during the treatment is related to the appearance of mutations in the gene of the viral protease. My objective was to work out an original strategy to determine the mutations conferring resistance to the treatments. This strategy is based on the lethal effect of the protease expression in the yeast and its reversion by the addition of inhibitors in the culture medium. We thus could define (I) the phenotype of resistance of the VIH-2 proteases arising from patients in therapeutic failure, (II) the mutations in the VIH-2 protease conffering a resistance to two major inhibitors, starting from a bank of an aleatory mutations proteases, and (III) the molecular bases of the viral protease action in the yeast. All together, our results show that the yeast is an excelent tool for the study of the HIV resistance to the antiretroviral agents
Minoui, Adissa. "Intérêt de la biologie moléculaire dans le diagnostic des mycobactérioses à M. Avium chez les patients infectés par le VIH." Brest, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BRES3052.
Повний текст джерелаBrou, Hermann Armel. "Sexualité et procréation face au VIH/sida à Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H018.
Повний текст джерелаIn this research, we analysed sexual and chiLdbearing behaviours changes in erea of HIV, among HIV-infected women and HIV-negative women, to whom counselling and testing were proposed in a prevention of mother-to-child of HIV programmes in Abidjan. From 2001 to 2005, 580 HIV-infected women and 400 HIV-negative women were followed-up on two different cohorts during 24-months post-partum. Prenatal HIV-testing allowed to increase women’s awareness of risks of HIV transmission. But in spite of this growing awareness, women were not systematically adopted preventive behaviours. In the risk management of HIV, women’s behaviours seem to be linked to information they give to theirs partners and their conjugal relationship
Vigneault-Edwards, Jimmy. "Régulation des gènes de l'hôte par les microARN dérivés de l'élément TAR du VIH-1." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29666/29666.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаVidricaire, Gaël. "Étude des étapes précoces du cycle de réplication du virus d'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 dans les cellules trophoblastiques: vers une compréhension de la transmission materno-foetale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23548/23548.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMore than two million children under fifteen years of age are currently living with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) worldwide and 90% of these infections are associated with mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of this retrovirus. Women, particularly those of child-bearing age, are highly susceptible to HIV-1 infection. In spite of available antiretroviral treatments to prevent MTCT, only a minority of infected women have access to these treatments. Hence, vertical transmission of HIV-1 is an alarming public health issue for both current and future generations. One of the postulated models for how HIV-1 is transmitted by the mother is foetal contamination. However, the mechanisms underlying such an event are poorly understood. In particular, the process whereby HIV-1 may directly infect trophoblasts, the structural cells of the placenta, is unknown. In this thesis, we have studied the early events associated with HIV-1 life cycle in trophoblasts, the first step towards infecting a target cell. Our data demonstrate that the mechanism whereby HIV-1 infects trophoblasts is unusual for this retrovirus. Upon contact with these cells, HIV-1 is rapidly and massively endocytosed. We have tracked the step-by-step movements of incoming particles and found that HIV-1 traffics primarily towards late endosomes, via Rab5 and Rab7. Surprisingly, although this transit leads to the degradation of the majority of the internalized virions, it is necessary for HIV-1 to establish a productive infection in these cells. In addition, we found that endocytosis of HIV-1 in these placental cells relies on a clathrin-, caveolae- and dynamin-independent pathway that requires free membrane cholesterol. Finally, viral entry occurs in the absence of the viral envelope glycoproteins, gp120 and gp41, suggesting that HIV-1 undergoes fusion within the endosomes via the host cell machinery. Collectively, the data presented in this thesis describe a novel infection pathway for HIV-1. An understanding of this unique process is essential if we are to learn how to control MTCT and/or find alternate solutions to existing antiretroviral drugs.
Deval, Jérôme. "Mécanismes de suppression de la résistance de la transcriptase inverse du VIH-1 aux analogues de nucléotides." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX11006.
Повний текст джерелаGobeil, Lise-Andrée. "Étude de l'endocytose du VIH-1 dans les macrophages dérivés de monocytes humains." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29453/29453.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBasta, Beata. "Nouvelles molécules antivirales ciblant la protéine de la nucléocapside du virus VIH-1." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00868465.
Повний текст джерелаCorbeau, Pierre. "Effets sur le cycle de replication du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine dans la cellule T d'anticorps monoclonaux anti-CD4 et anti-HLA de classe I et de la lectine jacaline." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON1T001.
Повний текст джерелаBertin, Jonathan. "Rôles des leucotriènes dans l'infection du système nerveux central par le VIH-1." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29315/29315.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSt-Pierre, Christian. "Rôle de la galectine-1 dans la pathogenèse du VIH-. Mécanisme d'action de la galectine-1 et inhibition." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28856/28856.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRopers, Delphine. "Etude expérimentale du rôle des protéines SR dans la régulation de l'épissage de l'ARN du virus HIV-1, responsable de l'immunodéficience humaine, et modélisation mathématique de ces régulations." Nancy 1, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2003_0177_ROPERS.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSplicing is a key step for virus HIV-1 multiplication. Four donor and eight acceptor splicing sites are used in combinaison to produce about 40 mRNAs. We showed that the acceptor sites A1 to A5 are differentially regulated by the SR proteins ASF/SF2, SC35, 9G8 and SRp40 (regulator of cellular splicing). Our deep study of the regulation at site A3 shows the presence of a splicing activatory element, ESEt, that binds both the SC35 and ASF/SF2 proteins. We also showed that protein SC35 binds the ESS2 inhibitory element, and compete protein hnRNP A1 for binding to this site. We showed that regulation of site A3 by the SR proteins is conserved in SIVcpz virus and HIV-1. Based on our experimental results, mathematical models simulating splicing regulations at site A3 and competition of the A3-A7 sites, respectively, were established by the team of A. Bockmayr (LORIA, Nancy)
Langon, Tania. "Clonage, séquençage et caractérisation des propriétés biologiques d'une souche très pathogène du virus de l'hépatite delta." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T288.
Повний текст джерелаLiégeois, Florian. "Diversité génétique et histoire naturelle des virus de l'immunodéficience simienne." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20035.
Повний текст джерелаSimian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) are found in an extensive number of African primates. It is now well established that SIVs from chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) in West central Africa and from sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys) in West Africa are the progenitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2, respectively. To date humans continue to be exposed to these viruses by hunting and handling primate bushmeat. In this thesis, we aimed to identify and characterize full-length genome of new SIVs in three different primate species: Miopithecus talapoin (SIVtal) from Cameroon and captive animals, Western red colobus (SIVwrcPbb and SIVwrcPbt) from West Africa (Senegal and Côte d'Ivoire) and olive colobus from the Taï forest national park in Côte d'Ivoire, in order to further document the natural history of primate lentiviruses and to evaluate the SIV prevalence within the Western red colobus from the Taï forest in Côte d'Ivoire. Phylogenetic analyses of full-length genomes of these viruses confirmed that each of them represents a new SIV lineage. We observed a significant clustering of the SIVtal lineage with the Cercopithecus-specific SIVs and SIVtal and Cercopithecus-specific SIVs share functional motifs specific of these viruses. We also showed that western red colobus are the natural hosts of SIVwrc and that SIVolc, isolated from an olive colobus, is related to SIVwrc. Overall, SIVwrc and SIVolc are related to the SIV from Lhoest lineage and are related to the divergent SIVcol isolated from mantled guereza in Cameroon, in the 5'part of the pol gene. We also present the first molecular epidemiological survey of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVwrc) in wild-living western red colobus monkeys which are frequently hunted by the human population and represent a favourite prey of western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus). We showed a minimal prevalence of 26% among the individuals sampled. Overall, these results highlight once more the complexity of the natural history and evolution of primate lentiviruses. We showed that wild-living red colobus represent a substantial reservoir of SIVwrc. Moreover, because of their frequent association with other monkey species, the predation pressure exerted by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) and by poachers around and inside the park, simian to simian and simian to human SIVwrc cross-species transmission cannot be excluded illustrating the need for surveillance of primate pathogens and their cross-species transmissions in this part of Africa and elsewhere
Kuenemann, Mélaine. "Etude de l'espace chimique des modulateurs d'interactions protéine-protéine et leurs applications en chimie biologie." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC215.
Повний текст джерелаProtein-protein interactions (PPI) represent a wealth of potential therapeutic targets. However targeting them with synthetic compounds represent a major challenge. The aim of this thesis was to find a way to overcome these challenges by studying the physicochemical profile of PPI inhibitors (aka chemical space). We firstly manually collected structures, pharmacological and physicochemical profiles of inhibitors of PPI (iPPI) in a database named iPPI-DB. Then, we identified new iPPI properties to favour and that did not preclude further drug development. Indeed, 4 descriptors were found specific to iPPI and that do not rely on the hydrophobicity and on the size. They represent either the 3D shape of the compounds or the distribution of their hydrophobic/hydrophilic interacting regions. This opens new ways to design and select iPPI. In a second analysis, we further validated these properties on larger datasets and address the disparity between PPI families. We could demonstrate that comparable classes of PPI targets can identified using separately their target- or their ligand-space. This analysis may help to prioritize the desired physicochemical properties of iPPI using class-specific profiles. Finally, using a combination virtual screening and cell viability assay, we were able to identify 6 compounds that inhibit the interaction between TRAIL and DR5 implied in HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
Uzzan, Mathieu. "Etude de la biologie des lymphocytes B et du mécanisme d'action du vedolizumab dans la rectocolite hémorragique et au cours de l'infection chronique à VIH." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7065.
Повний текст джерелаUlcerative Colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that leads to chronic inflammation of the rectum and the colon. Even though it is commonly accepted that it results from an exaggerated immune response toward the gut microbiota, the pathophysiology is still not fully understood. Among immune defects, many evidences exist supporting a disturbed B cell system, including the presence of (auto-)antibodies and the infiltration of the lamina propria by plasma cells. Using multiple advanced techniques including single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell BCR sequencing we extensively characterized the B cell compartment in the blood and the intestinal mucosa of UC patients. We found that the colonic plasma cells phenotype was skewed toward an increased expression of IgG and IgA1 and an increased proportion of short-lived plasma cells. This increased turnover was reflected in the blood by the expansion of ?7+ plasmablasts, which correlated with disease activity and predicted disease course. Our second work focused on the mechanism of action of vedolizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the ?4?7 integrin, for both IBD and HIV. In a unique cohort of patients with concomitant IBD and HIV, we unexpectedly found that memory T cells within the lamina propria were not significantly affected. Conversely, lymphoid aggregates, mostly in the terminal ileum were massively impacted. These findings are being further explored and may change the paradigm regarding the mechanism of action of vedolizumab
Taha, Nedal. "Interaction du domaine nucleocapside de la polyprotéine Gag du VIH-1 avec la protéine cellulaire Unr : implication sur la traduction IRES-dépendante du virus." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ028/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) nucleocapsid protein (NC), as a mature protein (NCp7) or as a domain of the polyprotein Gag, plays several important roles in both the early and late phase of the infection. NC is a nucleic acid chaperone protein with two zinc fingers. We searched for new cellular protein partners of NCp7 and identified the RNA binding protein Unr, Upstream of N-ras, whose interaction with both Gag and NCp7 was confirmed. Unr interaction with Gag is RNA dependent and mediated by its NC domain. Unr is an ITAF (IRES trans-acting factor) regulating the translation driven by several IRESs. The HIV-1 genomic mRNA harbors two IRESs elements: one of them found within the HIV-1 5’-Untranslated region drives HIV-1 mRNA translation when the cap-dependent translation is diminished due to the infection-induced cell cycle arrest. Using a dual luciferase assay, Unr was shown to act as an ITAF, increasing the HIV-1 IRES dependent translation. Point mutations of the HIV-1 IRES in a consensus Unr binding motif were found to alter both the IRES activity and its activation by Unr suggesting a strong dependency of the IRES on Unr. Unr stimulation effect is furthermore counteracted by NCp7, but not by Gag overexpression, which increases the IRES activity in an additive manner to Unr suggesting a differential Unr effect on the early and late phases of the infection. Finally, knockdown of Unr in HeLa cells leads to a decline in infection by a non-replicative lentivector proving its functional implication in the early phase
Mateo, Mathieu. "Etude du rôle de la protéine VP24 dans la réplication , la pathogénicité et l'adaptation du virus Ebola." Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENSL0611.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD work highlight the critical role of the Ebola virus VP24 protein in the development of fatal hemorrhagic fevers associated with Ebola virus infections. Indeed, we have demonstrated that the acquisition of Ebola virus pathogenicity in the guinea-pig model is associated with modifications in the VP24 protein. We have identified two domains in VP24 which allow the virus to control the innate immune system and we have demonstrated that the adaptative mutations do not affect the IFN-antagonist function of VP24. Adaptative modifications in VP24 lead to a reduced interaction with the cellular KPNA1 protein and to a better interaction with viral components, allowing the proper assembly of infectious virus particles in the primary intected cells. We also identified a new function for VP24 in the control of the oxidative stress response
Deforges, Jules. "Etude des mécanismes moléculaires de l'initiation de la traduction de l'ARN génomique du VIH-1." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05P602.
Повний текст джерелаPrimate lentiviruses genomic RNA can serve both as an mRNA that encodes for Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins and as a propagated genome. We previously reported the presence of an IRES activity embedded within Gag coding region itself that drives the production of several isoforms of the Gag polyprotein and that is conserved in HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIVmac. In addition, in vitro reconstitution experiments revealed that the initial step of initiation complex formation is the recruitment of the 40S ribosomal subunit and eIF3. The structural and functional conservation amongst lentiviruses indicates that those properties are important for the virus cycle. In order to define the RNA structural determinants responsible for the formation of IRES/eIF3/40S ternary complex, we have been following functional and biochemical approaches in parallel. Our results indicate that 2 distinct binding sites for the ribosome are present close to the 2 AUG codons used as initiation site for the translation. Further biochemical analyses have shown that 2 ribosomes can be recruited by the same RNA molecule. In order to determine the functional role of the IRES activity on gag translation, we assayed in vitro the translation efficiency of mutants unable to recruit the ribosome. In parallel, we have been following a drug screening strategy to identify small molecules that would inhibit the ribosome recruitment. This approach could pave the way to the definition of the IRESgag as a new therapeutic target, and to the identification of new drugs
Germon, Stéphanie. "Utilisation du modèle de l'hépatite B du canard pour la détermination de l'activité antivirale du L-FMAU et l'étude de la biologie de mutants de résistance à la lamivudine." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T274.
Повний текст джерелаSuchaud, Virginie. "Conception, synthèse et activités biologiques de nouveaux inhibiteurs de fonctions enzymatiques du VIH-1 en séries quinoléine et isoquinoléine." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10198.
Повний текст джерелаSince it appeared in the eighties, AIDS has been responsible for the death of more than 25 million people and has become the most challenging pandemic of the 21st century. Multi-therapies can achieve a significant reduction of the viral load in HIV-1 infected patients but is noticeably limited by the emergence of multidrug resistant viral strains. New strategies aimed at inhibiting virus replication are still necessary. In 2007, the FDA approved raltegravir, the first drug inhibiting the HIV-1 integrase (HIV-1 IN). It led to strongly encouraging clinical results but resistant viral strains have already appeared. The laboratory was interested in the synthesis of two series of new HIV-1 enzymatic functions inhibitors: integrase and ribonuclease H of reverse transcriptase. These two key steps of the viral replication are promoted by structurally-related catalytic cores, which are able to chelate two magnesium cations. First, we decided to investigate a series of 3-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-ones. Herein we present the synthesis of these compounds, their magnesium chelating properties and their biological activities (integrase and RNase H inhibitory activities, viral replication inhibition and cytotoxicity on MT-4 cells). Then, we developed a series of 2-hydroxyisoquinolin-1,3-diones which inhibits integrase with different profiles from that of raltegravir. The synthesis and biological activities of this series will be described. Finally, docking studies were made to better understand structure/activities relationships