Статті в журналах: "Viable validity"

1

Kennedy, Robert S., and Janet J. Turnage. "Reliability Generalization: A Viable Key for Establishing Validity Generalization." Perceptual and Motor Skills 72, no. 1 (February 1991): 297–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1991.72.1.297.

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2

Ho Kim, Won, Jong Gyu Park, and Bora Kwon. "Work Engagement in South Korea." Psychological Reports 120, no. 3 (March 14, 2017): 561–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294117697085.

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This study aims to validate Korean versions of the 9-item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, testing for its factor pattern validity through Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis, reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity. The 9-item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale was translated according to the guidelines of the International Test Commission and tested with two Korean samples. First, the Exploratory Factor Analysis found that both two-factor and three-factor solutions were viable options with the first sample. Second, comparison validations of these two solutions were tested by confirming the dimensionality of their structures through the Confirmatory Factor Analyses with the second sample, with the conclusion that the three-factor model solution was the most parsimonious model. Finally, the three-factor model of the 9-item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale was demonstrated to have good discriminant validity and convergent validity, as well as internal consistency of its subscales.

3

Ермаков, Станислав, Stanislav Ermakov, Сергей Илькевич, Sergey Ilkevich, Вера Шлапак, and Vera Shlapak. "IT strategies for tourist and service companies: analyzing challenges, approaches, and validity." Services in Russia and abroad 8, no. 3 (May 28, 2014): 106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/4103.

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The article provides an analysis of the major approaches, technologies, and challenges to molding an IT strategy for tourist and service companies. The authors touched upon the central aspects of the role which information technologies play in service and tourist management, service-focused orientation of data systems, methodological issues of service modeling, essential and viable lines of IT penetration, and the economic feasibility of strategic decisions.

4

Bamossy, Gary, Marilyn Johnston, and Michael Parsons. "The Assessment of Aesthetic Judgment Ability." Empirical Studies of the Arts 3, no. 1 (January 1985): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/1u13-u2db-0be3-a4fn.

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This article presents evidence for reliability and validity for the Aesthetic Judgment Ability (AJA) test. The test is a relatively easy to administer measure of aesthetic ability in judging paintings. Initial findings demonstrate strong evidence for test stability and acceptable internal consistency. It appears to be sensitive in discriminating between groups with clear evidence of criterion-group validity and discriminant validity. The cognitive-developmental perspective of the instrument provides a viable basis for explaining differences in aesthetic judgment. It is potentially useful as a pre-posttest assessment in courses of art education and, in conjunction with other measures, may also be useful in improving understanding of reactions to art.

5

Ramalho, Maria Cecília Koehne, and Juliana Barreiros Porto. "Validity Evidence of the Team Psychological Safety Survey." Psico-USF 26, no. 1 (January 2021): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712021260114.

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Abstract The objective of this study was to adapt and investigate validity evidence for the Team Psychological Safety Survey for Brazil and to test its feasibility to emerge at the team level. A sample of 8,310 female workers answered the scale. Initial analyses indicated the single-factor solution fitness, with Cronbach’s alpha = 0.84. Confirmatory factor analysis model obtained good fitness coefficients, CFI = 0.995, RMSEA = 0.07. Emersion was viable due to group variance identified by and ICC calculations. The hypothesis stated that psychological safety correlates with perceived organizational practices and that differences exist between men and women’s practices. Findings support that the good practices positively related to psychological safety, with differences between gender, while a negative relationship with bad practices was partially confirmed. A quadratic trend was identified between organizational status and psychological safety. Results provide validity evidence for the survey for samples of Brazilian women.

6

Nasser, A. M., Y. Tchorch, and B. Fattal. "Validity of serological methods (ELISA) for detecting infectious viruses in water." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 5-6 (March 1, 1995): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0632.

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Detection of cultivable enteric viruses in environmental water samples in tissue culture is time consuming and expensive. Moreover, some important enteric viruses grow very slowly (Hepatitis A virus) or do not grow as yet (Norwalk) in tissue culture. Therefore, sensitive serological and molecular methods have been developed to simplify and speed the detection of viruses in environmental samples. This study was conducted to test the reliability of serological methods to monitor the presence of viable viruses in natural waters. The study was performed with poliovirus purified in CsCl gradients and impure virus. Poliovirus 1 either purified or impure was seeded in raw wastewater, groundwater and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and incubated for 20 days at 4°C, 20°C and 30°C. Virus survival was monitored by a nylon filter A-ELISA and plaque-assay in BGM cells. In all water samples at 4°C, no die-off was observed neither by A-ELISA nor by plaque-assay. In wastewater and groundwater at 20°C and 30°C, greater die-off was observed with A-ELISA than with plaque-assay. Purified poliovirus was undetectable by the A-ELISA after two days of incubation at 20°C in wastewater and groundwater, whereas under the same conditions, only 2log10 reduction were observed in the titer of poliovirus 1. The data of this study have shown that in all cases, a positive test by A-ELISA was also positive by the plaque-assay. Therefore, a positive result of A-ELISA indicates the presence of viable virus in natural waters.

7

Bhagwat, Ranjit, Shalonda Kelly, and Michael C. Lambert. "Exploratory Factor Analysis of African Self-Consciousness Scale Scores." Assessment 19, no. 1 (March 9, 2011): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191111398314.

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This study replicates and extends prior studies of the dimensionality, convergent, and external validity of African Self-Consciousness Scale scores with appropriate exploratory factor analysis methods and a large gender balanced sample ( N = 348). Viable one- and two-factor solutions were cross-validated. Both first factors overlapped significantly and were labeled “Embracing African Heritage.” The second subscale of the two-factor solution was labeled “Refusal to Deny African Heritage.” Only the structural validity of the first factor of the two-factor solution was fully consistent with prior findings. Partial evidence of convergent validity was found for all factors, and only the second factor of the two-factor solution received external validity support. Implications for usage of the African Self-Consciousness Scale and recommendations for further investigation are discussed.

8

Stinson, Lisa F., Michelle L. Trevenen, and Donna T. Geddes. "The Viable Microbiome of Human Milk Differs from the Metataxonomic Profile." Nutrients 13, no. 12 (December 13, 2021): 4445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13124445.

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Bacteria in human milk contribute to the establishment of the infant gut microbiome. As such, numerous studies have characterized the human milk microbiome using DNA sequencing technologies, particularly 16S rRNA gene sequencing. However, such methods are not able to differentiate between DNA from viable and non-viable bacteria. The extent to which bacterial DNA detected in human milk represents living, biologically active cells is therefore unclear. Here, we characterized both the viable bacterial content and the total bacterial DNA content (derived from viable and non-viable cells) of fresh human milk (n = 10). In order to differentiate the living from the dead, a combination of propidium monoazide (PMA) and full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used. Our results demonstrate that the majority of OTUs recovered from fresh human milk samples (67.3%) reflected DNA from non-viable organisms. PMA-treated samples differed significantly in their bacterial composition compared to untreated samples (PERMANOVA p < 0.0001). Additionally, an OTU mapping to Cutibacterium acnes had a significantly higher relative abundance in PMA-treated (viable) samples. These results demonstrate that the total bacterial DNA content of human milk is not representative of the viable human milk microbiome. Our findings raise questions about the validity of conclusions drawn from previous studies in which viability testing was not used, and have broad implications for the design of future work in this field.

9

Kim, Hyung-Kwan, Yong-Jin Kim, Sung-A. Chang, Song-Yi Kim, Ho-Joon Jang, Whal Lee, Jin-Shik Park, et al. "Clinical Validity of Longitudinal Pre-Ejectional Myocardial Velocity for Identifying the Transmural Extent of Viable Myocardium." Circulation Journal 71, no. 12 (2007): 1904–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1253/circj.71.1904.

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10

Costa, Cicero Luciano Alves, Nadia Cristina Valentini, Emanuel Moita Do Nascimento, and Herbert Ugrinowitsch. "Validity and reliability of the volleyball serve accuracy-test." Journal of Human Sport and Exercise 19, no. 2 (April 1, 2024): 570–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.55860/jj2b1p83.

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This study aimed to examine the content, face, and sensitive validity, and test-retest reliability of a volleyball overhand serve accuracy-test. Four experts – university professors evaluated the content validity; 50 volleyball coaches, teachers, and athletes were enrolled in the face validity. Thirty-three undergraduate students (18 experienced and 15 novices) participated in the study to assess the test capability to detect different performance levels. The sensitive validity was examined by comparing differences in the serving accuracy among experience levels using the t-test for independent samples. A cluster analysis (hierarchical cluster) was conducted using the between-groups linkage method and the Euclidean quadratic distance measure. The test-retest reliability was analysed using intraclass correlation coefficients and the standard error. Satisfactory results were found for experts’ agreement regarding the test’s accuracy and content validity. Face validity was adequate regarding clarity, pertinence, and applicability (78% to 86% of agreement). A high degree of test-retest reliability was observed for both novices (ICC = 0.81) and experienced (ICC = 0.84) participants; experienced group (p = .001) had higher means. The volleyball serve accuracy-test is a viable alternative to assess beginners’ performance in a teaching-learning context.

11

Hamilton, Martin A., Kelli Buckingham-Meyer, and Darla M. Goeres. "Checking the Validity of the Harvesting and Disaggregating Steps in Laboratory Tests of Surface Disinfectants." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 92, no. 6 (November 1, 2009): 1755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/92.6.1755.

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Abstract A chemical disinfectant against surface-associated bacteria typically uses carriers (e.g., glass disks) that are purposely contaminated with bacteria prior to disinfection. After disinfection, the bacteria are harvested by mechanically separating them from the carrier surface to form a suspension of cells in a dilution tube. Bacterial clumps in the tube are disaggregated using mechanical or chemical techniques, thereby creating a well-mixed suspension of single cells suitable for enumeration. Efficacy is quantified by comparing the viable cell count for a disinfected carrier to the viable cell count for sham-disinfected (control) carrier. A test is said to be biased (invalid) if the observed efficacy measure is systematically higher or lower than the true efficacy. It is shown here for the first time that the bias attributable to the harvesting and disaggregating steps of a disinfectant test can be measured. For some conventional biofilm harvesting and disaggregating techniques, laboratory checks showed either negligible bias or important bias, depending on the disinfectant. Quantitative bias checks on the harvesting and disaggregating steps are prudent for each combination of carrier material, microorganism, and disinfectant. The quantitative results should be augmented by microscopic examination of harvested disinfected and control carriers and of the disaggregated suspensions.

12

Kumar, S. "An explorative look at Jerusalem syndrome and its validity?" European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.851.

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IntroductionThe aim of the explorative study poster is to look into the phenomenon of psychotic disorder/manifestations collectively termed as Jerusalem syndrome – a psychotheological condition characterized by temporary psychosis like symptoms upon visiting Jerusalem.AimThe primary aim is to explore the theories pertaining to the possible causes and psychopathology involved in Jerusalem syndrome with a view to contextualize their credibility and weightage against the extant evidence in neurological science. It would also look at the possible treatments used.MethodA detailed literature search has been undertaken to identify variety of case reviews and publications about Jerusalem syndrome and case interviews of psychiatrists in Jerusalem: dealing with neurological, psychological explanations of the condition; have been proposed by psychiatrist or psychologist and neurologists as a possible psychopathological manifestation.DiscussionThe results are synthesized and presented in a tabular form. The discussion expands on the various theories and their relevance with a view to establish the nosological validity of the condition and the viable treatment models available.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

13

Umar, Adeeba, and Ram Naresh Saraswat. "Novel Divergence Measure Under Neutrosophic Environment and Its Utility in Various Problems of Decision Making." International Journal of Fuzzy System Applications 9, no. 4 (October 2020): 82–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijfsa.2020100104.

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This article develops a novel divergence measure for single valued neutrosophic sets with its validity proof to overcome the incapability of the existing divergence measures. The properties of proposed novel divergence measure for single valued neutrosophic sets are also discussed. Practical applications of proposed novel divergence measure for decision making in company selection and medical investigation are demonstrated through numerical illustrations. The comparison of novel divergence measure with the existing divergence measures under a neutrosophic environment is presented and the verification of validity test criteria is given to show that the proposed novel divergence measure is more intelligible and viable which works effectively than the other existing ones.

14

Yanar, Hilmi, Mustafa Salti, Oktay Aydogdu, Irfan Acikgoz, and Erol Yasar. "Galactic entropy in extended Kaluza–Klein cosmology." Modern Physics Letters A 31, no. 06 (February 21, 2016): 1650038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732316500383.

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We use a Kaluza–Klein model with variable cosmological and gravitational terms to discuss the nature of galactic entropy function. For this purpose, we assume a universe filled with dark fluid and consider five-dimensional (5D) field equations using the Gamma law equation. We mainly discuss the validity of the first and generalized second laws of galactic thermodynamics for viable Kaluza–Klein models.

15

Stahl, Sarah T., and Salvatore P. Insana. "Caloric expenditure assessment among older adults: Criterion validity of a novel accelerometry device." Journal of Health Psychology 19, no. 11 (July 1, 2013): 1382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105313490771.

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Criterion validity of a novel accelerometry device that measures caloric expenditure (Fitbit) was evaluated against a self-report estimation of caloric expenditure (Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors) in older adults. Community Health Activities Model Program for Seniors and Fitbit estimates of total caloric expenditure per day were significantly correlated ( r = .61, p < .05). Bland–Altman plots indicated that 70 percent of participants’ data were within 1 standard deviation of the mean difference between measures. These preliminary findings suggest that the Fitbit may be considered a viable instrument for measuring daily caloric expenditure among older adults. However, further work is required to determine the optimal measurement technique for caloric expenditure among older adults.

16

Sharif, M., and Ayesha Sarwar. "Thermodynamics of anisotropic emergent universe in nonlinear electrodynamics." Modern Physics Letters A 31, no. 22 (July 14, 2016): 1650129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732316501297.

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In this paper, we study the emergent universe (EU) with interacting fluids in the background of Bianchi type I (BI) universe model. For this purpose, we consider polytropic equation of state (EoS) which constitutes three non-interacting fluids. In order to check the viability of the cosmological models, we take a two-fluid model interacting with dust fluid and a three-fluid model in which each fluid has nonlinear EoS interacting at [Formula: see text]. It turns out that both models are realistic cosmological viable. We also check the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSLT) for EU with interacting fluids. Finally, we study its validity in the framework of nonlinear electrodynamics (NLED) on apparent horizon.

17

Moore, Justin B., Nathanael G. Mitchell, Marcus W. Kilpatrick, and John B. Bartholomew. "The Physical Self-Attribute Questionnaire: Development and Initial Validation." Psychological Reports 100, no. 2 (April 2007): 627–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.100.2.627-642.

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The Physical Self-attribute Questionnaire was developed for use in conjunction with the Physical Self-perception Profile to model cognitive facets of perceived competence, certainty, importance, and discrepancy from ideal to each of the physical subdomains measured by the latter (Strength, Attractive Body, Condition, and Sport). To this end, two studies were conducted. Study 1 examined the factor structure, test-retest reliability, and validity of the questionnaire in a sample of 154 (28 men, 126 women) undergraduate health students. Reliability and validity were acceptable, and confirmatory factor analysis indicated good fit for a four-factor solution. In Study 2, the reliability, validity, and factor structure was again confirmed in a sample of 120 (83 men, 37 women) undergraduate students recruited from exercise classes. Results of these two studies suggest that the Physical Self-attribute Questionnaire is a viable tool to measure the underlying cognitive facets of subdomain-specific physical self-esteem.

18

Zuckert, Michael. "The Fullness of Being: Thomas Aquinas and the Modern Critique of Natural Law." Review of Politics 69, no. 1 (January 22, 2007): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670507000307.

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Interest in natural law theory regularly revives but the question of whether Aquinas' classic version is viable depends on whether his doctrine has the resources to respond to the classic early modern critiques that were made of it. It is argued that he does have the resources to so respond, although the response pushes the ultimate philosophic question back to the issue of the validity of his natural theology.

19

Suherman, Suherman, and Tibor Vidákovich. "Adaptation and Validation of Students’ Attitudes Toward Mathematics to Indonesia." Pedagogika 147, no. 3 (December 30, 2022): 227–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2022.147.11.

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In this study, it is aimed to psychometrically evaluate of students’ attitudes toward mathematics inventory in secondary education (ATMSE). The validity of the model’s four-factor structure was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability values for the four subscales ranged between 0.79 and 0.89 both consistency reliability using Crbα and composite reliability using ω. ATMSE is a viable instrument for assessing students’ attitudes toward mathematics in Indonesia.

20

Philipse, Martien W. G., Maarten W. J. Koeter, Cees P. F. Van Der Staak, and Wim Van Den Brink. "Reliability and Discriminant Validity of Dynamic Reoffending Risk Indicators in Forensic Clinical Practice." Criminal Justice and Behavior 32, no. 6 (December 2005): 643–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854805279946.

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This study examines the psychometric properties of the 47-item Clinical Inventory of Dynamic Reoffending Risk Indicators, developed for use in forensic inpatient mental health settings. By incorporating risk factors suggested by clinicians, the instrument provides a viable alternative to the preponderance of static predictors in most risk assessment tools. Interrater and test-retest reliability and discriminant validity were evaluated in a prospective design under naturalistic clinical conditions. It was concluded that reliability levels were similar to those of a widely used comparable tool, the Historical/Clinical/Risk Management scheme. For clinical use, a multiple-rater consensus procedure is nevertheless recommended. The instrument was shown to discriminate accurately between a group of recently admitted, high-risk patients and a lower risk group about to be discharged.

21

Afrahamiryano and Dewi Ariani. "ANALISIS VALIDITAS BUKU AJAR UNTUK SISTEM PERKULIAHAN E-LEARNING PADA MATA KULIAH KIMIA DASAR DI FKIP UMMY SOLOK." JURNAL EKSAKTA PENDIDIKAN (JEP) 1, no. 2 (December 8, 2017): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jep.v1i2.55.

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E-learning lecture system is a lecture system that has been the talk of the world for several years. With regard to this e-learning process, there will still be teaching materials that are made. Teaching materials in the form of material for one semester published through e-learning media. Each teaching material needs to go through the validation process. So far, teaching materials created by lecturers only to support the lecture process, not many lecturers who validate the teaching materials given to students. The importance of validation of teaching materials is necessary to see the suitability of teaching materials to business / industry needs, so that the teaching materials are appropriate and suitable for use in learning. Therefore, the research is conducted to determine the validity of this resource. The formulation of the problem in this research is how the validity of basic chemistry textbook content for e-learning lecture system in FKIP UMMY Solok? To answer the problem formulation used R & D research method using 4D development model. The content validation of Textbook is done by expert consideration method and for data analysis of expert consideration result, used CVR index developed by Lawshe. Validation of this textbook aims to see the suitability of the content or substance of teaching materials. Triangulation results of expert consideration data obtained information that the validity of Basic Chemistry Basic textbook relevant / viable in terms of content and can be used for e-learning lecture system.

22

Abdel-Khalek, Ahmed M. "MEASURING HAPPINESS WITH A SINGLE-ITEM SCALE." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 34, no. 2 (January 1, 2006): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2006.34.2.139.

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This study examined the accuracy of measuring happiness by a single item (Do you feel happy in general?) answered on an 11-point scale (0–10). Its temporal stability was 0.86. The correlations between the single item and both the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI; Argyle, Martin, & Lu, 1995; Hills & Argyle, 1998) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985; Pavot & Diener, 1993) were highly significant and positive, denoting good concurrent validity. Moreover, the single item had a good convergent validity because it was highly and positively correlated with optimism, hope, self-esteem, positive affect, extraversion, and self-ratings of both physical and mental health. Furthermore, the divergent validity of the single item has been adequately demonstrated through its significant and negative correlations with anxiety, pessimism, negative affect, and insomnia. It was concluded that measuring happiness by a single item is reliable, valid, and viable in community surveys as well as in cross-cultural comparisons.

23

Amirkhan, James H. "A Brief Stress Diagnostic Tool: The Short Stress Overload Scale." Assessment 25, no. 8 (October 6, 2016): 1001–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191116673173.

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The Stress Overload Scale (SOS) has demonstrated validity in predicting pathological stress reactions; however, at 30 items, it is lengthy for some clinical applications. Here, two studies tested a 10-item SOS–Short (SOS-S). First, the SOS-S was compared with the SOS in a longitudinal community study ( n = 391), using indices of pathology as criterion measures. Results showed the SOS-S to be equivalent to the SOS in reliability and concurrent and predictive validity, although not quite as sensitive to somatic symptoms. Second, the SOS-S was compared to the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale in a cross-sectional community study ( n = 249), in which symptoms and response biases were also assessed. Results showed both measures to be susceptible to biasing, and the SOS-S to demonstrate superior validity when biases were controlled. The SOS-S appears a viable alternative to the SOS and the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale for assessing stress, and risk for sequelae, across a broad demographic spectrum.

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Faroni, Marco, Manuel Beschi, Nicola Pedrocchi, and Antonio Visioli. "Viability and Feasibility of Constrained Kinematic Control of Manipulators." Robotics 7, no. 3 (July 23, 2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics7030041.

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Recent advances in planning and control of robot manipulators make an increasing use of optimization-based techniques, such as model predictive control. In this framework, ensuring the feasibility of the online optimal control problem is a key issue. In the case of manipulators with bounded joint positions, velocities, and accelerations, feasibility can be guaranteed by limiting the set of admissible velocities and positions to a viable set. However, this results in the imposition of nonlinear optimization constraints. In this paper, we analyze the feasibility of the optimal control problem and we propose a method to construct a viable convex polyhedral that ensures feasibility of the optimal control problem by means of a given number of linear constraints. Experimental and numerical results on an industrial manipulator show the validity of the proposed approach.

25

Galante, Francesco, Fabrizio Bracco, Carlo Chiorri, Luigi Pariota, Luigi Biggero, and Gennaro N. Bifulco. "Validity of Mental Workload Measures in a Driving Simulation Environment." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (August 19, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5679151.

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Automated in-vehicle systems and related human-machine interfaces can contribute to alleviating the workload of drivers. However, each new functionality can also introduce a new source of workload, due to the need to attend to new tasks and thus requires careful testing before being implemented in vehicles. Driving simulators have become a viable alternative to on-the-road tests, since they allow optimal experimental control and high safety. However, for each driving simulator to be a useful research tool, for each specific task an adequate correspondence must be established between the behavior in the simulator and the behavior on the road, namely, the simulator absolute and relative validity. In this study we investigated the validity of a driving-simulator-based experimental environment for research on mental workload measures by comparing behavioral and subjective measures of workload of the same large group of participants in a simulated and on-road driving task on the same route. Consistent with previous studies, mixed support was found for both types of validity, although results suggest that allowing more and/or longer familiarization sessions with the simulator may be needed to increase its validity. Simulator sickness also emerged as a critical issue for the generalizability of the results.

26

Samar, Vincent J., and Dale Evan Metz. "Criterion Validity of Speech Intelligibility Rating-Scale Procedures for the Hearing-Impaired Population." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 31, no. 3 (September 1988): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3103.307.

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The criterion validity and reliability of two popular rating-scale procedures for the assessment of the contextual speech intelligibility of hearing-impaired individuals (The NTID Scales) were studied under clinically typical conditions of test administration and evaluation. The criterion measure was a write-down procedure based on subjects' readings of sentence lists chosen from The CID Everyday Sentence lists. Although the results revealed generally high overall validity and reliability coefficients for the two scales, a close examination of the distribution of estimation error over the full range of rating-scale values revealed gross violations of measurement prediction within the clinically most frequent midrange of speech intelligibility. The results indicate that the rating-scale procedure significantly compromises clinical and research classification of an individual's speech intelligibility and that write-down procedures may provide a viable and significantly more accurate alternative for speech intelligibility assessment.

27

Kontogianni, E., S. Nikolaropoulos, I. Soussis, A. Gougoulakis, A. Ploumidis, G. Alivizatos, and V. Kontopoulos. "P-015. ICSI with immotile spermatozoa: validity of the hypo-osmotic swelling test in the selection of viable spermatozoa." Human Reproduction 12, Suppl_2 (June 1997): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/12.suppl_2.127-a.

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28

Weichert, J., M. Gembicki, and D. R. Hartge. "P01.04: When you see nothing at all: validity of multiplanar reconstruction of the retronasal triangle view in viable & non-viable dystrophic fetuses in late 1st and early 2nd trimester." Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology 44, S1 (September 2014): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.13990.

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Oslund, Eric L., Shanna Hagan-Burke, Deborah C. Simmons, Nathan H. Clemens, Leslie E. Simmons, Aaron B. Taylor, Oi-man Kwok, and Michael D. Coyne. "Predictive Validity of Curriculum-Embedded Measures on Outcomes of Kindergarteners Identified as At Risk for Reading Difficulty." Journal of Learning Disabilities 50, no. 6 (August 23, 2016): 712–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022219416664866.

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This study examined the predictive validity of formative assessments embedded in a Tier 2 intervention curriculum for kindergarten students identified as at risk for reading difficulty. We examined when (i.e., months during the school year) measures could predict reading outcomes gathered at the end of kindergarten and whether the predictive validity of measures changed across the kindergarten year. Participants consisted of 137 kindergarten students whose reading development was assessed four times from October to February. Measures aligned with content taught in the curriculum and assessed a range of phonologic, alphabetic, and word-reading skills. Results from structural equation modeling indicate that 36.3% to 65.2% of the variance was explained on the latent decoding outcome and 62.0% to 86.8% on the latent phonological outcome across the four time points. Furthermore, the predictive validity of specific skills increased over the kindergarten year, with more complicated tasks (e.g., word segmentation) becoming more predictive at subsequent measurement occasions. Results suggest that curriculum-embedded measures may be viable tools for assessing and predicting reading performance.

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Bäckström, Martin, Fredrik Björklund, and Magnus R. Larsson. "Criterion Validity is Maintained When Items Are Evaluatively Neutralized: Evidence from A Full–Scale Five–Factor Model Inventory." European Journal of Personality 28, no. 6 (November 2014): 620–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.1960.

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The original version and an evaluatively neutralized version (with items rephrased to reduce popularity) of a personality inventory were compared. The results revealed (i) similar criterion validity across three different sets of self–rated behaviours, (ii) stronger relations to the rated social desirability of criteria for the original version and (iii) less correlation between factors for the neutralized version. We take the results to indicate that evaluative neutralization is a viable technique for reducing social desirability in self–ratings. Implications for test construction are discussed. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology

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Fulmer, Russell, and Jordan Kezele. "Behavioral science licensure: Merit and applications." Psychological Thought 11, no. 2 (October 31, 2018): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/psyct.v11i2.283.

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This article provides an overview of occupational licensure as applied to the behavioral sciences. Licensure enactment is inherently an interdisciplinary phenomenon with educational, ethical, and community welfare implications. The aim of the current study is to conduct a review of the literature pertaining to licensure and compare the findings with the ethics code of the American Counseling Association. The results reveal that the common reasons given for licensure are of questionable validity. Voluntary certification is suggested as a viable alternative.

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Chia, Michael, and Jamie M. Lim. "Concurrent Validity of Power Output Derived from the Non-motorised Treadmill Test in Sedentary Adults." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 37, no. 4 (March 15, 2008): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v37n4p279.

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Introduction: Many consider the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) as a reference standard assessment mode in the measurement of lower limb short-term power output. However the WAnT is criticised for having low ecological validity, in non-cycling tasks and is reliant on a pre-determined applied force, which might not elicit the highest power output. A viable alternative to the WAnT is the Non-Motorised Treadmill (NMT) Test, which allows for power measurement in all-out intensity effort sprint-running. With the reliability of the NMT to elicit power in sedentary adults already established, the aim was to compare peak power (PP) and mean power (MP) derived from a 10-s sprint on the NMT to that derived from a 10-s WAnT, to establish concurrent validity. Materials and Methods: Twelve male [age 26.6 ± 2.4 years, body mass (BM) 63.0 ± 7.2 kg] and 11 female (age 25.3 ± 3.6 years, BM 51.0 ± 4.0 kg) sedentary adults participated in the study. PP and MP in absolute, ratio-scaled and allometrically-scaled to BM were analysed. Ratio limits of agreement (LOA) was used to establish the agreement between PP and MP from the NMT and the WAnT. Results: PP in absolute and ratio-scaled to BM from the NMT was between 1.04 and 1.12 times that of PP from the WAnT in 95% of the attempts (PP: NMT, 647.1 ± 176.4W vs WAnT, 597.0 ± 146.0W). MP in absolute and ratio-scaled to BM from the NMT test was between 0.88 and 0.97 times of that from the WAnT (MP: NMT, 508.9 ± 130.7W vs WAnT, 548.7 ± 131.3W). Power produced on the NMT and the WAnT by sedentary adults shared moderate and acceptable levels of agreement. Conclusions: These results affirmed that the NMT could be considered as a viable alternative to the WAnT for the assessment of PP and MP in all-out intensity sprint-running lasting 10 s in sedentary adults. Key words: Ratio limits of agreement, Validity, Wingate Anaerobic Test

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Sun, Ruopeng, Roberto G. Aldunate, and Jacob J. Sosnoff. "The Validity of a Mixed Reality-Based Automated Functional Mobility Assessment." Sensors 19, no. 9 (May 11, 2019): 2183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19092183.

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Functional mobility assessments (i.e., Timed Up and Go) are commonly used clinical tools for mobility and fall risk screening in older adults. In this work, we proposed a new Mixed Reality (MR)-based assessment that utilized a Microsoft HoloLensTM headset to automatically lead and track the performance of functional mobility tests, and subsequently evaluated its validity in comparison with reference inertial sensors. Twenty-two healthy adults (10 older and 12 young adults) participated in this study. An automated functional mobility assessment app was developed, based on the HoloLens platform. The mobility performance was recorded with the headset built-in sensor and reference inertial sensor (Opal, APDM) taped on the headset and lower back. The results indicate that the vertical kinematic measurements by HoloLens were in good agreement with the reference sensor (Normalized RMSE ~ 10%, except for cases where the inertial sensor drift correction was not viable). Additionally, the HoloLens-based test completion time was in perfect agreement with the clinical standard stopwatch measure. Overall, our preliminary investigation indicates that it is possible to use an MR headset to automatically guide users (without severe mobility deficit) to complete common mobility tests, and this approach has the potential to provide an objective and efficient sensor-based mobility assessment that does not require any direct research/clinical oversight.

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Jiménez-Rodríguez, Diana, María Teresa Belmonte García, Jesús Arcos García, and Gracia Castro-Luna. "Development and Validation of a Social Media Questionnaire for Nursing Training: A Pilot Study." Healthcare 9, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9030344.

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Background: Social media platforms are integrated into the lives of students. Their use in education has been studied, but this research is scarce in nursing. The objective of this study was to develop and validate the questionnaire “Use and views of the social media for nursing education” through a pilot study, to describe the use and attitudes of nursing students to social media. Methods: Cross-sectional design to validate the modified scale “Students’ Use and Views of the Social Media questionnaire.” The sample consisted of 107 undergraduate nursing students. Results: The factor analysis extracted three main components to explain social media use for nursing education, with component 1 being the “Need to use media in my professional training,” component 2—“To deepen my professional knowledge” and component 3 “Contrast information.” High reliability was demonstrated with Chronbach’s alpha value (0.84). Conclusion: The final tool was proven to have high validity and reliability values, so it is positioned as a viable tool to explore this reality. Students use social media for education in a high proportion and have positive attitudes regarding their education inclusion.

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Prescott, Christopher. "Is there an alternative to the nation state?" Archaeological Dialogues 23, no. 1 (May 20, 2016): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203816000052.

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AbstractAcademic developments, migration and other forces of globalization have ruptured the validity of traditional national and ethnic archaeology in the Scandinavian states. However, this does not mean that the relationship between nation states and archaeology has come to an end. In reference to Norway, this article contends that on a practical level there is no viable alternative to replace the nation state. In terms of archaeological narratives, it is more relevant to adapt archaeological narratives to the evolving state than to advocate abandoning the nation state altogether.

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Sievert, Alexander, Alexander Witzki, and Marco Michael Nitzschner. "Reliability and Validity of Low Temporal Resolution Eye Tracking Systems in Cognitive Performance Tasks." International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction 10, no. 1 (January 2018): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmhci.2018010103.

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Eye tracking experiments are an important contribution to human computer interaction (HCI) research. Eye movements indicate attention, information processing, and cognitive state. Oculomotor activity is usually captured with high temporal resolution eye tracking systems, which are expensive and not affordable for everyone. Moreover, these systems require specific hard- and software. However, affordable and practical systems are needed especially for applied research concerning mobile HCI in everyday life. This study examined the reliability/validity of low temporal resolution devices by comparing data of a table-mounted system with an electrooculogram. Gaze patterns of twenty participants were recorded while performing a visual reaction and a surveillance task. Statistical analyses showed high consistency between both measurement systems for recorded gaze parameters. These results indicate that data from low temporal resolution eye trackers are sufficient to derive performance related oculomotor parameters and that such solutions present a viable alternative for applied HCI research.

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Purwati, Yeni, Buyung Buyung, and Relawati Relawati. "PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA SISWA (LKS) BERBASIS PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) PADA MATERI MATRIKS SISWA KELAS XI MIA SMAN 6 KOTA JAMBI." Jurnal Ilmiah Dikdaya 8, no. 1 (May 7, 2018): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/dikdaya.v8i1.103.

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Abstract: This study aims to develop LKS and knowing the quality of the LKS developed in the aspect of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The development of this LKS done on the material matrix of Class XI MIA SMAN 6 city of Jambi. This type of research is the development of research or Research & Developmet (R&D). This study refers to the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development or Production, Implementation or Delivery and Evaluations). Assessment instruments used in this development is LKS by expert validation sheet material, design experts, media experts, the evaluation sheet, pre-test and post test. The quality of LKS onaspects of validity views based on validation by experts that is meets the criteria is very good and very viable with overall average 4.14 as well as the overall percentage of 82.9%. On the practicality of views based on the results of the evaluation of field trials by students that is meet the criteria of good and viable with average 4.00 sera overall percentage of 81%. While on the effectiveness of views based on a calculation t count (th) from the results of pre-test and post-test earned amounting to 23.39 and t table (tt) of 2.02 so th greater than tt. This shows that the hypothesis was accepted and acknowledged there were significant differences between the pre-test and post-test. Calculation based on the development of LKS based PBL was declared effective.Keywords: Student Worksheet (LKS), Matrix, Development, Problem Based Learning (PBL).

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Cotsomitis, John A. "Is the learning economy a viable concept for understanding the modern economy?" International Journal of Social Economics 45, no. 3 (March 5, 2018): 492–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-01-2017-0025.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the conceptual adequacy of the learning economy and its ability to describe the modern globalised economy. It is argued that unlike many fleeting catchwords and phrases found in economics, the learning economy represents a superior conceptual and heuristic starting point that reflects a new and emerging economic regime. Design/methodology/approach The paper examines those features of the learning economy which makes it a useful conceptualization and highlights some preconditions that are functional for its emergence. The paper then assesses the empirical validity of the learning economy and gauges its performance across 16 EU countries. Findings The learning economy represents a viable and useful concept in economics and the broader social sciences, which synthesizes recent attempts to depict what is new in the world economy into an internally coherent whole while overcoming previous shortcomings. It reflects a tangible reality that has taken hold most firmly in a small but significant part of the world, the Nordic countries of Northwestern Europe. Social implications Because it has already emerged in some advanced countries, the learning economy offers a concrete exemplar for other countries to emulate. If one has to ask people and communities to sacrifice, save and invest for the future, it is more convincing to do so for a concrete and credible future that does exist than for some conjectural future. Originality/value The paper uses an epistemological perspective to analyse the concept of the learning economy as articulated by Bengt-Äke Lundvall.

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Mendelsohn, Marissa E., Denise M. Connelly, Tom J. Overend, and Robert J. Petrella. "Reliability and Validity of Responses to Submaximal All-Extremity Semirecumbent Exercise in Older Adults." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 15, no. 2 (April 2007): 184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.15.2.184.

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Although popular in clinical settings, little is known about the utility of all-extremity semirecumbent exercise machines for research. Twenty-one community-dwelling older adults performed two exercise trials (three 4-min stages at increasing workloads) to evaluate the reliability and validity of exercise responses to submaximal all-extremity semirecumbent exercise (BioStep). Exercise responses were measured directly (Cosmed K4b2) and indirectly through software on the BioStep. Test–retest reliability (ICC2,1) was moderate to high across all three stages for directly measured METs (.92, .87, and .88) and HR (.91, .83, and .86). Concurrent criterion validity between the K4b2and BioStep MET values was moderate to very good across the three stages on both Day 1 (r= .86, .71, and .83) and Day 2 (r= .73, .87, and .72). All-extremity semirecumbent submaximal exercise elicited reliable and valid responses in our sample of older adults and thus can be considered a viable exercise mode.

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Blowers, Geoffrey H., and John Bacon-Shone. "On Detecting the Differences in Jazz: A Reassessment of Comparative Methods of Measuring Perceptual Veridicality." Empirical Studies of the Arts 12, no. 1 (January 1994): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/xgv5-frf6-56gl-l5lv.

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This article reports an extension of the jazz studies of Holbrook and Huber, which compared individuals' perceptions of music with its objective characteristics. One of their major findings was that a compositional approach to the data, i.e., one that used multiple discriminant or factor analysis provided a better statistical fit to objective features such as style, and key, than did a decompositional method which used a map derived by multidimensional scaling. They concluded that the compositional approach enables a more accurate assessment of perceptual veridicality. However, there is a confounding in their studies of the type of statistical analysis employed with the response mode allowed the subjects, which draws into question the validity of their conclusions. The study reported here assesses the relative merits of the type of statistic and mode of response separately. Its findings support the use of repertory grid as a viable tool in musical perception studies in which under appropriate conditions multiple discriminant analysis and multidimensional scaling are equally viable statistical procedures.

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Crespo, Cristian. "Beyond Manipulation: Administrative Sorting in Regression Discontinuity Designs." Journal of Causal Inference 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 164–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jci-2019-0009.

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Abstract This paper elaborates on administrative sorting, a threat to internal validity that has been overlooked in the regression discontinuity (RD) literature. Variation in treatment assignment near the threshold may still not be as good as random even when individuals are unable to precisely manipulate the running variable. This can be the case when administrative procedures, beyond individuals’ control and knowledge, affect their position near the threshold non-randomly. If administrative sorting is not recognized it can be mistaken as manipulation, preventing fixing the running variable and leading to discarding viable RD research designs.

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Yasni, E., and C. G. Carrington. "Off-Design Exergy Audit of a Thermal Power Station." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 110, no. 2 (April 1, 1988): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240096.

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A second-law state analysis procedure, having on-line capability, has been implemented at a fossil-fueled power station at Huntly, N.Z. The analysis fully integrates the combustion and steam processes in order to provide a viable understanding of the influence of operating parameters on the distribution of losses within the plant. The procedures do not rely significantly on manufacturer’s performance data and the validity of the audit is substantially verifiable. Examples of audit data are presented, including operation with and without the top heater and a comparison of throttle and sliding pressure control.

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Schmitt, David P. "Measuring sociosexuality across people and nations: Revisiting the strengths and weaknesses of cross-cultural sex research." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, no. 2 (April 2005): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05440054.

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My response to the commentaries highlights three main points. First, the Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (SOI) has demonstrated adequate reliability and validity across dozens of studies, and it deserves its reputation as a useful measure of basic human mating strategies. Second, the sampling limitations of the International Sexuality Description Project (ISDP) do not negate the conclusion that sex differences in sociosexuality are likely universal across cultures. Third, the ISDP results support several theories of human sexuality, although some are based on faulty assumptions that render them less viable than others.

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Castiblanco Jimenez, Ivonne Angelica, Laura Cristina Cepeda García, Federica Marcolin, Maria Grazia Violante, and Enrico Vezzetti. "Validation of a TAM Extension in Agriculture: Exploring the Determinants of Acceptance of an e-Learning Platform." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 4672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104672.

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Supporting education and training initiatives has been identified as an effective way to address Sustainable Development Challenges. In this sense, e-learning stands out as one of the most viable alternatives considering its advantages in terms of resources, time management, and geographical location. Understanding the reasons that move users to adopt these technologies is critical for achieving the desired social objectives. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) provides valuable guidelines to identify the variables shaping users’ acceptance of innovations. The present study aims to validate a TAM extension designed for FARMER 4.0, an e-learning application in the agricultural sector. Findings suggest that content quality (CQ) is the primary determinant of farmers’ and agricultural entrepreneurs’ perception of the tool’s usefulness (PU). Furthermore, experience (EXP) and self-efficacy (SE) shape potential users’ perceptions about ease of use (PEOU). This study offers helpful insight into the design and development of e-learning applications in the farming sector and provides empirical evidence of TAM’s validity to assess technology acceptance.

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Yao, Zhiqiu, Pei Nie, Xinxin Zhang, Chao Chen, Zhigao An, Ke Wei, Junwei Zhao, et al. "Establishment and Validation of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT–MIR) Methodology for the Detection of Linoleic Acid in Buffalo Milk." Foods 12, no. 6 (March 12, 2023): 1199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12061199.

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Buffalo milk is a dairy product that is considered to have a higher nutritional value compared to cow’s milk. Linoleic acid (LA) is an essential fatty acid that is important for human health. This study aimed to investigate and validate the use of Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy (FT-MIR) for the quantification of the linoleic acid in buffalo milk. Three machine learning models were used to predict linoleic acid content, and random forest was employed to select the most important subset of spectra for improved model performance. The validity of the FT-MIR methods was evaluated in accordance with ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines using the accuracy profile method, and the precision, the accuracy, and the limit of quantification were determined. The results showed that Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is a suitable technique for the analysis of linoleic acid, with a lower limit of quantification of 0.15 mg/mL milk. Our results showed that FT-MIR spectroscopy is a viable method for LA concentration analysis.

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Mörtberg, Ewa, and Markus Jansson Fröjmark. "Psychometric Evaluation of the Social Phobia Inventory and the Mini-Social Phobia Inventory in a Swedish University Student Sample." Psychological Reports 122, no. 1 (January 29, 2018): 323–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294118755097.

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Social anxiety is common in the general population, as well as among students in higher education. For screening of social anxiety, there is a need for brief scales. In the present study, the psychometric properties were examined in a Swedish version of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and the Mini-Social Phobia Inventory (Mini-SPIN) in a university student sample ( n = 161). In addition to the SPIN and Mini-SPIN, participants completed measures of fear of public speaking, general anxiety, depression, and quality of life. Exploratory factor analyses were used to investigate the underlying dimensions of the SPIN, and reliability, convergent, and divergent validity of SPIN and Mini-SPIN were examined by Cronbach’s alpha and correlation analyses. It was found that a shorter eight-item version of the SPIN was associated with two solid factors ( fear and avoidance of social interaction and fear and avoidance of criticism), and acceptable internal consistency, convergent, and divergent validity. In addition, the Mini-SPIN was associated with satisfactory convergent validity, but the reliability was not acceptable. It is concluded that the SPIN-8 is a viable screening tool for social anxiety in a university student population.

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Puche Regaliza, Julio César, Alfredo Jiménez, and Pablo Arranz Val. "Viable system model structuring of success factors in software projects." International Journal of Managing Projects in Business 10, no. 4 (September 5, 2017): 897–919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmpb-08-2016-0068.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the principal success factors of a software project structured upon the basis of the viable system model (VSM). Design/methodology/approach To do so, an exploratory empirical analysis is conducted of a set of software projects, in which the degree of compliance with the requirements set down by the VSM and the success rating of their development are identified. Findings The results of the study indicate that the most influential factors in achieving global viability in a software project are the local environment, the organizational units and the intelligent system. Building on those factors, a mathematical prediction model is developed, reaching an accuracy of 63.16 percent in its predictions. Research limitations/implications The authors wish to point out that due to the number of projects employed in the statistical analysis, the results have to be interpreted with caution and are of an exploratory nature. Practical implications The authors seek to show that the VSM is an extremely useful tool for the management of software projects and, by extension, projects of a general nature. The authors therefore suggest that knowledge of VSM would be of incalculable value for managers wishing to manage projects successfully and to survive in such a complex and rapidly changing environment as the software project environment is. Its application allows us to diagnose and to detect the critical factors to achieve such success. Social implications In addition, the research seeks to increase the universality of VSM, contributing to a better understanding of it and a better and greater formalization of it in favor of its acceptance and its practical use, seeking in this way to palliate some critical principals related to its abstraction and limited applicability and to increase its rigor and validity as an instrument for the diagnosis and the design of viable organizations. Originality/value The novelty of this study is therefore principally found in the application of the VSM to the organizational structure of a software project in such a way that it allows us to detect key factors in its success. Besides, building on the validation of this proposal through the completion of a quantitative empirical analysis, this study also offers a prediction mathematical model that relates key factors with the success of the project.

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Hui Lim, Jia, LIM KUANG HOCK, Sumarni Mohd Ghazali, Heng Pei Pei, Cheong Yoon Ling, Lim Hui Li Hock, Kee Chee Cheong, Goh Yee Lin, and Ng Khuen Yen. "Construct validity and reliability of Malay Language-perception towards smoking questionnaire (BM-PTSQ) among secondary school adolescents." International Journal of Public Health Research 12, no. 01 (February 28, 2022): 1486–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/ijphr.1201.2022.02.

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Introduction: Multitude studies have shown perception is an integral factor associated with smoking, However, no such tool was available in Malay language. In this study, we established a Bahasa Malaysia version of PTSQ (BM-PTSQ) and tested the validity and reliability among secondary school adolescents. Methods: The English version of PTSQ originally consists of 12 items. It was translated into Bahasa Malaysia and back-translated again into English to check for consistency. After face validity (face-to-face query) was determined among 20 secondary school adolescents, only 10 items were included in the survey. Construct validity was established from 407 school adolescents through random selection in the same locality. More than 60% of the respondents were female, a majority (67.3%) were schooling in rural areas. Then, the reliability of the questionnaire was determined with Cronbach’s alpha. Results: EFA has grouped PTSQ into two components, they are associated with either knowledge or attitude towards smoking. The variance and Cronbach’s alpha for the first and second component were 38.24% and 0.861 (7 items) and 21.62% and 0.661 (3 items) respectively. Conclusion: The PTSQ showed good validity and reliability for measurement of perception in smoking among school adolescents in Malaysia, thus this is a viable measurement tool. More importantly this study shows an urgent need to improve the smoking education among adolescents in Malaysia.

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Cousley, Richard, Hiroyuki Naora, Minesuke Yokoyama, Minoru Kimura, and Hiroki Otani. "Validity of the HfmTransgenic Mouse as a Model for Hemifacial Microsomia." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 39, no. 1 (January 2002): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_2002_039_0081_vothtm_2.0.co_2.

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Objective Our comprehension of hemifacial microsomia (HFM) has been hindered by its diverse phenotype and unclear etiopathogenesis. The conventional view has been that HFM's facial defects result from embryonic hemorrhages in the region of the first and second branchial arches. A more recent model based on a transgenic mutation of a locus termed Hfm (B1 to B3 on chromosome 10) appears to provide an insight into HFM causation. This study investigated the validity of this model by examining the Hfm craniofacial phenotype and histological development of the embryonic head (E13.5 to 17.5). Results The results confirmed that although the loss-of-function mutation was transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner, the penetrance rate was significantly reduced and only Hfm heterozygotes were viable. The observations here extend the Hfm phenotype beyond microtia and jaw asymmetry to include structural and positional anomalies affecting the external auditory meatus, middle ear, cranial base, maxilla, and pharyngeal structures. Temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) development and palatal shelf fusion were also affected in a small number of cases. In addition, some Hfmembryos displayed a novel finding: transposition of the developing inner ear between the tubotympanic recess and cranial base. Conclusions These craniofacial features, especially the ear anomalies and facial asymmetry indicate that the Hfm transgenic mouse represents a useful model for the HFM-microtia spectrum. In particular, it supports the hypothesis that at least a proportion of HFM anomalies has a genetic causation mediated via mesenchymal disruptions and possibly embryonic hemorrhages.

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Barker-Collo, Suzanne L. "Concurrent Validity of the PASAT and Adjusting-PSAT in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis." International Journal of MS Care 6, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073-6.4.130.

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Impaired information processing speed (IPS) is common in multiple sclerosis (MS). Performance on the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PSAT)—the measure recommended by the United States National MS Society Task Force to track changes in IPS—does not indicate the precise speed at which IPS breaks down. A newer version of the task, the Adjusted Paced Serial Addition Test (A-PSAT), provides such an index. This study examined the relationship between PASAT and A-PSAT performance in a sample of 52 individuals with MS. Those with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) were significantly younger and had significantly lower EDSS scores than those with chronic progressive MS (CPMS). Though performance indicators for both the PASAT and A-PSAT were better for patients with RRMS, differences in performance between MS groups were not significant (P >.05). Results of comparisons between the A-PSAT and PASAT support concurrent validity of the A-PSAT. In addition, performance on the APSAT—but not the PASAT—was significantly related to functional status as measured by the EDSS. Although these findings need to be replicated, they indicate that the A-PSAT may be a viable alternative to the existing PASAT.

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