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Статті в журналах з теми "Vertical illuminance"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Košir, M., A. Krainer, M. Dovjak, and Ž. Kristl. "Automatically controlled daylighting for visual and non-visual effects." Lighting Research & Technology 43, no. 4 (July 20, 2011): 439–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153511406520.

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This is a study of daylighting in an automatically controlled office environment. The objective is to identify any correlations between horizontal and vertical illuminances and to determine if daylight controls can be applied to predict and regulate both illuminances. Two sets of real-time measurements were made, complemented by computer simulations. The results showed that the vertical illuminance at the eye depends on the portion of sky in the visual field. The average ratio between vertical and horizontal illuminances was relatively constant at 1.5, even though the external sky conditions were variable. This implies that the vertical illuminance at the eye can be predicted with acceptable level of accuracy if the horizontal illuminance on the working plane is known.

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2

Mahdavinejad, M., S. Matoor, R. Fayaz, and M. Bemanian. "Estimation of Daylight Availability and Illuminance on Vertical South Facing Surfaces in Tehran." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 1525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.1525.

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To effectively design daylight in buildings, daylight availability data are necessary. Although there is a great potential of daylight energy in Iran, its use is hindered by absence of measured data. In this paper the illuminance data on vertical south facing surfaces of Tehran were estimated using IESNA model. For this propose an illuminance measuring set was used for measuring vertical illuminances for standard times over 20 days at one minute intervals from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Then the measured data were compared with IESNA model calculated data. A regression model between measured and calculated data was developed which showed an acceptable linear correlation (r2=0.9535). Also mean hourly and monthly vertical illuminance was obtained from the new equation between measured and calculated data for a whole working year. To estimate daylight availability, frequency curves for vertical illuminance on south facing surfaces were created.

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3

Sakamoto, Shoetsu, and Kenichi Sasaki. "Semicylindrical illuminance and vertical illuminance in the street lighting." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 72, Appendix (1988): 67–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.72.appendix_67.

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4

Saraiji, Riad. "Vertical Illuminance Based Crosswalk Illumination." LEUKOS 6, no. 2 (October 1, 2009): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1582/leukos.2009.06.02005.

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5

Li, DHW, and JC Lam. "Predicting vertical luminous efficacy using horizontal solar data." Lighting Research & Technology 33, no. 1 (March 2001): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/136578280103300107.

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Daylighting is recognized as an important and useful strategy in the design of energy-efficient buildings. Daylight illuminance, particularly on vertical surfaces, plays a major role in determining and evaluating the daylighting performance of a building. Luminous efficacy approach is considered as a versatile and easily applied way to calculate outdoor illuminance. This paper presents an approach to estimate the vertical outdoor illuminance from computed vertical luminous efficacy based on the measured horizontal solar irradiance and illuminance data. Hourly data recorded from January 1996 to December 1998 in Hong Kong were used for the model development. The performance of the proposed model and two well-known anisotropic inclined surface models (Muneer and Perez) was evaluated against data measured in 1999. Statistical analysis indicated that the proposed model gives reasonably good agreement with measured data for all vertical planes. The proposed model can provide an alternative to building designers in estimating the vertical solar illuminance and irradiance where only the horizontal measurements are available.

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6

Mangkuto, RA, B. Paramita, and SS Utami. "Mitigation of even harmonics in the Fourier components of vertical illuminance around a reference point." Lighting Research & Technology 52, no. 5 (October 9, 2019): 675–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153519880584.

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The use of Fourier components analysis has been recently proposed by Lynes to describe harmonics in vertical illuminance at various azimuth angles around a reference point. In cases with multiple light sources, it has been argued that the removal of even harmonics in the resulting Fourier components may correspond with good lighting practice. This paper therefore aims to demonstrate optimisation methods to mitigate even harmonics in Fourier components of vertical illuminance around a reference point due to two and three point light sources, by adjusting maximum vertical illuminance and subtended angles between the sources using sensitivity analysis and genetic algorithms. The results suggest that the genetic algorithm method yields more precise optimum solutions compared with the sensitivity analysis method, particularly for scenes with three point sources. For two point sources, the smallest root mean square value of even harmonics is achieved when the vertical illuminance due to the second source is 0.92 (relative to the vertical illuminance due to the first source) and the subtended angle is 90°. For three point sources, the optimum vertical illuminance due to the second and third sources is respectively 0.81 and 0.78, whereas the optimum subtended angles for the second and third sources with respect to the first are 64.4° and 116.8°, respectively.

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7

Lin, Yusen, Cheng-Chen Chen, and Yasser Ashraf Gandomi. "Strategies on Visual Display Terminal Lighting in Office Space under Energy-Saving Environment." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 26, 2023): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031317.

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Анотація:

In this work, we have studied how the vertical illuminance of the human eye position, illuminance of the horizontal work surface, and the brightness of the computer screen in the office space lighting are correlated under an energy-saving environment. This investigation was conducted in a full-scale laboratory that simulates an office space with 20 adults. It was found that when the indoor ambient lighting illuminance changes, the vertical illuminance of the subject’s eye position is affected accordingly, and the two factors are strongly correlated. On the other hand, when the surrounding environment is brighter and the vertical illuminance increases, the illuminance of the horizontal working surface adjusted by the subject during the visual display terminal (VDT) operation is significantly reduced. The horizontal illuminance value can even be lower than the value frequently employed in various countries around the world, since the computer screen brightness will be adjusted accordingly. Therefore, in an energy-saving environment, the illuminance of the horizontal working surface and the brightness of the computer screen adjusted by the users will vary with the ambient lighting. Especially in the current mainstream VDT operating environment and within a certain range of conditions, the interior setting can be lower than the current horizontal illuminance benchmark for additional energy conservation.

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8

Hraška, Jozef. "Nonvisual aspects of daylight in the built environment." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1252, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1252/1/012063.

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Abstract This paper investigates melanopic equivalent daylight vertical and horizontal illuminances within an indoor space as a metric for the nonvisual effects of its lighting. The article is based on the findings of photobiological research and the recommendations of several institutions for the threshold values of melanopic illuminance at the eyes of users of indoor spaces, which is sufficient for the proper functioning of the circadian system. This study uses a computer workplace as an environment to investigate experimentally the applicability of melanopic daylight metrics for the practical evaluation of the circadian potential of the indoor daylight environment. The article points out a number of problems associated with the practical evaluation of vertical melanopic daylight illuminance in a specific space. The paper also outlines practical guidelines for designing facades and color treatment of building surfaces in terms of their circadian potential.

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9

Kito, Kazuaki, Shuntaro Higa, and Yoshiyuki Uchida. "The ratio of the vertical illuminance to the global horizontal illuminance in the clear sky." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 80, Appendix (1996): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.80.appendix_149.

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10

Edwards, Christopher J., and Ronald B. Gibbons. "Relationship of Vertical Illuminance to Pedestrian Visibility in Crosswalks." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2056, no. 1 (January 2008): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2056-02.

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11

Gibbons, Ronald B., and Jonathan M. Hankey. "Influence of Vertical Illuminance on Pedestrian Visibility in Crosswalks." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1973, no. 1 (January 2006): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198106197300113.

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12

Zhang, Jiuhong, Kunjie Lv, Xiaoqian Zhang, Mingxiao Ma, and Jiahui Zhang. "Study of Human Visual Comfort Based on Sudden Vertical Illuminance Changes." Buildings 12, no. 8 (July 29, 2022): 1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081127.

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Анотація:

Rapid changes in vertical illuminance trigger visual fatigue. Therefore, controlling the illuminance ratio of adjacent spaces can ensure the satisfaction and comfort of users. This study takes reaction time as the measure of adaptation and explores the correlation between visual adaptation and comfort in different light environments. The Landolt C ring was selected as the visual standard for the experimental test, the degree of visual comfort was assessed using a Likert scale, and experimental parameters were formulated according to relevant criteria. By analyzing the subjective visual comfort, visual task performance and physiological evaluations of the participants under different changing illuminance levels, we have concluded that there is a significant correlation between reaction time and visual comfort, and no significant effect of gender on visual comfort. Therefore, under the condition of meeting the required value of illumination standard, the smaller the illuminance ratio of adjacent rooms, the more the comfort and visual acuity of users can be guaranteed, and visual fatigue can also be avoided. The study is a useful resource for improving comfort and pleasure in a light environment as well as for lighting design.

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13

Alshaibani, K. "Finding frequency distributions of CIE Standard General Skies from sky illuminance or irradiance." Lighting Research & Technology 43, no. 4 (September 15, 2011): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153511404999.

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The CIE Standard General Sky divides the luminance distributions of skies into 15 types, ranging from overcast sky to clear sky. Finding the type of sky from the set of CIE Standard General Skies is a difficult task. This is due to the need for accurate luminance measurements over a long period of time because such data are not available in many regions around the world and to the difficulty in obtaining accurate readings for the zenith luminance. This study presents a method whereby the ratio of the vertical sky illuminance (or irradiance) on two surfaces or the ratio of vertical sky illuminance to the horizontal sky illuminance can be used to classify a sky into one of the CIE Standard General Skies.

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14

Li, D. H. W., and J. C. Lam. "Vertical solar radiation and daylight illuminance data for Hong Kong." Lighting Research and Technology 32, no. 2 (January 1, 2000): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032710003200206.

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15

Berman, S. M., D. L. Jewett, B. R. Benson, and T. M. Law. "Despite Different Wall Colors, Vertical Scotopic Illuminance Predicts Pupil Size." Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society 26, no. 2 (July 1997): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00994480.1997.10748191.

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16

De Rosa, A., V. Ferraro, D. Kaliakatsos, and V. Marinelli. "Calculating diffuse illuminance on vertical surfaces in different sky conditions." Energy 33, no. 11 (November 2008): 1703–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2008.05.009.

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17

Janjai, S., R. Wattan, and M. Nunez. "A statistical approach for estimating diffuse illuminance on vertical surfaces." Building and Environment 44, no. 10 (October 2009): 2097–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.02.018.

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18

Li, Danny H. W., Gary H. W. Cheung, K. L. Cheung, and Tony N. T. Lam. "Determination of vertical daylight illuminance under non-overcast sky conditions." Building and Environment 45, no. 2 (February 2010): 498–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.07.008.

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19

Kim, Chul-Ho, Kwang-Ho Lee, and Kang-Soo Kim. "Evaluation of Illuminance Measurement Data through Integrated Automated Blinds and LED Dimming Controls in a Full-Scale Mock-Up." Energies 13, no. 12 (June 22, 2020): 3238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123238.

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In this study, the indoor illuminance of a full-scale mock-up with LED system and external automated blinds was quantitatively evaluated by performing experiments involving integrated blinds and LED dimming controls. Actual illuminance experimental data were constructed and analyzed using commercialized blind control logic. The results revealed changes in the LED dimming ratio (turning-off ratio), and that the indoor illuminance required for the indoor space of 500 ± 30 lx could be secured in all cases when daylight was introduced according to weather conditions. It was found that because the angle and vertical position (VP) were fixed, manual blind controls could not efficiently use daylight, even though they could cut off solar radiation. When the blinds were automatically controlled in three-steps based on the exterior vertical illuminance under clear sky, the dimming rates of Zones A and B were found to be 68 and 50%, respectively. When the blinds were automatically controlled in four-steps, the dimming rates of Zone A (1.5 m from the window) and Zone B (4.5 m from the window) were found to be at 70% and 52%, respectively. If the VP and slat angle could be adjusted without lowering all the blinds, it would be possible to secure work plane illuminance, because the inflow of daylight increases, without the direct impact of direct sunlight and glare. These results indicate that integrated blinds and LED dimming controls can contribute to maintaining standard illuminance and saving lighting energy using daylight.

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20

Granados-López, Diego, Montserrat Díez-Mediavilla, M. Isabel Dieste-Velasco, Andrés Suárez-García, and Cristina Alonso-Tristán. "Evaluation of the Vertical Sky Component without Obstructions for Daylighting in Burgos, Spain." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (April 29, 2020): 3095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093095.

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Daylight availability knowledge is the first step for an energetic and visually efficient building and city design. It can be estimated with the Vertical Sky Component (VSC), which is defined as the ratio of the vertical diffuse illuminance over the unobstructed horizontal diffuse illuminance, simultaneously measured at the same point. These illuminance magnitudes are obtained from luxmeter measurements but these data are scarce. Alternatively, VSC can be obtained from prior knowledge of the sky illuminance distribution, which can be measured with a sky scanner device or by reference to the CIE (Commission Internationale de L’Éclairage) Standard classification for homogeneous skies. Both approaches are compared in this study. The coherence of the results obtained for the four cardinal orientations are analyzed by applying classical statistical parameters and luxmeter measurements as references for the results. The measurement campaign was completed between September 2016 and January 2019 in Burgos (Spain), as representative case study and specific contribution of this work. It was observed that the VSC values were higher than 100 in many cases: 21.94% for the south- and 33.6% for the east-facing vertical surfaces. The study highlights the good daylighting conditions in Burgos, mainly due to the predominance of clear skies over much of the year. This fact implies high daylight availability that, with efficient city planning and building design, could potentially lead reduction energy consumption of buildings, improvements in visual comfort, and the well-being of occupants.

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21

Ishiwata, Masaki, Takashi Saito, and Toshihiko Sakaguti. "The effect of vertical illuminance on grasping behavior of precedence car." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 83, Appendix (1999): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.83.appendix_119.

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22

Saraiji, Riad. "A Methodology for Locating the Maximum Vertical Illuminance in Street Lighting." LEUKOS 6, no. 2 (October 1, 2009): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1582/leukos.2009.06.02004.

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23

Oteiza, Pilar, and Ana Pérez-Burgos. "Diffuse illuminance availability on horizontal and vertical surfaces at Madrid, Spain." Energy Conversion and Management 64 (December 2012): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2012.05.022.

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24

Golmohamma, R., and S. Shekari. S. "Evaluation of Horizontal and Vertical Illuminance Models against Measured Data in Iran." Trends in Applied Sciences Research 4, no. 3 (March 1, 2009): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/tasr.2009.158.166.

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25

Love, J. A., and M. Navvab. "The Vertical-to-Horizontal Illuminance Ratio: A New Indicator of Daylighting Performance." Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society 23, no. 2 (July 1994): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00994480.1994.10748080.

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26

Li, Danny H. W., and Joseph C. Lam. "Measurements of solar radiation and illuminance on vertical surfaces and daylighting implications." Renewable Energy 20, no. 4 (August 2000): 389–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-1481(99)00126-3.

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27

Chirarattananon, S., P. Rukkwansuk, P. Chaiwiwatworakul, and P. Pakdeepol. "Evaluation of vertical illuminance and irradiance models against data from north Bangkok." Building and Environment 42, no. 11 (November 2007): 3894–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.11.012.

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28

Maňková, Lucia, Peter Hanuliak, and Peter Hartman. "The Influence of Selected Type of Daylight Device on Horizontal and Vertical Internal Illuminance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 824 (January 2016): 707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.824.707.

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Daylighting is one of the key parameters of internal environment generation in buildings. This parameter determines creation of suitable conditions for visual activities in internal spaces and contributes to human well-being and comfort. Daylight is also the primary stimulus for synchronizing the human circadian photobiological system. Traditional parameters and criterions based explicitly on photopic vision have been critically re-evaluated and basic principles of circadian photometry have been developed in theoretical level. Nevertheless daylighting has often been neglected or left out from the main design proposals, which are usually just focused on covering basic needs for vision tasks represented barely by the illumination limits on working plane. Because the amount of light entering the eye is the most important for circadian entrainment, the illuminance recorded on a vertical plane, at eye level, is more significant for human biological system. This paper deals with the comparison of internal horizontal and vertical illuminance recorded in 3 models of room, inserted in simulation program Radiance and illuminated by three types of lighting devices, i.e. window, light-pipes and permanent supplementary artificial lighting represented by the combination of window and light-pipes. Achieved data also express the influence of a workplace position on the amount of illuminance entering the eye according to the direction of the incoming daylight from windows in side-lit room.

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29

Petržala, Jaromír, and Miroslav Kocifaj. "Variability of Diffuse Daylight Due to the Diversity of Cloud Arrays." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (October 2, 2021): 9190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11199190.

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Illuminance modeling that allows us to mimic or even replicate the dynamics of daylight changes is increasingly becoming a challenge for the development of more accurate prediction systems of natural light availability in building interiors or variations of insolation at arbitrarily oriented façades. We demonstrate that illuminance amplitude due to random cloud arrangement can vary over a wide range even when other atmospheric parameters remain unchanged. It follows from our systematic numerical modeling that diffuse illuminance predictions can be significantly improved by incorporating cloud coverage, mean cloud size, and cloud base altitude into daylight models. We show that any model of homogeneous luminance patterns would fail in modeling the illuminance amplitudes we can expect on horizontal and vertical planes under partial cloud coverage with individual clouds distributed randomly. However, these situations occur with high frequency in most of regions worldwide, thus the modeling results we obtained here are of high relevance to daylight modeling and solar energy systems as well.

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30

Li, Wei, Guang Ke Zhao, and Yan Ling Na. "An Experimental Study on the Application of Seamless Prism Light Guide." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 3089–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.3089.

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In this paper, a special lighting system that uses seamless prism light guide as main lighting component and application of the system in a high-humidity room is introduced. Experimental results show that the illuminance level and uniformity in the room has been improved greatly by the application of the guide. The average horizontal and vertical illuminance on main working plan created by the seamless light guide system is individually 74.1% and 101.8% higher than that created by the original lighting fixtures. The application of the seamless light guide system also makes the maintaining work become easier and safer.

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31

Darula, Stanislav, Richard Kittler, and Ladislav Kómar. "Simulation of luminance sky patterns predetermining daylight illuminance on vertical house fronts with windows." Solar Energy 120 (October 2015): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2015.06.025.

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32

Li, Danny H. W., Natalie T. C. Chau, and Kevin K. W. Wan. "Predicting daylight illuminance and solar irradiance on vertical surfaces based on classified standard skies." Energy 53 (May 2013): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.02.049.

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33

Suk, Jae Yong. "Luminance and vertical eye illuminance thresholds for occupants’ visual comfort in daylit office environments." Building and Environment 148 (January 2019): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.10.058.

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34

Kong, Hyo Joo, and Jeong Tai Kim. "Evaluation of global vertical illuminance and irradiance models against data from Yongin, South Korea." Energy and Buildings 91 (March 2015): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.01.025.

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35

Mahawan, Jiraphorn, and Atthakorn Thongtha. "Experimental Investigation of Illumination Performance of Hollow Light Pipe for Energy Consumption Reduction in Buildings." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020260.

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Анотація:

This work investigates the light illumination intensity, light transmission performance, light distribution on the floor, and daylight factor of vertical light hollow tubes at various incident elevation angles of a light source. The light tubes were made from commercial aluminum alloy sheets and commercial zinc alloy sheets to investigate internal illuminance for buildings and reducing the demand of electrical energy from artificial lighting. The vertical light tubes with a constant length of 0.5 m and diameters of 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30 m were designed in a testing room model, with dimensions of 1 m × 1 m × 1 m. A 20-W light-emitting diode (LED) lamp was used as the light source for the lighting simulations, which was placed away from the top of the light tube. The incident elevation angle of the light source was changed between 0° and 80° with 5° increments. It was found that the elevation angle of the incidence light had an influence on the light intensity distribution on both ends of light tube. The average illuminance performance of both material types increased with an increase of the incidence angle from 0° to 80° and an increase of the tube diameter from 0.20 m to 0.30 m. The commercial aluminum alloy tube promotes greater light transmission and daylight factor when compared with the commercial zinc alloy tube in each condition. This illuminance measurement demonstrates that the light tube could be included in the lighting systems of some deeper or windowless areas of buildings to decrease the demand of energy consumption in the lighting of buildings.

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36

Gene Hawkins, H., and Madhuri Gogula. "Assessment of Sag Curve Design Criteria considering Modern Headlamp Performance." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2060, no. 1 (January 2008): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2060-01.

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For more than 50 years, headlight sight distance has been one method for calculating the length of sag vertical curves; the others are passenger comfort, drainage control, and general appearance. The headlight sight distance is based on a 1° upward divergence of the headlamp beam. Over the past 20 years, headlamps have transitioned from being 100% sealed beam to modern replaceable bulb headlamps that project less light above the horizontal plane than the sealed-beam headlamps that are the basis for sag curve design. This paper describes theoretical and field measurements of the illuminance levels provided by sealed-beam and modern headlamps. The results of the analysis indicate that modern headlamps provide significantly less light above the horizontal than sealed-beam headlamps, indicating a potential need to modify the design equations for sag vertical curves. According to the theoretical analysis, the upward divergent headlamp angle used in the sag curve design equation should be reduced from 1° to between 0.75° and 0.90°. The field analysis indicated a significant difference in illuminance levels from the theoretical analysis, but the results also indicate a need to reduce the headlamp angle used in sag curve design.

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37

Araji, Mohamad T., and Mohamed Boubekri. "Window Sizing Procedures based on Vertical Illuminance and Degree of Discomfort Glare in Buildings Interiors." Architectural Science Review 51, no. 3 (September 2008): 252–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3763/asre.2008.5130.

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38

Pérez-Burgos, Ana, Argimiro de Miguel, and Julia Bilbao. "Daylight illuminance on horizontal and vertical surfaces for clear skies. Case study of shaded surfaces." Solar Energy 84, no. 1 (January 2010): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2009.10.019.

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Khunsriya Samerpak, Thannarasmi, Pipat Chaiwiwatworakul, and Surapong Chirarattananon. "Correlations for Estimating Vertical Daylight Illuminance through South Facing Clerestory Equipped with Anidolic Collector in Bangkok." Applied Mechanics and Materials 839 (June 2016): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.839.88.

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The subject of this article takes benefit from advanced shading technology thought the integration of anidolic collector at clerestory window of building for achieving increment of daylight flux entering into the rear area of the room. This technology is likely to investigate the influence of clerestory aperture on the performance of daylighting collector in term of the interior daylight illuminance distribution by using the lighting tool AGi32. The empirical correlations from the use of anidolic configurations for tropical sky are proposed with high confidence interval (>85%).

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Cucumo, M. A., A. De Rosa, V. Ferraro, D. Kaliakatsos, and V. Marinelli. "Predicting diffuse illuminance on vertical surfaces at Arcavacata di Rende (Italy) for various types of sky." Building and Environment 43, no. 10 (October 2008): 1678–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2007.10.011.

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Mohapatra, Badri Narayan, M. Ravi Kumar, and Sushanta Kumar Mandal. "Analysis of light tubes in interior daylighting system for building." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 710. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i2.pp710-719.

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<p>Analysis of vertical light tubes, and diffuser as daylighting system in buildings is presented. The solar light energy is directly addressed to the chosen area of the building with a light tube and diffuser guiding structure. This work highlights illuminance obtained by light tubes in a three storied office building. Field investigation with a scaled prototype, and simulations with HOLIGILM, and DIALux are analyzed. It is observed that light tubes can offer large savings in electricity usage by using natural daylight.</p>

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42

Oerkvitz, C. "The Correlation between Horizontal and Vertical North Sky Illuminance in the Range between 1 and 5 FC." Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society 21, no. 2 (July 1992): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00994480.1992.10748002.

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Kómar, Ladislav, and Miroslav Kocifaj. "Uncertainty of daylight illuminance on vertical building façades when determined from sky scanner data: A numerical study." Solar Energy 110 (December 2014): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2014.09.010.

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Ma, Guofeng, and Xuhui Pan. "Research on a Visual Comfort Model Based on Individual Preference in China through Machine Learning Algorithm." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 7, 2021): 7602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147602.

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Recently, decreasing energy consumption under the premise of building comfort has become a popular topic, especially visual comfort. Existing research on visual comfort lacks a standard of how to select indicators. Moreover, studies on individual visual preference considering the interaction between internal and external environment are few. In this paper, we ranked common visual indicators by the cloud model combined with the failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) and hierarchical technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Unsatisfied vertical illuminance, daylight glare index, luminance ratio, and shadow position are the top four indicators. Based on these indicators, we also built the individual visual comfort model through five categories of personalized data obtained from the experiment, which was trained by four machine learning algorithms. The results show that random forest has the best prediction performance and support vector machine is second. Gaussian mixed model and classification tree have the worst performance of stability and accuracy. In addition, this study also programmed a BIM plug-in integrating environmental data and personal preference data to predict appropriate vertical illuminance for a specific occupant. Thus, managers can adjust the intensity of artificial light in the office by increasing or decreasing the height of table lamps, saving energy and improving occupant comfort. This novel model will serve as a paradigm for selecting visual indicators and make indoor space be tailored to meet individual visual preferences.

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Pinthoko Nugroho. "Eﬀect of the Reﬂective Interior Elements on the Illuminance Level in Classrooms". Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Architecture 1, № 2 (29 серпня 2022): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/jarina.v1i2.6127.

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Lighting is one of the essential aspects of architectural design because it is crucial for room ambiance. Artificial and natural lighting affect the architectural element and the furniture. Using simulation tools is beneficial for measuring the reflective level of furniture elements to the room's lighting. DIALux Evo3 is computer software to support artificial and natural lighting simulation for interior spaces up to a particular room standard. This study uses the DIALux Evo3 software to conduct the trial-anderror process. The level of reflection on an interior element affects the lux value. This study will focus on the aspects of the ceiling, chairs, and table furniture using the trial and error method by simulating until a difference looms. The focus simulation focuses on setting the reflective coating in the DIALux Evo3 software on ceiling elements, chairs, and tables. The literature method examines aspects of DIALux Evo3 and the points measured in the simulation process. This simulation uses 15 lamps. This study aims to prove that the choice of paint finishing affects the results produced by the vertical illuminance (adaptive) parameter and utilizes technology in architecture. The conclusion is that interior elements such as ceilings, chairs, and tables with reflective elements affect the artificial light. The aspect with low reflectivity requires a high lux value compared to architectural and interior components with high reflectance

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Arango-Díaz, Lucas, Y. Andrea Hernandez, Hector W. Gallego, and M. Beatriz Piderit-Moreno. "DIFFERENCES IN PERCEPTION OF DAYLIGHTING SUFFICIENCY RELATED TO THE GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF UNIVERSITY CLASSROOMS." Journal of Green Building 17, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 181–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.17.2.181.

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ABSTRACT The proper consideration of daylight in indoor environments refers to guaranteeing sufficient light levels while minimizing the risks of glare. Currently, The International Organization Standardization-ISO and the International Commission on Illumination-CIE establish that, for classrooms, the proper lighting level oscillates between 300–500 lx. Despite this, there is evidence of differences in the daylighting levels perceived as sufficient. The objective of this article is to identify and to explain the differences in perception of daylighting sufficiency to perform typical reading and writing activities in four cities in Colombia with latitudes that oscillate between 3°25’18”N to 6°15’7”N: Armenia, Cali, Medellin and Manizales. A methodology that included the application of surveys to university students in classrooms was outlined; at the same time workplane illuminance was measured in the workstations and vertical illuminance at the height of the eyes of people. The results showed differences between cities in the proportion of people who perceive certain daylighting level as sufficiently illuminated. A logistic regression model showed that those differences can be explained from the global solar radiation of each city.

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Kristanto, L., W. W. Canadarma, and E. S. Wijaya. "Comparison of Shibataea kumasasa and Equisetum hyemale as vertical greenery system for thermal and light shade in student’s architectural design studio in Surabaya." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 907, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/907/1/012014.

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Abstract Vertical greenery system (VGS) is commonly used for facade shading. It has many advantages in its natural aesthetic, air filter, carbon sequestration, and many more. This research is the continuation of the previous research in 2019, which used Shibataea kumasasa as VGS. It was found that using Shibataea as VGS has reduced the indoor air temperature by 0.5-2°C on average, with 5°C maximum temperature difference. On the other hand, it decreased more light (in range 26-95%), made the illuminance of the room lower than the standard requirement. A studio room should have minimum 5% daylight factor or 500 lux, while on the room measurement, the lowest was 20 lux in the morning hours, the highest was only 200 lux in the afternoon. As an attempt to look for vegetation with better performance, this research uses another bamboo species, Equisetum hyemale to be examined and then being compared to Shibataea. The result is that for the thermal shade, Equisetum performs less effectively than Shibataea. As for light shade, the Shibataea reduces more illuminance than Equisetum, thus makes it a less favorable alternative. The balance of thermal-light effective performance maintained by the leaf area index can be the focus of future research.

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48

Yamaguchi, Haruhisa. "An Analysis of Illuminance Distribution due to Skylight incident on Interior Surfaces from Vertical window of Rectangular Parallelepiped." IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 116, no. 4 (1996): 306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms1990.116.4_306.

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Robledo, Luis, and Alfonso Soler. "Dependence on surface orientation of coefficients in the circumsolar simplified Perez illuminance model for vertical planes at Madrid." Energy Conversion and Management 39, no. 15 (October 1998): 1585–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-8904(98)00044-2.

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50

Hosseini, Seyedeh Nazli, and Iman SheikhAnsari. "A Daylight Assessment on Visual and Nonvisual Effects of Light Shelves: A Human-centered Simulation-based Approach." Journal of Daylighting 9, no. 1 (March 14, 2022): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15627/jd.2022.3.

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The contribution of daylight to a comfortable environment for occupants has been the subject of studies for years. Light shelves are known as daylight redirecting systems to enhance indoor daylight conditions. Although several research papers have focused on their daylight performance, there is a lack of studies on the performance of light shelves on circadian rhythm. In this context, daylight's biological effects on human beings have been under investigation. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the performance of light shelves in terms of visual and nonvisual effects of daylight, including circadian stimulus, visual comfort, and task performance through a multi-criteria human-centric evaluation. To this end, the authors set three following conditions if a model could provide simultaneously, the occupants would be in a comfortable space both visually and non-visually: 75% workstations with Equivalent Melanopic Lux> 250 EML concurrently with Vertical Photopic illuminance < 1500 lux, and Photopic illuminance on working plane > 300 lux. Accordingly, the light shelves with various depths, states, and orientations were simulated by ALFA to evaluate the comfort of occupants in office space over working hours. The results indicated that although applying light shelves impacted the metrics, the enhancements were minor compared to a conventional window, specifically on EML. In detail, inadequate EML levels were observed in all orientations on the simulation days. Besides, changes in the photopic illuminance at the eye and workstations levels were not substantial. Finally, the paper presents a case study that showcases simulation techniques that focus on daylighting and circadian rhythm.

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