Статті в журналах з теми "Verre de phosphate"
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1
Arnaud, C., M. Boustimi, P. Féron, G. Nunzi-Conti, and G. Righini. "Laser microsphérique en verre phosphate co-dopé erbium ytterbium : couplage avec une cavité externe." Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings) 119 (November 2004): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2004119017.
2
Ben Touila, Omar, Ferhat Rehouma, Kamel Eddine Aiadi, and Marcel Poulain. "Effet de PbCl2 sur les Propriétés d’un Verre Phosphaté." حوليات العلوم و التكنولوجيا 5, no. 2 (October 2013): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0010618.
3
SHTOMPEL’, VOLODYMYR, SERGIY SINELNIKOV, SERGIY KOBYLINSKYI, and SERGIY RIABOV. "Structure and morphology nanocomposites based on stoichiometric polyelectrolyte complexe and metalic nanoparticles silver and copper." Polymer journal 45, no. 1 (May 9, 2023): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/polymerj.45.01.079.
Анотація:
Using XRD and TEM methods structure and morphogy of nanocomposites type polymer-metal based on stoichiometric polyelectrolyte complexe (chitosan-chloride and Na-phosphate of starch – starch of milk maize that Na-threepolyphospate functionalised) and metalic nanoparticles of silver and copper vere investigated. Using FTIR-spectroscopy phosphate of starch vere identificated. Nanocomposites vere formated two methods: thermo-chemical reduced of Ag+ i Cu2+ cations (by 150 °C and 170 °C accordingly) and Cu2+ cations reduced by method green synthesis (using extracte green tea) to metalic state. Show, that in volyme of nanocomposites the metalic nanopaticles silver and copper, what acquired thermo-chemicel method, have average size 5,0 nm and 3,5 nm accordingly, whereas nanoparticles copper, what acquired by method green synthesis, have average size 12,0 nm. Little size of metalic nanoparticles copper which obtaining by thermo-chemical method in contrast to nanoparticles copper which obtained by method green synthesis, caused by action of high temperature.
4
Briones, May Anne, Rubie Ann Cataga, Cristela Cueto, Ivy Fides Perez, and Erma Quinay. "CURRENT STATUS OF THE WATER QUALITY OF VERDE ISLAND PASSAGE IN LOBO, B ATANGAS PROVINCE, PHILIPPINES." BIMP-EAGA Journal for Sustainable Tourism Development 4, no. 2 (December 12, 2015): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/bimpeagajtsd.v4i2.3185.
Анотація:
The study aimed to assess the current status of water quality of Verde Island Passage in Lobo. The researchers evaluat ed the water quality of Verde Island Passage in terms of 14 parameters such as color, turbidity, pH, temperature, DO, BOD, tss, oil and grease, nitrate, phosphate, copper, lead, mercury and total coliform which were determined using the Standard Methods fo r Examination of Water and Wastewater (SMEW). Composite water samples were taken from approximately one kilometer from the shoreline of the five sampling stations namely Brgy. Banalo, Brgy. Masaguitsit and Fabrica, Brgy. Lagadlarin and Olo olo, Brgy. Sawan g and Soloc, and Malabrigo of Verde Island Passage of Lobo. These parameters were analyzed by an accredited Analytical Testing Laboratory of Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). Results of this study were compared per sampling stations, based on the standards criteria set by the DENR and to the results the study conducted in 2009 by Gonzales et al. Results showed that the physico chemical properties in terms of color, phosphate, copper and mercury values are the same for the five sampling stations. While the values of turbidity, temperature, tss, pH, DO, oil and grease, BOD, nitrate, lead and total coliform varied. Based on the analysis of the 14 parameters, Verde Island Passage along Lobo Coast did not conform the standards set by DAO 34 90 for Class SB. The value of oil and grease in 2009 was improved as compared to its present values for each sampling station. Verde Island Passage along Lobo Coast was polluted in terms of lead.
5
Faria, Tatiana Carvalho, Matheus Vinicius Abadia Ventura, Tenille Ribeiro de Souza, Moacir Ribeiro Neto, Fernando Bonafé Sei, and Edson Luiz Souchie. "Agronomic Efficiency and Phosphate Solubilization of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bradyrhizobium japonicum in Leaf-Spray Inoculation and Seed Treatment in Soybean." Journal of Agricultural Science 14, no. 8 (July 15, 2022): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v14n8p117.
Анотація:
The use of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) that can solubilize phosphorus (P) has shown potential to improve nutrient availability in many crops such as soybean. This research aimed to evaluate agronomic efficiency and phosphorus solubilization through Bradyrhizobium japonicum and product to be registered Pseudomonas fluorescens (BR 14810) in soybean, at seed and leaf-spray inoculation. Four experiments with soybean (2020/21 crop) were installed in the following locations in the State of Goiás: Experimental Area of the Goiano Federal Institute, in Rio Verde, Bela Vista Farm, in Indiara, Bauzinho Farm, in Rio Verde, and Cachoeira Farm, in Doverlândia. The B. japonicum was inoculated in the seed of all treatments. It was tested three phosphate fertilization doses: 0, 50, and 100% recommended P dose, with and without P. fluorescens, at seed treatment and leaf-spray inoculation. The use of inoculation with P. fluorescens and B. japonicum increases nitrogen (N) content in grains and total N. The P content in dry mass, grains and total are increased using P. fluorescens and B. japonicum, confirming the ability to solubilize phosphates. Inoculation with P. fluorescens and B. japonicum is efficient for increasing shoot dry mass and productivity, can be used as a sustainable soybean management technology. Leaf-spray was more efficient than inoculation in seed treatment and can be used as an alternative mode of application. The results demonstrated that the product under test (P. fluorescens-BR 14810) can be used associated with B. japonicum, in ST or leaf-spray, resulting in increases of agronomic parameters and soybean yield.
6
Castelblanco, A. N., and L. C. Lozano. "Caracterización de bacterias con potencial para la promoción del crecimiento vegetal en plántulas de hortalizas." Cuadernos de Semilleros de investigación 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33133/csi-1-2015-8.
Анотація:
Promoting bacteria plant growth, they are a way for the development of bio-fertilizers because they have characteristics as symbiotic nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization, decreasing the consumtion of chemical fertilizers therefore can contribute to the sustainable management of production agriculture, improve soil quality and nutrient cycling by microbial action. The agricultural activad with constant use of chemical fertilizers has brought pollution problems, damage to human health, damage and loss of soil microbial biota found there. The use of bacteria with potential plant growth represent an alternative use to replace chemicals and help plant growth. For above the goal of this study it is to characterize the plant growth promoting bacteria isolated in the La Loma Verde Santa Lucia in Cundinamarca, Guasca and determine their influence on the development of lettuce and spinach until seedling stage. For this purpose, the isolated bacteria that exhibit the property of fixing atmospheric nitrogen and solubilization of phosphates will be inoculated in the seeds of lactuca sativa (lettuce) and beta vulgaris (beet) to assess the development of seedlings. Waiting resulting bacteria isolated and characterized promote plant growth of these two vegetables so that the future can encourage the use of these bacteria in techniques in crop production in Cundinamarca, Guasca.
7
Abid, M. "Proprietes electriques des verres de phosphates de composition (0,40-x)Na2O-xPbO-0,60P2O5." Annales de Chimie Science des Matériaux 26, no. 6 (December 2001): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0151-9107(01)80099-4.
8
Cruz, Catarina, Paulo Cardoso, Jacinta Santos, Diana Matos, Carina Sá, and Etelvina Figueira. "Application of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria from Cape Verde to Increase Maize Tolerance to Salinity." Antioxidants 12, no. 2 (February 15, 2023): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020488.
Анотація:
Salinity constitutes a major abiotic factor that negatively affects crop productivity. Inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) is proven to increase plant tolerance to abiotic stresses and enhance plant growth, development and productivity. The present study aims to increase the resilience of crops to salinity using bacteria from the microbiome of plants growing in saline environments. For that, the halotolerance of bacteria present in the roots of natural plants growing on Sal Island, which is characterized by its arid environment and maritime influence, was determined, with some strains having extreme halotolerance. Their ability to produce plant growth-promoting traits was evaluated, with most strains increasing indole acetic acid (26–418%), siderophore (>300%) and alginate (2–66%) production and phosphate solubilization (13–100%) under salt stress. The strains evidencing the best performance were inoculated in maize (Zea mays L.) plants and their influence on plant growth and biochemical status was evaluated. Results evidenced bacterial ability to especially increase proline (55–191%), whose osmotic, antioxidant and protein-protecting properties reduced protein damage in salt-stressed maize plants, evidencing the potential of PGPB to reduce the impact of salinity on crops. Enhanced nutrition, phytohormone production and osmolyte synthesis along with antioxidant response all contribute to increasing plant tolerance to salt stress.
9
Amores-Casals, Sandra, Antonio Olimpio Gonçalves, Joan-Carles Melgarejo, and Joan Martí Molist. "Nb and REE Distribution in the Monte Verde Carbonatite–Alkaline–Agpaitic Complex (Angola)." Minerals 10, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10010005.
Анотація:
The Angolan alkaline–carbonatite complex of Monte Verde has a semi-circular shape and is comprised of a central intrusion of foidolite rocks surrounded by concentrically arranged minor bodies of other alkaline rocks and carbonatite magmatic breccias. This rock association is hosted by fenitized Eburnean granites. Concentric swarms of alkaline dykes of late formation, mostly of nepheline trachyte composition, crosscut the previous units. Most high-field strength elements (HFSE) and rare earth elements (REE) are concentrated in pyrochlore crystals in the carbonatite and alkaline breccias. Magmatic fluornatropyrochlore is replaced and overgrown by five secondary generations of pyrochlore formed during subsolidus stages and have higher Th, REE, Si, U, Sr, Ba, Zr, and Ti contents. The second, third, and fourth pyrochlore generations are associated with late fluids also producing quartz and REE rich minerals; whereas fifth and sixth pyrochlore generations are linked to the fenitization process. On the other hand, minerals of the rinkite, rosenbuschite, wöhlerite, eudialyte groups, as well as loparite-(Ce), occur in accessory amounts in nepheline trachyte, recording low to moderate agpaicity. In addition, minor REE-bearing carbonates, silicates, and phosphates crystallize as late minor secondary minerals into carbonatite breccia and alkaline dykes. In conclusion, the scarcity of HFSE and REE minerals at the Monte Verde carbonatite-alkaline-agpaitic complex suggests low metallogenetic interest and economic potential for the outcrops analysed in this study. However, the potential for buried resources should not be neglected.
10
Engel, A., C. Borchard, A. Loginova, J. Meyer, H. Hauss, and R. Kiko. "Effects of varied nitrate and phosphate supply on polysaccharidic and proteinaceous gel particle production during tropical phytoplankton bloom experiments." Biogeosciences 12, no. 19 (October 7, 2015): 5647–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5647-2015.
Анотація:
Abstract. Gel particles such as the polysaccharidic transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and the proteinaceous Coomassie stainable particles (CSP) play an important role in marine biogeochemical and ecological processes like particle aggregation and export, or microbial nutrition and growth. So far, effects of nutrient availability or of changes in nutrient ratios on gel particle production and fate are not well understood. The tropical ocean includes large oxygen minimum zones, where nitrogen losses due to anaerobic microbial activity result in a lower supply of nitrate relative to phosphate to the euphotic zone. Here, we report of two series of mesocosm experiments that were conducted with natural plankton communities collected from the eastern tropical North Atlantic (ETNA) close to Cape Verde in October 2012. The experiments were performed to investigate how different phosphate (experiment 1, Varied P: 0.15–1.58 μmol L−1) or nitrate (experiment 2, Varied N: 1.9–21.9 μmol L−1) concentrations affect the abundance and size distribution of TEP and CSP. In the days until the bloom peak was reached, a positive correlation between gel particle abundance and Chl a concentration was determined, linking the release of dissolved gel precursors and the subsequent formation of gel particles to autotrophic production. After the bloom peak, gel particle abundance remained stable or even increased, implying a continued partitioning of dissolved into particulate organic matter after biomass production itself ceased. During both experiments, differences between TEP and CSP dynamics were observed; TEP were generally more abundant than CSP. Changes in size distribution indicated aggregation of TEP after the bloom, while newly formed CSP decomposed. Abundance of gel particles clearly increased with nitrate concentration during the second experiment, suggesting that changes in [DIN] : [DIP] ratios can affect gel particle formation with potential consequences for carbon and nitrogen cycling as well as food web dynamics in tropical ecosystems.
11
Engel, A., C. Borchard, A. Loginova, J. Meyer, H. Hauss, and R. Kiko. "Effects of varied nitrate and phosphate supply on polysaccharidic and proteinaceous gel particles production during tropical phytoplankton bloom experiments." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 8 (April 30, 2015): 6589–635. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-6589-2015.
Анотація:
Abstract. It has been suggested that oxygen minimum zones (OMZ) will expand in the tropical oceans as a result of global change with potential consequences for marine element cycling, such as an increase in anaerobic nitrogen loss, resulting in a lower supply of nitrate relative to phosphate to the euphotic zone. So far, the effects of changes in nutrient ratios on organic matter recycling and export fluxes are not well understood. Here, were investigated how different phosphate (Varied P: 0.15–1.58 μmol L−1) or nitrate (Varied N: 1.9–21.9 μmol L−1) concentrations affect the abundance and size distribution of polysaccharidic transparent exopolymer particles (TEP), which are suggested to enhance particle aggregation and export fluxes, and on proteinaceous coomassie stainable particles (CSP), a supposedly good substrate for heterotrophic bacteria. Two series of mesocosm bloom experiments were conducted with natural plankton communities collected from the Eastern Tropical North Atlantic (ETNA) close to Cape Verde in October 2012. Until bloom peak, a positive correlation between gel particle abundance and Chl a concentration was determined, linking the release of dissolved gel precursors and the subsequent formation of gel particles to autotrophic production. After bloom peak, gel particle abundance remained stable or even increased, implying a continued partitioning of dissolved into particulate organic matter after biomass production itself ceased. During both experiments, differences between TEP and CSP dynamics were observed; TEP were generally more abundant than CSP. Changes in size distribution indicated aggregation of TEP during the bloom, while newly formed CSP decomposed. Abundance of gel particles clearly increased with nitrate concentration during the second experiment, suggesting that changes in [DIN]:[DIP] ratios can affect gel particle formation with potential consequences for carbon and nitrogen cycling as well as food web dynamics in tropical ecosystems.
12
Jacob, Jijo, Subrahmanya P, and Ravi Rao S. "PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ESSAY OF BHANDIRA (Clerodendrum infortunatum L.)." International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 8, no. 9 (September 23, 2020): 4348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj0808092020.
Анотація:
The globalisation of Ayurveda and tremendous growth in the population has led to high demand of bio re-sources. So many medicinal plants mentioned in the Ayurvedic classics are on the verge of extinction. So, there is a need to include new medicinal plants which are less explored to the mainstream. One such plant is Bhandira (Clerodendrum infortunatum L). The drug Bhandira (Clerodendrum infortunatum L.) is a soft-ly tomentose perennial shrub. Bhandira is categorized into the family Lamiaceae. The root of the plant is widely used by folklore practitioners for different disorders. The drug is not much explored in Ayurveda. The pharmacognostic and phytochemical study of the drug reveals the important components of the drug. Hence, present study was undertaken to evaluate pharmacognostic and phytochemical study of the drug Bhandira (Clerodendrum infortunatum L.). In pharmacognostic study the macroscopic and microscopic studies were done. Ash analysis and preliminary phytochemical study also was done. In phytochemical study HPTLC and TLC was carried out. Preliminary phytochemical study of the drug Bhandira (C.infortunatum Linn) showed the presence of Carbohydrates, Flavonoids, Steroids, Resins, Phenolics, Tannins and Triterpenoids. Ash analysis of root of Bhandira (C.infortunatum Linn) showed the presence of Fluoride, Phosphate and Sodium among the inorganic constituents. In HPTLC documentation C.infortunatum root extract showed 7 peaks at 254nm, 8 peaks at 366nm and 11 peaks at 550nm.
13
Jacob, Jijo, Subrahmanya P, and Ravi Rao S. "PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ESSAY OF BHANDIRA (Clerodendrum infortunatum L.)." International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 09, no. 1 (September 11, 2020): 4348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj.1109012021.
Анотація:
The globalisation of Ayurveda and tremendous growth in the population has led to high demand of bio resources. So many medicinal plants mentioned in the Ayurvedic classics are on the verge of extinction. So, there is a need to include new medicinal plants which are less explored to the mainstream. One such plant is Bhandira (Clerodendrum infortunatum L). The drug Bhandira (Clerodendrum infortunatum L.) is a softly tomentose perennial shrub. Bhandira is categorized into the family Lamiaceae. The root of the plant is widely used by folklore practitioners for different disorders. The drug is not much explored in Ayurveda. The pharmacognostic and phytochemical study of the drug reveals the important components of the drug. Hence, present study was undertaken to evaluate pharmacognostic and phytochemical study of the drug Bhandira (Clerodendrum infortunatum L.). In pharmacognostic study the macroscopic and microscopic studies were done. Ash analysis and preliminary phytochemical study also was done. In phytochemical study HPTLC and TLC was carried out. Preliminary phytochemical study of the drug Bhandira (C.infortunatum Linn) showed the presence of Carbohydrates, Flavonoids, Steroids, Resins, Phenolics, Tannins and Triterpenoids. Ash analysis of root of Bhandira (C.infortunatum Linn) showed the presence of Fluoride, Phosphate and Sodium among the inorganic constituents. In HPTLC documentation C.infortunatum root extract showed 7 peaks at 254nm, 8 peaks at 366nm and 11 peaks at 550nm. Keywords: Bhandira, Clerodendrum infortunatum L, Pharmacognostic study, Phytochemical study.
14
Rodriguez, Alia, and Ian Robert Sanders. "CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA COLOMBO-SUIZA AYUDA A ALIMENTAR EL PLANETA: DE LA REVOLUCIÓN VERDE A LA REVOLUCIÓN MICROBIANA." Acta Biológica Colombiana 21, no. 1Supl (March 8, 2016): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/abc.v21n1supl.50856.
Анотація:
<p>Por milenios los agricultores han mejorado sus cultivos utilizando la variación genética y seleccionando las mejores variedades. Hoy nos enfrentamos a un reto sin precedentes: alimentar la creciente población mundial. Así, aumentar los rendimientos de cultivos de importancia global, para la seguridad alimentaria, como la yuca, es crucial. Esta raíz tropical alimenta aproximadamente 1.000 millones de personas en alrededor de 105 países en el mundo y sus productos son la tercera fuente de calorías más importante para los países del trópico (FAO, 2005). Esta planta es altamente dependiente de la asociación con hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares (HFMA). Estos hongos ayudan a la planta a obtener fósforo del suelo, un nutriente limitante principalmente en los suelos del trópico. Recientemente mostramos que la inoculación de cultivos de yuca con Rhizophagus irregularis incrementó los rendimientos en dos localidades diferentes de Colombia (Ceballos <em>et al</em>., 2013). Más aún, conseguimos enormes diferencias en la productividad de la yuca, utilizando diferentes líneas genéticamente mejoradas del hongo R. irregularis, en condiciones de campo (Ceballos <em>et al</em>., 2014). Es improbable observar cambios tan dramáticos, en campo, en la producción de yuca, con un ciclo de mejoramiento de la planta. Así, combinando la agronomía con la biología y la genética, proponemos un cambio en el paradigma del mejoramiento vegetal, que pueda contribuir a resolver el problema de hambruna en el mundo.</p><p>Abstract<br /><br /></p><p>For millennia farmers have been improving crops by using their natural genetic variation, selecting the best varieties. Today we face an unprecedented challenge to feed the growing global human population that can only be achieved with major changes in how we combine science and technology with agronomy. Cassava is globally important, annually feeding almost a billion people in 105 countries. It is an important crop for subsistence farming throughout tropical and subtropical regions for smallholder farmers, but especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Cassava is highly dependant on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to survive. Mycorrhizal fungi form symbioses with all our major crops. They help plants obtain phosphate from the soil; an essential nutrient that limits cassava production in the tropics. Our Colombian-swiss group have shown a significant effect of Rhizophagus irregularis inoculation on yield of<br />cassava in field conditions in two locations in Colombia. Further, huge differences in the productivity of cassava can be achieved by inoculating it with genetically different lines of R. irregularis. The variation in cassava growth we observed is so large that it would be very unlikely in one generation of plant breeding to see similar variation in cassava growth. By combining agronomy with biology and genetics, we propose a shift in the paradigm of plant breeding that could help to solve the problem of hunger in the world.</p><p> </p>
15
BONNEAU, M., F. BELINE, J. Y. DOURMAD, M. HASSOUNA, C. JONDREVILLE, L. LOYON, T. MORVAN, J. M. PAILLAT, Y. RAMONET, and P. ROBIN. "Connaissance du devenir des éléments à risques dans les différentes filières de gestion des effluents porcins." INRAE Productions Animales 21, no. 4 (September 27, 2008): 325–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2008.21.4.3409.
Анотація:
Cet article résume les apports du programme «Porcherie verte» dans la connaissance et la maîtrise du devenir de l’azote, du phosphore et des éléments traces métalliques qui ont, à des titres divers, un impact sur l’environnement.
La diminution de la teneur en protéines de l’aliment permet de réduire fortement les quantités d’azote excrétées par les animaux. Une part importante de l’azote est éliminée sous forme gazeuse lorsque les animaux sont placés sur litière ou lorsque le lisier est composté. L’importance de ces pertes d’azote peut cependant varier fortement selon les techniques utilisées et la nature des substrats. Le traitement biologique abat la majeure partie de l’azote et certains types de stations permettent de capter le reste dans des coproduits potentiellement exportables. La bonne valorisation agronomique des effluents nécessite de bien connaître leur valeur fertilisante azotée, ce que facilite l’approche typologique mise au point dans le cadre du programme.
Un certain nombre de leviers alimentaires permettent de diminuer la fraction du phosphore alimentaire qui est excrétée dans les effluents : ajustement des apports alimentaires grâce à une meilleure connaissance des besoins des animaux, amélioration de la digestibilité du phosphore alimentaire par une meilleure connaissance de sa disponibilité dans les diverses matières premières ou via l’adjonction de phytase exogène. Les traitements biologiques avec séparation de phases permettent de capter le phosphore dans des coproduits potentiellement exportables et la valeur fertilisante phosphatée des effluents est en général très élevée et facile à prédire.
16
Bayen, Supriti, Trupti Rani Mohanty, Thangjam Nirupada Chanu, Canciyal Johnson, Nitish Kumar Tiwari, Ranjan Kumar Manna, Himanshu Sekhar Swain, and Basanta Kumar Das. "Influence of riverine connectivity on phytoplankton abundance and diversity of associated wetlands of River Ganga: A comparative study of an open and a closed wetland." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 24, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/aehm.024.04.06.
Анотація:
Abstract River connectivity is often described as a key requirement for maintaining the health and biodiversity of associated wetlands of rivers. A comparative study was undertaken to understand the influence of river connectivity on plankton diversity and abundance in an open (Chharaganga Beel) and a closed wetland (Kalobaur Beel) situated on the banks of River Ganga in West Bengal, India. During the present investigation, data revealed that the major groups of phytoplankton recorded were Cyanobacteria (33.12%), Bacillariophyta (29.07%), and Chlorophyta (22.34%) from the open wetland, and Bacillariophyta (47.40%), Euglenozoa (30.68%), and Chlorophyta (10.12%) from the closed one. Shannon diversity (H’) and Margalef's species richness index indicate that phytoplankton diversity in the Chharaganga ecosystem was higher than in Kalobaur Beel. A one-way ANOVA showed significant station-wise difference for water turbidity (p <0.05) in both of the beels, and student t test revealed that differences in physico-chemical parameters between the studied beels was statistically significant (p <0.05) for depth, turbidity, conductivity, total hardness, nitrate, total N, phosphate-P, silicate, Ca²+, Mg²+and chlorophyll a,whereas abundance of phytoplankton groups was significantly different for Bacillariophyta (p <0.05) and Euglenozoa (p <0.05). The positive correlation of total N with Euglenozoa (r=0.496; p<0.05) might be the cause of favourable conditions for a higher abundance of Euglenozoa in the closed Kalobaur Beel,which is on the verge of partial eutrophication. The hydrological flushing by river water in the Chharaganga wetland maintains the ecological stability. Therefore, restoration of river connectivity is recommended to improve the health of the disconnected wetlands.
17
Lima, Maria Dolores Barbosa, Leonardo Theodoro Bull, and Hélio Grassi Filho. "ÍNDICES FISIOLÓGICOS E ABSORÇÃO DE NUTRIENTES PELA CULTURA DA CEBOLA SUBMETIDA A CONDIÇÕES DE SALINIDADE E ESTRESSE HÍDRICO." IRRIGA 11, no. 3 (September 14, 2006): 356–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2006v11n3p356-366.
Анотація:
ÍNDICES FISIOLÓGICOS E ABSORÇÃO DE NUTRIENTES PELA CULTURA DA CEBOLA SUBMETIDA A CONDIÇÕES DE SALINIDADE E ESTRESSE HÍDRICO Maria Dolores Barbosa Lima1; Leonardo Theodoro Büll2; Hélio Grassi Filho21Faculdade de Agronomia, Fesurv-Universidade de Rio Verde, Campus Universitário, Rio Verde, GO, lima@fesurv.br2Departamento de Recursos Naturais, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP. 1 RESUMO A salinidade afeta a produção de extensas áreas agrícolas do mundo, inclusive no Nordeste do Brasil, sendo a principal limitação da produtividade das culturas nessa região. Conduziu-se este experimento com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de níveis de salinidade e umidade do solo sobre índices fisiológicos e absorção de nutrientes na cultura da cebola (Allium cepa L), cultivar Baia periforme. Foram usados, em casa de vegetação, 45 vasos de plástico com capacidade para 10 litros, com solo salinizado com NaCl, em quantidades suficientes para promover níveis de condutividade elétrica próximos à Original; 2; 4; 6 e 8 dS m-1. Cada vaso recebeu 15,2g de termosfosfato enriquecido com micronutrientes e ainda1,5 L de matéria orgânica. Os tratamentos de umidade consistiram em manter o solo em faixas de 25-50, 50-75 e 75-100 % da Capacidade de Campo. Foram avaliados o teor relativo de água (TRA), índice refratométrico do suco celular (IR), teor de clorofila nas folhas, teor de prolina livre e sólidos solúveis no bulbo, além de análises de absorção de sódio, magnésio, potássio e cálcio. Os resultados permitem concluir que o aumento do teor de NaCl reduziu o teor de água e a clorofila nas folhas, o peso da matéria seca e a parte aérea e do bulbo das plantas de cebola, alem de promover redução de magnésio e potássio e aumento de sódio nas folhas da cebola. A umidade do substrato não exerceu efeito significativo sobre nenhuma das variáveis estudadas. UNITERMOS: Allium cepa , composição mineral, salinidade. LIMA, M.D.B.; BÜLL, L.T.; GRASSI FILHO, H. PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICIES AND NUTRIENT ABSORPTION OF ONION CULTURE UNDER SALINITY AND HYDRIC STRESS CONDITIONS 2 ABSTRACT Salinity affects production of agricultural crops worldwide, including areas in the northeast of Brazil, and it is a main crop productivity-limiting factor. This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of soil salinity and moisture on some physiological indices and nutrient absorption of onion (Allium cepa L), cv Baia periforme. Forty-five 10-liter plastic pots with sandy soil, which had been added with NaCl, in sufficient amount to achieve electrical conductivity levels close to 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 dS m-1 , were used in a greenhouse. Each pot received15.2 g of thermo phosphate enriched with micronutrients and1.5 L of organic matter. The amount of irrigation water added to each treatment was adequate to maintain the soil in the limits of 25-50, 50-75 and 75-100 % of field Capacity. Relative water content (RWC), refratometrical index, chlorophyll content in leaves and proline content and soluble solids in the bulb were evaluated. Analysis of nutrient absorption, as sodium, magnesium, potassium and calcium, were carried out. From obtained results, it was concluded that the increase of NaCl concentration in the soil reduced water content and chlorophyll in the leaves, weight of dry matter, aerial part and bulb of onion plants, besides reducing magnesium and potassium and increasing sodium in the leaves of onion. Substratum humidity did not have a significant effect on none of the studied variables. KEYWORDS: Allium cepa, mineral composition, salinity.
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BLANFORT, V., M. DOREAU, J. HUGUENIN, J. LAZARD, V. PORPHYRE, J. F. SOUSSANA, and B. TOUTAIN. "Impacts et services environnementaux de l’élevage en régions chaudes." INRAE Productions Animales 24, no. 1 (March 4, 2011): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2011.24.1.3239.
Анотація:
Les interactions entre l’élevage et l’environnement sont l’objet d’un débat médiatique, sociétal et scientifique depuis les années 70. Ce débat, focalisé sur les impacts négatifs de l’élevage sur l’environnement et jusqu’ici limité aux pays développés, concerne dorénavant les pays émergents et en développement où se fera l’essentiel de l’accroissement de la production animale. Toutefois, il est désormais admis que l’élevage peut aussi produire des services écosystémiques en plus de sa fonction productive. Cette synthèse propose un bilan des impacts et des services environnementaux liés aux productions animales dans les pays du Sud et trace des pistes d’amélioration pour les élevages de ruminants, les porcs et volailles ainsi que l’aquaculture. Les changements historiques d’utilisation des terres et de certains habitats aquatiques en cours dans le monde tropical nécessitent une réflexion pour des systèmes de production plus durables. Les émissions de gaz à effet de serre concernent en grande partie les zones tropicales où les systèmes à faible productivité sont forts émetteurs par kg de lait ou de viande produite. Elles sont compensées en partie par un stockage de carbone dans les pâturages, mais les références en zone tropicale restent à préciser. L’augmentation rapide des productions animales au cours des dernières décennies est essentiellement issue de l’industrialisation de l’élevage dans de nombreux pays du Sud où les questions sur la pollution des sols, des eaux, de l’air et le traitement des effluents deviennent incontournables. Les systèmes extensifs moins productifs mais moins polluants conduisent aussi à des services environnementaux. L’élevage est fort consommateur d’eau, mais principalement d’eau «verte» liée à la production végétale. La consommation de ressources fossiles (énergie, phosphates...) s’avère fortement dépendante de l’intensification des systèmes d’élevage. Le risque d’érosion de la biodiversité animale et végétale est une menace avérée, en lien avec la déforestation et les pratiques d’élevage. Dans une discussion globale, les principaux systèmes d’élevage des pays du Sud sont évalués à l’aune de leurs performances environnementales. Des perspectives d’évolution vers des systèmes de production à plus faible impacts et intégrant des services écologiques existent notamment par la mise en place de mécanismes financiers incitatifs. Mais les priorités de lutte contre la faim et la pauvreté constituent des obstacles de taille dans de nombreux pays du sud. Elles conditionnent l’amélioration des performances environnementales à la mise en place de systèmes d’élevage assurant la réponse aux besoins alimentaires des populations et la durabilité économique et sociale indispensable aux sociétés en développement.
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Cimó, Leon, Joara Secchi Candian, Lidiane Fernandes Colombari, Mateus Vinicius Narciso Redigolo, and Antonio Ismael Inácio Cardoso. "DOSES DE FÓSFORO NA FERTIRRIGAÇÃO DE MUDAS EM SUBSTRATO A BASE DE FIBRA DE COCO E INFLUÊNCIA NA PRODUÇÃO DO REPOLHO." IRRIGA 22, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2017v22n1p34-43.
Анотація:
DOSES DE FÓSFORO na fertirrigação De MUDAS Em substrato a base de fibra de coco e INFLUÊNCIA NA PRODUÇÃO DO REPOLHO Leon cimó¹; joara secchi candian²; lidiane fernandes colombari²; mateus vinícius narciso redigolo²; antonio ismael inácio cardoso² ¹Graduandos do Departamento de Horticultura, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu-SP, leoncimo@hotmail.com; mvnredigolo@fca.unesp.br² Mestrandos e Professor do Departamento de Horticultura, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu-SP, ismaeldh@fca.unesp.br; joara@live.com; lidianeliliane@hotmail.com 1 RESUMO O repolho é uma espécie propagada por sementes, com produção de mudas em bandeja, porém, existem poucos estudos sobre uso de fertirrigação com soluções nutritivas nesta etapa do ciclo das plantas. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a influência de doses de fósforo na fertirrigação das mudas na produção de repolho usando a fibra de coco. Foram avaliadas seis doses de fósforo (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 e 75 mg L-1 de P) no delineamento em blocos ao acaso. Foram feitas quatro fertirrigações aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após a semeadura. As características avaliadas na fase de mudas foram: número de folhas, altura, massa da matéria fresca e seca da parte aérea e das raízes. As características avaliadas após a colheita foram: número de folhas externas e internas (cabeça), massa da matéria fresca das folhas externas e internas, diâmetro e altura da cabeça. Observou-se aumento linear para a altura e massa da matéria seca das raízes das mudas quanto maior a dose de fósforo. Já para o número de folhas, massa da matéria fresca e seca da parte aérea e seca das raízes foi observado efeito quadrático, com máximos valores estimados para doses variando entre 40 e 61 mg L-1 de P. No entanto, não foram observadas diferenças significativas para todas as características avaliadas na colheita, provavelmente porque após o transplante observou-se bom desenvolvimento das plantas de todos os tratamentos e as diferenças iniciais não se mantiveram até o final do ciclo. Palavras-chave: Brassica oleracea var. capitata, adubação fosfatada, fosfato monoamônico; fibra da casca de coco verde. CIMÓ, L.; CANDIAN, J. S.; COLOMBARI, L. F.; REDIGOLO, M. V. N.; CARDOSO, A. I. I.DOSES OF PHOSPHORUS USED IN FERTIGATION OF SEEDLINGS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON CABBAGE PRODUCTION 2 ABSTRACT Cabbage is a species propagated by seeds, with production of seedlings in tray, however, there are few studies on fertigation with nutrient solutions in this stage of the plants’ cycle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of phosphorus doses on fertigation of seedlings in cabbage production. Six doses of phosphorus (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 mg of P L-1) were evaluated in a randomized block design. Four fertigations were made at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after sowing. The characteristics evaluated in seedling stage were: number of leaves, height, fresh and dry weight of aerial parts and roots. The characteristics evaluated after harvest were: number of external and internal (head) of leaves, mass of fresh matter of external and internal (“head”) leaves, diameter and height of the “head”. There was a linear increase in the height and dry matter weight of the roots of seedlings the higher is the phosphorus dose. For number of leaves, fresh and dry matter weight of aerial parts and dry weight of root it was obtained quadratic effect, with maximum estimated values for doses ranging from 40 to 61 mg of P L-1. However, there were no significant differences for all traits evaluated at harvest, probably because after transplantation there was good plant growth in all treatments and the initial differences did not remain until the end of the cycle. Keywords: Brassica oleracea var. capitata; phosphate fertilizer; coconut’s husk fiber
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DOREAU, M., R. BAUMONT, and J. M. PEREZ. "Avant-propos." INRAE Productions Animales 24, no. 5 (December 8, 2011): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2011.24.5.3274.
Анотація:
Les impacts environnementaux liés aux productions animales sont pris en considération depuisau moins deux décennies. Mais jusqu’à une date récente, ils étaient considérés comme des «dommagescollatéraux» résultant de la nécessité de nourrir la planète. Depuis le rapport de la FAO«Livestock’s long shadow» (Steinfeld et al 2006), les préoccupations environnementales liées enparticulier aux gaz à effet de serre (GES) ont pris une importance croissante auprès des acteursdes filières animales et des décideurs politiques. Elles sont désormais au centre de la réflexion surle développement de l’élevage. En témoignent des documents dépassant le cadre de l’agriculturecomme la publication des propositions du «Grenelle 2» par le gouvernement français, ou la feuillede route de l’Union Européenne pour une baisse drastique des émissions de gaz carbonique àl’échéance de 2050. En fait, le problème est planétaire, car la consommation mondiale de produitsanimaux augmente, tendance appelée à se poursuivre en raison de l’évolution démographiqueet de l’accroissement de la part des produits animaux dans l’alimentation dans les pays endéveloppement et émergents (Gerber et al 2011).
La revue INRA Productions animales a publié depuis plusieurs années de nombreux articlesrelatifs aux relations entre élevage et environnement, analysées sous divers angles. Récemmentdes articles relatifs aux polluants ou aux aspects environnementaux plus globaux ont été publiésdans le cadre de trois numéros thématiques : «Porcherie verte» avec notamment des articles surles éléments à risque et les émissions gazeuses lors de la gestion des effluents (Bonneau et al2008a, b), «Les nouveaux enjeux de la nutrition et de l’alimentation du porc» avec un article surles relations entre nutrition et excrétion de polluants (Dourmad et al 2009), et «Elevage en régionschaudes» avec un article consacré aux impacts et services environnementaux (Blanfort et al2011). Des articles ont également été publiés sur la quantification des émissions de méthane parles animaux d’élevage en France (Vermorel et al 2008) et sur la modélisation des émissions deméthane chez les ruminants (Sauvant et al 2009). Enfin, les moyens de réduire les rejets porcinset avicoles par la génétique ont été analysés (Mignon-Grasteau et al 2010). A signaler aussi lenuméro spécial «Elevage bio» en 2009, qui analysait les systèmes d’élevage biologique sans toutefoisdiscuter leurs avantages au plan environnemental.
La réduction des émissions de GES par l’élevage est devenue un enjeu majeur des recherchessur les systèmes d’élevage et en nutrition animale. Ce dossier composé de quatre articles estconsacré aux GES en élevage bovin en mettant l’accent sur le méthane. En effet dans la plupartdes systèmes laitiers et à viande, le méthane est le gaz à effet de serre qui contribue le plus auxémissions, exprimées en équivalent gaz carbonique, comme le montre le premier article (Dollé etal 2011) qui replace les émissions de méthane dans l’ensemble des émissions de gaz à effet deserre. Un travail considérable a été réalisé pour évaluer et comparer les systèmes français, et lesINRA Productions Animales, 2011, numéro 5situer dans un contexte plus global : depuis quelques années les émissions induites par des systèmesd’élevage très divers sont étudiées dans le monde, principalement en Europe. Le deuxièmearticle (Sauvant et al 2011) analyse les relations étroites entre la production de méthane et les fermentationsdans le rumen selon la nature du régime alimentaire, puis discute la précision des principaleséquations empiriques de prévision de la production de méthane, ainsi que des modèlesmécanistes qui ont été développés. Des voies d’amélioration sont proposées. Dans un troisièmearticle (Popova et al 2011), les mécanismes de production de méthane dans le rumen sont analysés.Un intérêt particulier est porté au rôle des Archaea méthanogènes, microorganismes qui constituentun domaine spécifique du règne vivant et qui sont les seuls à produire du méthane à partirde l’hydrogène. La compréhension des mécanismes est un élément majeur pour prévoir les effetspossibles d’une ration, d’un additif, d’une biotechnologie sur la production de méthane. Laconnaissance actuelle de ces effets est présentée dans un quatrième article (Doreau et al 2011),centré sur les résultats obtenus in vivo. Il est en effet important de confronter les annonces faitesà partir d’essais in vitro, ou d’un seul essai in vivo mené sur le court terme, aux résultats d’étudesapprofondies reposant sur une base expérimentale solide.
Ce dossier dresse un bilan des recherches et de l’état des connaissances sur le méthane entérique,et mentionne les principaux leviers d’action pour réduire les émissions des trois principauxgaz à effet de serre. Une vision plus large nécessiterait le développement d’aspects complémentaires.En premier lieu, celui des émissions de méthane et de protoxyde d’azote liées aux effluents.Elles sont toutefois très mal connues et éminemment variables, comme l’ont souligné Hassounaet al (2010) qui ont développé une méthode permettant de les évaluer en bâtiments. En deuxièmelieu, l'impact des nombreuses voies permettant de réduire les émissions de protoxyde d'azote auchamp doit être évalué. Ainsi, serait nécessaire une analyse portant sur les différents moyens permettantde limiter la fertilisation azotée minérale (fertilisation «de précision», recours aux légumineuses,inhibition des réactions de nitrification/dénitrification dans les sols, meilleure gestiondu pâturage…) qui sont seulement évoqués dans le texte de Dollé et al (2011). Enfin, la séquestrationde carbone par les prairies doit être prise en compte dans l’analyse de la contribution desélevages de ruminants au réchauffement climatique. Les valeurs actuellement retenues sont probablementsous-estimées (Soussana et al 2010), mais les résultats récents mettent en évidence unetrès grande variabilité de ce stockage de carbone, liée non seulement au type de végétation et auxconditions pédologiques, mais aussi, entre autres, au type d’exploitation par les animaux et auxaléas climatiques (Klumpp et al 2011).
Le réchauffement climatique est actuellement considéré par les médias et les décideurs politiquescomme l’urgence en termes de protection de notre environnement. Cela ne doit pas faireoublier qu’il est nécessaire de prendre en compte simultanément l’épuisement de certaines ressourcescomme l’énergie fossile et les phosphates, la raréfaction des réserves en eau, la compétitionpour les surfaces agricoles, et la pollution de l’air, des sols et de l’eau par différentes moléculesminérales et organiques. L’analyse des impacts environnementaux, en tant que composantede la durabilité des systèmes d’élevage, doit donc être multifactorielle et prendre également encompte les services environnementaux et sociétaux de l’élevage, une activité qui fait vivre plusd’un milliard d’habitants de notre planète.
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Qingwei, Zeng, Tang Lushi, Zhang Yu, Shao Yu, Wu Wanting, Wang Jiangchuan, Ding Xiaolei, Han Xuejiao, and Muhammad Bilal. "Isolation and characterization of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria from rhizosphere of poplar on road verge and their antagonistic potential against various phytopathogens." BMC Microbiology 23, no. 1 (August 15, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12866-023-02953-3.
Анотація:
Abstract Background Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) can solubilize insoluble phosphate compounds and improve phosphate availability in soil. Road verges are important in urban landscaping, but the population structure of PSB and their ecological functions in the road verge soil is still unclear. Results Twenty-one mineral PSB strains and 14 organic PSB strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of poplar on urban road verge. All the mineral PSB strains showed better solubilization to Ca3(PO4)2 than FePO4 or AlPO4. Among them, 7 strains showed high phosphate-solubilizing (PS) activities to Ca3(PO4)2 (150–453 mg/L). All the organic PSB strains displayed weak solubilization to lecithin. 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis showed good species diversity of the PSB strains, which belongs to 12 genera: Bacillus, Cedecea, Cellulosimicrobium, Delftia, Ensifer, Paenibacillus, Pantoea, Phyllobacterium, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium and Staphylococcus. Moreover, 8 PSB strains showed various degrees of growth inhibition against 4 plant pathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum S1, F. oxysporum S2, Pythium deliense Meurs Z4, Phomopsis sp. AC1 and a plant pathogenic bacterium, Pectobacterium carotovorum TP1. Conclusions The results indicated that these PSB strains could perform multiple ecological functions on road verge. The development and application of bio-agents based on the strains would provide a new strategy for maintaining and improving the ecosystem stability of road verges.
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Yoshida, Minami, Paul R. Turner, Christopher John McAdam, Mohammed Azam Ali та Jaydee D. Cabral. "A comparison between β‐tricalcium phosphate verse chitosan poly‐caprolactone ‐based 3D melt extruded composite scaffolds". Biopolymers, 23 листопада 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.23482.
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Ong’injo, Rogers Omondi, Fredrick Orori Kengara, and Emmanuel Shikanga. "Potential of biochar amendment as phosphorus source in tropical paddy soil." Applied Chemical Engineering 6, no. 3 (December 14, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/ace.v6i3.3675.
Анотація:
Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for crop production but its non-renewable natural sources are on the verge of depletion. The few remaining P sources may be depleted in the next 30–50 years. This calls for P recycling strategies with biochar application being an appealing approach. However, very limited information is available on the use of biochar as a P source and how it affects the various P fractions in tropical paddy soils. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish whether biochar could potentially be used as a P source. A sample tropical paddy soil was treated with 1% biochar (derived from maize straw) and/or potassium dihydrogen phosphate, waterlogged and then incubated in airtight amber glass containers at 25 ℃, to mimic tropical paddy soil conditions. Soil aliquots were sampled periodically, followed by extraction and analysis of P fractions. The generated data was subjected to correlation analysis to explore the relationships among the P fractions. The study established that under anaerobic conditions, biochar amendment and P fertilization had no effect on aluminium bound P, calcium bound P, occluded P, moderately labile P and non-labile P. Additional P increased loosely sorbed P but biochar reduced it, even when combined with supplementary P fertilization. It was established that biochar increased iron bound P and to a greater extent with P fertilization. Additional P increased labile P while it was not affected by biochar. Apart from the effect on loosely sorbed P, biochar performed as well as the P fertilizer—or better in case of Fe-bound P. There is therefore promising potential for utilization of biochar as an alternative renewable P source.
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Padhi, Swarupanjali, Rupa Mazumder, and Shradha Bisth. "Development of Reverse Phase Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography Using Ion-pairing reagent for Quantitative Assessment of Ceftriaxone in Rat Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid." Current Pharmaceutical Analysis 16 (May 26, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573412916999200526112921.
Анотація:
Background: In case of meningitis the meninges are inflamed and the Blood brain Barrier is distorted so there is no hindrance to drug penetration but the problem arises when the disease is at the verge of cure, the meninges become uninflamed and the permeability of drug is reduced to such extend the it becomes nearly impossible to maintain the minimum inhibitory concentration of drug at the site of infection. This problem was overcome by formulating Ceftriaxone loaded NLCs and administrating it through intraperitoneal route to Wistar Albino rat. For quantitative assessment of drug in rat serum and cerebrospinal spinal fluid new RPUFLC (reverse-phase ultra-fast liquid chromatography) method has been developed and validated. Objective: Development and validation of RP UFLC (using ion pairing reagent) method for accurate estimation of ceftriaxone in rat serum and CSF. Methods: Method validation is done according to ICH Guideline (Q2) for estimation of ceftriaxone in rat serum and its CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) by RP-UFLC method. The blood was collected from the rat tail vein and CSF collected carefully from cisterna magna of the rats by 23G syringe. Mobile phase used in a ratio of 70:30%v/v of phosphate buffer with ion-pairing reagent and acetonitrile with pH 8.0. Results: Limit of detection and limit of quantification of ceftriaxone in rat serum was 1.08 µg/ml and 3.84 µg/ml respectively. Similarly, limit of detection and limit of quantification of ceftriaxone in CSF of rat was 0.94 µg/ml and 2.84 µg/ml respectively. In both cases the R2 value was more than 0.99 and showed 99% accuracy. Conclusion: The experimental result suggests that the new RP-UFLC method developed and validated can be effectively used to assess ceftriaxone in preclinical studies in rats.
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Eissler, Yoanna, Alonso Castillo-Reyes, Cristina Dorador, Marcela Cornejo-D'Ottone, Paula S. M. Celis-Plá, Polette Aguilar, and Verónica Molina. "Virus-to-prokaryote ratio in the Salar de Huasco and different ecosystems of the Southern hemisphere and its relationship with physicochemical and biological parameters." Frontiers in Microbiology 13 (August 18, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.938066.
Анотація:
The virus-to-prokaryote ratio (VPR) has been used in many ecosystems to study the relationship between viruses and their hosts. While high VPR values indicate a high rate of prokaryotes' cell lysis, low values are interpreted as a decrease in or absence of viral activity. Salar de Huasco is a high-altitude wetland characterized by a rich microbial diversity associated with aquatic sites like springs, ponds, streams and a lagoon with variable physicochemical conditions. Samples from two ponds, Poza Rosada (PR) and Poza Verde (PV), were analyzed by epifluorescence microscopy to determine variability of viral and prokaryotic abundance and to calculate the VPR in a dry season. In addition, to put Salar de Huasco results into perspective, a compilation of research articles on viral and prokaryotic abundance, VPR, and metadata from various Southern hemisphere ecosystems was revised. The ecosystems were grouped into six categories: high-altitude wetlands, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, and Southern Oceans and Antarctic lakes. Salar de Huasco ponds recorded similar VPR values (an average of 7.4 and 1.7 at PR and PV, respectively), ranging from 3.22 to 15.99 in PR. The VPR variability was associated with VA and chlorophyll a, when considering all data available for this ecosystem. In general, high-altitude wetlands recorded the highest VPR average (53.22 ± 95.09), followed by the Oceans, Southern (21.91 ± 25.72), Atlantic (19.57 ± 15.77) and Indian (13.43 ± 16.12), then Antarctic lakes (11.37 ± 15.82) and the Pacific Ocean (6.34 ± 3.79). Physicochemical variables, i.e., temperature, conductivity, nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate) and chlorophyll a as a biological variable, were found to drive the VPR in the ecosystems analyzed. Thus, the viral activity in the Wetland followed similar trends of previous reports based on larger sets of metadata analyses. In total, this study highlights the importance of including viruses as a biological variable to study microbial temporal dynamics in wetlands considering their crucial role in the carbon budgets of these understudied ecosystems in the southern hemisphere.
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Lopes Sobrinho, Oswaldo Palma, Leonardo Nazário Silva dos Santos, and Frederico Antonio Loureiro Soares. "Physical and physicochemical characteristics of tomato fruits grown under different irrigation water levels and phosphorus sources and rates." Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, July 27, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2022.v34.i7.2870.
Анотація:
Phosphorus (P) is one of the most limiting nutrients for growth and development of crops, and is important for soil fertility managements, since it affects the quality of fruits. With the hypothesis that different levels of irrigation and phosphorus fertilization interfere in the physical and physicochemical properties of tomatoes, the objective of this experiment was to verify this hypothesis and analyze the behavior of the fruits’ responses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Hydraulic and Irrigation Laboratory of the Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of the State of Goiás, in Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil. A randomized block design was used, with a 4×2×4 split-plot arrangement and three replications, totaling 96 experimental plots. The treatments consisted of four P2O5 rates: 25%, 50%, 100%, and 200% of the recommended rate; two P sources: monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and organo-mineral (OM); and four IWL: 50%, 75%, 100%, and 125% of the field capacity. The fruits were evaluated for longitudinal (FLD) and transversal (FTD) diameters, potential hydrogen (pH), titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solid (TSS) contents, and TSS to TA ratio (TSS/TA). The effect of the interactions between the factors IWL and P rate, IWL and P source, and P rate and source were significant for FLD and FTD, TSS, TA, and TSS/TA. The effects of the interactions between IWL and P rate, and IWL and P source were significant for pH. The MAP source combined with the rate of 25% and IWL of 125% resulted in tomato fruits with larger FLD and FTD. The rate of 25% combined with IWL of 77% and 100% resulted in tomato fruits with higher TSS and pH. The OM source resulted in tomato fruits with higher TA when combined with IWL of 50%, and larger FLD when combined with IWL of 105% and 125%.
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Agricultural Water Management in Arid and Semi-arid Regions)
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Assirelli, A., F. Fornasier, F. Caputo, and L. M. Manici. "Locally available compost application in organic farms: 2-year effect on biological soil properties." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 38 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170523000078.
Анотація:
Abstract Composting technologies have progressed parallel to the growing interest in recycling organic waste over recent decades, whilst in-field compost application requires technical improvement and more experience in order to optimize their effect according to the agro-environment and the type of crop which follow their incorporation into the soil. In response to compost application, biological soil features were assessed in field by adopting precision agricultural machinery and by limiting soil incorporation to a depth of 15 cm. A 2-year trial was carried out on two sites in the East Po valley (Northern Italy), an agricultural district which, in 2000, was classified as being on the verge of desertification, and where efforts to counteract soil organic matter decline have been underway for some decades. A green-waste compost produced in accordance with current national directives was applied in autumn 2019 and 2020 to two organic fields using precision farming machinery for compost spreading and conventional harrows for incorporation. Fields were divided into two large plots to compare the effect of compost treatment to an untreated control and were managed according to organic farming practices. Seven months after application, microbial biomass, assessed in terms of DNA, and 17 enzymatic activities were estimated by sampling root-explored soil at the vegetative stage of different seed crops for organic horticulture. A significant overall increase of biological soil activity was detected after the second application. The qualitative response varied slightly between the two sites: a higher impact of microbial biomass was observed in the site that was poorer in soil organic matter; whilst in the other, an increase of phosphatase activities contributed more to the general increase of biological activity. Findings show that, in those agricultural soils, an agronomic advantage from compost can be obtained only after repeated applications; furthermore, precision farming technologies facilitate compost application even in small, specialized farms such as those which hosted this trial.
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Agyeman, Prince Chapman, Kingsley John, Ndiye Michael Kebonye, Luboš Borůvka, Radim Vašát, Ondřej Drábek, and Karel Němeček. "Human health risk exposure and ecological risk assessment of potentially toxic element pollution in agricultural soils in the district of Frydek Mistek, Czech Republic: a sample location approach." Environmental Sciences Europe 33, no. 1 (December 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12302-021-00577-w.
Анотація:
Abstract Background Human activities considerably contribute to polluting potentially toxic element (PTEs) levels in soils, especially agricultural soils. The consistent introduction of PTEs in the environment and the soil pose health-related risks to humans, flora and fauna. One hundred and fifteen samples were collected in the district of Frydek Mistek (Czech Republic) in a regular grid form. The soil samples were air-dried, and the concentrations of PTEs (i.e. lead, arsenic, chromium, nickel, manganese, cadmium, copper, and zinc) were determined by ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry). The purpose of this study is to create digitized soil maps that expose the human-related health risks posed by PTEs, estimate pollution indices, ascertain the spatially distributed patterns of PTEs, source apportionment and quantify carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks using the sample location approach. Results The results revealed that the pollution assessment of the soils in the study area using diverse pollution assessment indexes (pollution index, pollution load index, ecological risk and risk index), based on the application of the local background value and the European average value, displayed a range of pollution levels due to differences in the threshold limits from differing geochemical background levels. The principal components analysis and positive matrix factorization, respectively, identified the sources of pollution and the distribution of PTE sources. Mapping the health index and total carcinogenic risk highlighted hotspots of areas within the study area that require immediate remediation. The self-organizing map (SeOM) revealed a diversified colour pattern for the factor scores. A single neuron exhibited a high hotspot in all factor loadings on different blocks of neurons. Children’s CDItotal (Chronic Daily Intake total) values for non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk were found to be greater than adults’, as were their HQ (hazard quotients) and CR (carcinogenic risk) values. According to the health index of non-carcinogenic risk, 6.1% of the study area sampled posed a potential risk to children rather than adults. Corresponding to the sampled pointwise health risk assessment, 13.05% of the sampled locations are carcinogenic to children. The estimated health risk in the agricultural soil was high, with both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks that could threaten persons living in the study area, particularly children. Conclusion In general, the continuous application of agriculturally related inputs such as phosphate fertilizers and other anthropogenic activities (e.g., steel industry) can increase the level of PTEs in soils. The use of mean, maximum, and minimum values in health risk estimation does not provide a comprehensive picture of a research area’s health state. This study recommends using a sampled pointwise or location health risks assessment approach, which allows researchers to identify high-risk environments that exceeds the recommended threshold as well as areas on the verge of becoming high risk, allowing for rapid remedial action.